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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



A SPECIAL 



VOCABULARY TO VIRGIL, 



^K^«, V 



COVERING HIS COMPLETE WORKS. 



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By J. B..GREENOUGH. 




BOSTON : 
PUBLISHED BY GINN, HEATH, & CO. 

1883. 



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Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by 

JAMES B. GREENOUGH, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



$U?SL 



J. S. Cushing & Co., Printers, Boston. 



PREFACE. 



r ~pHE author, in preparing this Vocabulary to accompany his 
Virgil, or for use with other editions, has had two things in 
view : first, to supply as much information as was possible in 
regard to the history and uses of the Latin words, so that the book 
should not be a mere key to translate by, but should also furnish 
means for the study of the language itself; and, secondly, at the 
same time to give or suggest a suitable English expression for 
every passage. 

In every language which is to be rendered into another, there 
may be said to be three classes of meanings to the words : first, the 
etymological meaning, i.e., the idea that a word presented when it 
was first formed or used ; second, the literal meanings, i.e., the ideas 
which a word came to have to those who used it in its later develop- 
ment ; and, third, the foreign meaning or translation, i.e., the word 
expressing the nearest equivalent idea in the language into which one 
wishes to translate. Of course these three classes of meanings may 
happen to coincide ; a word may not have deviated essentially from 
its primitive force, and this same, force may happen to belong to some 
similar word in the other language. It is, however, oftener other- 
wise ; words have often diverged very far and in many directions 
from the primitive conception underlying them, and it is rare that 
a word in one language exactly covers the group of ideas which 
belongs to the nearest corresponding word in another ; and this is 
especially true in poetry. The author has aimed to keep these 
classes of meanings separate so far as space would permit. For 



4 Preface. 

this purpose the etymological meaning, where it may not be directly 
deduced from the etymology, has been given first in a parenthesis. 
Then follow the literal meanings, as nearly as possible in the sup- 
posed order of development, with such hints as could be given of 
the connection of ideas. Such renderings as seemed to be neces- 
sary in English, but which did not accord with the Latin concep- 
tion, have been given in their connection as examples. In this 
way it is hoped the pupil or teacher may find a good English 
expression without losing sight of the Latin conception, which is, 
after all, the most important of the three classes of meanings. 

Further, an expression rendered by a bare representation of its 
ultimate mechanical equivalent, often loses not only all its poetry, 
but also the whole conception as it presented itself to the mind of 
the original speaker. 

Take such a case 2&fors dicta refutet ; the poet undoubtedly means 
" may fate avert the calamity I suppose," but he is far from saying 
so, nor could refuto to a Roman convey any such idea. What he 
does say is, " May fate annul (make void) my words," i.e., contra- 
dict, or prove false, the supposition which I make. For, in ancient 
times, it must be remembered any supposition or suggestion of 
calamity was regarded as ominous, and as tending to bring about 
the calamity supposed ; a force which vaguely underlies the expres- 
sion in English, " Oh, don't speak of it." It can hardly be hoped 
that the desired result has been attained in all cases, but the idea 
has been constantly kept in view. Nor is it supposed that the 
expressions given are the only suitable ones, but it is hoped that 
they will be found suggestive. 

In regard to the etymology, which occupies more space than is 
usual in such books, the author has wished to show not merely 
the kinship of words loosely, but, if possible, the precise manner 
in which one word has been formed from another. The fact is 
often overlooked that the Latin language, as we have it, is the growth 
of many centuries, during which forms have grown up and given 



i 



Preface. 5 

rise to new formations, while they themselves have disappeared. 
The new formations have given rise by analogy to others seeming 
to be formed like them from lost stems, which, however, perhaps 
never existed at all. For instance, the forms in -bundus and 
-cundus are unquestionably originally formations from stems in 
-bon and -con, which are themselves formations from stems in -bo 
and -co, and these in turn have been formed by adding -bus and -cus 
(bo and co) to simpler stems or roots. It has been attempted by 
hints and cross references to indicate these gradual developments, 
and it is hoped that the treatment will present to many persons 
new views of Latin stem-formation. It is not desired that all pupils 
should learn this etymological matter ; but the author has been led 
to insert it on account of the want of any such means of information 
in an accessible form. 

The actual quantity of vowels, where known, has been indicated, 
irrespective of syllabic quantity, in order to aid the proper pronun- 
ciation of Latin words. 

J. B. GREENOUGH. 

Cambridge, November i, 1882. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



a. — Actually long vowels are marked without reference to syllabic quantity, 
and all vowels (in the words when first presented) not marked long are 
supposed to be naturally short, although the syllable may be long by 
position. The pronunciation will of course depend on the rules learned 
from the grammar. 

[ ]. — All matter in square brackets is etymological. 

[Gr. AioXos] . — A Greek word in brackets preceded by Gr. indicates that the 
Latin word is borrowed from the Greek one given. 

[?] . — The interrogation in brackets marks a doubtful etymology ; after a word 
or suggestion it indicates, as usual, a doubt, or a suggestion not yet gen- 
erally received. 

fservo. — A dagger marks a stem, or, in some cases, a word not found in Latin, 
but which must once have existed. Such stems and words are printed 
in different type. 

DHA. — Capitals indicate Indo-European words or roots. 

Vf er. — The radical sign is used for convenience to indicate a root. By this 
is meant the simplest Latin form attainable by analysis ; though, strictly 
speaking, a root is impossible in Latin, as roots had ceased to exist, as 
such, ages before Latin was a separate language. 

as if. — The words as if indicate that a word is formed according to such an 
analogy, though the actual growth of the word may have been different. 

wh. — whence is derived. 

cf . — Compare, either for resemblance, contrast, or etymological kinship. 

poss. — possibly. 

prob. — probably. 

unc. — uncertain. 

(-) . — A hyphen indicates composition. 

(-f-). — The plus sign indicates derivation by addition of a termination; the 
process originally, of course, was one of composition. 

reduced. — The word reduced indicates the loss of a stem vowel either in 
composition, derivation, or inflection. 

strengthened. — The word strengthened indicates a vowel change by which 
the length of a root vowel is increased ; as Vdiv., fDyau, Vsnu, fnau. 

weakened. — The word weakened means that a vowel has descended the 
vowel scale ; as from a to o or e t o to e or i t etc. 

p. — present participle. 

p.p. — past participle. 

p.f . — future participle. 

p. ger. — gerundive. 

abl. — ablative. 

dat. — dative. 

ace. — accusative. 

compar. — comparative. 

superl. — superlative. 

Italics. — Matter in Italics is for translation ; in Roman, is explanatory only. 



VOCABULARY. 



VOCABULARY. 



a ; see ab. 

ab (a, abs), [reduced case form of 
unc. stem: cf. Gr. ana; Eng. off, 
of], prep, with a.b\., azaay from (cf. 
ex, out of) . — Used of place, time, 
and abstract ideas, with words of 
motion, separation, and the like, 
from, off from ; dueite ab urbe ; 
a me abducere ; defendo a fri- 
gore. — With words not implying 
motion, on the side of, on. — Of 
succession, from, after, beginning 
with, since : omnes a Belo; nascor 
ab ; a primis mensibus. — Irregu- 
larly, from (out of) : agnae ab 
ovilibus. — With passives, by, on 
the part of. — Fig., from, in rela- 
tion to, in accordance with (cf. ex, 
de) : spectare ab annis. — Ad- 
verbial phrase : ab integro, afresh, 
anew. — With usque, all the way 
from ; see usque. 

abactus, -a, -um, p.p. of abigo. 

Abaris, -is, [Gr. "AjSapis], m., a war- 
rior in Turnus' army. 

Abas, -antis, [Gr."A;8as], m. : i. A 
mythic king of Argos, grandson 
of Danaus, possessor of a famous 
shield which was sacred to Juno* 
whence the use of his name in 
JEn. iii. 286 ; 2. A companion of 
/Eneas ; 3. An Etrurian hero. 

abditus, -a, -um, p.p. of abdo. 

abdo [ab-do (put)], -didl, -ditum, 
-dere, 3. v. a.., put away, remove. — 
With reflexive, go away, take one's 
self off, withdraw, retire. — Also, 
hide; conceal : (with dat.) lateri 
abdidit ensem. i.e., plunged the 
sword deeply into his side. — With 
reflexive, conceal or hide one's self 



by withdrawing, ivithdrazv and 
hide, hide away. 

abduco, -xi, -ctum, -cere, [ab- 
duco], 3. v. a., lead or conduct azvay 
or from ; take or bring with one: 
coloni abducti. — drazo back or 
away : capita ab ictu. — carry 
off or away, get away. 

abductus, -a, -um, p.p. of abdueo. 

Abella (Av-), -ae, f., Abella or 
Avella ; a. town of Campania (now 
Avella Vec chia) famous for its fruit. 

abeo, Ivi or ii, itum, ire, [ab-eo], 
v. n., go from a place, &c, go 
away, depart, withdrazu,pass away, 
disappear, vanish, go dow?i. 

abfore ; see absum. 

abi, etc. ; see abeo. • 

abicio, -ieci, -iectum, -icere, [ab- 
iacio], 3. v. a., throw from or azvay, 
throw dozen. 

abiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of abicio. 

abies, -ietis, [?], f.,* fir or spruce, a 
coniferous tree. Also the zvood, a 
favorite material for shipbuilding 
and the like. — a ship (made of the 
wood), a spear-handle, a spear. 

abigo, -egi, -actum, -ere, [ab- 
ago], 3. v. a., drive away, dispel, 
remove : nox abacta. 

abitus, -us, [ab-itus], in. (abstr. of 
abeo), a going azvay, departure, 
retirement. — Concretely, an otttlet, 
place of egress, zuay of escape, escape. 

abiungo, -xi, -ctum, -gere, [ab- 
iungo], 3. v. a., unyoke, unhar- 
ness : iuvencum. 

abiuratus, -a, -um, p.p. of abiuro. 

abiuro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ab- 
iuro], 1. v. a., szvear off, abjure, — 
deny on oath : abiuratae rapinae. 



Vocabulary. 



ablatus, -a, -um, p.p. of aufero. 
abluo, -ul, -fitum, -uere, [abluo], 

3. v. a., wash off, out, or away : cae- 
dem. — reinove filth fro?n any thing 
by washing, cleanse, purify, zvash. 

ablatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ablno. 

abnego, -avl, -atum, -are, [ab- 
nego] , I . v. a., deny (with accessory 
notion of refusal) , refuse, deny : 
medicas adhibere manus. 

abnuo, -11I, -uitum or -utum, 
-uere (-uiturUs), [ab-nuo], 3. v. 
a. and n., make a sign ivith the head 
in token of refusal, refuse, deny, 
decline, forbid : omen. 

aboleo, -evi or -ul, -itum, -ere, 
[ab-oleo], 2. v. a. (properly, out- 
grow, but only used in the causative 
sense) , to destroy, cause to perish : 
monumenta. — Pass., die. — Fig., 
take away, extirpate, blot out, re- 
move, &c. : Sychaeum (from Dido's 
mind) . 

abolesco, -evi, no sup., -escere, 
[ab-olesco], 3. v. n. (outgrow), 
be destroyed, decay, waste, vanish, 

abreptus, -a, -una, p.p. of abripio. 

abripio, -ripul, -reptum, -ere, 
[ab-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch from 
or away, drag off, carry off, tear 
away or from. 

abrumpo, -rupi, -ruptum, -rum- 
pere, [ab-rumpo], 3. v. a. (in cau- 
sative sense), break off or away 
from, tear away, rend asunder, 
break aivay (clouds). — Of dis- 
course, &c, break off : sermonem. 
— Of law, &c, violate, traniple on : 
fas. — Of life, &c, tear -or rend 
away, destroy, put ah end to : vi- 
tam ; invisam lucem (abandon}; 
somnos cura (banish). — : abrup- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p., steep, precipi- 
tous, violent : procellae; abrupto 
sidere. — in abruptum, precipi- 
tously. 

abruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of ab- 
rumpo. 

abs, fuller form of ab (cf. ex, uls). 

abscessus, -us, [abs-fcessus, 
^/ced + tus], m.| a going away, 
departure. 



abscido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 

[abs-caedo], 3. v. a., cut off ur 
away, destroy. 

abscindo, -scidi, -scissum, -scin- 
dere, [ab-scindo], 3. v. a., cut or 
tear off ox away, tear apart, sever, 
rend • asunder : arva et urbes ; 
tear: flaventes abscissa comas ; 
tear* or rend atuay from one ; de- 
prive one of: umeris vestem. 

abscissus, -a, -um, p.p. of ab- 
scindo^ 

abscondo, -di and -didi, -ditum 
and -sum, -dere, [abs-condo], 
3. v. a., put away, put out of sight, 
secrete, conceal. — Pass, in reflex- 
ive force, of the heavenly bodies : 
hide, disappear, vanish, set: Atlan- 

' tides abscondantnr. — Of places 
as objects, lose sight of, leave be- 
hind: Phaeacum arces. — Fig., 
conceal, hide : furto fugam. 

absens, -entis, p. of absum. 

absilio,. -il or -ul, no sup., -Ire, 
[ab-salio], 4. v. n. and a., leap or 
spring azuay, fly off : scintillae. 

absisto, -stiti, no sup., -sistere, 
[ab-sisto], 3. v. n., stand away or 
apart from ; withdrazu, depart or 
go away, fly from. — Fig., desist 
or cease from, leave off, forbear, 
refrain (abs. or with inf.) : moveri. 

abstineo, -tinul, -tentum, -tinere, 
[abs-teneo], 2. v. a. and n., hold 
or keep away from ; hold or keep 
off. — With reflexive, restrain one's 
self, refraiit, keep off or away. — 
Without reflexive, refrain, abstain 
(abs. or with abl.) : tactu (refuse 

• to touch). 

abstractus, -a, -um, p.p. of abs- 
traho.^ 

abstraho, -xl, -ctum, here, [abs- 
traho], 3. v. a., draw or drag 
away, carry off. 

abstrudo, -usi, -usum, -udere, 
[abs-trudo], 3. v. a., thrust away, 
hide, conceal. — With reflexive or 
in passive, hide or conceal on/s self 

abstrusus, -a, -um, p.p. of abs- 
trudo. 

abstuli ; see aufero. 



Vocabidaiy. 



absum, -ful, -esse, [ab-sum], (in- 
stead of abfui, abforem, etc., 
afui, aforem, etc., are ■ also 
found), v. n., be away from, be 
absent or distant (in place or 
time) : hinc aberat. — absens, 
-ntis, p. as adj., absent; away ; 
with adv. force, in one r s absence. 

absumo, -mpsi, -mptum (better 
than -msi, -mtum), -mere, [ab- 
sumo], 3. v. a., take away (to 
spend, or by spending, cf. sump- 
tus) ; devour, consume : mensas. 
— Of persons, kill, destroy, &c: 
me ferro. — Of property, &c, de- 
vour, consume : salus absumpta 
{gone) ; absumptae vires {ex- 
hausted, all used). 

absumptus, -a, -um (less correctly 
-nitus, etc.), p.p. of absumo^ 

abundans, -ntis, p. of abundo. 

abunde [fabundo-(ab-unda-f us)], 
adv., copiously, abundantly, in pro- 
fusion; in a very great or high 
degree, amply, in plenty, &c. — 
With gen. — noun or adj., plenty 
of, sufficient : fraudis. 

abundo, -avi, -atum, -are, [tab- 
undo-], 1. v. n.,fiow off, away, over- 
flow, i.e., be very abundant or nu- 
merous: to be ill abundance ; over- 
flow with ; to have an abundance 
or superabundance . — abundans, 
-ntis, p. as adj., abundans lactis. 

ab usque; see ab. 

Abydus (-dos), -1, [Gr. y A£u5os], 
f. and m., a town in Asia, opposite 
Sestos (now Avido), famous for 
its oysters. 

ac, reduced form of atque, wh. see. 

acalanthis,-idis,[Gr. a.KaXauOis'], f., 
the acala?ithis (perhaps the thistle- 
finch or gold-finch) , a small bird 
(fabled to have been changed from 
♦a girl of that name by the Muses, 
with whom she contended in song) . 

Acamas, -antis, [Gr. 'Afca^as], m., 
a son of Theseus and Phaedra, a 
hero in the Trojan war. 

acanthus, -1, [Gr. clkolvQos], m. and 
f. Masc, the plant beards-breech, 
beards-foot, or brank-ursine, of 



which the leaf conventionalized 
appears on Corinthian capitals. — 
Fem., the acanthus, a thorny ever- 
green tree in Egypt. 

Acarnan, -anis, [Gx'AKapvdu'], adj., 
ofAcarnania. — Masc, a native of 
that country. — Plur., the inhabi- 
tants, Acarnanians. 

Acarnania, -ae, [f. of adj. Acar- 
nanius], f., a province of central 
Greece (now Carnia). 

Acca, jae, f., a friend of Camilla. 

accedo (ad-), -cessi, -cessum, 
-cedere, (perf. ind. accestis for 
accessistis), [ad-cedo], 3. v. n., 
go towards, drazv near, approach, 
come to, visit (persons or things). 

— With ace. : scopulos. 
accelero (ad-), -avi, -atum, -are, 

[ad-celero], 1. v. a. and n. Act, 
hasten, accelerate. — Neut., haste, 
hasten, make haste. 

accendo (ad-), -di, -sum, -dere, 
[ad-fcando (cf. incendo and 
candeo)], 3. v. a., set on fire, kin- 
dle : tantum ignem. — Fig., in- 
flame a person or thing, set on fire, 
kindle, excite, fire, rouse : quos 
merita accendit Mezentius ira. 

accensus (ad-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
accendo. 

acceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of accipio. 

accerso, see arcessp. 

accessus (ad-), -us, [ad-fcessus, 
cf. abscessus], m. Abstr., a going 
to or near, an approach, entrance, 
access : ventorum. — Concr., an 
approach, an entrance. 

aceido (ad-), -cldi, no sup., -cl- 
dere, [ad-caedo], 3. v. a., cut into. 

— Of food, consume. — Of trees, 
hezv, cut, fell : ornas. 

accinctus (ad-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of accingo. 

accingo (ad-), -xi, -ctum, -gere, 
(inf. pass, accingier), [ad-cin- 
go], 3. v. a., gird on, gird around 
or about : lateri ensem. — Pass., 
gird one's self about with, gird on, 
arm one's self with ; accingitur 
ense ; accingier artes {have re- 
course to, as arms) ." — With abl. 



Vocabulary: 



of means, arm, equip, furnish, 
provide, &c. : paribus armis, — 
gird, i.e. prepare,- make ready. — 
With reflexive or in passive, pre- 
pare one's self, get ready, make 
one's self ready, &c. : se praedae 
accingunt. 

accio (ad-), -ivi, -itum, -Ire, [ad- 
cio, cf. cieo], 4. v. a., cause to 
coine or go to a person or place ; 
summon, call. 

accipio (ad-), -cepi, -ceptum, 
-cipere, [ad-capio], 3. v. a., take 
a person or thing to one's self, &c; 
take, receive: te gremio. — re- 
ceive or entertain as a guest, &c. : 
Aenean. — Gen., take, get, receive, 
attain, take in, take up : vulnera 
tergo ; vitam deorum ; aequora 
(of ships) ; me annus (/ enter 
upon); animum quietum; slc- 
cipe daque fidem. — Mentally, 
perceive, hear, observe, learn, re- 
ceive intelligence of anything: so- 
nitum. — take or regard a thing 
in any way; consider, interpret, 
explain. — accipere omen ; also, 
without omen : regard a thing as 
a {favorable) omen, take as an 
omen. — acceptus, -a, -um, p.p., 
acceptable, welcome. 

accipiter, -tris, [stem akin to ocior- 
stem akin to peto], m., a hawk, 

accisus, -a, -um, p.p. of accldo» 

accltus (ad-), -us, [ad-citus], m. 
(only in abl. sing.), a summoning, 
summons, call. 

accltus, -a, -um, p.p. of accio. 

accllnis (ad-), -e y [ad-fclinus 
(weakened), cf. clino],-adj., lean- 
ing, against or towards 9 leaning 
071 : arboris trunco. 

accllvis, -e, (-us, -a, -um), [ad + 
clivus (weakened)], 3.d).,sla7iti7ig 
upwards (opp. to de-clivis) ; in- 
clining upwards, ascendi7ig, up hill. 

accola (ad-), -ae, [ad-fcola (cf. 
incola)], comm., a dweller by or 
near a place; a neighbor, dwelling 
near by. 

accolo (ad-), -colul, -cultum, 
-colere, [ad-colo], 3. v. a. andn., 



dwell by or near. a. place, &c, with 
or without jicc. 

accommodo (ad-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [ad-commodo], \.N.2,.,fit 
or adapt*; adjust : lateri accom- 
modat ensem. 

accommodus (ad-), -a, -um, [ad- 
commodus], adj., suitable, fit: 
fraudi. 

accubo (ad-), -ul, -itum, -are, 
[ad-cubo], 1. v. n., lie, lie down 
or recline, at, by or 7iear : iuxta 
accubat. — Of shade, fall, 

accumbo (ad-), -cubui, -cubi- 
tum,* -cumbere, [ad-cumbo], 
3. v. n., lay one's self down upon, 
lie on ; recline (at table) : epulis 
divum. ^ 

accumulo (ad-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [ad-cumulo], 1. v. a., heap 
up07i, heap up, acciwiulate , load : 
animam donis. 

accurrS (ad-), -cucurrl and -cur- 
ri, -cursum, -currere, [ad-cur- 
ro], 3. v. n., run to, come to by ru7i- 
7ii7ig, hasten to. 

acer, -eris, n., the 77iaple. 

acer, -cris, -ere, [ v /ac + r i- s ]> a< ^J-> 
{sharp, poi7ited, edged), sharp .• 
sonitus. — Fig., viole7it, vehe77ie7it, 
stro7ig, passionate, lively, bitter, 
co7isii77ii7ig : dolor; metus. — Of 
intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, 
penetrati7tg, sagacious, shrewd. — 
Of moral qualities, in a good sense, 
active, arde7it, .spirited, zealous: 
Orontes ; acrior successu (171- 
spired) ; — in a bad sense, violent, 
hasty, hot, fierce, severe, fiery : 
equus. — Of things: arcus {pow- 
e7-ful). 

acerbo, no perf., -atum, -are, 
[facerbo-], I. v. a., to make harsh 
or bitter, to embitter , augment or 
aggravate anything disagreeable, 
&c. : crimen. 

acerbus, -a, -um, [acer + bus], 
adj., {pointed, sha7'p). — To the 
taste, or to the feelings, harsh, 
biting, salt, bitter. — Of persons, 
rough, repulsive, morose, viole7it, 
harsh, rigorous, hostile, severe. — 



Vocabulary. 



5 



, Neut-. plur. as adv., harshly, sourly, 
morosely, grimly, violently : tuens 
(furiously, bitterly) . — Of things, 
harsh, heavy, disagreeable, bitter, 
troublesojue, rigorous, grievous, 
sad. — Neut., calamity, misfortune. 
— Poetic, painful, viole?it, sad; 
causing pain (to others), afflictive, 
distressing. 

acernus, -a,-um, [acer+nus], adj., 
?nade of maple, maple- : trabes. 

acerra, -ae, [?], f., an incense-box. 

Acerrae, arum, f., a town of Cam- 
pania, near Naples (now Acerra). 

acervus, -I, [acer + vus], m., {a 
pointed mound), a heap. 

Acesta, -ae, (-e, -es), f., a town of 
Sicily, named after King Acestes 
(earlier Egesta, later Segesta) . 

Acestes, -ae, [Gr. 'A/ceo-T^s], m., a 
son of the river-god Crimisus by a 
Trojan woman Egesta, or Segesta. 
He received /Eneas as a kinsman. 

Achaemenides, -ae, [Gr. 'Axai/xe- 
vi5r/s],m., a supposed companion of 
Ulysses, left on the island of Sicily. 

Achaicus, -a, -um, [Gr. ' Ax&Xkos], 
adj., Achcean, Grecian. 

Achaiius, -a, -um, [Gf. 5 Axai'os] , adj ., 
Achcean, Grecian. — Fem. as subst., 
Achaia, a country in the northern 
part of the Peloponnesus, on the 
• Gulf of Corinth. — Less exactly, 
Greece. 

Achates, -ae, [Gr. 'Axottjs], m., the 
trusty squire of ^Eneas. 

Acheloius, -a, -um, [Gr 'AxeAouos] , 
adj., belonging to the river Acheloiis 
in Greece. 

Achelous, -I, [Gr. 'AxeAoSos], m., 
Acheloiis, a river of central Greece 
(now the Aspropotamo). 

Acheron, -ntis, [Gr. 'Axepewi/], m., 
a river in Epirus, which flows 
through the Lake Acherusia into 
the Ambracian Gulf (now the Ver- 
lichi or Delika). — Hence, a river 
in the infernal regions. — Also, the 
infernal regions, the world below. 

Acheruns, -untis, m., the infernal 
regions, the world below. 

Achilles, -is, (-1 or -el), [Dor. Gr. 



'AxtA^s], m., the famous hero of 
the Iliad, son of Peleus and Thetis. 

Achille us, -a, -um, [Gr ' Axt AAe* os] , 
adj., belonging or pertaining to 
Achilles, of Achilles, Achilles'. 

Achlvus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'AxaiFos (not 
found)], adj., Achcean, Grecian, 
Greek. — Plur., Achivi, -drum, 

• m., the Greeks. 

Aeldalia, -ae, [f. of adj. Acida- 
lius], f., a name of Venus from a 
fountain (Acidalius) in Bceotia. 

acidus, -a, -um, [lost stem faci- 
or faco- (cf. aciculus, aceo) + 
dus], adj., (pointed, sharp). — Of 
taste, sour, hard, acid : sorba. 

acies, -el, [ A /ac+ ies], f., (point), 
edge, sharp edge of a sword, sickle, 
&c. : acies ferri ; falcis. — Of sight, 
keen look ox glance, power of vision, 
the sight, the eye : geminas necte 
acies ; — brightttess of the heavenly 
bodies: stellis acies obtusa vi- 
detur. — line or order of battle, 
battle-array of land or sea forces; 
a similar line of boys ; an army 
drawn up in order of battle ; the 
action of troops drawn up in bat- 
tle-array ; a battle : acie certare ; 
an army : eoas acies. 

aclis, -idis, [Gr. ayKvXis'], f., a small 
javelin. 

Acmon, -onis, [Gr. "Ak/ulow'], m., a 
companion of yEneas. 

Acoetes, -is, [Gr. > AKoirrjs'], m., an 
armor-bearer of Evander. 

aconltum, -1, [Gr. a.Kovn.ov~\, n., 
aconite, wolf's-bane or monk's-hood 
(a poisonous* herb). 

Aconteus, -ei, [Gr. 'AKovrevs~\, m., 
a Latin warrior. 

acqttlro, see adquiro. 

Acragas, -antis, [Gr. , AKpdyas~\, m., 
a mountain and town in Sicily, 
called also Agrigentum (now Gir- 

_ ge?tti) . 

Acrisione, -es, [Gr. ''AKpicriuvrf], f., 
the daughter of Acrisius, i.e. Ddnae. 

Acrisione us, -a, -um, ^^pertain- 
ing to Acrisione : colon!. 

Acrisius, -1, [Gr. 'A/cpio-ios], m., 
Acrisius y fourth king of Argos, 



6 



Vocabulary, 



father of Danae, unintentionally 
killed by his grandson Perseus. 

Acron, -onis, m., an Etruscan war- 
rior slain by Mezentius. 

acta, -ae, [Gr. akrri] , f., the sea-shore. 

Actaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Aktcuos], 
adj., of Attica, Attic. — Masc. pi., 
Aetaei, the Athenians. 

Actias, -adis, [Gr. 'A/cnas], adj. f., 
Attic, Athenian. 

Actium, -I, (n. of Actius), [Gr. 
6.KTL0V, sea-coast], n., a promontory 
and town of Greece on the Ambra- 
cian Gulf, off which the great vic- 
tory of Octavius over Antony was 
gained. 

Actius, -a, -um, [Gr. &ktlos], adj., 
of Actium (prop, same word as 
Actium,' but used as adj. from it). 

Actor, -oris, [Gr. "AKrvf], m., a 
Trojan. 

actus, -a, -um, p.p. of ago. 

actus, -us, [-y/ag-j-tus], m., a driv- 
ing, impulse : fertur mons mag- 
nos actu. 

actutum [n. ace. of factutus (cf. 
coruutus)], adv., with speed, 
hastily, i?n?nediately, speedily, in- 
stantly. 

acuo, -ui, -utum, -ere, [facu-], 
3. v. a., make sharp, sharpen : fer- 
rum. — Fig., spur on, incite, drive 
on, rouse, disquiet : lupos ; curis 
mortalia corda. — ■ Of passions, 
rouse, excite : iras. — acutus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., sharpened, sharp 
(in all senses) : saxum ; hinni- 
tus {shrill). 

acus, -iis, [ y'ac + us], f., (a pointed 
thing), a needle: acu pingere 
{embroider). 

acutus, -a, -um, p.p. of acuo. 

ad [unc. case-form], prep, with ace, 
to, toward, against (cf. in). — Of 
motion, direction, and tendency 
in all senses : tendens ad sidera 
palmas; spectaread; respicead 
haec; canit ad auras (on the 
air) ; ad unum (to a man). — Of 
rest, near by, near to, at, by: erran- 
tem ad flumina ; ad Troiam ; ad 
lunam (= in the moonlight). — 



Mere end, purpose, or reference, 
to, for, in respect to, according to, 
on : ad frena leones (broken to 
the bity. — Of time, at. 

adactus, -a, -um, p.p. of adigo. 

adamas, -antis, [Gr. aSdfias, un- 
yielding'], m., adamant,Xhe. hardest 
of metals, supposed to be steel, 
used loosely for a hard material : 
solido adamante columnae. 

Adamastus, -I, [Gr. 'ABa/mao-ros], 
m., father of Achaemenides, and 
Ithacan. . 

adc-, see ace-. 

adcedo, see accedo. 

adcerso, see arcesso. 

addenseo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[ad-denseo], 2. v. a., thicken, close 
up : acies. Others read adden- 
sant. 

addlco, -xi, -ctum, -ere, [ad- 
dico], 3. v. a., (speak in favor of), 
award, adjudge, — deliver, make 
over, yield : me huic classi (sur- 
render). 

additus, -a, -um, p.p. of addo. 

addo,-didl,-ditum, -ere, [ad-do], 
3. v. a., put near, by, or to, add, 
attach, join : cognomen (give) ; 
se sociam ; noctem addens operi 
(employ in) ; addere gradum 
(pr.ess the pace) . — So : quadri- 
gae addunt se in spatia (consume 
the space). 

adduce^ -xi, -ctum, -ere, [ad- 
duco], 3. v. a., lead to, bring. — 
To one's self, draw back : arcus 
(draw) ; Sirtus (draza up, contract). 

adductus, -a,-um, p.p. of adduco. 

adedo, -esi, -esum, -edere, [ad- 
edo], 3. v. a., eat into, gnaw, eat 
up : favos stellio. — Of fire, con- 
sume, bum up. 

ademptus, -a, -um, p.p. of adimo. 

ademtus, see ademptus. 

adeo, -ii (-Ivl), -itum, -Ire, [ad- 
eo], v. n. and a., go to or towards, 
approach, accost. — With hostile 
intent, go against, attack, set upon. 
— Of things immaterial, enter on, 
arrive at, attain, incur : labores ; 
sales; astra. 



Vocabulary. 



adeo [ad-eo], adv., to that pointy to 
that .degree, so (in space, time, or 
degree): usque adeo turbatur; 
non obtusa adeo gestarrms pec- 
tora (to such a degree as is 
indicated by the context); nee 
sum adeo informis (so very) ; 
adeo consuescere multum. est 
(such power has habit). — "With 
weakened force, in fact, just, pre- 
cisely, really, indeed, full (with 
numbers) : haec adeo ex illo 
speranda fuerunt (just this) ; 
nee me adeo fallit (at all) ; iam 
adeo (just nozv) ; vix ' adeo 
adgnovit (really he could scarce- 
ly, &c.) ; nunc adeo (but just at 
this moment) ; teque adeo con- 
sule (and precisely in your con- 
sulship)-, totae adeo acies (ab- 
solutely eritire) ; haec adeo (this 
is just zuhat) . 

adesus, -a, -um, p.p. of adedo. 

adfabilis (aff-), -e, [adf a- (stem 
of adfor) + bilis], adj., to be spoken 
to, courteous : dictu (in speech). 

adf atus (aff-), -us, [ad-fatus], m., 
an address, accosting. — Less ex- 
actly, mode of address. 

adfatus (aff-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
adfor. 

adfecto (aff-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ad-facto, or fadfecto], i. v. a., 
(make for), strive for, aim at, grasp 
at, catch, seize : viam Olympo. 

adfero (aff), -tull (att), -latum 
(all-), ferre, bring to, bring: 
nonorem. — In pass., or with re- 
flexive, come, arrive. 

adficio (aff), -feci, -fectum, 
-ere, [ad-facio], 3. v. a., do to 
some oive, affect, treat. — With abl., 
treat with something, give some- 
thing to : pretio (to reward). 

adf igo (aff-), -f Ixf, -f Ixum, -ere, 
[ad-flgo], 3. v. a., fasten to, fix to 
or hi, fasten : radicem terrae ; 
flammam lateri. 

adfixus, (aff-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
adfigo. 

adflatus (aff), -a, -um, p.p. of 
adflo. 



adflictus (aff-), -a, -um, p.p. of 

adfligo. 
adfligo (aff-), -flixl, -flic turn, 

-ere, [ad-fligo], 3. v. 2,., (dash 
against), dash down, overthrow. — 
adflictus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
ruined, overwhelmed, wretched, 
miserable: vita; res. 

adflo (af), -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
flo] , I . v. a. and n., blow on, breathe 
on : me ventis. — inspire: adnata 
est numine dei. — breathe some- 
thing 071 one, bestow, impart : 
oculis adflarat honores. 

adfluo (aff-),-fluxi,-fluxum,-ere, 
[ad-fluo] , 3. v. n.,flow to, tozuards, 
or into. — Less exactly, pour in, 
flock to, throng to. 

adfor (aff-), -atis, -ari, [ad-for]-, 
speak to, address, acco-st. 

adf ore (aff-) ; see adsum. 

adfui; see adsum. 

adgero (agg-), essi, -estum, -erere, 
[ad-gero], 3. v. a., bear to, heap 
tipon : adgeritur tumulo tellus. 

adglomero (ag-), -avi, atum, 
are [ad-glomero], v. a. and n., 
roll together, gather together, heap 
up. — Of a band of men, jqin x at- 
tach themselves to : lateri adglo- 
merantnostro. — gather, crowd to- 
gether, close up : cuneis se coactis. 

adgnosco (ag-), -novi, -nitum, 
-ere, [ad-(g)nosco], 3. v. a., rec- 
ognize : matrem. 

adgredior (agg-), -gressus, -gre- 
di, [ad-gradior],v. dep.,^ to, ap- 
proach. — attack, assault: turrim. 
— accost : aliquem dictis. — Seize 
upon, lay hold of (cf. "go at") : 
hastilia. — Fig., undertake (with 
inf.). 

adgressus (agg-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
adgredior. 

adhaereo, -haesi, -haesum, -ere, 
[ad-haereo], 2. v. n., stick to, 
cleave to, hang on, adhere : sudor. 

adhibeo, -buf, -bitum, -ere, [ad- 
habeo], 1. v. a., have by or near, 
apply, turn, employ, adopt : manus 
medicas ad vulnera \ animos ; 
hos castris socios (secure). — 



8 



Vocabulary. 



Esp., invite to a banquet, invite : 
Penates. 

adhuc [ad-huc, cf. ad-eo], adv., 
to this point. — Of place, time, or 
degree, neque adhuc {jiever thus 
far, never yet) . — still, yet, longer : 
quis adhuc precibus locus ? 

adicio (adj-), -iecl, -iectum, -ere, 
[ad-iacio], 3. v. a., throw to or at. 
— Fig., add. 

adigo, -egi, -actum, -ere, [ad- 
ago], 3. v. a., drive to, force, send, 
hurl, plunge : me fulmine ad um- 
bras ; alte volnus adactum(dfe<?//p 
planted). — Fig., force, impel, com- 
pel, bring (force), drive. — With 
inf., oblige: vertere morsus in 
exiguam Cererem. 

adimo, -emi, -emptum, -ere, [ad- 
emo {take)~\, {take at or by), take 
from or away: lumen ademp- 
tum {put out). — Fig., soninos 
{deprive of). 

aditus, -us, [ad-itus], m. Abstr., 
a going in, approach, access. — 
Concr., an entrance, approach, 
?ueans of access, way of approach. 

adiunctus, -a, -um, p.p. of ad- 
iungo. 

adiungo, -unxi, -unctum, -ere, 
[ad-iungo], 3. v. a., join to, fas- 
ten, yoke, harness, attach: ulmis 
vites. — Fig., place beside, attach : 
lateri castrorum adiuncta clas- 
sis. — Less exactly, add, state 
further. 

adiuro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
iuro], 1. v. a., swear to, swear. — - 
With^acc, swear by: caput fontis. 

adiuvo, -iuvi, iutum, -are, [ad- 
iuvo], 1. v. a. and n., give help to, 
aid, assist, help. 

^adlabor (all-), -lapsus, -labl, 
[ad-labor], 3. v. dep., fall to or 
towards, glide to or toivards, ap- 
proach jor reach (with smooth or 
sliding motion) : viro .adlapsa 
sagitta.^ 

adlacrimo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
lacrimo], 1. v. n., weep. 

adlapsus*(all-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
adlabor. 



adligo (all-), -avi, -atum, -are, 

[ad-ligo], i. v. a., bind or- tie to, 
bind, fasten, moor: ancora naves. 

— Fig., detain, confine. 
adloquor (all-), locutus, -loqui, 

[ad-loquor], v. dep., speak to, ad- 
dress, accost, pray to : deos. 

adludo (all-), -lusi, -lusum, -ere, 
[ad-ludo], 3. v. a. and n., play 
with, or tit ; refer in jest, jest. 

adluo (all-), -liii, -ere, [ad-luo], • 
3. v. a., wash against, wash (of a 
river or sea). 

admlrandus, -a, -um, part, of ad- 
miror, used as adj. 

admlror, -atus, -ari, [ad-miror], 
I. v. dep., wonder at, be surprised, 
admire, marvel at, gaze with sur- 
prise or admiration. — admlran- 
dus, -a, -um, ger. as adj., ad- 
mirable, marvellous, wonderful. 

— admlrans, p. as adj., admir- 
ing, with surprise, with admira- 
tion. 

admisceo,-iscul, -ixtum (-istum), 
ere, [ad-misceo], 2. v. a., mix 
with, intermingle, • unite with : 
stirpem Phrygiam. — Less ex- 
actly*, of persons, a-dd to, unite, 
intermingle, join. 

admlsti, coiitr. perf. of admitto. 

admissus, -a, -um, p.p. of admitto. 

admitto, -mlsi, -missum, -ere, 
[ad-mitto], 3. v. a., let go to, ad- 
mit, allow to approach, let in. 

admoneo, -nul, -nitum, ere, [ad- 
moneo], 2. v. a., give warning to, 
admonish, warn, remind, suggest. 

— With inf., decedere campis. — 
Less exactly, urge 011 : telo ad- 
monuit biiugos. 

admordeo, -momordi, -morsum, 
-ere, [ad-mordeo], 2. v. a., bite 
into, gnaw : admorsa stirpe. 

admorsus, -a, -um, p.p. of ad- 
mordeo. 

admoveo, -movi, -motum, -ere, 
[ad-moveo], 3. v. a., move to, con- 
duct, apply, bring to : te vent us 
{waft)-, admorunt ubera tigres 
{offer, give suck). 

admoram, etc. ; see admoveo. 



Vocabulary. 



adnisus (ann-), -a, -urn, p.p. of 
adnitor. 

adnitor (ann-), -nisus (-nlxus), 
-ti, [ad-nitor], 3. "v. a., struggle to, 
towards, .or against, lean against, 
support one^s self by, lean on : cu- 
bito.— Fig., struggle for, strive, 
exert one's self 

adnlxus (ann-), -a, -urn, p.p. of 
adnitor. 

adno (ann-), -avi-, -atum, -are, 
[ad-no], 1. v. a., swim to, float to : 
terrae. 

adnuo, -ui, -Stum, -uere, [ad- 
nuo], 3. v. n. and a., nod to, nod. 
— Act., indicate by a nod, nod(\x'vC§. 
inf.) . — Xeut., 7iod assent, assent, 
agree: petenti. — With inf., grant, 
permit, vellere signa. — So of ap- 
proval, approve, favor: audacibus 
coeptis. — proinise (by a nod). 

adoleo, -ui, -ultum, -ere, [ad- 
oleo], 2. v. a. {add by growth ; cf. 
adolesco) . — Fig., magnify (in 
religious language), sacrifice to : 
flammis adolere Penatis. — 
Transferred, bum, kiiidle, light, 
sacrifice : verbenas pinguis ; 
honores ; altaria taedis. 

adolesco (adul-), -evl, (-ul), 
-ultum, -ere,[ad-olesco],2.v. n., 
grow up, mature : prima a etas. 
— Fig. (relig. term), be kindled, 
burn, flafne : ignibus arae. — 
adultus, p.p., grown up, mature, 
full grown, adult : fetus. 

Adonis, -is, (-idis), [Gr. *hZuv, 
"ASwws], m., a youth beloved by 
Venus. He was changed by her 
into a flower, and supposed to be 
mourned by her at a yearly sacred 
day in spring. 

adoperio, -erul, -ertum, -Ire, [ad- 
operio], 4. v. a., cover over, cover. 

adopertus, -a, -um, p.p. of ado- 
perio. 

adoreus (-ins), -a, -um, [ador-f- 
eus], adj., of spelt (a peculiar ce- 
real used by the Romans as food, 
Triticum spelta) : liba. 

adorior, -ortus, -Iri, (cf. orior), 
. [ad-orior], 4. v. dep., rise up 



against (perhaps from ambush), 
attack. — Less exactly, accost. — 
Fig., enter upon, take up, under- 
take, attefnpt, essay (with inf.). 

adoro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad-oro], 
I. v. a., pray to, worship, adore. 
— Less exactly, beg, intreat, im- 
plore :' vos adoro. 

adortus, -a, -um, p.p. of adorior. 

adpareo (app-),'-ui, -itum, -ere,. 
[ad-pareo], 2. v. n., appear at 
some place, appear. — Fig., be visi- 
ble, ma7iifest, evide7it, appare7it. 

adparo (app-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ad-paro], 1. v. a., prepare for, 
77iake ready for, put i7i order, pro- 
vide. — Fig., prepare, be ready, 
?7iake ready, be about (with inf.). 

1. adpello (app-), -pull, -pulsum, 
-pellere, [ad-pello], 3. v. a., drive, 
77iove, bri7ig to or towards. — With 
navem (or alone), bri7i° to la7id, 

la7ld. 

2. adpello (app-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [akin to 1. adpello, but difT. 
formation], I. v. a., address, speak 
to, accost (cf . adgredior) . — 7ia77ie, 
call, hail: Acesten victor em. 

adpeto. (app-), -Ivl or -il, -itum, 
-ere, [ad-peto], 3. v. a. and n.,fall 
up07i, attack, assail : ferro cae- 
lestia corpora. 

adplico (app-), -avi or -ui, -atum 
or -itum, -are, [ad-plico], i.v. a. 
and n. {fold up07i), joi7i,fix, fas- 
te7i, attach, gird 071 : ensem. — 
Fig., drive, force, bring to (nauti- 
cal term). 

adpono (app-), -posui, -positum, 
-ponere, [ad-pono], 3. v. a., put, 
place at, beside, or 7iear, se7've up, 
serve, .supply (of food) : pabula 
(for bees) . 

adqulro (ac-), sivi, situm, rere, 
[ad-quaero], 3. v. a., get or pro- 
cure i7i additio7i, add to, acquire : 
viresque adquirit eundo. 

Adrastus, -I, [Gr. "ASpa<TTos~\, m., a 
king of Argos, father-in-law of 
Tvdeus. 

adrectus, -a, -um, p.p. of adrigo. 

adreptus, -a, -um, p.p. of adripio. 



ro 



Vocabulary. 



Adriacus,-a,-um; see Hadriacus. 

adrigo (arr-), -rexi, -rectum, 
-rigere, [ad-rego], 3. v. a., set tip, 
raise, erect : leo comas ; adrectus 
in digitos {rising on) ; currus 
{tipped up, with the poles in .the 
air) ; aures {prick up) ; adrectis 
auribus {listening) ; adrecti oculi 
{staring). — Fig., rouse, excite: 
animum {encourage) . 

adripio (arr-), -ripuf, -rep turn, 
-ripere, [ad-rapio] , 3. v. a., snatch, 
catch, seize, grasp : hanc terram 
velis {make for). 

adscendo (asc-), -scendi, -scen- 
sum, -scendere, [ad-scando], 
3. v. n. and a., ascend, mount zip, 
climb: collem. 

1. adscensus, -a, -urn, p.p. of ad- 
scendo. 

2. adscensus, -us, [ad-fscansus], 
m. ascending, ascent. 

adscio (asc-), no perf., no sup., 
-scire, [ad-scio], 4. v. a., take to 
one's self, receive, admit. 

adscisco (asc-), adscivi, adsci- 
tum, adsclscere, [ad-fscisco], 
3. v. a. inch., receive, admit, adopt. 
— Fig., take or draiu to one's self, 
receive, take, adopt, appropriate. 

1. adsensus (ass-), -a, -vim, p.p. 
of assentio and assentior. 

2. adsensus (ass-), -us, [ad-sen- 
sus], m., an assenting, assent, 
agreement, approval, assent to or 
belief in any thing. — Esp. (with 
expression), assent, approbation, 
sign of assent. — Fig., echo (as 
answering in accord). 

adsentio (ass-), -sensi, -sensum, 
sentire, [ad-sentio], 4. v. n. {think 
in accordance with), assent, give 
assent, approve. 

adservo (ass-), -avi,.-atum, -are, 
[ad-servo], 1. v. a. {tvatih over), 
guard ivith care, preserve, protect, 
defend. — In hostile sense, guard, 
watch^over, keep in custody. 

adsideo (ass-), -sedi, -sessum, 
-ere, [ad-sedeo], 2. v. a. and n., sit 
by or near. - — Act., besiege, belea- 
guer : muros hostis. 



adsidue (ass-), adv. [abl. of ad- 
siduus], continually, constantly, 
incessantly, persistently. 

adsiduus, -a, -um, [ad-fsiduus 
(ysed-f uus)], adj. {sitting by). 
Fig., permanent, constant, increas- 
ing, perpetual, incessant : sal (of 
the waves) ; voces ; fuligo. 

adsimilis (ass-), -e, [ad-similis], 
adj., like, resembling, sifnilar. 

adsimulo (ass-), -avl, -atum, -are, 
[ad-simulo] , I. v. a. {make like), 
compare, likett. — copy, imitate. — 
counterfeit : clipeum divini capi- 
tis ; formam adsimulata Camerti 
. {asswning the form) . 

adsisto (as-), -titi, no sup., -sis- 
tere, [ad-sisto], 3. v. n., stand at, 
by, or near : super {stand over). 

adspecto, -avl, -atum, -are, [ad- 
specto], 1. v. a. intens., gaze at 
(with some emotion). — Fig., of a 
place, look towards, look out on, lie 
tozuards, lie opposite. 

i. adspectus, -a, -um, p.p. of ad- 
spieio. 

2. adspectus (asp-), -us, [ad-spec- 
tus], m. Act., a seeing, looking 
at; a glance, look ; the faculty or 
sense of seeing, sight. — Pass., visi- 
bility, appearance. — Of things, 
appearance, look. 

adspergo (asp-), -ersl, -ersum, 
-ergere,[ad-spargo], 3. v. 3... scat- 
ter, cast, strew, spread: pecori 
virus. — Less exactly, strew, sprin- 
kle about : sapores. — Transferred, 
bestrew, strew (with something), 
sprinkle, bedeiv. 

adspergo (aspargo), -inis, [ad- 
fspargo- (Vsparg + 0)], f., a 
sprinkling, besprinkling. — Concr., 
drops, spray. 

adspernor, -atus, -arl, [ad- (or ab-) 
spernor], 1. v. dep. {spurn from 
one's self). — Fig., disdain, reject, 
despise : haud adsperrianda {not 
to be despised, not despicable). 

adspersus, -a, -um, p.p. of ad- 
spergo. 

adspicio (asp-), -exi, -ectum, 
-icere, [ad-specio], 3. v. a. and 



Vocabulary. 



II 



n., took upon or at, behold, see.— 
Esp., look with respect, admiration, 
or regard : aspice nos {regard). 
— Neut, look, glance : aspice ! 
(see !). — Act., catch sight of, espy. 

adspiro (asp-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ad-spiro], I. v. n. and a. Neut., 
breathe or blow to or upon : Auster 
in altum. — Fig., be favorable, 
assist, smile on-: labori. — Of 
winds, blow : aurae in noctem 
{blow on into the night). — aspire 
to : equis Achillis (poet. dat. for 
ad). — Act., breathe something up- 
on : ventos eunti (of Juno). — 
Fig., canenti (inspire). — infuse, 
instil, impart : dictis amorem. — 
Of odors : amaracus (breathe its 
fragrance). 

adsto (ast-), -stiti, -stitum, -are, 
[ad-sto], i. v. n., stand at, by, or 
near: adstitit oris (reached). — 
Less exactly, stand up, stand out. 

adstringo (ast-), -inxi, -ictum, 
-ingere, [ad-stringo], 3. v. a., 
bind, tie, ox fasten, to, bind. 

adsuesco (ass-), -evi, -etum, 
-escere, [ad-suesco], 3. v. a. and 
n., accustom to : ne tanta animis 
adsuescite bella (become accus- 
tomed in your thoughts). — Neut., 
become accustomed, be wont (with 
inf.). — Pass., be accustomed or 
habituated: silvis. 

adsuetus (ass-), -a, -urn, p.p. of 
adsuesco. 

adsultus, -us, [ad-saltus], m., a 
bounding towards. — an attack, 
assault. 

adsum(ass-), -fui (aff-), -futurus 
(aff-), -esse, [ad-sum], be at, 
near, or by, be here, be. there, be in, 
be present : coram adest (is here 
before you). — Esp., with idea of 
assisting (cf. "stand by"), aid, 
assist, defend, favor. — In special 
sense, come (and b.e present), ap- 
proac\: hue ades (come hither). 

adsurgo (ass-), -rexi, -rectum, 
-gere, [ad-surgo], 3. v. .n., rise 
up, lift one's self up. — Esp., rise 
up out of respect, pay respect, 



(fig.) , yield the palm to. — Of things, 
mount or rise in height, ^ increase 
in size, stand (of high objects) : 
turres. — rise (in the heavens) : 
Orion. — rise up'\Vi or for some- 
thing: querelis (break out in). — 
Of degree, increase, rise : irae. 

adulter, -era, -erum, [ad-ulter ; 
cf. ultra, etc.], adj. (going beyond, 
abroad, with special sense of il- 
licit love). — Masc, a paramour. 

adulterium, -i, [adulter + ium, 
n. of -ius], n., adultery. 

adultus, -a, -um, part, of adolesco. 

aduncus, -a, -urn, [ad-uncus], 
adj., hooked towards one, curved 
inward: rostrum.— Less exactly, 
curved upzvards. 

aduro, -ussi, -ustum, -ere, [ad- 
uro], 3. v. a., burn into, scorch, 
singe, parch, dry up. — From simi- 
lar effect, nip, freeze, bite (with 
frost). 

ad usque ; see ad. 

advectus, -a, -um, p.p. of advelio. 

adveho, -vexi, -vectus, -ere, [ad- 
veho], 3. v. a., carry to, convey, 
bear: advecta classis (by the 
winds) , — Pass.,£0 by any convey- 
ance, ride, sail, arrive, reach. — 
With reflexive (rarely alone), go 
to, arrive, reach. 

advelo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
velo], I. v. a., cover over, wrap, 
encircle, surround, deck : tempora 
lauro. 

advena, -ae, [ ad- f vena ; cf. ad- 
venio], m., one who arrives, a 
stranger, foreigner, neiv-comer, 
chance-comer. — In adj. sense, for- 
eign : exercitus. 

adveuio, -veni, -ventus, -Ire, [ad- 
venio], 4. v. n., come to, arrive at, 
arrive, reach : Tyriam urbem. 

advento, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
vento], 1. v. n., come to often, fre- 
quent. — Less exactly, come, arrive. 

adventus, -us, [a % d-f ventus ; cf. 
eventus], m., a coming to, arri- 
val, approach, coining. 

adversatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ad- 
versor. 



12 



Vocabulary, 



adverser, -atus, -ari, [ad-versor], 
I. v. dep., turn or act against, op- 
pose, resist, withstand ; non ad- 
versata petenti {refusing).- 

adversus, -a, -um, p.p. of adverto. 

adversus, prep. ; see adverto. 

adverto, -vertl, -versus, -ere, 
[ad-verto], 3. v. a. — Act, turn 
towards or. against : pedem ripae. 
— Pass., or with reflexive, turn, di- 
rect one's course. — Less exactly, 
direct, steer, sail : classem in por- 
tum. — Fig., turn, direct : numen 
malis. — With animum or animo 
{turn the mind or turn with the 
mind), notice, recognize; attend to, 
give heed, heed, give ear (with or 
without object) : animis advertite 
vestris. — adversus, -a, -um, 
p.p., turned towards, facing, in 
front: obluctus adversae arenae 
{against the sand) ; sol adversus 
{opposite)-, flumine {up a river), 
—Also, opposing, unfavorable^ hos- 
tile, adverse: venti adversi. — 
in adversum, adv., against. — 
adversus, as prep, with ace, 
against. 

advoco, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
voco], 1: v. a., call to one, sum- 
mon. — Less exactly, call to one's 
aid, call for : arma. 

advolo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ad- 
volo], fly to, come flying : fama. 

advolvo, -volvl, -volutus, -ere, 
[ad-volvo], 3. v. a., roll to or 
towards, roll up : ulmos. 

adytum, -i, [Gr. aZvrov (unap- 
proachable)^, n., the sanctuary of a 
temple, inner shrine whence ora- 
cles were delivered. — Less exactly, 
of a tomb as a temple of the Ma- 
nes : ex imis adytis (recesses). 

Aeacides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], 
m., son ofsEacus (Achilles and his 
son Pyrrhus, and Perseus). 

Aeaeus, -a, -um, adj., of yfta, an 
island of the river Phasis, in 
Colchis. 

aedes, -is, f. [cf. aestas, and aldos, 
fire], (lit., fireplace), temple. — 
Plur., apartments, house: cavae 



aedes (the interior rooms). So 
of bees, hive, home. 
aedifico, -avi, -atum, -are, [faedi- 
fic-, cf. opifex], 1. v. a., be a 

house-builder, build. — Less exact- 
ly, of other things, construct: 
equum. 

Aegaeon, -onis, [Gr. AfycuW], m. 
a giant, called also Briareus, who 
attempted to scale the heavens. 

Aegaeus (-eus), -a, -um, adj. [Gr. 
Alycuos~] , yEgean (i.e. of the ^Ege- 
an Sea, between Greece and Asia 
Minor) : Neptunus. — Neut.,with 
or without mare, the ALgean Sea. 

aeger, -gra, -grum, adj., (-rior, 
-rimus), [unc. r'oot + rus], sick, 
weak, ill, suffering, weary, worn, 
feeble. — Fig., sick at heart, troub- 
led, sad, dispirited, dejected : mor- 
tales. — Transferred, feeble, sad, 
sorrowful, unfortunate : anheli- 
tus ; amor. _ 

Aegeria, see Egeria. 

aegis, -idis, [Gr. aiyis] , f., the cegis 
(shield or breastplate) of Zeus, 

• worn also by Pallas. 

Aegle, -es, [Gr. AlyXrj'], f., a Naiad. 

Aegon, -onis, [Gr. Afy«i/.], m., a 
shepherd. 

aegre [abl. of aeger], adv., zueakly, 
with difficulty, hardly, scarcely. 

aegresco, -ere, [faegre- (stem of 
aegreo) + sco] , 3. v. z..,grow sick, 
sicken. — Fig., grow worse, in- 
crease : violentia Turni. 

Aegyptius, -a, -um, [Gr. kXyv-n- 
tlos], adj., of Egypt, Egyptian : 
coniunx (Cleopatra, called wife 
of Antony). 

Aegyptus, -I, [Gr. Alyvirros], f., 
Egypt. 

Aemonides, see Haemonides. 

aemulus, -a, -um, [faemo + lus, 
cf. imitor], adj. In good sense, 
vying withy emulating, rivalling: 
patriae lau.dis. — In bad sense, 
envious, jealous, grudging : Tri- 
ton. — Transf., of things, grudg- 
2//£\ : .senectus. 

Aeneades, -ae, [Gr. patronymic 
from Aeneas], m., descendant of 



Vocabulary. 



13 



jEneas. — Plur., the Trojans, his 
companions. 

Aeneas, -ae, [Gr. AiVeias], m., the 
hero of the /Eneid. See Silvius. 

Aeneis, -idis, [adj. of Gr. form],f., 
the Alneid, Virgil's great epic. 

Aeneius, -a, -um, [borrowed or 
imitated form from Gr. adj.], adj., 
belonging to JEneas, of JEneas. 

Aenldes, -ae, m., son of JEneas. 

aenus (ahe-), -a, -uni, [aes+nus], 
adj., of copper or bronze, copper, 
bronze : fa-Ices ; lux (such as 
bronze gives). — Xeut., copper or 
bronze kettle, kettle.; litore .aena* 
'locant. 

Aeolides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic 
from Aeolus], m., son of ALolus. — 
Esp., Sisyphus, Ulysses (as the son 
of Sisyphus) . — Surname of Cly- 
tius, a warrior under Turnus. — Sur- 
name of Misenus (perhaps as son 
of 2. yEolus). 

Aeolius, -a, -una, [Gr. AioAios, from 
AtoAos], adj., belonging to sEolus. 
— Fern., JEdlia, the country of 
the winds, a group of islands off 
the Italian coast (now Lipari 
Islands). 

Aeolus, -1, .[Gr. AfoAos], m. : I. The 
god of the winds ; 2. A companion 
of /Eneas. 

aequaevus (-os), -a, -um (-om), 
[faequo-aevo (stem of aevum)], 
adj., of equal age. 

aequans, -e, [f aequo (reduced) + 
alis], adj., even, equal, of like size : 
corpus. — Of degree of amount, 
&c, like, equal ; aevum. — In age, 
coeval, of same age: catervae. — 
Masc, comrade, crony. 

aequatus, -a, -um, p.p. of aequo, 

aeque (-ins, .-Issime), [abl. of 
aequus], adv., evetily, equally, 
justly. 

Aequi, see Faliscus. 

Aequiculus, -a, -um, [fAequico + 
lus], adj., JEquian, belonging to 
the sEqtd (a people of Italy). 

aequiparo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[faequo-par (as if fparo)], i.v.a., 
make equal. — equal, match. 



aequo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fae- 
quo-], 1. v. a. and n., make equal, 
equalize: labor em partibus iustis 
{divide)-, caeloaequatamachina 
{raised to) ; nocti luclum (pro- 
long through) ; aequare caelo 
{extol to) . — equal : ducem va- 
dentem (keep pace with) ; lacri- 
mis labores (do justice to). — 
aequatus, -a, -um, p.p., level, 
uniform, even, regular: aurae; 
aequatis velis (before the zuind) . 

aequor, -oris, [unc. root (in ae- 
quus) + or], n., (the level), the 
smooth sea. — Less exactly, the sea, 
the waves : pascentur in aequore 
cervi; — thesurfaceoi other waters; 

— also, a level plain, a field. 
aequoreus, -a, -um, [aequor + 

eus] i adj., of the sea, sea-, watery : 
genus (tribes of the sea). 
aequus (-os), -a, -um (-om),(-ior, 
-issimus), [?], adj., even, equal, 
level. — Xeut., a plain, a level. — 
Fig., fair, equitable, just, impar- 
tial, kindly, favorable : oculi ; ae- 
quo, foedere amantes (with re- 
quited love); aequius fuerat; 
aequo Marte (on equal terms, in 
a drawn battle) ; aer (wholesome). 

— Xeut., justice, equity. — Of feel- . 
ings, calm, tcnmoved, tranquil, 
resigned . sorti. — With reference 
to something else implied, equal : 
pars (to the other). 

aer, -eris, [Gr. d^p], m., the air 
(nearer the earth than aether). 

— Less exactly, cloud, mist. — 
•Poetically: summus . . . arboris 

(the top) . 

aeratus, -a, -um, [aes (as if faera-) 
+ tus, cf. armatus], adj., pro- 
vided with bronze, bronze - clad, 
bronze -plated : . postes ; navis ; 
acies (mail-clad) . 

aereus, -a, -um, [aes- (r for s) + 
eus], adj., brazen, of bronze, bronze, - 
copper : cornua. — Less exactly, 
. bronze- or copper-clad : clipeus. 

aeripes, -edis, [aes (as if faeri) 
-pes], adj., bronze -footed. 

aerius, -a, -um, [aer+ ius], adj., 



14 



Vocabulary. 



belonging to the air, aerial : mel 
(from heaven) ; palumbes (of the 
air) . — Less exactly, aerial, lofty ; 
ulmus. 

aes, aeris, [?], n., copper, bronze 
(an alloy of copper and tin). — 
Things made of bronze, trumpet, 
beak, cymbals, statues, arms, &c. 
— Esp., money. 

aesculus (esc-), -I, [faesco (per- 
haps ^fed + cus) + lus], f., oak 
(of a particular kind), Quercus 
esculus. 

aestas, -atis, [stem akin to aedes 
+ tas] , f., (heat), summer, sum- 
mer air. 

aestifer, -era, -erum, [faestu 
(weakened) -fer (^/fer + us)], 
adj., heat-bringing, burning, hot. 

aestlvus, -a, -um, [faestu (re- 
duced) + ivus], adj., belonging to 
heat or summer, summer, hot. — 
N. plur. (sc. castraj, a summer 
ctimp. — Less exactly, a summer 
pasture, cattle (in pasture). 

aestuo, -avi, -atum, -are, [faes- 
tu- J, I. v. n., be hot, boil,, be agloiu: 
ager. — be heated, heat, be fired : 
umor. — From similarity, seethe, 
roll in waves, ebb and flow (cf. 
aestus, tide) , fluctuate : nebula 
specus (be filled with clouds of 
smoke); gurges ; in corde pudor. 

aestus, -iis, [root akin to' aedes + 
tus (cf. aestas)], m., heat, boil- 
ing, the sun. — From similarity, 
tide, sea, waves, roll (of fire), surge. 

aetas, -atis, [faevo -f tas], f., age 
(young or old) : ambo norentes 
aetatibus ; firmata (mature). — 
Esp., old age, age. — Less exactly, 
time, lapse of time. — Fig., an age, 
a generation. 

aeternus, -a, -um, [faevo + ter- 
nus, cf. hesternus], adj., everlast- 
ing, eternal, enduring, inunortal, 
undying : ignes ; vulnus ; im- 
peria. — Adv. phr., in aeternum, 
aeternum, for ever, eternally, 
unceasingly. 

aether, -eris, [Gr. alO-qp ; same 
root as aestas], m., the upper air 



(conceived as a fiery element), 
the ether. — the sky, the heavens, 
heaven. — the atmosphere, the air, 
the open air (opp. to the lower 
world). — Personified, the Sky (Ju- 
piter). 

aetherius, -a, -um, [f aether + ius], 
adj., belonging to the ether or upper 
air, heavenly, celestial. — of the air, 
of the sky : plaga ; aura (of the 
air, opp. to the world below). 

Aethiops, -opis, [Gr. Aidio\p'], m., an 
Ethiopian (inhabitant of Africa). 

Aethon, -onis, [Gr. AWouy, burn- 
ing'], m., (originally, no doubt, a 
name of one of the horses of the 
sun),' a horse of Pallas. 

aethra, -ae, [Gr. AWpa, cfT aether], 
f., clear weather, clear sky. 

Aetna, -ae,[Gr. Atrvrf], f., Mt. Etna, 
the famous volcano in Sicily (now 
Monte- Gibello) . 

Aetnaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Alrvaios'], 
adj ., belonging to Mt. Etna, of Etna: 
fratres (the Cyclops) . — Less ex- 
actly, Etjiaean, Etna-like, fire- 
belching : ignes; antra. 

Aetolia, -ae, (f. of adj.), a district 
of Central Greece ; see Aetolus. 

Aetolus, -a, -um, [Gr. AlrwAos], 
adj., Aetolian, of Aetolia : urbs 
(Arpi, built by Diomedes) . — Masc. 
plur., the inhabitants of ALtolia, 
sE to Hans. 

aevum, -I, [^/i (increased) + vum 
(n. of -vus)], n., age (young or 
old), life : integer aevi sanguis 
(fresh blood of youth) ; aequum 
(the same age). — Esp., old age, 
age. — Less exactly, any season or 
period of life. — an age, a genera- 

k Hon (in.both senses as in Eng.). 

Afer, -fra, -frum, [?], adj., Afri- 
can. — Masc. plur., the Afr ica ivs, 
inhabitants of Africa. 

aft-, see adf-. 

affore, see adsum. 

affoi, etc., see adsum. 

Africus, -a, -um, [ f afro -f cus], 

■ adj., African. — Masc, the S. IV. 
wind (blowing from that region). 
— Fern., the country Africa. 



Vocabulary, 



15 



Agamemnonius, -a, -um, [Gr. 
3 Ayafxe^v6vios~\, adj., of Agamem- 
non : phalanges (the forces under 
him at Troy) . 

Aganippe, -es, [Gr. ^ KyoA^irr^ , f., 
a fountain in Boeotia, a favorite 
resort of the Muses. 

Agathyrsus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Aya- 
dvp(Tos~], adj. Only in plur., a peo- 
ple in Scythia. 

age, see ago. 

agellus, -i, [dim. fagro -f lus], m., 
a little field ox farm. 

Agenor, -oris, [Gr. 'Ay^z/cop], m., a 
' king of Phoenicia, father of Cad- 
mus and ancestor of Dido. 

ager, -ri, [^/ag + rus, cf. acre'], 
m . , a field. — PI ur . , t otis turbatur 
agris. — Collectively, land, soil. 

agger, -eris,[cf. adgero], m., {what 
is heaped zip), a mound, heap, 
levee, dyke, rampart, wall: Alpini 
{the Alps) ; viae (7/^ bed) ; tumu- 
li. — Less exactly, a drift of snow. 

aggero, 3. v. a., see adgero. 

agger o, -pvi, -atum, -are, [f ag- 
ger], I. v. a., heap up, pile up : 
cadavera. — Fig., gather, increase : 
iras. 

agglomero, see adglomero. 

aggredior> see adgredior. 

Agis, -idis, [Gr. * ' Ay is] , m., a Lycian 
warrior. 

agito, -avl, -atum, -are, [f agito, 
as if p. of ago], I. v. a. Freq. 

. of ago, drive violently or fre- 
quently. — hunt, pursue. — drive, 
tend. — Fig., rouse, move, drive : 
gentes. — trouble, vex, pursue, 
drive mad (esp. of the Furies), 
persecute. — Of abstract things, 
engage in, pursue, press on in : 
fugam. — pass, spend : aevum. — 
consider, revolve, meditate, be 
moved: mens agitat (with inf., 
is, moved to) . 

agitator, -oris, [fagita + tor], m., 
a driver, charioteer. 

agitatus, -a, -um, p.p. of agito. 

agmeo, -inis, [ -y/ag + men], n., 
a driving, a march, line of jn-arch, 
course, flow (of a stream), falling, 



fall (of rain), movement (of oars) . 

— The thing which moves, band, 
army, throng, flock : turba agmi- 
nis aligeri. — Phrase, agmine 
facto, in column (of attack). 

agna, -ae, [cf. agnus, m.], f., a ewe- 
lamb. 

agnosco, see adgnosco. 

agnus, -1, [cf. agna, f.], m., a lamb. 

ag§, egi, actum, -ere, [V a g]> 
3. v. a., drive, lead, drive away. 

. — Of living beings : capellas ; ali- 
quem pelago (force upon) ; acti 
fatis ; metus agit (inspires). — 
pursue, chase : apros. — With re- 
flexive (or without) : proceed, move, 
go. — Imp., age, agite, come, come 
on . — Fig. : Lucifer diem age 
(bring in) ; ratem (steer) ; nox 
acta horis. — Of things : tempes- 
tates actae (driving) ; venis 
acta sitis (coursing through) ; 
pinus ad sidera acta (towering 
up) ; sepalmes agit (bursts forth); 
undani (roll) ; vias (traverse) ; 
testudo acta (worked, forined). 

— With inf., urge, impeL — Of 
acts, do, act, perform : id ago 
(aim at)\ gemitum (raise). — 
Of time, pass, spend. — nullo dis- 
crimine agetur (shall be treated) . 

agrestis, -e, [unc. stem (prob. in t, 
cf. eques) + tis (cf. Carmen- 
tis)], adj., (of the field), belonging 
to the country (as opposed to the 
town), country, rustic, woodland : 
calamus. — Masc. and fern., a rus- 
tic, a countryman. — Less exactly, 
rough, rude, wild: poma. 

agricola, -ae, [f agro-f cola, cf. in- 
cola], m., cultivator of the land, 
husbandman, farmer. 

Agrippa, -ae, [ ?], m., M. Vipsanius 
Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus, 
and his most distinguished general 
and supporter. 

Agyllinus, -a, -um, [Agylla (re- 
•duced) + inns], adj., of Agylla (a 
town in Etruria, more commonly 
known by its later name Caere, 
now Cervetri). — Masc. plur., its 
inhabitants, people of Agylla. 



i6 



Vocabulary. 



ah (a), interj. (chiefly of surprise, 
but used also in many other states 
of mind), ah, oh. 

ahenus, see aenus. 

Aiax, -acis, [dialectic or corrupted 
form of Alas, -vros], m., Ajax, 
name of two heroes of the Trojan 
war: I. Telambnius, son of Tela- 
mon and brother of Teucer, who 
contended with Ulysses for the arms 
of Achilles ; 2. Oileus, a less dis- 
tinguished warrior, son of Oileus. 
He offered violence to Cassandra, 
and was punished by Pallas. 

aio [perhaps y/B,g 9 c ^- ne »°]5 v - 
defect., only pres. stem, say, speak. 

— Esp., say yes, affirm (opp. to 
nego) . — aiunt, they say. 

ala, -ae, [perhaps for faxla, cf. 
axilla], f., a wing. — the wing of 
a?i army, cavalry (as the cavalry 
originally formed the wings). — 
riders in a hunt, huntsmen. 

alacer (-cris), -cris, -ere, [?], 

(-crior, -cerrimus) , adj., active, 

lively, qtiick. — eager. — joyous, 

happy, cheerful. — •Transf., lively, 

. eager: voluptas. 

alatus, -a, -um, [fala-f-tus (cf. 
armatus, armo)], adj., winged. 

Alba, -ae, [f. of albus, the white 
town], {., Alba Longa (the sup- 
posed mother city of Rome). 

Albanus, -a, -um, [alba -f nus], 
adj., Alban, belonging to Alba. — 
Masc, Mt. Albanus. 

albeo, -ere, no perf. nor sup., 
[falbo-], 2. v. n., be white : campi 
ossibus. 

albeseo, -ere, no perf. nor sup., 
[falbe -(stem of albed) + sco], 
3. v. n., grow white, whiten, gleam : 
fluctus; lux (dawn). 

Albulus, -a, -um, [falb5 + lus], 
adj., -dim., while. — Albula, f., 
ancient name of the Tiber, from 
the yellow paleness of its water. 

Albunea, -ae, [f. of f albuno- (fr. 
albus) + eus], f., a fountain at 
Tibur ( Tivoli) in a sacred grove. 

— Also, the grove itself (?). 
Alburnus, -i, [?], n., a mountain 



in Lucania (now Monte di Posti- 
glioue) . 

albus, -a, -um, [cf. &\<pos~], adj., (no 
comparison), pale' white (opp. to 
ater, dull black, cf. candidus, 
shining white): ligustra; scopuli 
ossibus. — Neut. (as subst.), white. 

Alcander, -dri, m., a companion 
of ^Eneas. 

Alcanor, -oris, m. : 1. a Trojan, 
father of Pandarus ; 2. a Latin. 

Alcathous, -01, [Gr. 5 AA/ca0oos] , m., 
a companion of yEneas. 

Alcldes, -ae, [Gr. 'AA/ce^s], m., 
descendant of Alcaeus. — Esp., a 
name of Hercules, his grandson. 

Alcimedon, -ontis, [Gr. 'AA/a^ue- 
8o?z/], m., a famous wood-carver, 
mentioned only by Virgil. 

Alcinous, -01, [Gr. \AA/aVoos], m., 
king of the Phoeacians (Corfu), 
whose gardens became proverbial. 

Alcippe, -es, [Gr. 'AA/fin-^], f., a 
female slave. 

Alcon, -onis, [Gr. v AA/cw*>], m., a 
Cretan bowman. 

alcyon, -onis, [Gr. aAKu<vi/~], i.,the 
kingfisher, halcyon. 

Alcyone, *es, [Gr. 'KKkuovt)] , f., a 
woman who with her husband Ceyx 
was changed by THetis into a king- 
fisher. 

Alecto, see Allecto. 

ales, -itis, [ala (weakened) + tus 
(reduced)], adj., winged. — Subst., 
a bird: Jovis (the eagle).—? 
Transf., sivift, winged : Auster. 

Alesus, see Halaesus. 

Aletes, -is, [Gr. 'AA^r^s], m., a 
companion of /Eneas. 

Alexis, -is, [Gr. 'AAe^is], m., a beau- 
tiful slave, loved by the shepherd 
Corydon. • 

alga, -ae, [?], f., seaweed. 

alias [unc. case-form of alius], adv., 
elsewhere. — Of time, at another 
time : non alias (never before, or 
again). 

alibi [dat. or loc. of alius, cf. ibi], 
adv., in another place, elsewhere. 

alienus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (akin 
to alius) + nus], adj., belonging to 



Vocabulary. 



17 



another, of another, another's : 
volnus {meant for anothei'). — 
strange, foreign : custos ; arva ; 
menses .(unusual). — Masc, a 
stranger. 

aliger, -era, -erum, [fala (weak- 
ened) + ger (yg er + us )]» ad J-> 
wing-bearing, winged. 

alio [old dat. of alius, cf. eo], adv., 
elsewhither, to another place, in 
a not lie r direction. 

alipes, -edis, [ala (weakened) + 
pes], adj., with winged feet, whig- 
footed. — Masc, a horse (as swift 
of foot). 

aliqua [abl. f. of aliquis, cf. qua,], 
adv., by some way, in some way, 
somehow. 

aliqul, see aliquis. 

aliquando [fali-quando, cf. ali- 
quis and quando], adv., at some 
time (indef. affirmative), some time, 
ever, once, formerly, hereafter. — 
Emphatically, at last, at length. 

aliquis (qui), -qua, -quid(quod), 
indef. adj. (and subst.) [f ali- 
quis], some, some one (indef. affir- 
mative, cf. quisquam with neg.) . 
— Xeut, something. — With si 
and relative words, any, any one, 
anything. 

aliquot [fali-quot], indec. adj., 
several, a number, a few (affir- 
matively, cf. pauci, only a few). 

aliter [f ali + ter, cf. forti-ter], 
adv., otherwise : haud aliter {just 

soy. 

ali t us, -a, -um, p.p. of alo. 

alituum, irr. gen. plu.of ales, from 
another stem alitu- ; see ales. 

alius, -a, -um, -lus, (stem alio, 
often ali), [yal+ius, cf. a\Aos 
for kKy js] , other (not all, cf. ceteri, 
the rest), another, some other (of 
many, cf. alter, of two) : haec 
inter alias urbes. — Esp., alius 
. . . alius {one . . . another) ; alii 
pars (some . . . another part). — 
Usually agreeing with its noun, 
rarely with partitive or equivalent 
construction : aliud mercedis (a 
different reward). 



allabor, see adlabor. 

Allecto, -us, [Gr. 'AA^/ctw], f., a 
Fury. 

AUia, -ae, f., a river near Rome, 
famous for a defeat of the Romans 
. by the Gauls. 

alligo, see adligo. 

allium (al-), -1 (-ii), [?], n., gar- 
lic. — Also plur., same sense. 

alloquor, see adloquor. 

alludo, see adludo. 

alluo, see adluo. 

Almo, -onis, m., a Latin, son of 
Tyrrhus. 

almvts, -a, -um, [ ^/al + mus], adj., 
nourishing, fostering, bountiful : 
Ceres ; ager ; vitis. — Less ex- 
actly, propitious, kind, kindly, re- 
freshing. 

alnus, -1, [cf. al-der~\, f., alder. — 
a vessel or boat (made of the wood). 

alo, alul, alitum (altum), -ere, 
[y'al, cf. adoleo, almus], 3. v. a., 
nourish, feed. — Less exactly, sus- 
tain, support, feed, bring up : Af- 
rica ductores (produce) ; volnus 
venis (of Dido, feeds, i.e., is con- 
sumed by) . 

Aloldes, -ae, [Gr. 'AAcuetS^s, patr. 
of 'A\coevs'], m., descendant of Alo- 
eus. — Plur., Otus and Ephialtes, 
giants. 

Alpes, -ium, [a foreign word akin 
to albus], m. plur., the Alps. 

Alphesiboeus, -I, [Gr.], m., a 
herdsman. 

Alpheus, -el, [Gr. 5 AA#efdy, cf. al- 
bula], m., a river of Elis which 
disappears under ground, and was 
fabled to reappear again in Sicily. 

Alplieus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'AA^elos], 
adj., of the river Alpheus, Alphean ■ 
Pisa (founded by a colony from 
Elis). 

Alplnus, -a, -um, [falpi (length- 
ened) + mis] , adj., of the Alps, 
Alpine : Boreae. 

Alsus, -1, [?1, m., a Latin. 

altare, -is, [n. of adj., falto- (re- 
duced) + axis] , n., an altar (high- 
er than ara) . 

alte [old abl. of altus], (-ius, -Is- 



IS 



Vocabulary. 



sime), adv., highly, on high, high, 

— deeply, deep. 

alter, -era, -erum, -ius, [Val (cf. 
alius) + ter (cf. uter)], pron. 
adj., other (of two, cf. alius, 
other of many), the other. — Alter 
. . . alter, one . . . the other. — alter 
. . . alterius, one of another (re- 
ciprocally), of one another. — In 
order, the second, a second : pri- 
mus . . . alter. — Opposed to both, 
one or the other. — Fig., the sec- 
ond, next : alter ab illo. — With 
negative : nee alter {another, any 
other) . — Plur., of a number or set, 
&c. : alterae decern {ten ?nore, 
another ten). 

alterno, -avi, -a turn, -are, [f al- 
terno-], I. v. n., do by turns, alter- 
nate. — alternautes, p., by turns, 
alternately. — wavering,vacillating. 

alternus, -a, -um, [alter + nus], 
adj., belonging to the other, alter- 
nate, by turns, responsive, recip- 
rocal. — Neut. pi., alter7iate strains, 
alternate acts, alternation : alter- 
nis. — Masc. pi., matched ??ian for 
man. 

altrix, -icis, [yal + trix], f., a 
nurse. — As adj., nourishing, fos- 
tering : terra. 

alius, -a, -um,[p.p. of alo],{gro7vn 
up), adj., high, lofty, great (in all 
senses) : montes ; rex lupiter. — 
Neut., the heavens, heaven, the 
sky : in altum {on high) . — Also, 
deep : gurges ; quies. — Neut., the 
deep, the sea, the high sea, the main. 

— ex alto {from far, far). 
alumnus, -i, m., -a, -ae, f., [f alo- 

(stem of alo) + mnus (cf..-/xez/os, 
Gr. p.)], {fostered, nursed), foster 
ch ild, n u rsli ng. 

alvearium, -1, [falve5 (reduced) 
-f arium, n. of,-arius], n., a bee- 
hive. 

alveus, -i,[falvo (reduced) + eus], 
m., a hollow, cavity, channel. — a 
boat, skiff. — bed of a river, channel 
= {current). 

alvus, -I, [ ^/al + vus], f., the belly, 
the body (inner or lower part). 



amans, -antis, p. of anio. 

amaracus, -1, [Gr. ajuLapanos], m. 
and f., ma?yora/n. 

amarantus, -1, [Gr. audpavros, un- 
fading'], m., amaranth, an unfading 
flower, prob. coxcomb. 

amare [old abl. of amarus], adv., 

. bitterly. 

amaror, -oris, [unc. stem (cf. 
amarus) + or], m., bitterness. 

amarus, -a, -vim, [?], (-ior, -Issi- 
mus), adj., bitter : salices. — Of 
smell, harsh, ill-smelling, pungent. 
— Fig., sad, melancholy, unfortu- 
nate, unhappy : amores ; rumor. 
. — bitter, implacable : hostis. — Of 
words, bitter, severe, harsh : dicta. 

Amaryllis, -idis, [Gr. 'A/napukAis], 
{., a rustic maid. 

Amasenus, -I, [?], m., a river in 
Latium. 

Amaster, -trl, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Amata, -ae, [f. of amatus], f., wife 
of King Latinus. 

Amathus, -untis, [Gr.'AjuaGovs], f., 
a town of Cyprus (now Zimisso). 

amatus, p.p. of amo. 

Amazon, -onis, [Gr. 'A/maC^v, an- 
ciently supposed. to mean bosom- 
less], f., an Amazon, one of a 
fabled nation of Scythia, composed 
only of women. — Plur., the Atna- 
zons. 

Amazonicus, -a, -um, [f Amazon 
+ icus], adj., of the Amazons, 
Amazonian. 

Amazonius, -a, -um, [f Amazon 
-f ius], adj., Amazonian, of the 
Amazons. 

Amazonis, -idis, [Gr. 'A/xafovfe], 
adj., Amazoniati, an Amazon. 

amb- (am-, an-), [fambi, cf. am- 
bo, Gr. a/uL<pi, Germ, um], insep. 
prep. Only in composition, around, 
on both sides, double. 

ambages,-is, [amb-ages (V a g ?> 
cf. ambigo)], f., a circuit, wind- 
ing, circuitous way. — Of speech, 
circumlocution, a long story, long 
details. — Less exactly, obscurity, 
anything perplexing, /uystery, mys- 
terious expression, obscure oracle. 



Vocabulary. 



19 



ambedo, -esl, -esum, -edere, 

[amb-edo], 3. v. a., eat around, 
gnaw, nibble, eat* — ■ Fig., consume, 
devour. 

ambesus, -a, -um, p.p. of amb- 
edo. 

ambiguus, -a, -um, [f ambigo (cf. 
prodigus) + vus], adj., uncer- 
tain, doubtful, dark, mysterious, 
dubious, perplexing, a?nbiguous : 
domus; proles; voces {dark 
hints). 

ambio, -ii (-Ivi), -Itum (cf. amb- 
itus), -ire, [amb-eo], 4. v. a. 
and n., go around. — Less exactly, 
encircle, surround : aliquid auro 
{rim, edge) . — For a special pur- 
pose, entreat, solicit : reginam ; 
conublis Latinum {gain Latinus's 
consent to). 

ambo, -ae, -6, [cf. amb-], pron. 
adj., both (of two together, cf. 
uterque, both separately) . — Less 
exactly, two. 

ambrosius, -a, -um, [Gr. a/m&po- 
crios, i?nmortal\ adj., divine, di- 
vinely beautiful. — *Fem., the food 
of the gods, a ??i brosia. 

amburo, -ussi, -ustum, -urere, 
[amb-uro], 3. v. a., burn around, 
scorch, bum. 

ambustus, p.p. of amburo. 

amellus, -1, [?],-m., starwort. 

amens, -entis, [ab-mens, having 
the mind away~\, adj., senseless, 
distracted, frenzied, frantic, ??i ad- 
dene d. 

amentum, -1, [unc. root -j- men- 
turn], n., thong .(attached to a spear 
. and unwinding, so as to give a rifle- 
ball motion to it). 

Amerinus, -a, -um, [simpler stem 
. akin to Amelia + inus] , adj ., of 
Ameria (a town of Umbria; now 
Amelia), Amerian. 

amice [old abl. of amicus], adv., 
in a friendly manner, as a friend, 
kindly. 

amicio, -icui (-ixi), -ictum, -ire, 
[amb-iacio] , 4. v. a., throw around, 
wrap around. — Transferred, wrap, 
cover, conceal : nube cava. 



amicitia, -ae, [famic5 + tia], f., 
friendship. 

amictus, -a, -um, p.p. of amicio. 

amictus, -us, [as if amic (cf. ami- 
cio) + tus], m., an outer garment, 
wrap, robe, covering : nebulae. 

amicus, -a, -um, [unc. stem from 
y'am + cus] , adj ., loving, friejidly. 

— Of things, frie?idly, favoring, 
favorable. — Masc, a friend. 

Aminaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Afxivalos:'], 
adj., of AiJiincea (a district of Pi- 
cenum, famous for its vineyards), 
Aminaian. 

amissus, -a, -um, p.p. of amitto. 

Amiternus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
A77iiternum (a Sabine town, now 
San Vittorino), Amiternian. 

amitto, -misi, -missum, -ere, 
[ab-mitto], 3. v. a., let go, send off 
or away, abandon, lose : arma ; 
Anehisen (by death). 

Amnion, see Hammon. 

amnis, -is, [?], m. and f., a river, 
a stream, body (of water) : aquae 
(of water in a kettle). — Gen., 
water. 

amo, -avi, -atum, -are, [-y/am, 
but prob. fr. a noun-stem, cf. ami- 
cus], I. v. a., love, be fond of, cher- 
ish, regard. — Of things, delight 
in, love. — Fig., keep close to : litus 
{hug). — amans, -ntis, m. or f., 
a lover, loving man or zvoman. 

amoenus, -a, -um, [lost noun-stem, 
akin to amo + nus, cf. amicus], 
adj. Of objects of sight, pictu- 
resque, lovely, pleasant, charming ; 
piorum concilia. 

amomum (-on), -i, [Gr. a/jLcafiov], 
n., amomum, an aromatic shrub. 

amor, -oris, [ ^/am + or] , m., love, 
desire, longing : casus cognoscere 
nostros ; edendi {appetite, crav- 
ing for food). — Transferred, an 
object producinglove, a love-charm. 

— Concretely, an object of love. — 
Personified, the god of love, Cupid, 
Love.^ 

amoveo, -movi, -motum, -ere, 
[ab-moveo], 2. v. a., move away 9 
reinove, take away. 



20 



Vocabulary. 



Amphion, -onis, [Gr. 'Am</hW], m., 
Ampkion, a king of Thebes, hus- 
band of Niobe, famous for his per- 
formances on the lyre. 

Amphitryoniades, -ae, m., a de- 
scendant of Ampkitryo (king of 
Thebes, husband of Alcmene), son 
K of Amphitryo (Hercules). 

Amphrysius, -a, -um, adj., belong- 
ing to Amphrysus, Amphrysian, 
of Apollo ; vates (i.e. the Sibyl). 

Amphrysus (-os), -I, [Gr. 'Aiuppv- 
<ros^\, m.| Amphrysus or Amphry- 
sos, a small river of Phthiotis, near 
which Apollo fed the flocks of King 
Admetus. 

ample [abl. of amplus], adv., amply. 

— Comp., amplius, more, longer, 
again : non amplius unam {only 
one). 

amplector, -exus, -ecti, [amb- 
plecto], 3. v. dep., wind ox twine 
around, surround, encompass, en- 
circle, embrace : limina ; tumu- 
lum (of a snake) ; ansas acantho 
{wreathe, in carving). — In speech, 
comprehend, — discuss particular- 
ly, handle, treat : non ego cuncta 
meis amplecti versibus opto. 

amplexus, -a, -um, p.p. of am- 
plector. 

amplexus, -us, [amb-plexus], m., 
an encircling. — Esp., an embrace, 
caress. 

amplus, -a, -um, (-ior, -issimus) , 
[?], adj., of large extent, great, 
ample, spacious, roomy : Elysium. 

— Fig., magnificent, splendid, glo- 
rious, superb. — In fame, illustri- 
ous, noble, renozvned, distinguished. 

Amsanctus, -I, [amb-sanctus], m., 
a lake in Italy, fabled as an en- 
trance to the world belpw (now 
Lago d'' ' Ansante) . 

amurca, -ae, [Gr. a/j.6pyrj'], f., the 
scum of oil. 

Amyclae, arum, [Gr. 'A^vkAou], 
plur. f . : 1. A town in Latium ; 2. A 
town of Laconia. See Amyclaeus. 

Amyclaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'A/mv- 
K\a7os], adj., of Amy c Ice (in Laco- 
nia), Amyclcsan : canis. 



Amycus, -I, [Gr.'A/ii/Kos], m. : 1. A 
Trojan, father of Mimas ; 2. The 

• name of two followers of ^Eneas, 
killed by Turnus. 

Amyntas, -ae, [Gr. 'Afxvvras'], m., 
a shepherd. 

Amythaonius, -a, -um, [Amy- 
thaon +. ius], adj., of Amythaon 
(the father of Melampus), Amy- 
thaonian. 

an [?], con}. In disjunctive inter- 
rogations introducing the second 
part, or, or rather, or on the other 
hand, or in fact. — Often with the 
first part suppressed, or, or indeed, 
or can it be that, why ! tell me ! 

— annon, or not. — anne (an 
ne), same as an alone. 

Anagnia, -ae, f., a town of Latium, 
the chief seat of the Hernici (now 
Anagni). 

anceps, -itis, [amb-caput], (with 
head on both sides), adj., with two 
heads, double-headed. — Of weap- 
ons, two-edged : ferrum. — Fig., 
double, two-fold: formido. — doubt- 
ful, tcncertain, undecided, dubious: 
fortuna pugnae ; dolus {treach- 
erous uncertainty). — Of persons, 
wavering, doubtful. — Of an ora- 
cle, ambiguous. 

Anchemolus, -I, [?], m., son of 
Rhcetus, king of the Marsians. Fie 
fled to Turnus' father on account 
of an incestuous crime. 

Anchises, -ae, [Gr. 3 Ayxio-r}s~\, m., ' 
a son of Capys, father of ^Eneas. 

Anchlseus, -a, -um, adj., belonging 
to Anchises, Anchisean. 

Anchisiades, -ae, m., the son of 
Anchises, i.e. ^Eneas. 

anchora, see ancora. 

anclle (-file), .-is, [fanco + ilis, cf. 
ay ku\6s~\, n., a small oval shield. 

— Esp., the shield which was said 
to have fallen from heaven in the 
reign of Numa, and on the contin- 
ued preservation of which the pros- 
perity of Rome was declared to de- 
pend.* — Also the others made like 
it, which were carried in procession 
at Rome in a religious ceremony. 



Vocabulary. 



21 



ancora aneh-), -ae, [Gr. ayKvpa], 
L, an anchor. 

Aliens, -I, [= ancus, bent, said to 
refer to crooked arms, cf. an cu- 
ius], m., Ancus Mar tin:, fourth 
king of Rome. 

Androgeos (-eus), -I, [Gr. 'Apfipo- 
yeo}s~\ , m. : I. A son of Minos, king 
of Crete, killed by the Athenians 
ancj Megarians ; 2. A Greek at 
the sack of Troy. 

Andromache, -es, (-a, -ae), [Gr. j 
'Kv5pojj.6.xv~\-> f-> a daughter of King 
Eetion, and wife of Hector. 

anetlium, -1, [Gr. avrj9ou'], n., dill, 
anise, a sweet-smelling herb. 

anfractus (am-), us, [amb-frac- 
tus] , m., a bending, turning, wind- 
ing. 

Angitia (Angui-), -ae, [prob. akin 
to ango], f., a sorceress, sister of 
Medea and Circe, worshipped by 
the Marsi. 

ango, -xi, -ctum (-xum), -gere, 
[ A ang], 3. v. a., squeeze, compress : 
guttura. — Of living creatures, 
choke, strangle. 

anguis, -is, [ N /ang + is. with para- 
sitic u], m. and f., a snake or ser- 
pent. — Esp., as -constellations, the 
Dragon, the Hydra, the Serpent. 

Anguitia, see Angitia. 

angnstus, -a, -urn, [f angus (noun- 
stem akin to angor) + tiis, cf. 
barbatus], adj., close, narrow, 
strait, contracted. — Xeut. with 
gen. r angusta viarum {narrow 
ways). — Fig., narrow, slight, 
scanty : spes. — Less exactly, nar- 
row, trivial: res. 

anhelitus, -us, [fanheli- (weaker 
stem of anhelo) + tus], m., pa?it- 
ing, quick or difficult breathing. 

anhelo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fan I 
(unc. prep, -halo" (cf. exhalo)'], 
I. v. n. and a. Xeut., breathe with 
difficulty, breathe heavily, gasp, 
pant. — Of flame, roar : fornaci- 
bus ignis. 

anhelus, -a, -uni, [an (?) -halu3 

(cf. halo)], adj. , 'panting, puffing, 

ping: equi; pectus [heaving] ; 



Mars {breathless) ; senes {short- 
breathed) ; tussis {hacking) . 

Anien, see Anio. 

Anienus, -a, -um, [tAnien + us], 
adj., pertaining to the Anio, of the 
Anio. 

anilis, -e, [fanu + His], adj., of an 
old woman, anile, an old woman s. 

anima, -ae, [fani (treated as root?) 
+ ma, f. of -mus ; cf. animus and 
avefios, - x an, blow~\, f., a breeze, 
breath, blast (in Vulcan's bellows I. 

— As inhaled or exhaled, breath : 
viperea. — Fig., breath (as vital 
principle),///"^.- effundere ; proi- 
cere {throw away life)-, purpurea 
{crimson stream of life) . — Of living 
persons, soul (cf. Eng. "souls"). 

— Of the departed, shade, soul, 
spirit. 

animadversus, see animadverto. 

animadverto (vort-), -ti, -sum, 
-tere, [animurn, adverto], 3. v. a., 
turn the mind or attention to, at- 
tend to, consider, regard. — More 
simply, notice, perceive, see. 

animal, -alis, [n. of adj. animalis 
(with loss of e)], n., living crea- 
ture (incl. man and beast), animal. 

animalis, -e, [tanima + lis], adj., 
pertaining to life, animate, living. 

animo, -avl, -atum, -are, [ani- 
ma], I. v. a., animate, quicken, 
give life to. ' 

animosus, -a, -um, [tanimo (re- 
duced) -f osus], adj., courageous, 
bold, spi?'ited : Eurus {wild, vio- 
lent). 

animus, -i, [fani- (as root) + mus ; 
cf. anima, aveuos, ^/&n, blow], m., 
breath, life, soul (cf. Eng. spirit), 
mind (including all the powers; 
cf. mens, intellect). — Esp. of 
thought or feeling, intention, pur- 
pose, will, desire, inclination, 
mind, impulse : omnibus idem 
animus est (cf. "have a mind"). 

— Also esp. in plur., feeling, senti- 
ment, courage, heart, spirit : suc- 
cessu animisque {the spirit of 
success). — Instead of mens, the 
mind, the intellect. — Less exactly, 



22 



Vocabulary. 



nature, character. — Of the winds 
(personified), wrath. — In bad 
. sense, arrogance, pride, passion, 
wrath (esp. in plur.). 

Anio (Anien), -enisor -onis, also 
Anienus, -i, m., a tributary stream 
of the Tiber, which, taking its rise 
in the Apennines, passes along the 
southern Sabine country, separat- 
ing it from Latium (now Teverone) . 

Anius, -1 (-ii), m., a king and priest 
of Delos, who hospitably enter- 
tained ^Eneas. 

Anna, -ae, [a Phoenician word], f., 
Anna, the sister of Dido, honored 
as a goddess- after her death, under 
the name Anna Pereuna. 

annalis, -8, [fanno- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., belonging to a year, 
yearly, annual. — Masc. (sc. li- 
ber), a record (by years), a chron- 
icle, a report : laborum {details). 

anne, see an. 

annisus, see adnisus. ' 

annltor, see adnitor. 

anno, see adno. 

annosus, -a, -um, [fann5- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., full of 'years, 
aged, old: bracchia {aged limbs). 

annuo, see adnuo. 

annus, -l, [?], m.j a year. — Less 
exactly, season : nunc formosis- 
simus annus. — Adv., quot annis 
(as many years as there are), 
yearly, every year. 

annuus, -a, -um, [fanno + us], 
adj., pertaining to a year, that 
lasts a year, of a year's duration. 
— that returns, recurs, or happens 
every year, yearly, annual : sacra. 

ansa, -ae, [ ?] , f., a handle : molli cir- 
cum est ansasamplexusacantho. 

anser, -eris, [cf. Gr. x??*/, Eng. 
goose'], m., a goose. 

Antaeus, -I, [Gr. 5 Az/tcuos] , m. : I . A 
Libyan giant slain by Hercules ; 
2. A Rutulian. 

Antandros (-us), -I, [Gr. *Avtclv- 
Spos~\, f., a maritime town of Mysia, 
at the foot of Ida. 

ante (old form antid), [abl. of 
fanti (cf. antes, Gr. dj/ri)], adv. 



and prep. Adv.', of place, before, 
in front, forward. — Of time, be- 
fore, sooner, first : ut ante {as 
hitherto)-, ante . . . quaiu (see 
antequam) . — With abl. of cliff. : 
multo, etc. {long before). — As adj., 
like Greek : ante malorum {of for- 
mer trials) . — Prep., of place, be- 
fore, in front of: focum. — Of 
estimation or rank, before, in pref- 
ej'ence to, above : ante alios ; 
ante omnia {more than all else, 
above all) . — Of time, before, ere. 
anteeo, -Ivi (-ii), no sup., -ire, 
[ante-eo], 4. v. n.,go before, pre- 
cede. — Of time, anticipate, precede. 
Of degree, excel, surpass, outdo, 
outstrip: candore nives; cursi- 
bus auras. 
antefero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, 
[ante-fero], 3. v. a., bear 01c cany 
before one, &c. — Of estimation, 
place before, prefer : quae quibus 
anteferam. 
Antemnae, -arum, [?], f., a town 
of the Sabines, perhaps so called 
from its situation on the river Anio, 
where it falls into the Tiber. 
antenna (-mna), -ae, [probably 
borrowed from- Greek], f., a sail- 
yard'. 
Antenor, -oris, [Gr. 'Ai/T^i/cop] , m., 
a noble Trojan who was in favor 
of restoring Helen and making 
peace with the Greeks; after the 
fall of Troy he went to Italy and 
founded Patavium '{Padua) . 
Antenorides,- -ae, [Gr. patrony- 
mic], m., a son or descendant of 
Antenor. 
anteqaam [ante, quam], rel. adv., 
sooner than, before, first before, ere. 
antes, -iuni, [ y'an + tis, cf. ante], 

m., rows^ or ranks of vines, &c. 
antevenio, -veni, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, [ante-venio], 4. v. n. and a., 
come •or arrive before. — get the 
start of, anticipate. — Absolutely, 
come betimes, anticipate (a dan- 
ger)- _ 
antevolo, are, [ante-volo], 1. v. a., 
fly before. • . 



Vocabulary. 



23 



Antheusj -1, (ace, Anthea), [Gr. 
'Ay^cus] ,m., a companion of .Eneas. 

Antigenes, -is, [Gr. ' Avr Lye v-t] s], 
m., a shepherd. 

Antiphates, -ae, [Gr. "Ayncpdr^s'], 
m., a son of Sarpedon,- slain by 
Turnus. 

antiquus (-os), " a » " uin (" om )> 
[fanti (with unc. lengthening) + 
cus, cf. posticus], adj., belonging 
to former times, former, old, an- 
cient. — Not contrasted with later 
. times, but simply of long standing, 
old, ancient. — Of persons, aged. 

Antonius, -I (-ii)> m., the name of 
a Roman gens. — Esp., M. Anto- 
nius, the- distinguished triumvir, 
conquered by Octavius at Actium. 

Antores, -ae, m., a warrior of Evan- 
der, slain by Mezentius. 

antrum, -I, [Gr. avrpov], n., a cave, 
cavern, grotto : viride. — Less ex- 
actly, hollow : exesae arboris. 

Auubis, is and idis, [Gr. 3 Avov@ls, 
an Egyptian word], m., an Egyptian 
deity, with the head of a dog, the 
tutelary deity of the chase. 

anus, -us, [?], f., an old woman. 

anxius, -a, -um, [unc. stem from- 
•y/ang + ins], adj., anxious, troub- 
led, tormented. — Transferred to 
the cause, distressing, anxious : 
timor. 

Anxur, -uris, [?], n. : 1. A town 
of the Volsci, later Terracina ; 
2. Masc, an Italian killed by 
./Eneas. 

Anxurus, -a, -um, [ Anxur -f us] , 
adj., of Anxur : Iupiter (wor- 
shipped at Anxur) . 

Aones, -um, [Gr. *Aoi/es], adj., m. 
plur., Aonian, .cf. Aonius. 

Aonius, -a (-e Gr. form), um, 
[f Aon (cf. Aones) + ius], adj., 
Aonian, Boeotian. — Fern., the 
country Aonia, a part of Bceotia 
in which are the Aonian moun- 
tains, Mt. Helicon, and the foun- 
tain Aganippe. 

Aornos, -i, [Gr. "Aopz/os], m., the 
Lake Avemus (now Lago d^Aver- 
*no). 



Apennlnicola, -ae, [fApennino- 
fcola (cf. ineola)], eomm., a 
dweller in the Apennines. 

Apennlnus (App-), -i, [Gallic pen, 
" mountain-summit "], m., the Ap- 
ennines, the lofty mountain-chain 
that runs diagonally across Italy : 
pater (the mount personified). 

aper, apri, [?], m., a wild boar : 

- setosi caput apri. 

aperio, -ui, -turn, -ire, [ab (or ad) 
-pario(cf. reperio), but connection 
unc], 4. v. a., tmcover, lay bare, 
open, unclose : antrum apertum. 

— Less exactly, discover, display, 
shoiv, reveal : his unda dehiscens 
terrain aperit ; templum. — Pass., 
or with reflexive, show itself, ap- 
pear : sidus (rise) ; Apollo (i.e. 
his temple rising above the horizon) . 

— Neut., without se, appear : mon- 
tes. — Fig., disclose, unveil, reveal, 
make known, tin f old : futura. — 
As in Eng., open, begin: annum. 

— apertus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
open, uncovered, clear (of the sky). 

apertus, -a, -um, p.p. of aperio. 

apex, -icis, [?] m., a tip, point, a 
tongue (of flame).— From the 
shape, a cap (of peculiar form worn 
by several religious functionaries at 
Rome). 

Aphidnus, -1, [ ?] , m., a Trojan. 

apis (-es), -is, [?], f., a bee. 

apiuin, -I (-ii), [?], rv., parsley, cel- 
ery. The leaves of one kind were 
usedjbr garlands. 

Apollo, -inis, [Gr. 'AttoWcop'], m., 
the son of Jupiter and Latona, and 
twin brother of Diana ; god of the 
sun, of divination, of poetry and 
music, and president of the Muses. 
He was also god of archery, of 
pestilence, and, on the other hand, 
of medicine. — Also, his temple 
(identified with the god himself) . 

appareo, see adpareo. 

apparo, see adparo. 

Appenninus, see Apenninus. 

appeto, see adpeto. 

applico, see adplico. 

appono, see adpono. 



24 



Vocabulary. 



apricus, -a, -urn, [perhaps f aperl- 
(stem of aperio) + cus, cf. Apri- 
lis], adj., uncovered, lying open, 
exposed to the sun, sunny : terrae. 
— Transferred, fond of sunshine, 
sunloving. 

apto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fapt5-], 
I. v. a., fit, adapt, adjust, apply. — 
Fig., accommodate, adapt. — As 
making fit, get ready, prepare, 
equip : class em velis. — Abs., 
without means expressed : classem 
{ft out). 

aptus, -a, -um, [V a P> grasp (in 
apiseor) + tus, p.p. of lost verb], 
{fitted to), adj., joined, fastened, 
attached. — Transferred, endoived, 
ornamented with : caelum stellis 
aptum {studded). — Fig., suited, 
fitted, fit, suitable, fitting. 

apud [?], prep. w. ace. Of per- 
sons, with, by, near. — Esp., at 
one's house, or in one^s possession : 
apud me. — Of place, at, near, 
in. 

aqua, -ae, [?], f., water: dulces 
( fresh water) . — a stream, a river. 

aquarius, -a, -um, [faqua (re- 
duced) + arius], adj., of or relat- 
ing to water. — Masc., the water- 
bearer, one of the signs of the 
Zodiac. 

Aquicolus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

aquila, -ae, [perhaps f. of aquilus, 
dark gray, on account of its color], 
f., the eagle. 

aquilo, -onis, [f aquil5- (reduced) 
-f 6 (on), from its darkness, cf. 
aquila], m., the A T orth wind. — 
Less exactly, the North. 

aquosus, -a, -um, [aqua (reduced) 
-f osus], adj., abounding in water, 
rainy, watery, moist, humid, full 
ofiuater: hiems ; Orion. 

ara, -ae, (old form asa), [?], f., an 
elevation or structure (of wood, 
stone, earth, &c.) : ara sepulchri 
(a funeral pile) . — Esp., an altar: 
illius aram imbuet agnus. — 
From similarity, the Altars, rocks 
in the Mediterranean, between 
Sicily and Africa. 



Arabs, -abis, [Gr. v Apa\J/], m., an 
Arabian, an Arab. 

Arabus, -a, -um, [fArab-f us], 
adj., Arabian, Arab. — Masc. plur.," 
the Arabs. 

Aracynthus, -i, [Gr. 'KpawvOos), 
m., a mountain between Bceotia 
and Attica. ' 

aranea, -ae, [f. of adj., from, Gr. 
apxx u v], f-> a spider. 

Arar (Araris), -is, '[?], m., a river 
of Gaul (now the Saone) . 

arator, -oris, [ara (stem of aro) + 
tor], m., one who ploughs, a plough- 
man, a husbandman, far mer : 

aratrum, -i, [ara (stem of aro) + 
trum], n., a plough. 

Araxes, -is, [Gr. 'Apa^s], m., a 
river of Armenia Major. 

arbor, -oris, (old form arbos), 
[?], f., a tree. — Of many things 
made of wood, a mast, an oar. 

arboreus, -a, -um, [f arbor + eus], 
adj., of a tree: fetus {fruit). — 
Less exactly, tree-like . cornua 
{branching). 

arbos, see arbor. 

arbustus, -a, -um, [f arbos + tus], 
adj., provided with a tree or with 
trees. — Neut., a plantation of trees 
with vines trained on them. — 
Neut. plur., trees, shrtibs. 

arbustum, see arbustus. 

arbuteus, -a, -um, [farbuto (re- 
duced^ eus], adj., of {ox pertain- 
ing to) the strawberry- or arbute- 
tree : crates {of arbute twigs). 

arbutum, -i, [(?) n. of arbutus], 
n., the strawberry- or arbute-tree : 
iubeo frondentia capris arbuta 
sufficere. — the fruit of the straiv- 
berry- or arbute-tree, the zvild 
strawberry : glandes atque ar- 
buta. 

arbutus, -i, [cf. arbor], i.,the it >i Id 
strawberry- or arbute-tree : dulce 
satis humor, depulsis arbutus 
haedis. 

Arcadia, -ae, [Gr. 'ApKaSia, f. of 
adj., sc. terra], f., a mountainous 
district in the interior of Pelopon- 
nesus, which, from its position 






Vocabulary. 



2 S 



long retained its primitive sim- 
plicity- and sylvan wildness. 

Arcadius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'ApxdSios, 
adj . f r o m y ApK as] , adj . , A rca dia n . 

arcanus, -a, -um, [farca+nus], 
adj., (secreted*), secret, private. — 
Neut., a secret. 

Areas, -adis, [Gr. 'Apkos], m., son 
of Jupiter and Callisto, supposed 
ancestor of the Arcadians. — Plur., 
the Arcadians. — As adj. (ace. 
Arcada), Arcadian : rex (Evan- 
der) : eques (of Pallanteum). 

Arcens, -entis, m., a Sicilian. 

arceo, -cul, f-citum, -ere, [noun- 
stem akin to area], 2. v. a, shut 
up, enclose, keep fast. — From an- 
other point of view, shut off, keep 
off, keep at a distance : perielis 
(protect front) . — With inf. or abs., 
hinder, prevent: manus (bind, 
prevent from raising). 

arcesso (accerso), -slvi, -situm, 
-sere, [ar- (= ad) -cesso?], (as 
causative, cause to come), call, sum- 
mon, bring. - — Less exactly, draw, 
take in, absorb : tenues vitas 
(acquire etherial souls, of crea- 
* tures at birth). 

Archetius, -I, [?],- m., a Rutulian. 

Archippus, -i, [Gr. * Apxwxos\,m., 
an Umbrian. 

Arcitenens, -entis, [farcu- (weak- 
ened) -tenens], adj., holding a bow, 
bow-bearing. — Masc, the bozv- 
holder (Apollo). 

arctos (-us), -I (ace. sing, arcton], 
[Gr. ap/cros], f., the Great and Lit- 
tle Bear (Ursa major et minor), a 
double constellation in the vicinity 
of the north pole : gelidae arcti. 
— the north pole, the north. 

Arcturus, -1^ [Gr. apKrovpos~\, m., 
the brightest star in Bootes, the 
rising and setting of which brings 
bad weather. — the (whole) con- 
stellation Bootes. — the rising of 
Arcturus : sub ipsum Arcturum. 

aretus, -a, -um, see artus. 

arcus (old form, -quus, -os), -us, 
[ ? akin to area], m., a bow. — Esp., 
the rainbow : ceu nubibus arcus 



mille trahit varios adverso sole 
colores. — Of anything shaped like 
a bow, a curve, arch, bend, arc, 
loop : portus curvatus in arcum. 

i. ardea, -ae, [Gr. epcoStos], f., a 
heron. 

2. Ardea, -ae, [tardea], f., the capi- 
tal of the Rutuli, six leagues south 
of Rome ; it was burned by .'Eneas, 
and from its ashes the heron was 
said to have been produced. 

ardeo, arsi, arsum, ardere, 
[ ? fardd- (contr. stem of ari- 
dus)], be on fire, bum, blaze. — 
Fig., flash, glow, sparkle, shine : 
oculi ; clipeus. — Of color, glisten, 
glitter, blaze : Tyrio ardebat mu- 
rice laena. — Of emotion, bum, 
glow : Penthesilea (rages) ; spe 
(be fired with) ; quibus arserit 
ar^mis (be ablaze). — Esp. (abs. or 
with ace), love, bum, be fired : 
Alexin. — ardens, -entis, as adj., 
glozving, fiery, hot, blazing, spark- 
ling, burning : Tyrii (eage?-) ; 
equi (fiery) ; virtus (glozving). 

ardesco, arsi, ardescere, [farde 
(stem of ardeo) + sco], 3. v. n. 

' inch.), take fire, kindle, beco7?ie in- 
flamed. — Fig., gleam, glitter. — 
Of the passions, btirn, be inflamed, 
become more intense, increase 
in violence : tuendo. — Of other 
things, become violent or furious, 
rage, increase : fremitusque ar- 
descit equorum. 

ardor, -oris, [fard (as if root of 
ardeo) + or], m., burning, flame, 
fire, heat. — Of the passions, &c. 
(cf. ardeo), heat, ardor, eager- 
ness, enlh usiasm , fire. 

arduus, -a, -um [?], adj., steep.— 
high, lofty, tall : campo sese ar- 
duus infert (towering high) : 
cornua; Iupiter (on high). 

area, -ae, [prob.far5 (stem of farus, 
cf. aridus) + ea (f. of -eus), dry 
courtyard\ f., court, yard. — Esp., 
a threshing floor. 

arena (hare-), -ae, [fare (stem 
of areo) +*na (f. of -nus)], (dry 
earth?), f., sand. — Less exactly, 



26 



Vocabulary. 



earth.' nigra {loam, mud): — 
Esp.; the seashore, seabeach, beach, 
strand. 

arenosus, -a, -um, [arena (re- 
"duced) + osus], adj .,/#// of sand, 
sandy : litus. 

arens, -entis, p. of areo. 

areo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [?faro- 
(cf. aridus)], be dry, be parched, 
dry up: ager. — arens, -entis, 
p. as adj ., dry, arid, parched: arva. 

Arethusa, -ae', [Gr. 'Apedovo-a] , f., 
a fountain near Syracuse. — Per- 
sonified, the nymph of the fountain 
addressed as a muse. 

argenteus, -a, -um, [fargento- 
(reduced) + eus], adj., of silver, 
silver. — Fig., silvery white, white : 
anser. 

argentum, -I, [V ar g ( c ^- arguo) 
+ entum, orig. p., or developed 
from one], n., silver (from its 
brightness). — Esp. : argentum 
lentum, an alloy of silver. — Of 
things made of silver, plate, silver. 

— money. 

' Argi, see Argos. 

Argiletum, -1, [argilla (reduced) 
+ etum, clay-pits~\, (wrongly sup- 
posed to be from Argi-letum) , n., 
a part of Rome. 

argilla, -ae, [Gr. apyiXKos, cf. ar- 
gentum], f., white clay, potter's 
earth, marl. 

argitis, -idis, [akin to argentum, 
etc.], m., a vine bearing white 
grapes. 

Argivus, -a, -um, [Gr. (not found) 
'ApyeiFos, from 'Apyos (Argos), cf. 
Achivus], adj., of Argos, Argive. 

— Masc. plur., the Greeks. 
Argo, -lis, [Gr. 'Apyca~], f., the ship 

in which Jason sailed to Colchis 
for the golden fleece. 

Argolicus, -a, -um,[Gr. 'ApyoXacSs, 
fr. 'ApyoAis, Argolis], ad]., of Argos, 
Argolic. — Grecian. 

Argos (only nom. and acc.),[Gr.'Ap- 
yos\ n., more freq. plur. Argi, 
-orum, m., the capital of the prov- 
ince Argolis in the Peloponnesus, 
sacred to Juno. 



argumentum, -i, [fargu- (as if 
stem of arguo, cf. arg'u£us) + 
mentum] ,• n., an argument, proof, 
a representation or statement of 
any kind. — Of a play, poem, &c, 
subject, story, argument (of the 
story of Io on a shield). 

arguo, -ui, -utum, -uere, [fargu- 
( ^/arg, cf. argentum), cf. facu-, 
acuo], (inake clear or bright), 
3. v. a., show, prove, make, known, 
indicate : degeneres animos ti- 
mor arguit {ignoble souls are 
known by fear). — Esp., accuse, 
charge. — argiitus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., {inade bright), active, 
lively : caput equi {graceful). — 
Often of sound, piercing (cf. 
clarus, bright and loud), sharp, 
shrill, rustling, noisy, whirring : 
ilex {singing, with the wind) ; ser- 
ra {squeaking) ; pecten {ringing) . 

Argus, -a, -um, adj., Argive. — 
Masc. plur., the Greeks. 

Argus, -i, [Gr. * ' Apyos\, m. : 1. The 
hundred-eyed keeper of To after 
she was changed into a heifer by 
Jupiter ; slain by Mercury at the 
command of Jupiter. His hundred 
eyes were placed by Juno in the 
tail of the peacock ; 2. A fabled 
guest of Evander, whose death was 
supposed to have given the name 
to Argiletum (but see that word). 

argiitus, -a, -um, p.p. of arguo. 

Argyripa (-ippa), -ae, [Gr. 'Apyv- 
pnnra] , f., a town of Apulia, founded 
by Diomedes of Argos (afterwards 
called Arpi). 

Aricia, -ae, f., a town of Latium 
on the Appian way (now Riccio). 
From this place came Virbius (a 
supposed son of Hippolytus), who 
fought in the ranks of Turnus. 
His mother is by some supposed to 
have the same name, Aricia. 

aridus, -a, -um, [faro- (cf. areo) 
+ dus], adj., dry, arid, parched: 
ora. —Transferred, making dry, 
drying up, dry : febris. — Also, 
cracking, snapping, as when dry 
wood is broken : fragor. 



Vocabulary. 



27 



aries, -ietis, [?], m., a ram : can- 
didus. — From its form and use, a 
battering-ram, an engine, with a 
head like a ram's, for battering 
walls : crebro ariete {with fre- 
quent strokes of, &c). 

arieto, -avi, -atum, -are,[f ariet-] , 
I. v. a. and n., strike violently, 
dash violently (like a ram). : arie- 
tat in porta s. 

Arion, -onis, [Gr. 3 Apicav], m., a 
•celebrated player on the cithara, 
of Methymna in Lesbos, rescued 
from drowning by a dolphin which 
was charmed by his music. 

Arisba, -ae, f., Arisba, a. town of 
Troas. 

arista, -ae, [?], f., the top of an ear' 
of grain, head ox ear of grain. — 
Fig., summer, harvest; aliquot 
ar ist a s ( m a ny years). 

Aristaeus, -i, [Gr. 'ApHrrcuos], m., 
a son of Apollo and Cyrene, who 
is said to have taught men the 
management of bees and the treat- 
ment of milk, and to have been 
the first who planted olive-trees. 
He was the husband of Autonoe 
and father of Actseon. 

Ariusius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Apiovaios]-, 
adj., of or belonging to Ariusia, a 
district in Chios famous for its 
wine: vina (Chian). 

arma, -orum, [ y'ar (ft) + mum 
(cf. armus)], n. plur., equipments 
(of every kind), arms, weapons, 
armor. — Fig., war, battle, contest, 
arms : potens armis. — Also, 
ar??ied men, warriors, forces. — 
Less exactly, meajis of defence or 
attack : quaerere conscius arma. 
— For labor, implements, tools, in- 
struments : Cerealia arma; di- 
cendum et quae sint duris agres- 
tibus arma. — Of a ship, equip- 
ments, tackle. (See moveo.) 

armatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of armo. 

Armenius, -a, -um, [Gr.'Ap/uLei/ios], 
adj., Armejiian, of Armenia, a 
country of Asia (now Kurdistan 
and Anatolia). — Armenia (sc. 
terra), f., the country itself. 



armentalis, -e, [farment5- (re- 
duced) + alis], Sid]., pertaining to 
a herd, of the herd. 

armentarius, -il, [farmento (re- 
duced) + arius],. (belonging to the 
herd], m., a herdsman, neatherd. 

armentum, -i, [prob. ^/ar + men- 
turn] -, n., cattle for ploughing. — 
Less exactly, a drove, herd, &c, of 
horses, deer, or other large ani- 
mals. . 

armiger, -era, -erum, [farm5-ger 

(V& es + us )]> ac U-> bearing arms, 

armed, warlike, an armor-bearer: 

Iovis (the eagle, bearing the thun- 

• derbolt). 

armipotens, -entis, [farmo-po- 
tens], a.<\].,po2uerful in arms, war- 
like, Lord of arms. 

armisonus, -a, -um, [farm5- 
sonus, having the sound of arms], 
adj., resounding with arms, clad 
in ringing arms. 

armo, -avi, -atum, -are, [armo-J, 
I. v. a., furnish with weapons, 
arm : armare in proelia fra- 
tres ;■ agmina. — Fig., arm, excite, 
rouse, stir up. — With other equip- 
ments, arm, fit out, equip, fur- 
nish : bello armantur eq'ui ; fer- 
rum veneno ; classem. — arma- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., armed, 
equipped: classes. — Masc. plur., 
armed men, zvarriors. 

armus, -1, [^/sly (ft) + mus, cf. 
arma], m., the shoulder, the upper 
arm.— Less exactly, the whole arm. 
— Of animals, the shoulders, flanks. 

aro, -avi, -atum, -are, [- v / ar » prob. 
through a noun-stem], 1. v. a., 
plough. — Of a ship, plough: ae- 
quor. — : Of age, furrow ; front em 
rugis. — Less exactly, cultivate, 
inhabit. 

Arpi, -orum, m., a town of Apulia, 
at first called Argos Hippium, af- 
terwards Argyripa (now Foggia). 

arr-, see adr-. 

Arr fiiis, -untis, [Etruscan word], 
m., an Etruscan name (properly a 
title, younger son). 

ars, artis, [ ^ar (cf. arma) + tis 



28 



Vocabulary. 



(reduced)], f., {a fitting), skill, 
art, knowledge, zvorkmanship, prac- 
tice : magicae {arts of sorcery'): 
— Concretely, a work of art. — Of 
character and conduct, habit, prac- 
tice. — Transferred, cunning, arti- 
fice, stratagem, art. — Of plants, 
habit, artificial form. 

artifex, -icis, [farti- (ars) -fex 
( y'fac as stem), comm., generally 
in the higher sense of ars], one 

k zvho practises an art, an artist 
(cf. opifex, artisan, mechanic), 
^workman (of skill) . — Esp., one 20/10 
practises arts, a trickster, contriver. 

I.artus (arc-), -a, -um, [prob. 
y'arc (arx, arceo) + tus, pp. of 
arceo], adj., confined (cf. area), 
narrow, close, strait: compages 
{close-fitting) ; vincla. — Fig., 
straitened, scanty, small. 

2. artus, -iis, [V ar ( c ^- arma) + 
tus], m., {a fitting). Concr., a 
joint. — Less exactly, parts (of 
the world). — Extended, the body, 
frame. 

arundineus (har-), -a, -um, 
(farundin (stem of arundo) + 
eus], Sidj., of or pertaining to reeds, 
reedy, reed- : silva. 

arundo (har-), -inis, [?], f., a 
reed, cane. — Sing., collectively, 
reeds. — Fig., things made of reed, 
a fishing-rod, an arrow shaft, an 
arow, a reed pipe, syrinx (of sev- 
eral reeds). 

aruspex, see liaruspex. 

arvina, -ae, [ ?], f., grease, fat, suet, 
lard : pinguis. 

arvum, see arvus. 

arvus, -a, -um,[ ^/ar (aro) + vus], 
adj., ploughed. — Neut., land (cul- 
tivated), a field. — Transferred: 
arva Neptunia {the sea). — a 
shore, a coast. — the female organs 
of generation. 

arx, areis, [ y'arc (in arceo, area) 
as stem], f., a castle, citadel, strong- 
hold. — Less exactly, a height: co- 
eli. — Of mountains, peak, summit. 

Asbytes, -ae, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Ascauius, -ii, [Gr, 'Aovcaj/iss], m. : 



1. A son of yEneas and Creiisa, 

called also lulus ; 2. A river and 

lake in Bithynia. 
ascendo, see adscendo. 
ascensus, see adscensus. 
ascisco, see adscisco. 
Ascraeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'AcntpaTos,'] 

adj., of Ascra, a town in Boeotia ; 

Ascrcean : senex (i.e., Hesiod). 

— Less exactly, of Hesiod : carmen 
(i.e., rural). 

asellus, -I, [tasin6 + lus],m. dim., 
a little ass, an ass's colt. 

Asia, see Asius. 

Asllas, -ae, [?],'m., an Etruscan 
warrior. 

asilus, -1, [?],m., a gadfly, horsefly. 

Asius, -a, -um, [Gr. Actios^, adj., of 
or pertaining to Asia, a town of 
Lydia, Asian : palus (the marsh 
of the Cayster, near that town) . — 
Fern., the province of Asia (Minor). 

— the whole region Asia. 
Asius, ji, m.j a Lycian with ^Eneas. 
aspecto, see adspecto. 
aspectus, see adspectus. 
asper, -era, -erum, [unc. root + 

rus], (-ior, -errimus], adj., 
rough, uneven : rubus {prickly) ; 
signis pocula ; sentes. — Of taste 
and smell, harsh, sour, bitter, acrid, 
pungent. — Fig., rough, harsh, 
hard, bitter, violent, .cruel, fierce : 
non asper egenis {u?ifeeli?tg) ; 
studiis asperrima belli ; odia. 

— Of animals, wild, savage. — Of 
circumstances, cruel, adverse, dis- 
tressing. 

aspergo, see adspergo. 

aspero, -avi, -atum, -are, [fas- 
pero-], 1. v. a., make rough or tin- 
even, roughen : glacialis hiems 
aquilonibus asperat undas. 

aspersus, see adspersus. 

aspicio, see adspicio. 

aspiro, see adspiro. 

asporto (abs-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[abs-porto], 1. v. a., carry or bear 
a -way, carry off, take away (of per- 
sons or things) : comitem aspor- 
tare Creusam. 



Vocabulary. 



29 



Assaracus, -i, [Gr. 'Ao-oxtpaKos], m., 
Assaracus, a king of Phrygia, son 
of Tros, brother of Ganymede and 
Ilus, father of Capys, and grand- 
father of Anchises. 

assensus, see adsensus. 

assentio, see adsentio. 

asservo, see adservo. 

assideo, see adsideo. 

assidue, see adsidue. 

asslduus, see adsiduus. 

assimilis, see adsimilis. 

assimulatus, see ads-, 

assimulo, see adsimulo. 

assisto, jee adsisto. 

assuesco, see adsuesco. 

assuetus, see adsuetus. 

assultus, see adsultus. 

■assum, see adsuni. 

assurgo, see adsurgo. 

Assyrius, -a, -urn, [Gr. 'Aaavpios], 
adj., of Assyria (a vaguely-bound- 
ed country of Asia), Assyrian. — 
Masc. plur., the Assyrians. — Less 
exactly, of all people of that region, 
Median, Phoenician, &c. 

ast, older form of at. 

asto, see adsto. 

astringo, see adstringo. 

astrum, -i, [Gr. aorpo^], n., a star, 
a constellation, a luminous celes- 
tial body. — As divinities : astra 
vocat. — Less exactly (in plur.), 
heaven, the skies, on high : sub 
astra (up to the sky) ; sic itur ad 
astra (to the gods) . • 

Astur, -uris, m., an Etruscan. 

astus, us, [?], m., craft. — In abl. 
(of manner), craftily, cunningly, 
with craft. 

Astyanax, -actis, (ace. Asty- 
anacta), [Gr. 'Aarudua^, m., 
son of Hector and Andromache; 
at the destruction of Troy cast 
down by Ulysses from a tower. 

asylum, 1, [Gr. aauKov (unspoiled, 
i.e., a place safe from violence)^, 
n., a place of refuge, a sanctu- 
ary, asylum. — Esp., the asylum 
(opened by Romulus on the Ca- 
pitoline hill). 

at (ast), [? cf. ad], conj., adding a 



contrasted but not opposite idea, 
but yet, and again, on the other 
hand, still. — Of mere transition, 
but, now. — Adding a contrary or 
opposite idea, but, but on the other 
hand, on the contrary. — After a 
negative idea, but at least, but, yet 
still: si genus humanum . . . 
temnitis (= not regard) ; at spe- 
rate deos, etc. 

atavus, -1, [ad-avus], m., a great-' 
great -great -grandfather. — Less 
exactly,^;;? ancestor, a forefather/ 

ater, -tra, -trum, [?], (trior), 
adj., black, dark, opp. to albus 
(dead white), cf. niger (jet black). 
— Fig., black, dark, gloomy, dis- 
mal, sad, melancholy, foreboding : 
timor; ignes (funereal)-, ve- 
nenum (deadly) ; speluncae. 

Athesis, -is, [?], m., a river in 
Upper Italy (now the A^ige or 
Etsch) . 

Athos (gen. not found ; abl. 
Athone ; dat. and abl. Atho ; 
ace. Atho, Athon, Atnonem, 
and Athona), [Gr. "Adas, later 
"Adoov, -(tivos~\, m., Athos, a high 
mountain on the Strymonian Gulf, 
in Macedonia (now Monte Santo) . 

Atina, -ae, [Gr. "Ativol], f., a town 
of Latium. 

Atinas, -atis, m., a Latin. 

Atius (Att-), -1, [?], m., a Roman 
gentile name : Atii genus. 

Atlas, -antis, [Gr/ArAas], m., king 
of Mauritania, son of Iapetus and 
Clymene, a lover of astronomy ; 
changed by Perseus, with the aid 
of Medusa's head, into Mount At- 
las, because he refused him a hos- 
pitable reception. — The mountain 
itself in Northern Africa. . 

Atlantis, -idis, [Gr. patronymic], 
f., a female descendant of Atlas, 
daughter of Atlas. — Plur., the Plei- 
ades, his daughters (as a constel- 
lation). 

atque, ac, [ad-que], conj., adding 
with emphasis, stronger than et, 
and also, and besides, a.nd even, 
and in fad, and. — Adding somer 



30 



Vocabulary. 



thing unexpected or particularly 
important, and lo, and then. — In 
comparisons (— quam), than, as : 
haud secus ac {just as) ; haud 
minus. ae {not less than). 

at qui [at-qui], conj., adversative, 
{but in some way), and yet, but 
nozv, yet still. 

Atrides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], m., 
son of Atreus. — Plur., the sons of 
Atreus (Agamemnon and Mene- 
laus, the leaders of the Greeks at 
Troy). 

atrium, -I (-11), [perhaps fatro + 
ium, from the blackening of the 
household smoke], n., the main 
court, the hall; of a Roman house. 

— Plur., halls, -rooms (generally). 
atrox, -ocis, [fatro- (with length- 
ened o, cf. aegrotus) + cus (re- 
duced), cf. verbals in ax}, {terri- 
ble, dire), adj., savage, fierce, zvild, 
cruel, harsh. 

attactus (adt-), -us, [ad-tactus], 
m., a touching, touch, contact (only 
in abh sing.). 

attero (adt-), -trlvi, -tritum, 
-terere, [ad-tero], 3. v. a., rub 
against, rub: vomer sulco {pol- 

. ish). — From the effect, rub off, 
wear away. — Fig., destroy, injure. 

attingo (ad-), -tigi, -tactum, 
tingere, [ad-tango], 3. v. a. and 
n., touch against, co?ne in. contact 
with, touch.' ore; dextras {reach)'. 

— Of local relations, come to a 
place, approach, reach, arrive at, 
or * attain to a place : proram 
{gain) ; te Aurora {overtake, 

find). 

attollo (adt-), no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [ad-tollo], 3. v. a., lift up, 
raise up. — Pass, or with reflexive, 
lift one's self up, rise up, rise, ap- 
pear : se in femur. — Of building, 
erect, construct, raise : immensam 
molem. — Fig., raise, rouse, lift 
up : iras (of a snake). — Pass, or 
with reflexive, rise, grow : Punica 
se gloria. 

attondeo (adt-), -tondi, -ton- 
sum, -tondere, [ad-tondeo]. 



2. v. a., shave, tri?n, clip : vitem. 
— With .the teeth, crop, gnaw, 
browse, graze on: virgulta car 
pellae. 

j attonitus (adt-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
attono. 

attono (ad-), -ul, -itum, -are, 
[ad-tono], {thunder at), 1. v. a. 
Fig., seize with divine furor, render 
frantic, infuriate, frenzy. — at- 
tonitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
frenzied, . frantic, amazed, con- 
founded^ matres. 

attorqueo (adt-), no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [ad-torqueo], 2. v. a., hurl 
(to or towards) : iaculum. 

attractus, -a, -um, p.p. of attraho. 

attraho (ad-), -xi, -ctum, -ere, 
[ad-traho], 3. v. a., drazv to or 
towards one's self. — Fig., draw, 
attract, allure. 

attrecto (adt-), -avi, -atum, -are,' 
[ad-tracto], 1 . v. a., handle, touch. 

attrltus (adt-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
attero. 

Atys, -yos, [Gr/Arus], m., a young 
Trojan. 

auctor, -oris, [y'aug-f- to?], m., 
{agent of grozuth), father, founder 
(of a family), progenitor, sire (of 
animals). — Of buildings, founder, 
builder, artist. — Fig., p'ro7uoter, 
adviser, contriver : fatis auctori- 
bus {by order of). — Of cause, 
originator, source, author: teli. 
— ^Of information, author, infor- 
mant, narrator, authority. — Of 
responsibility, security, voucher, 
surety, guarantee, authority: cer- 
tior {more trustworthy authority) : 
si Iupiter auctor spondeat {as 
a voucher). 

audax, -acis, [lost or supposed 
verb-stem (cf. audeo) + cus (re- 
duced)], adj., daring (in good and 
bad sense), bold, courageous, fear- 
less, undaunted : populus. — More 
commonly in bad sense, bold, au- 
dacious, rash, presumptuous, fool- 
hardy, reckless : coepta ; audax 
viribus {presuming on). 

audens, entis, p. of audeo. 



Vocabulary. 



31 



audeo, ausus sum, -ere, (subj. 
pres. ausim), [noun-stem in 6, 
perhaps favido-, cf. ardeo], 
2. semi-dep., venture, dare : talia ; 
sperare. — audens, -entis, p. as 
adj., daring, bold, intrepid, fear- 
less^ 

audio, -Ivi (-il), -Itum, -Ire, [akin 
to auris, ausculto], 4. v. a, hear, 
hear of listen, learn. — Esp., hear 
(as a judge), exajnine into, in- 
quire into : dolos. — obey, heed : 
neque audit currus habenas. 

audit us, -a, -urn, p.p. of audio. 

aufero, abstull, ablatum, au- 
ferre, [ab (abs) -fero], v. a. irreg., 
take or bear away, carry off, re- 
move, shut out (of the sky, cf. eri- 
pio). — With reflexive, remove, 
withdraw, retire, depart. — With 
idea of violence or stealth, snatch 
away, rob, steal, wrest from : ani- 
mam {rob of life). — Esp., sweep 
off or away, kill, slay. 

Aufidus, -I, [?], m., a river of Apu- 
lia (now Of an to). 

augeo, -xl, -ctum, -gere, [V au g> 
causative or fr. noun-stem], 2. v. a., 
{cause to grow), produce, increase, 
augment, add to, enlarge : nume- 
rum (by joining) ; Italos (through 
one's self, and one's descendants) : 
si qua dona ipse auxi {add 
more). — Esp., load or pile up 
with something, heap upon. 

augur, -uris, [favi -f unknown 
root], comm., an augur, diviner, 
soothsayer (who foretold the future 
by observing the notes or flight of 
birds, the feeding of the sacred 
fowls, certain appearances of quad- 
rupeds, and other unusual occur- 
rences) . — Less exactly, one who 
foretells futurity by any means, a 
soothsayer, diviner, seer ; prophetic 
(in app. as adj.). 

augurium, -1 (-ii), [augur + ium 
(n. of -ius)], n., the observance 
and interpretation of omens, au- 
gury. — Less exactly, divination, 
prophecy, soothsaying, interpreta- 
tion, — a presentiment, foreboding 



(of the future) : triste per augu- 
rium. — a sign, omen, token. — 
augury (as an art). 

augur o, -a vi, -atum, -are, [au- 
gur], I. v. a., act as an augur, 
take auguries. — - Fig., surmise, 
conjecture, forebode, presage : si 
quid veri mens augurat. 

augustus, -a, -um, [faugus- (cf. 
angor, angustus) + tus], adj., 
magnified (cf. adoleo and augeo, 
honor), sacred, honorable, august. 
— Fig., venerable, magnificent, 
noble. — Masc, Augustus, title 
(used as name) of Octavius Caesar 
as emperor. 

Augustus, -i, m. ; see augus- 
tus. 

aula, -ae, (gen. aulai), [Gr. av\r,'], 
f., a court, yard, court-yard, court 
(of a house), hall. — Less exactly, 
a palace, royal court. — Poetically, 
of the queen bee, royal cell. 

aulaeum, -1, [Gr. avXaia], n., a 
splendidly wrought or embroidered 
stuff, tapestry, arras, *a covering, 
curtain, canopy, hangings. — Esp., 
the cui'tain of a theatre (which, 
with the ancients, was fastened 
below ; hence, at the beginning of 
a piece or an act, it was let down ; 
at the end drawn up. — Also, a 
covering for beds and sofas, tapes- 
try. 

Aulestes, -ae, m., an Etruscan. 
(Others read Auletes) . 

Auletes, see Aulestes. 

Aulis, -idis, [Gr. AvAfc], f., a sea- 
port of Bceotia, from which the 
Greek fleet set sail for Troy. 

Aunus, -1, m., a Ligurian. 

aura, -ae, (gen. sing., aural), 
[^/va + ra], f., air (in motion), 
a breeze, a breath of air. — In 
more violent motion, wind, a breeze, 
a blast. — Fig,, breath, breeze: 
famae. — More gen., the air, the 
atmosphere : simplex {ether = 
. aether). — As inhaled, air, vital 
air. — Opposed to the earth or to 
the world below, the heavens, the 
upper air, the upper world : ad 



32 



Vocabulary. 



auras {to the opeii air out of con- 
cealment or retirement) ; sub au- 
ras {to light). — By an unc. con- 
nection of ideas, a gleam, glitter- 
ing : auri. — From association, 
an odor, exhalation. 

auratus, -a, -um, [as if p.p. of 
auro (which was perhaps in use, 
cf. inauro)], adj., {set with gold), 
overlaid, ornamented, or plated 
with gold, gilt, gilded : trabes ; 
tempora {adorned with gold, i.e., 
with a helmet). * 

aureus, -a, -um, [f auro (reduced) 
-f eus], adj., golden, of gold : coro- 
na. — Like auratus, adorned, set, 
or wrought with gold, gilded : tec- 
ta ; cingula. — Fig., of color or 
appearance, gleaming, glittering, 
golden, yellow : sidera ; mala ; 
caesaries. — Less exactly, beauti- 
ful, magnificent, superb : Venus ; 
gens; saecula {the golden age). 

auricomus, -a, -um, [faurd-coma 
(declined as adj.)], adj., with gold- 
en hair. — Fig., with golden leaves 
or foliage. 

aurlga, -ae, [possibly akin to auris 
and ago, cf. a urea, headstall ], 
coram., 'driver, charioteer. — Less 
exactly, groom. 

auris, -is, [fausi- (cf. bvs, avro's)], 
f., the ear : vellere (as an admo- 
nition, the ear being the seat of 
memory). — Fig., the ear of the 
plough, the mould- or earth-board 
by which the . furrow is widened 
and the earth turned back. 

aurltus, -a, -um, [as if p.p. of 
faurio, from auri(s), cf. aura- 
tus], adj., having large ears, long- 
eared : lepores. 

aurora, -ae, [ ^us (see uro), for 
ausosa], f., the morning, dawn, 
daybreak : rubescebat Aurora ; 
nona. — Personified, Aurora, the 
goddess of the morning, daughter 
of Hyperion, wife of Tithonus,.and 
mother of Memnon. — The east- 
ern country, the East. 

aurum, -I, [ ^/us (cf. aurora, uro) 
■fum (n. of -us)], {the shining 



metal), n., gold: — Of tilings of 
gold, a goblet, a bit, a hair-band, 
gold coin, inoney. 

Auruncus, -a, -um, adj., of or per- 
taining to Aurunca (an old town 
in Campania), Aurwican : senes. 
— Auruncl, -orum, masc. plur., 
the Aurunci. 

ausim, see audeo. 

Ausones, -um, [Gr. Auowes], m., 
a very ancient name of the people 
of Southern Italy. 

Ausonidae, -arum, [Greek patro- 
nymic of Auson, supposed progen- 
itor of the Ausones, see Ausones], 
m., the Italians. 

Ausonius, -a, -um, [Auson + ius] , 
adj., Ausonian, Italian, Latin. — 
Ausonia, f. (sc. terra), Italy. — 
Masc. plur., the Italians. 

auspex, -icis, [favi-fspex, ^/spec 
as stem], comm., an augur, divi- 
ner, soothsayer. — Fig., director {see 
auspicium), guide, leader, pro- 
tector : dis auspicibus {tinder the 
guidance of the gods). 

auspicium, -1 (-ii), [fauspic- -f 
ium (n. of -ius)], n., augury (from 
bkds), auspices. — Less exactly, 
sign, omen, divine premonition : 
melioribus auspiciis. — Because 
only a commander could take the 
auspices, command, guida?ice, au- 
thority, right, power, inclination, 
will : meis auspiciis ; infaustum 
Turni auspicium {ill-omened 
rule) . 

auster, -tri, [ V u . s + ter (t-tro, c ^- 
-trum)], m., a south wind (dry 
and hot). — As an agreeable wind : 
sibilus iuvat. — As disagreeable : 
floribus immisi. — For winds in 
general: furentes. 

austrinus, -a, -um, [faustro (re- 
duced) + Inus], adj., pertain nig 
to the south, southern. 

ausum, -i, [n. of ausus, p.p. of 
audeo in pass, sense], n., an at- 
tempt, enterprise, daring deed. 

ausus, -a, -um, p.p. t>f audeo. 

aut [unc, but cf. autem and Gr. rS], 
conj., introducing an alternative. 



Vocabulary.. 



33 



— Regularly exclusive, or, or else : 
quae nemora aut qui saltus ; 
haedos depone aut si . . . vere- 
mur licet eamus {or in case, &c.) ; 
quid furis, aut quonam nostri 
tibi cura recessit ? {or if you are 
sane). — Repeated, either . . . or : 
aut Turnus aut Rhodope pu- 
erum edunt. — After negatives 
(expressed or implied) ; not exclu- 
sive, but, distributing the negation : 
quis aut Eurysthea aut nescit 
Busiridis iras; quid labor aut 
benefacta iuvant. — nee . . . aut, 
neither . . . nor ; nee Austros aut 
imbrem. — Without exclusion or 
negation : Anthea siquem videat 
aut Capyn; aut Ararim Par- 
thus bibet aut Germania Ty- 
grim. 

autem [cf. aut], conj. Introducing 
a more or less strong antithesis, 
or even a mere transition, but 
always with some contrast, but, on 
the contrary, on the other hand. — 
also, too, again, now, but then, how- 
ever, furthermore, then again. 

Automedon, -ontis, [Gr. Avtojule- 
5o?j/], m., a son of Diores and char- 
ioteer of Achilles. 

autor, -oris, etc., see auctor. 

autumnus(auct-), -I, [for aueto- 
minus, faueto (cf. augeo) + 
minus, cf. Gr. p. -julevos'], m., au- 
tumn (the season of increase). 

auxilium, -I, [akin to augeo, lost 
noun-stem + ium] , n. Abstr., help, 
aid, support, assistance, succor . 
viae auxilio {aid for their jour- 
ney'). — Concrete, usually plural, 
instruments, means, or sources of 
aid, means of assistance, resources. 
— - Esp., military auxiliaries, 
forces, allies. — Also, fig., remedy, 
help, relief. 

avarus, -a, -um, [lost noun-stem 
(cf. aveo and aviclus) + rus], 
adj., eager, eagerly desirous : agri- 
cola. — Esp., avaricious, covetous, 
greedy of money, &c. — Of persons 
or things : litus. 

avectus, p.p. of aveho. 



aveho, -xi, -ctum, -ere,[ab-veho], 

3. v. a., bear, carry, convey away : 
socios. — Pass., be carried away, 
ride or sail away : avecti {hav- 
ing sailed away) . 

avello, -velli or -vulsi, -vulsum, 
-vellere, [ab-vello], 3. v. a., tear 
or pull azvay or off, pluck out, sep- 
arate from an object by pulling, 
part or remove forcibly : Palla- 
dium. 

avena, -ae, [?], f., oats : steriles 
avenae. — Fig-, a stem or stalk, 
a straw, reed. — Poet., an oaten 
pipe, pastoral or shepherd' 's pipe. 

1 . Aventinus, -1, m. ; -um, -I, n. 
(prop, adj.), [?], the Aventine, 
one of the seven hills of Rome, 
extending from the Palatine to the 
Ccelian Hill; until the reign of 
Ancus Martius, without the city 
proper. 

2. Aventinus, -I, m., a supposed 
son of Hercules. 

Avernus, -a, -um, adj., of ox belong- 
ing to lake Avernus, in the neigh- 
borhood of Cumse, Puteoli, and 
Baiae, almost entirely enclosed by 
steep and wooded hills (now Lago 
d : Aver no) . Its deadly exhalations 
killed the birds flying over it ; 
hence in fable it was placed near 
the entrance to the lower world. 

— Neut. plur , Averna, -orum, 
the neighborhood of Avernus, places 
near or about Avernus, the lower 
world. 

aversus, -a, -um, p.p. of averto. 

'averto (avor-, abv-), -tl, -sum, 
-tere, [ab-verto], 3. v. a., turn 
away, avert, turn off, turn aside, 
keep off {by turning aside) : regem 
Italia. — Pass, or with reflexive 
(sometimes without), turn azvay, 
depart, retire, withdraw. — From 
driving away booty, carry off, steal. 

— Fig., turn azvay, divert, keep 
off. — avert, zvardoff : omen ; ca- 
sum ; pestem {remove) ; curas 
{end ). '— aversus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., turned or turning away -, 
withdrawn, retiring, looking as- 



34- 



Vocabulary, 



kance. — Fig., averse, unfriendly, 
hostile, estranged. 

aviarius, -a, -um, [f avi + arms], 
adj., pertaining to birds, of birds, 
bird- : rete (bird-net). — Neut., a 
place where birds are kept, a poultry - 
yard, an . aviary. — Less exactly, 
the resort of wild birds in a forest. 

avidus, -a, -um, [favo- (whence 
aveo) + dus], adj., longing, desir- 
ous, eager : medullae (buriting 
with passion). 

avis, -is, [?], f., a bird. 

avltus, -a, -um, [noun-stem akin to 
avus + tus, cf. auritus], adj., of 
or belonging to a grandfather, de- 
rived from a grandfather. — Less 
exactly, of or belonging to an an- 
cestor, ancestral : solium. 

avius, -a, -um, [ab-via (inflected 
as adj.)], adj., that is at a distance 
from the way, that goes out of ox is 



remote from the ivay : hence, also, 
untrodden, unfrequented : vir- 
gulta. — Neut., a pathless or out- 
of-the-way place. — Transferred, of 
persons, wandering, straying : in 
montes sese avius abdidit altos. 

avolo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ab- 
volo], i. v. n., fly away. 

avunculus, -I, [lost stem favon + 
cuius, cf. avus], m. dim., a moth- 
e7' J s- brother, maternal uncle (cf. 
patruus, paternal uncle) . 

avus, -I, [?], m., a grandfather, an 
ancestor, a grandsire. 

axis, -is, [perhaps akin to ago], 
m., an axle-tree : faginus axis. 
— 'Fig., the axis of the heavens 
(supposed to turn as spheres) ; 
the pole, the north pole. — Less 
exactly, the heavens : atlas axem 
umero torquet ; aetheris axis 
(the ethereal heaven). 



baca (bacc-), -ae, [?], f., a berry 
(either edible or not), small fruit 
(cf. pomum, larger fruit). — 
Esp., of the olive. 

bacatus (bacc-), : a, -um, [baca 
4- tus (cf. barbatus)], adj., set 
or adorned with pearls. — In later 
poets baca is used for pearls: 
monile (pearl necklace). 

bacca, see baca. 

baccar (-char), -aris, [Gr. j8a/<- 
Xapts], n., the baccar, bacchar, or 
baccharis ; a plant with a fragrant 
root, which yielded a kind of oil, 
ace, to some, purple foxglove. It 
was supposed to possess magic 
powers. 

bacchatus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
bacchor. 

Bacchicus (-ius, -eus, -eius), -a, 
-um, [Gr. adjs. {SaKXMbs, etc.], 
adj., of or pertaining to Bacchus, 
Bacchic. 

bacchor, -atus sum, -ari, [fBac- 
cho-], I. v. dep., celebrate the festi- 
val of Bacchus. — Less exactly, 
revel, rave, rage, or rant in any 



way ; go or run about in a wanton, 
wild, raving, ox furious manner : 
per urbem. — Fig., fly or run 
wildly : fama. — bacchatus, a, 
-um, p.p. in pass: sense, sought in 
revels (of a place where the orgies 
were celebrated) : virginibus bac- 
chata Lacaenis Taygeta (zuhere 
the maidens revel). 

Bacchus, -I, [Gr. Bolkxos"], m., 
Bacchus, a son of Jupiter and of 
Semele, the god of wine and of 
poets. — Fig., the vine: Bacchus 
amat colles. — wine : hilarans 
convivia Baccl^o. 

Bactra, -orum, [Gr. Binrpd], n., 
Bactra, the chief city of Bactria or 
Bactriana (now Balkh). 

Baiae, -arum, [Gr. Bata], f., a 
small town in Campania, on the 
coast between Cumoe and Puteoli, 
a favorite resort of the Romans on 
account of its warm baths and 
pleasant situation. 

balatus, -us, [fbala (stem of balo) 
+ tus], m., a bleating: agnibala- 
tum exercent. 



Vocabulary. 



35 



Balearis, -e, [cf. Gr. &a\iape?s'], adj., 
Balearic, of the Baleares, or Bale- 
aric Islands, Majorca and Minorca, 
in the Mediterranean Sea. Their 
inhabitants were famed for . the 
use of the sling. — As subst., 
Baleares, -ium, (sc. incolae), 
m., the inhabitants of the Balearic 
Isla?ids. 

balo, -avi, -atum, -are, [prob. fr. 
the sound], I. v. n., bleat. 

balsam um, -I, [Gr. £aAo-a,uoz>], n., 
a fragrant gum cf the balsam-tree, 
balsam. 

balteus, -i, (plur. baltea), [?], m., 
a baldric or shoulder-belt for carry- 
ing a sword, a belt or band for 
carrying a quiver. 

barathrum, -I, [Gr. PdpaOpoy'], n., 
ail abyss, chasm, gulf, deep pit. 

barba, -ae, [?], f., the beard, of 
men or animals : barba cadebat. 

barbaricus, -a, -um, [Gr. &ap&z- 
pitcos, adj. from @dp$apos'], adj., of 
or pertaining to a barbarian, 
foreign, strange, barbaric, bar- 
barous. 

barbarus, -a, -um, [Gr. fidpiSxpos'] , 
adj., foreign, strange, barbarous: 
barbara tegmina crurum. 

Barcael, -orum, [masc. plur. of 
Barcaeus, Gr. BapKouos~\, rs\.,Bar- 
ccBans, inhabitants of Barce, a town 
in Libya. 

Barce, -es, [Gr. Bap/07], f., the 
nurse of Sichoeus. 

Batulum, -I, n., a town built by 
the Samnites in Campania. 

Bavius, -1 (-il), m., Bavius, a bad 
poet, contemporary with Virgil and 
Horace, and obnoxious to both. 

beatus, -a, -um, p.p. of beo as adj., 
happy, prosperous, blessed, fortu- 
nate : Eurotas ; sades (Elysium). 

Bebrycius, -a, -um, adj., of or be- 
longing to Bebrycia (a province of 
Asia Minor, afterwards called Bi- 
thynia, the country of Amycus, a 
famous boxer), Bebrycian. 

Belgicus, -a, -um, [fBelga- (or 
Belgo-) + cus], adj., Belgic, of the 
Beiges or Belgians, a warlike peo- 



ple of German and Celtic origin 
dwelling in the north of Gaul. 

Belides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], m., 
a descendant of Belus (see Belus). 

bellator, -oris, [fbella- (stem of 
bello) + tor], m., a warrior, sol- 
dier , fighting- man. — As adj., that 
wages or carries on war, warlike, 
war-, ready to fight, piartial, val- 
orous : dens {the warrior-god, 
Mars) ; equus {war-horse) . 

bellatrix, -icis, [fbella (stem of 
bello) + trix], fern, adj., that 
wages or carries on war, zvarlike ; 
warrior (female). 

bellipotens, -entis, [fbello-po- 
tens], adj., powerful or valiant 
in war. — Masc, the god powerful 
in war, i.e., Mars. 

bello, -avl, -atum, are, [f bello-], 
I. v. n. ; and bellor, perhaps no 
perf., -arl, I. v. dep., wage or car- 
ry on war, to war : pictis bellan- 
tur Amaz.ones armis. 

Belloua, -ae, [unc. form (cf. pa- 
tronus) from stem of bellum], 
f., the goddess of war, and sister 
of Mars. 

bellua, see belua. 

bellum, -1, [unc. form akin to duo 
and perhaps dis-], n., war, war- 
fare. — Personified, War. 

belua (bell-), -ae, [?], f., a beast 
(large or" ferocious), a monster (as 
an elephant, lion, wild boar, whale, 
dolphin); Lernae (the Hydra). 

Belus, -I, [Gr. B?]\os, same word as 
Bel or Baal~\, m., a mythic name 
of several Eastern kings, among 
others, of several ancestors of Dido. 

Benacus, -I, m., a deep and rough 
lake in Gallia Transpadana, near 
Verona, through which the Min- 
cius {Mincio) flows (now Lago di 
Gar da). 

bene [abl. of bonus], (melius, 
optime), adv. Of every kind of 
excellence, -veil, beautifully, ably, 
rightly , honor ably , favor ably , pros- 
perously, fully, completely : olentes 
(szveet) . 

benefactum, -i, [p.p. neut. of 



36 



Vocabulary. 



benefacio], n., {a thing well done, 
absolutely), a good, honorable, 
praisezuorthy act ; good, honorable 
action ; heroic deed. — {a thing 
well done to or for some one), a 
benefit, kindness, service. 

benignus, -a, -urn, [fbon5-genus 
(^/gen -f us), of good birth'], adj., 
Of persons as to feelings or beha- 
vior, good, kind, friendly, pleasing, 
favorable, mild, benignant, kindly. 
— Transferred, kindly, friendly : 
mens. 

Berecyntius, -a, -um, (-cyiithi- 
us), [Gr. BepeKvi/TLOs], adj., of or 
pertaining to Berecyntus, a moun- 
tain in Phrygia, sacred to Cybele, 
on the river Sangarius, Berecyn- 
tian. — Fern., the Berecyntian god- 
dess or mother (Cybele). 

Beroe, -es, [Gr. Bep6rf\, f . : I. One 
of the Oceanidse, or ocean nymphs ; 
2. The wife of Doryclus of Epirus, 
in the Trojan company. 

Bianor, -oris, [Gr. &ia, avrjp'], m., 
an ancient hero, the founder of 
Mantua. 

bibo, bibi, bibitum(?), bibere, 
[redup. -y/pa (in potus)], 3. v. a., 
drink : Ararim Partnus bibat 
{drink of) ; ut gemma bibat. — 
Of things, imbibe, drink, drink in : 
sat prata biberunt ; bibit ingens 
arcus {draw water, of the rain- 
bow) . — Fig. : longum amorem 
{drink in long draughts of love, 
of Dido). — Transferred, bring 
forth or draw forth, drink (cf. 
haurio) : hasta bibit cruorem. 

bibulus, -a, -um, [lost stem fbibo 
-f- lus], adj., drinking readily or 
freely. — Fig., of things, that draws, 
sucks in, or absorbs moisture, bibu- 
lous, absorbent, thirsty : arena. 

bieolor, -oris, [bi (for dvi^cf. bis) 
-color], adj., of tzuo colors, two-col- 
ored : equus {dappled). 

bicornis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-cornu (weakened)], adj., with two 
horns, two-homed. — Fig., with two 
points, two-horned, two-pronged : 
furcae. 



bidens, -entis, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 

-dens] , adj., with tzuo teeth. — Fern., 
an animal for sacrifice, victim. — 
Fig., with tzuo points, two-pronged : 
forfex. — Masc, a hoe with two 
iron teeth. 

bifer, -fera, -ferum, [bi (for dvi, 
cf. bis) -fer (^/fer+us)], adj., 
bearing tzvice a year, tzuice-bear- 
ing : biferi rosaria Paesti. 

biforis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-foris], adj., with two doors • bifo- 
res valvae {double doors). — Fig.., 
two-fold, double: biforem dat ti- 
bia cantum (because two pipes 
were used, giving a double open- 
ing)- 

.biformis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-forma (weakened)], adj., two- 
formed, tzuo-shdped ; Minotaurus 
(part man and part bull). 

bifrons, -ontis, [bi (for dvi, cf. 
bis) -frons], adj., zuith tzuo fore- 
heads ; or, *in a wider sense, zuith 
two faces, double-faced (an epithet 
of Janus). , 

bigae, -arum ; also -a, -ae, [bi 
(for dvi, cf. bis) -fagus (lost adj., 
akin to ago, cf. agilis, auriga)], 
f., a pair of horses, a span, double 
team. — Fig., a car or chariot 
drawn by two horses. 

biiugis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-iugum (weakened)], adj., yoked 
two together : equi ( pair of horses) . 

biiugus, -a, -um, [cf. preceding], 
adj., yoked two together . leones 
{yoked in pairs) ; certamen {the 
contest zvith the bigae, two-horse 
race). — Masc. plur. (sc. equi), 
two horses yoked abreast, a pair, 
spdn. 

bilinguis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-lingua (weakened, cf. bilingu- 
us)], adj., with two tojigues. — 
Fig., double-tongued, false, treach- 
eroils : Tyrii. 

bilix, -Icis, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
+ stem akin to licium], adj., zuith 
a double thread, two-threaded, two : 
ply, double : loricam. 

bimembris, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. 



Vocabulary: 



37 



bis) -membrum (weakened) ] , adj ., 
having double members. — Masc. 
plur., tworformed monsters (the 
Centaurs) . 

bimus, -a, -um, [bi (for dvi, cf." 
bis)- fhimus (lost stem akin to 
hiems), ' of two. winter s~\, adj., two 
years old, of two years, continu- 
ing two years, two-year-old. 

blnl, -ae, -a, [bi (for d\d, cf. bis) 
-f nus], distrib. adj., two (distribu- 
tively), two apiece ox for each. — 
Less exactly, two, with substantives 
plural only. — Of things that are in 
pairs or double : scyphos {a pair 
of goblets) ; bina hastilia. 

bipatens, -entis, [bi (for dvi, cf. 
bis) -patens], adj., opening in two 
ways, open in two directions, swing- 
ing : portae. 

bipennis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-penna (weakened)], adj., having 
two edges, two-edged: ferrum. — 
Fern. (sc. securis), an axe with 
two edges, double-axe, battle-axe. 

bipes, -edis, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
+ pes], adj., two-footed : equi {sea- 
horses) ; mensa. 

biremis, -e, [bi (for dvi, cf. bis) 
-renins (weakened)], adj., two- 
oared, having two oars. — As subst., 
biremis, -is, (sc. navis), f., a 
small vessel with two oars, a vessel 
zoith two rows of -benches or two 
banks of oars, ships (generally). 

bis [for dvis, case -form of duo as 
adv. (cf. cis, uls)], adv. num., 
twice, in two ways, in a two-fold 
manner: bis in hora {twice an 
hour). — With numerals, twice a 
certain number : bis senos*. — bis 
tanto or tantum {twice as great 
or as much). 

Bisaltae, -arum, m., a Thracian 
people on the Strymon. 

bisseni, see bis and seni. 

bissextus, see bis and sextus. 

Bitias, -ae, m. : I. A Trojan, son of 
Alcanor ; 2. A Carthaginian no- 
bleman. 

bitumen, -inis, [?], n., bitumen. 

bivius, -a, -um, [bi (for dvi, cf. 



bis) -via, declined as adj.], adj., 
having two ways or passages : 
fauces {double). — Neut., a place 
where two roads nieet, cross roads, 
corner. 

blandus, -a, -um, [perhaps for 
mlandus, akin to mollis], adj., 

. of smooth tongue, flattering, fon- 
dling, caressing : canes {affection- 
ate) . — Fig., flattering, friendly, 
kind, pleasant, agreeable, enticing, 
alluring, charming : laudes ; flo- 
res; gaudia {alluring). 

blatta, -ae, [?], f., the blatta, a 
night insect, moth, bee moth. 

Bola, -ae, (-ae, -arum), f., a 
very ancient town of the ^Fqui, in 
Latium. 

bonus, -a, -um, (melior, opti- 
mus), adj. Of every kind of ex- 
cellence : physical, good, beautiful, 
pleasant, fit, suitable, fair. — 
Neut. pluc., gifts of fortune, wealth, 
riches, property, goods, fortune. — 
Mental and moral, good, fit, able, 
excellent, skilful, noble, virtuous, . 
upright, honest, &c. (with inf., skil- 
ful). — favorable, propitious : bo- 
num sit {a good omen) ; bona 
bello cornus {well fitted) . — Neut. 
sing, and plur., advantage, zveal: 
bonis communibus obsto. 

Bootes, -ae, [Gr. /3ou>T7?s, plough- 
man~\, m., the constellation Bootes. 

Boreas, -ae, [Gr. Bopeas], m., Bo- 
reas, the mountain or north zvind 
(pureLat.aquilo) : Boreaepene- 
trabile frigus. — Personified, Bo- 
reas, the son of the river-god Stry- 
mon, and father of Calais and 
Zetes by Orithyia, daughter of 
Erechtheus, king of Attica. 

bos, bovis, (gen. plur., bourn), 
[cf. Gr. /3ous], comm. gen., one of 
the ox tribe, an ox, a cow : pascite 
boves {cattle). 

bracchium (brach-), -I, [?], n., 
an arm ; the whole arm, from the 
shoulder to the fingers. — From 
similarity, a branch. — Plur., the 
sail-yards. — a {natural or arti- 
ficial) outwork ; an arm for con- 



38 



Vocabulary, 



necting tzvo points in fortifications 
or preparations for besieging. — a 
side-work, mole, dike, in the for- 
tification of a harbor. 

bractea, see brattea* 

brattea (bract-), -ae, [?], f., a 
thin plate, leaf (of metal). 

brevis, -e, [for fbregvis, y'bragh 
+ us, with accidental i as in levis, 
gravis, cf. /3paxus], adj. In dis- 
tance, extent, little, small, short, 
narrozu : brevis est via. — In 
depth, small, little, shallow : vada. 
— Neut. plur., brevia, -ium, shal- 
lows, shoals. 

breviter [brevi + ter (probably 
neuter of -terus reduced)], adv. 
Of space, shortly, in a small space, 
at a short distance. — In expres- 
sion, briefly, in brief, with few 
zvords, concisely, summarily. — 
Of time, shortly, in 710 longtime. 

Briareus, -ei, [Gr. Bpiapevs'], m., 
a hundred-armed giant (also called 
ALgceon) . 

Britannus, -a, -urn, [?], adj., of 
Britain, British. — Masc. plur., 
Britons. — Also their country, 
Britain. 

Brontes, -ae, [Gr. Bpovr-qs (Thun- 
derer)], m., a Cyclops in the work- 
shop of Vulcan. 

bruma, -ae, [for brevima (old su- 
perlative of brevis, cf. infimus), 
sc. dies], f., the shortest day in the 
year, the winter solstice. — Less ex- 
actly, the winter tinie, winter. 

brumalis, -e, [fbruma (reduced) 
-halis], adj., of or pertaining to 
the winter solstice. — wintry, of 
winter: frigus. 

Brutus, -i, [brutus, heavy, dull~\, 
m., a Roman family name. — Esp., 
L. Junius Brutus, who expelled 
Tarquinius Superbus. He was saved 
by his feigned stupidity (hence the 
name). 

bubo, -onis, m. (f. only once), an 
owl, the horned owl, the cry of 
which was considered as ill-boding. 

bubuleus, -i, [fbubulo 4- cus], m., 



an ox-driver or wagoner, one who 
ploughs with oxen, a ploughman. 

buecina, -ae ; see bucina. 

bucina (bucc-), -ae, [?], f., a. 
shepherd's horn. — a trumpet : 
bello dat signum rauca omen- 
tum bucina. 

bucolicus, -a, -vim, [Gr. $ovko\i- 
/cos], adj., relating to herdsmen. — 
Only neut. plur., bucolica, name 
of the Eclogues, as the songs of 
herdsmen. 

bucula, -ae, [fbov- (bos) + cula], 
f. dim., a heifer. 

bufo, -onis, [?], m., a toad. 

bulla, -ae, [cf. bullo, bullio], f., 
a water-bubble, bubble. — Fig., a 
boss, stud. 

bumastus, -1, [Gr. $ov/j.aaros'] t f, 
the bumastus, a species of grape 
with large clusters. 

buris, -is,. [?], m., hinder part of a 
plough, plough-tail. 

Busiris, -idis, [Gr. Bovo-ipis'], m., 
Busiris, a king of Egypt, who, 
sacrihced strangers, and was him- 
.self slain by Hercules. 

bnstum, -I T [n. p.p. of unc. verb, 
but cf. comburo], n., the burned 
pyre, pyre (after burning), funeral 
pile : semusta. — the hillock raised 
over the ashes of a burned corpse , 
a tomb. — Plur., same meaning. 

Butes, -ae, [Gr. Boirr^s], m. : I. Son 
of Amycus, king of the Bebry- 
cians, slain by Dares at the tomb 
of Hector ; 2. An armor-bearer of 
Anchises and guardian of Asca- 
nius ; 3. A Trojan, perhaps the 
same as 2. 

Buthrotum, -1, [Gr. Bov0poor6v~], 
n., a maritime town of Epirus (now 
Butrinto) . 

buxus, -1, (sometimes -urn,- -1, n.), 
[Gr. 7ru|os], f, the box-tree, box- 
wood. — Of things made of box- 
wood, a pipe ox flute. 

Byrsa, ^ae, [prob. a Phoenician 
word (= Bosra), confounded with 
Bvpaa (a hide)], f., the citadel of 
Carthage, 



Vocabulary, 



39 



c. 



cacumen, -inis, [unc. stem (cf. Sk. 
kakud, mountain) + men], n., the 
extreme end; extremity, ox point of 
a thing ; the peak, top, utmost point 
(whether horizontal or perpendic- 
ular) . 

Cacus, -i, [?, cf. Caca], m., a mythi- 
cal monster of Italy who robbed 
Hercules of Geryon's cattle, and 
was on that account slain by him. 

cadaver, -eris, [akin to cado], r!., 
a dead body, a corpse. — Of beasts, 
a carcass. 

cadens, p. of cado. 

cado, cecidl, casum, cadere, 
[^/cad], 3. v. n., fall down, be pre- 
cipitated, sink down, fall : barba 
(under the shears) ; vela {are low- 
ered) ; de montibus umbrae {are 
thrown by) ; imbres {drop) . — Of 
stars, &c, decline, set * sidera. — 
In death, fall, perish, be slain. — 
Fig., happen, come to pass, befall 
one, occur to one : cadit in quen- 
quam tantum scelus {be con- 
ceived)-, quocunque res cadent. 

— decrease, diminish, perish, de- 
cay, cease, subside, abate : fragor ; 
animi {sink). — p.p. as adj.: pa- 
tria cadens {failing, going to 
ruin) . 

caducus, -a, -um, [lost stem in u 
(from ^/ead in cado) + cus], 
adj., that falls or has fallen, fall- 
ing : frondes volitare caducas. 

— Esp., of those who fall in battle, 
&c, falling or having fallen dead : 
bello caduci Dardanidae. — Less 
exactly, devoted to death, destined 
to die : iuvenis. 

cadus, -1, [Gr. kudos'], m., a large 
earthen vessel for containing li- 
quids (esp. wine), a bottle, flask, 
jar. — a fimeral urn : aenus. 

Caea, see Cea. 

Caeculus, -I, [dim. of caecus, 
fcaeco + lus], m.,a son of Vulcan, 
founder of Pneneste. 

caecus, -a, -um, [?], adj., blind. — 



Transferred, dark, invisible k con- 
cealed, secret, hidden : caligo ; 
fores; Mars {blind warfare). — 
Fig., uncertain, dubious, blind: 
fata ; undae {unknown) ; pari- 
etes {deceptive) ; ignes {mean- 
ingless, acting blindly) ; murmur 
^indistinguishable) . — blind, heed- 
less, reckless : auri amor. 

caedes, -is, [^/cad-f- -es (-is), two 
stems], f., a cutting or lopping off. 
— Of persons, a cutting down, 
slaughter, murder. — Concretely, 
a person slain or murdered ; the 
slain. — blood shed in slaughter, 
gore. 

Caedicus, -1, [?, cf. caedes], m.-, sl 
Rutulian warrior, perh. two. 

caedo, cecidi, caesum, caedere, 
[^/cad (increased, as causative)], 
3. v. a., {cause to fall), cut, fell, 
lop, cut down, hew, throw down, 
cut off, cut to pieces. — Fig., 
slaughter, slay, sacrifice. — Trans- 
ferred, shed (of blood). 

caelatus, -a, -um, p.p. of caelo. 

caelestis, -e (sometimes gen. plur., 
caelestum), [fcaelit- (stem of 
caeles, heavenly) -f tis(cf. agres- 
tis and adjs. in -ticus)], adj., {of 
ox pertaining to the heavenly), of 
heaven, heavenly, celestial ; animi 
{souls of the gods) . — Plur., comm. 
gen., the inhabitants of heaven, the 
gods. 

caelicola, -ae, [^caeli-fcola (cf. 
incola)], comm. gen., inhabitant 
of heaven, deity, god. 

caelicolum, gen. plur.; see caeli- 
cola. 

caelifer, -fera, -ferum, [fcaeli- 
fer ( yfer + us) ] , adj ., supporting 
the heavens, heaven-supporting : 
Atlas. 

caelo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f cael5-], 
r. v> a., emboss, cai-ve i?i relief, 
engrave, carve ; bipennis ; Ma- 
yors caelatus ferro {embossed on 
steel). 



40 



Vocabulary. 



caelum, -I, [?], n., the sky (cf. 
Caelo), the heavens, Heaven : ru- 
ina caeli {deluge of the sky, the 
. whole heavens "falling) ; quarta 
caeli hora {fourth hour, as indi- 
cated by the sky) ; de caelo tac- 
tae quercus {struck by lightning) . 
- — the air, atmosphere, tempera- 
ture, weather : mores caeli {course 
of the weather) . — Poetically, day. 

Caeneus, -ei,. [Gr. Kcuvevs~\, m., 
Cceneus : I. A girl originally 
named Caenis, daughter of Elatus, 
changed by Neptune into a boy. 
Ace. to Virgil, he again became a 
female ; 2. A Trojan warrior. 

caenum, -I, [?], n., dirt, filth, mud, 
mire (always with the access, idea 
of loathsomeness). 

Caere, n. indecl., (gen. Caeritis, 
abl. Caere te, f.), Ccere, a very 
ancient city of Etruria, previously 
called Agylla (now Cervetere). 

caeruleus, -a, -um, £?], adj., dark 
blue, cerulean, sea-green, green : 
angues ; colla ; glacies. — Neut. 
plur., the sea. — From similarity, 
of things connected with water, 
blue: Thybris. — Opposed to bright 
colors, dark,gloo?ny, black : vittae. 

Caesar, -aris, [?], m., a family 
name in the gens Julia. — Esp. : 
I. C. Julius Ccesar, the conqueror 
of Gaul, and the opponent of Pom- 
pey in the civil war, assassinated 
by Brutus and Cassius ; 2. C. Oc- 
tavius Ccesar, called Augustus, the 
Roman emperor, the . friend and 
patron of Virgil. 

caesaries, el-, [?], f., the hair of 
the head, the locks. 

caespes (ces-), -pitis, [?], m., 
turf, sod, the turf (grassy plain) : 
congestum caespite culmen. 

caestus (ces-), -us, [perh. ycaed 
+ tus], m., a cestus (a kind of 
glove for boxing, made of a thong 
loaded with lead and worn round 
the hand). 

caesus, -a, -um, p.p. of caedo. 

caeterus, -a, -um, caetra, -ae; 
incorrect for ceterus. 



caetra (ce-), -ae, [borrowed word 
from native Spanish], f., a cetra 
(a short Spanish buckler), a buck- 
ler. 

Calcus (Cay-),-i, [Gr. Kcukos] , m. : 
I. A river of Greater Mysia, which 
takes its rise on Mount Teuthras, 
passes near Pergamus, and falls 
into the sea at Lesbos (now the 
Mandr agora) ; 2. One of the com- 
panions of /Eneas. 

Caieta, -ae (-e, -es), f . : I. The 
nurse of ^Eneas ; 2. A town and 
harbor in Latium (now Ga'eta), sup- 
posed to have been named for her. • 

Calaber, -bra, -um, [perhaps akin 
to caleo], adj., of Calabria, .the 
country in Lower Italy from Taren- 
tum to the promontory Iapygium 
(now Terra d' Otranto), Cala- 
brian. 

Calabria, -ae, f., Calabria. 

calamus, -I, [Gr. /caA.a/xos], m., a^ 
reed, carte. — Fig., of things made 
of reeds, a reed-pipe, an arrow. — 
Less exactly, a straw of grain, a 
stalk, stem, blade. 

calathus, -I, [Gr. KaA.a0os], m., a 
wicker-basket, a hand-basket (wi- 
dening towards the top) . — From 
similarity, a milk-bowl, milk-pail ; 
a wine-cup. 

calcar, -aris, [for calcare, neut. 
of calcaris (feale + aris)], n., 
{a thing belonging to the heel), a 
spur. 

Calclias, -antis, (ace. Gr. Cal- 
chanta), [Gr. KaAxas], m., a son 
of Thestor, the most distinguished 
seej among the Greeks at Troy. 

calco, -avi, -atum, -are, [fcalc- 
{heel)~\, I. v. a., tread something • 
or upon something, tread under 
foot: mixtaque cruor calcatur 
arena {is trampled in the sand) . — 
From the result, trample in, tread 
down, press, crowd, press together 
close or firm, press in : hue ager 
ille malus dulcesque a fontibus 
undae ad plenum calcentur {into 
this let this poor soil and fresh water 
be trodden down). 



Vocabulary. 



41 



calculus, -1, [fcalc- {stone) -f ulus, 
as if calco + lus], m. dim., a small 
stone, a pebble. — Collectively, in 
sing., gravel. 

calefacio (calf), -feci, -factum, 
-facere, 3. v. a. ; pass., calef 10 
(calfio), -factus sum, -fieri, 
[unc. form (akin to caleo) -facio] , 
make warm or hot, warm, heat. — 
Fig., rouse or excite, fire, heat : 
calefactaque corda tumultu. — 
flush, cause to glow (of blushing) : 
ora calefacta {blushed). 

calefactus (calf-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of calefacio. 

calef 10, -ieri ; see calefacio. 

caleo, -ul, no sup., -ere, [lost stem 
fcalo- (cf. calidus),] 2. v. n., be 
warm or hot, glow : ture (of an 
altar). — Pies. p. as adj., warm; 
membra {still unchilled, in death) . 

Cales, -ium, f., Cales, a town in 
southern Campania, celebrated for 
its wine (now Calvi): 

calidus (caldus), -a, -um, [lost 
stem fcalo- (cf. caleo) + dus], 
adj., warm, hot. — Fig., fiery, 
spirited, fierce. 

1 . caligo, -inis, [lost stem caligo 
+ o(n), root in clam, celo], f., 
a thick atmosphere, a mist, vapor, 

" fog, darkness. 

2. caligo, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[lost stem caligo (whence caligo, 
-inis), same root as clam, celo], 
I. v. n. and a. Xeut., be involved 
in darkitess, be dark, gloomy ; 
caligans lucus. — Act., veil in 
darkness, darken, obscure : mor- 
tales visus. 

Calliope, -es, (-ea, -ae), [Gr. KaA- 
XioTrrj, KaAAi07T6ia {having a beau- 
tiful voice)'], {., the chief of the 
Muses, goddess of epic poetry, and, 
in • the poets, sometimes of every 
other kind of poetry ; the mother 
of Orpheus and of the Sirens. 

Calliopea, see Calliope. 

callis, -is, [?], m., a stony, uneven, 
narrow foot-zuay ; a foot-path, a 
mountain-path, &c. ; a path (of 
cattle), 



calor, -oris, [V ca l ( m caleo) + 
or], m., warmth, heat, glow (of 
any kind, as in Eng.). 

calta (caltha), -ae, f., a strong- 
smelling flower of a yellow color, 
perhaps marigold. 

caltha, see calta. 

calx, calcis, [?], f., the heel. — 
Less exactly, the foot : calcemque 
terit iam calce. 

Calybe, -es, f., priestess of Juno 
among the RutulL 

Calydon, -onis, (Gr. ace. Caly- 
dona),[Gr. KaAuSwz/], f., Calydon, 
a very ancient town of ^Etolia, on 
the river Evenus. It was the 
abode of CEneus, father of Melea- 
ger and Deianira, and grandfather 
of Diomedes. 

Camaena, see Camena. 

Camarina, see Cameriaa. 

Camena (-aena, -oena), -ae, 
[tcasmen (later carmen) + a, 
same root as cano], f., {goddess 
of song, cf. Pomona), a muse (the 
proper Latin name, cf. musa bor- 
rowed from Greek). 

Camerina (Camar-), -ae, [Gr. Ka- 
/jidpLua], f., a town of Sicily, by a 
marsh of the same name. 

Camers, -ertis, [lost stem f earner 
(whence also Camerinus) + tis 
(reduced)], adj., of Camerinum 
(a town in Umbria, now Cameri- 
110) . — Name of an Italian warrior. 

Camilla, -ae, [cf.. next word], f., a 
Volscian heroine, killed in the war 
between yEneas and Turnus. 

Camillus, -i, [camillus, a yotmg 
religious servant, probably akin to 
cano, carmen, Camena], m., 
a name of several persons of the 
gens Furia, the most distinguished 
of whom was M. Furius Camillus, 
who conquered Veii, and delivered 
Rome from the Gauls. 

camlnus, -i, [Gr. kz/ulivos], m., a 
smelting fur nace, a forge ox smithy. 
— Plur., chimneys, the crater of' 
^Etna, where were supposed to be 
the forges of the Cyclops. 

Campanus, -a, -um, [tcampo (re- 



42. 



Vocabulary. 



duced) -f anus] , adj., Campanian, 
of Campania (a district of south- 
ern Italy) : urbs (Capua). 
campus, -I, [?], m., an even, flat 
place ; a plain, field : Mavortis 
(the Ca?7ipus Martins, a plain at 
Rome outside the walls, once be- 
longing to the Tarquins. After- 
wards it was dedicated to Mars, 
and became the meeting-place of 
the Roman people. In it was the 
tomb of Augustus and his family) . 

— Coll., land. — a level surface 
(of the sea or a rock) : campi sa- 
lis; immota attollitur unda 
campus. — Fig., a free, open space: 
liquentes {the fields of air). 

camurus (-ems), -a, -um, [akin 
to camera], adj., crooked, turned 
inwards : camuris sub cornibus 
aures. 

canalis, -is, [?], m., a channel, 
canal ; a pipe, a trough, a conduit: 
ilignis potare canalibus undam. 

•cancer, -cri, [?], m., a crab, sea- 
crab.— the Crab (the sign of the 
Zodiac). 

candens, -ntis, p. of candeo. 

candeo, -ul, no sup., -ere, [lost 
stem fcand5- (y'ean in canus, 
caneo), cf. candor, candidus], 
2. v. n., be of brilliant or glittering 
whiteness, shine, glitter, glisten. — 
Fig., glow (with a glistening color), 
be glowing hot : fa villa. — can- 
dens, -ntis, p., glistening, shin- 
ing, white : yacca. 

candidus, -a, -um, [f cando (noun- 
stem, whence candeo) + dus], 
adj ., glistening, dazzling white, pure 
white, white, clear, bright: Can- 
dida luna ; Dido {fair) ; barba. 

— Of the face of a divinity, di- 
vinely fair. — populus {the zvhite 
or silver poplar). 

candor, -oris, [stem of candeo, 
treated as root, + or], m., a daz- 
zling, glossy whiteness ; a clear 
lustre, clearness, radiance, bright- 
ness, brilliancy, splendor. 

canens, -ntis, p. of caneo. 

caneo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [fciino-], 



2. v. n., be white, gray, or hoary. 

— canens, -ntis, p., white. — 
aged: lumina. 

canis, -is, [?], comm. gen., a dog. 

— the Dog (the constellation) : 
major or Icarius, whose brightest 
star is the Dog-star (canicula) ; 
and minor, minusculus, or Eri- 
goneius (commonly called ante- 
canis). — the sea-dog; plur., and 
mythically, of the dogs of Scylla. 

canistra, -orum, [Gr. Kavavrpa], 
n. plur., baskets woven from reeds, 
bread-, fruit-, flower-, &c, baskets 
(esp. for religious use in sacrifices). 

canities, -em, -e, [canus, through 
some intermediate stem],/., a gray 
or grayish-white color, hoariness. 
— - w Fig., gray hair. 

cano, cecini, no sup., canere, 
[^/can, orig. cas], 3. v. a. and n. 
Neut., of voice or instrument, sing, 
sound, play : frondator ad auras. 

— With cog. ace, sing, recite, com- 
pose : carmina ; signum {sound) . 
— Of subject of song, sing of, cele- 
brate: reges et jDroelia; bella ex- 
hausta (Jell of) . — Of any religious 
or inspired utterance, repeat, recite, 

prophesy, foretell, interpret : vota 
Iunoni. — Of things, forebode. 

Canopus, -1, [Gr. Kdi/wfSos, Kavui- 
iros~\, hi., an island-town in Lower 
Egypt, on the western mouth of 
the Nile. 

canor, -oris, [-^can + or], m., mel- 
ody, tone, sound, song. 

canorus, -a, -um, [perhaps canor 
-f us, but cf. decorus], adj., of or 
pertaining to melody, melodious, 
har monious, sounding : aves (tune- 
ful)-, Threicia fretus cithara 
fidibusque canoris. 

cantharus, -1, [Gr. K&vQapos]. m., 
a cantharus (a large, wide-bellied 
drinking-vessel with handles), a 
tankard, pot (esp., used by Bacchus 
and his followers). 

canto, -tavl, -tatum, -tare, [fcan- 
to], 1. v. n. and a. intens., produce 
(with energy) melodious sounds, 
sound, sing, play. — Neut. : Area- 



Vocabulary. 



43 



des ambo, et cantare pares, etc. 

— Act. with cog. ace, sing, play, 
recite. — With ace. of the subject 
of soi>g, sing, celebi' ate or praise in 
song, sing of: dignus cantari. — 
Esp., use enchantments ; utter 
spells, charms, or iiicantations : 
frigidus in pratis cantando rum- 
pitur anguis (by spells) . 

cantus, -us, [ ^can + tus], m., 
tone, sound, melody, singing, song. 

— Of instruments, blast. 
canus, -a, -um, [?], adj., gray, 

ash- colored, hoary, white : fluctus ; 
fides {clothed in white) ; mala 
{downy, quinces). 

capella, -ae, [feapro- (cf. ager) 
+ la], f. dim., a she-goat. 

Capenus, -a, -urn, adj., of Capeiia 
(a Tuscan town founded by the 
Veientes). 

caper, -pri, [?], m., a he-goat, a 
goat. ^ 

capesso (-isso), -essivl or -essii, 
-essitum, -essere, [akin to capio 
through a noun-stem], 3. v. a. de- 
sider., seize, take, or catch at eager- 
ly ; lay hold of. — Of place, strive 
after, make for, betake one's self to, 
endeavor to arrive at, go to, repair 
or resort to : tuta (seek) ; Italas 
oras. — Fig., take hold of any thing 
with zeal, take upon ones self, take 
charge of, undertake, enter upon, 
engage in : iussa ; arma (lake 
up) ; regna (take the throne) . 

Caphareus, -ei, [Gr. Kacf>ap5vs],m., 
a rocky promontory on the south- 
ern coast of Eubasa (now Capo del 
Oro). 

capio, cepi, captum, capere, 
[^/cap], 3. v. a. In the widest 
sense, take, lay hold of, seize : saxa 
manu. — Of a position, take pos- 
session of, seize, hold, occupy : tu- 
mulum. — With ante, anticipate. 

— Also, receive, hold, contain. — 
Fig., comprise, contain, include, 
have space for : unda se capit 
(keep within its bounds). — Fig., 
take, lay. hold of, seize, resort to : 
orgia (begin) . — Of physical pow- 



ers (so only pass.), be injured, 
impaired, weakened : oculis cap- 
tus (blinded) . — Of the mind, win 
or gain by fair or foul means, 
captivate, ensnare, enchain; mis- 
lead, seduce, delude, deceive : ima- 
gine (deceive) ; capta, of Dido 
(betrayed ) . — With the passions, 
&c, as subjects, seize, lay hold of, 
affect : captus amore ; te demen- 
tia cepit. — captus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., captttred, captive, capti- 
vated.^ — Masc, a prisotier, captive. 

capistrum, -I, [fcapid- (akin to 
capio) -f trum], n., (a means of 
holding), a halter, head- stall for 
animals. — Esp., a nose-piece or 
•muzzle, with spikes to prevent 
young animals from sucking after 
they have been weaned. 

Capitolium, -1, [developed *from 
fcapit-], n., the Capitol at Rome. 
— Also plural. 

capra, -ae, [f. of same stem as 
caper], f., a she-goat (either tame 
or wild) . 

caprea, -ae, [feapro (reduced) -f- . 
ea], f., a species of wild goat, a roe, 
roebuck. 

Capreae, -arum, [feapro- (re- 
duced) + ea, cf. caprea], f., an 
island in the Tuscan Sea, off the 
Bay of Naples (now Capri). 

capreolus, -1, [fcapreo- (cf. ca- 
prea) + lus], m., a species of wild 
goat, chamois, roebuck. 

caprigenus, -a, -um, [fcapro- 
genus (-y/gen + us)], adj., goat- 
begotten, goat-bom, of the goat 
kind : pecus. 

captivus, -a, -um, [stem akin to 
captus + vus], adj., taken priso- 
ner, captive. — Masc, a prisoner, 
captive. — Fern., a female prisoner 
or captive. — Of animals, caught or 
taken. — Of things, captured, plun- 
dered, taken as booty, spoiled, taken 
by force : vestis. — Less exactly, 
that pertains or belongs to captives, 
captives" : sanguis. 

capto, -avi, -atum, -are,[f capto-], 
I. v. a. intens., strive tor seize, lay 



44 



Vocabulary. 



hold of a thing with zeal, &c. ; 
catch or snatch at. — Fig., strive 
after, desire earnestly, • seek, ex- 
plore, search : frigus ; auribus 
aera {listen to catch). 

captus, -a, -um, p.p. of capio. 

Capua,, -ae, f., the chief city of 
• Campania (now the village of Sta. 
Maria). 

capulus, -I, [fcapo- (^/cap, cf. 
capistrum) + lus], m., {holder), 
the hilt of a sword, the handle of 
any thing. 

caput, -itis, [akin to Eng. head], 
n., the head (in all senses). — Of 
animals (cf. corpus), head, crea- 
ture : trigirita capitum fetus ; 
huic capiti {to me) . — chief, prin- 
cipal, ruler, head, author, cause : 
unbibus (of Rome). — Of things, 
head, top, swiunit, end. — Of riv- 
ers, source. — Of a city personified : 
alias inter caput extulit urbes 
•(of Rome). 

Capys, -yos, [Gr. Ka7rus], m. : I. A 
companion of ^Eneas, said to have 
founded Capua ; 2. The eighth 
king of Alba in Latium. 

Car, -aris,(acc.plur.Gr.Caras),m., 
a Carian (of Caria, in Asia Minor). 

carbaseus (-inus), -a, -um, [fcar- 
baso- (reduced) + eus], adj., of ox 
made of flax or linen : sinus {of 
the sails). 

carbasus, -I, (plur. -a, -orum, n.), 
[Gr. KOLpira(Tus~\ , f., Spanish flax. 
— a li7ien garment. — a sail. 

career, -eris, [Gr. KoipKapo u], m., a 
prison, jail. — From similarity, of 
a race-course, the barrier or start- 
ing-place. 

carchesium, -1 (-ii), [Gr. Kapxh- 
criov~], n., a cup (that is contracted 
in the middle), goblet. 

cardo, -inis, [?], m., the pivot and 
socket (by which the doors of the 
ancients were fixed, and made to 
open and shut), hinge (but not of 
the same kind as ours) . — Fig., that 
about which every thing- else revolves 
or on which it depends, turning 
point, crisis : rerum. 



carduus, -I, [?], m., thistle. 
carectum, -I, [fcarec- (later -ic) 
+ turn (n. of tus, cf. robustus)], 

n., a place covered zvith sedge. 

careo, -ul, -itum, -ere, [?],2. v. n., 
be 'without, be free from, not have : 
dolis. — deprive one's self of do 
without, resign : Latio. — be de- 
prived of: matre (of a staff cut 
from its tree). — carens, -ntis, 
p. as adj., deprived of, without : 
luce (of the dead). 

carex, -icis, [?], f., reed-grass, 
sedge. 

carina, -ae, [?], f., the botto?ji of a 
ship, the keel. — Fig., a vessel, boat, 
ship. — Plur., the Keels, a place in 
Rome between the Caslian and Es- 
quiline hills. 

carmen (old form casmen), -inis, 
[^/cas (in cano) + men], n., a 
poem, poetry, song, lay, verses, lines. 
— a response of an oracle ; a 
prophecy, prediction, as being usu- 
ally given in verse. — a magic for- 
mula, an incantation. — Less ex- 
actly, a tune, song, air, strain 
(vocal, instrumental, or of birds). 

Carmentalis, -e, [f Carmenti- (re- 
duced) + alis, or Carmenta + lis], 
adj., of or pertaining to Car men- 
tis : porta (a gate of Rome, named 
from Carmentis). 

Carmentis, -is, (elsewhere Car- 
menta), [ f carmen f tis (or ta), 
cf. sementis, agrestis], f., {the 
prophetic ox predicting one, cf. car- 
men), the mother of Evan'der, who 
went with him from Arcadia to La- 
tium, and uttered oracles on the 
Capitoline Hill ; afterwards hon- 
ored as a goddess. 

carnis, -is ; see caro. 

Carpathius, -a, -um, [fCarpatho- 
(reduced) + ius], adj., Carpathian, 
of Carpathus (an island in the 
/Egean, now Scarpanto). 

earpo, -si, -turn, -ere, [akin to 
Gr. Kapiros, Eng. harvest], 3. v. a., 
pick, pluck, pluck off, crop, gather, 
cull (plants, flowers, fruits, &c.) : 
primus vere rosam atque au- 



Vocabulary. 



45 



tumno carpere poma. — Also of 
animals, crop, pluck off,. graze on, 
eat (plants, &c.) : videbat car- 
pere gramen equos. — Fig., with 
the idea of plucking, taking, and 
enjoying extended in various ways : 
pensa {spin); somnos .(enjoy) ; 
vitales auras (breathe) ; viam, 
etc. (tread, pursue, cleave, cf. 
" pick one's way") . — Of the effect 
of plucking, ivear away, consume, 
zvaste : regina caeco carpitur 
igni (is wasted) . 

Carthago (Kar-), -inis, [prob. 
borrowed from Gr. Kapx^Sdjy, but 
orig. Phoenician, meaning Neiv 
Town~\, {., Carthage, the famous 
city in North Africa (near modern 
Tunis), once the rival of Rome. 

car us, -a, -um, [perhaps akin to 
careo], adj., dear, precious, val- 
' ued, esteemed, loved. 

casa, -ae, [?], f., a simple or poorly, 
built house, a hut, cottage, cabin, 
shed, &c. : humiles habitare casas. 

caseus, -I, [?], m., cheese. 

casia, -ae, [Gr. Kaaia], f. : I. A tree 
with an aromatic bark, like cinna- 
mon, prob. the wild cinnamon; 
2. A fragrant shrub-like plant, 
mezereon. 

Caslnum, -I, [?], n., a Roman col- 
ony in Latium (now Monte Casino). 

Casmilla, -ae, [cf. Camillus], f., 
the mother of Camilla. 

Casperia, -ae,[?],f., a town of the 
Sabines. 

Caspivis, -a, -um, adj., of ox belong- 
ing to the Caspii (a nation of Me- 
dia) ; Caspian : regna. 

Cassandra, -ae, .[Gr. Kaaadudpa], 
{., a daughter of Priam and He- 
cuba, priestess of Apollo. Endowed 
by him with prophetic powers, she 
continually proclaimed the destruc- 
tion of Troy, but, according to the 
terms of the gift, was believed by 
no one. 

casses, -ium, .[?], m. plur., hunting- 
net^ snare. — From similarity, a 
spider's web. 

cassida, -ae; see cassis. 



cassis, -idis, (-ida, -ae), [?], f., a 

helmet. 
cassus, -a, -um, [.p.p. of quatio?], 

adj., empty, void, holloiv. — Fig., 
wanting, devoid of, deprived of, 

% ivithout : (with abl.) lumine cas- 
' sus. — vain, empty, useless, futile, 
fruitless. — Neut. ace, in cassum, 
incassum, in vain, vainly, idly : 
studio incassum gestiri (with an 
idle desire, &c). 

Castalia, -ae, [Gr. KacrraXia], f., a 
fountain of Parnassus, sacred to 
Apollo and the Muses. 

castanea, -ae, [Gr. Kacrrapea, f . adj . 
from K(i(Travov~\ , f., chestnut-tree. 

— Also, a chestnut : nuces (in adj. 
sense). 

castellum, -I, [f castro + lum, cf. 
ager, from fagro], n. dim.,^ cas- 
tle, fort, citadel, fortress, strong- 
hold. — Fig., shelter, defence, refuge. 

— a residence situated on a?i emi- 
nence. 

castlgo, -avi, -atum, -are, [lost 
noun-stem f castigo (f casto-ago-, 
cf. prodigus)], I. v. a., (purify), 
set right, correct, chastise, punish ; 
reprove, chide, censure, find fault 
with : moras (chide the stragglers); 
castigat auditque dolos (of a pre- 
liminary examination of criminals). 

Castor, -oris, [Gr. Kdvroop], m., a 
companion of ^Fneas. 

castorea, -orum, [castor + eus], 
n.' plur., the glands of the beaver, 
castor, musk. 

castrum, -I, [unc. root + trum], 
n. Sing., a castle, fort, fortress : 
Castrum Inui (a city of Latium). 

— Plur., (several works together), 
a fortified military camp, an en- 
campment : castra movere (break 
tip, decamp). — Of bees : cerea 
(hivey. 

castus, -a, -um, [p.p. of unc. root], 
adj., morally pure, unpolluted, 
spotless, guiltless (of persons or 
things) : nulli fas casto scelera- 
tum insistere limen. — ¥^o.,pure, 
chaste, continent : matres. — pious, 
religious, holy, sacred (of persons 



4 6 



Vocabulary. 



or things) : hac casti maneant 
in religione nepotes. 

casus, -us, [ycad+tus], m., a 
falling down, afall,8ic. — Esp., a 
fall, overthrow. — Fig., of time, the 
end: hiemis. — Generally, (ivhaj 
befalls), an occurrence, event, ac- 
cident, chance : sub hoc casu (at 
this crisis)\ casus (fate, collec- 
tively) ; marini (dangers of the 
sea). — Esp., an adverse event, a 
bad condition, a misfortune, mis- 
hap, calamity. 

catela, -ae, [a Celtic word], f., a 
kind of missile weapon. 

catena, -ae, [?], f., a chain, a fetter. 

caterva, -ae, [?, cf. catena], f., a 
crowd, troop, band of men. — Esp., 
a body of soldiers, a troop, com- 
pany, band. — Of animals, a flock: 
avium. 

caterva tim [f caterva + tis, ace], 
adv., in companies, in troops, in 
or by flocks: catervatim dat 
stragem. 

Catilina, -ae, [fCatilo (reduced) 
-f inus, f. of adj.], m., L. Sergius 
Catiline, the conspirator driven 
from Rome by Cicero. 

Catillus (-ilus), -i, m., a brother 
of Tiburtus and Coras, with whom 
he^built Tibur. 

Cato, -onis, [fcato-+o], m., (the 
Shrewd), a family name in several 
Roman gentes. — Esp., M. Porcius 
Cato, the Censor, a rigid moralist 
and puritan. — Also, Uticensis, who 
killed himself at Utica. 

catulus, -I, [lost stem fcato- + 
lus], m. dim., a young dog, a 
whelp, puppy : sic canibus catu- 
los similes . . . noram. — Less ex- 
actly, a cub, the young of animals 
in general (of the lion, of the ser- 
pent). 

Caucasius, -a, -um, [fCaucaso + 
ius], adj., pertaining to Caucasus, 
Caucasian, of Caucasus. 

Caucasus, -I, [Gr. Kawados], m., a 
chain of rough mountains, inhab- 
ited by wild tribes, in Asia, be- 
tween the Black and Caspian Seas. 



cauda (cod-), -ae, [?], f., the tail 
of animals : delphinum. 

caudex (cod-), -icis, [?], m., the 
trunk of a tree, stock, stem : cau- 
dicibus sectis.- 

caulae, -arum, [fcavo + la, dim.], 
f., openings, holes, passages. — Fig., 
sheepfolds, sheepcotes : fremit lu- 
pus ad caulas. 

caulis (col-), -is, [Gr. «auAos],m., 
a stalk, stem, or shoot of a plant, &c. 

Caulonia, -ae, f. ; -on, -onis, [Gr. 
KavKwvia], m., a town founded by 
the Achaeans on the east coast of 
Bruttium (in the vicinity of the 
present Castel Vetere). 

Caurus (Cor-), -I, m., the north- 
west wind (violent and dry). 

causa(-ssa), -ae, [akin to caveo?], 
f., a cause, reason, efficient cause, 

. motive, inducement, an occasion, 
opportunity : Romam causa vi- 
dendi ; malorum ; ad culpam. — 
Also, a feigned cause, a pretext, 
pretence, excuse : morandi. 

causor, -atus sum, -arl, [fcausa], 
I. v. dep., assign ox give as a rea- 
son (whether real or feigned), 
plead as an excuse, pretend, allege, 
&c. : causando nostros in longum 
ducis amores (making excuses) . 

cautes, see cotes. 

cautus, -a, -um, p.p. of caveo. 

cavatus, -a, -um, p.p. of cavo. 

cavea, -ae, (gen. caveai), [fcavo 
(reduced) + ea, cf. caulae], f., 
a holloiv place, a cavity. — Of bees, 
a hive. — Of a theatre, the theatre 
(the circular part in which the 
spectators sat), spectators 1 seats or 
benches : consessu caveae. 

caveo, cavi, cautum, cavere, 
[?], 2. v. n. and a., be on one's 
guard, take care, take heed, bezaare, 
guard against, avoid. — With inf., 
take care not to, beware of: occur- 
sare capro. — cautus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., careful, wary. 

caver na, -ae, [lost stem fcavus 
(-eris) + na (cf. canes)], f., a 
holloiv, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, 
hole : cavernae curvae. 



Vocabulary. 



47 



cavo, # -avI, -atum, -are, [fcavo-], 
I. v. a., make hollow, hollow out, 
excavate. *- cavatus, -a, -uni, 

p.p. as adj., hollow. 

cavus,-a, -um, [?],adj.,(prob. jtco/- 
len), cottcave > excavated, hollowed 
out, hollozu, cavernous : concha ; 
flumina {deep) . — Of a vision, 
without substance, empty, hollozu. 

Caystros(-us), [Gr. Kdvatpos~\, m., 
a river of Ionia, celebrated for its 
swans (now Little Meander) . 

Cea, -ae, [Gr. Kecws], f., an island 
of the zEgean, birthplace of Simon- 
ides, famous for .its female gar- 
ments and the fertility of its soil. 

Cecropides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], 
m., a male descendant of Ce crops. 

— Masc. plur., the Athenians, as 
descendants of their ancient king. 

Cecropius, -a, -um, [Gr. Ke/cpo- 
ttlos~\, adj., of Cecrops, Cecropian. 

— Less exactly, of Athens or Atti- 
ca, Athenian, Attic. 

Cecrops, -opis, [Gr-. Ke/cpo^], m., 
the most ancient king of Attica, 
who went thither from the Egyp- 
tian Sais, and founded the citadel 
of Athens : ace. to the % fable, half 
man and half serpent (or half man 
and half woman). 

cedo, cessi, cessum, cedere, 
[-y/ced,. simplest known form],. 
3.V. tv., go, be in motion, move, ?nake 
zuay (cf. compounds). — With dat. 
or in, come to, fall to, accrue : vie-* 
toria Turno. — Esp., retire, ihake 
zvay, depart, withdraw : litora ce- 
dentia retro {receding in the dis- 
tance) ; ab ordine. — In military 
sense, withdrazu, leave one's posi- 
tion. — ne fama cedat loco (fig., 
lose its prestige) . — Fig., pass, pass I 
away, vanish, depart, forsake one ; I 
yield, give place, submit ^of a ship j 
in a race) ; salix olivae (be infe- 
rior) ; nec cedit honore (be be- 
hind). — yield, comply. — prosper, 
succeed: res Latio (success is 
granted). 

cedrus, -I, [Gr. Kedpos], f., the ce- 
dar, juniper-tree. 



Celaeno, -5s, [Gr. KeAouyw], f., one 
of the Harpies. 

celebratus, p.p. of celebro. 

celebro, -avi, -atum, -are, [t ce- 
lebro-, orig. stem of celeber], 
I. v. a., resort or go to in great 
numbers or often, frequent : coe- 
tum ; litora ludis. — go in great 
numbers to a celebration, celebrate, 
sole??mize, keep a festival sacred, 
&c. : honor em. — honor, praise, 
• celebrate a person or thing, cele- 
brate in song, render famous, sig- 
nalize : talia carminibus. 

Celenna (Celem-), ae, f., a town 
of Campania. 

celer, -eris, -e, [^/cel + rus (re- 
duced)], adj., (urged on), szuift, 
quick, fleet, speedy : sagittae ; 
iaculo celer {throwing swiftly) . 

celero, -avi, -atum, -are, [f cele- 
ro-, orig. stem of celer], 1. v. a. 
and n., quicken, hasten, hasten on. 

Celeus, -el, [Gr. KeAevs], m., a 
king of Eleusis, father of Triptole- 
mus. 

cella, -ae, [?], f., a storehouse. — 
Transferred, a cell (of bees). 

celo, -avi, -atum, -are, [akin to 
elam], 1. v. a., hide, conceal, keep 
secret something from one, cover. 

celsus, -a, -um, [p.p. of cello as 
adj.], adj., raised high, extending 
IPpzuards, high, lofty : naves. 

centaureum(-ion), -i, [Gr. kzvtolv- 
peioz/and K€vravpiov~\, n., centaury, 
a kind of gentian, a plant with a 
fragrant root. 

Centaurus, -1, [Gr. K^vravpos'], m., 
a Centaur. The Centaurs were 
wild people in the mountains of 
Thessaly, who fought on horse- 
back ; ace. to fable, monsters of 
a double form (the upper parts 
human, the lower those of a 
horse), sons of Ixion and of a 
cloud in the form of Juno. — Also, 
the name of a ship- (hence fern.), 
the Centaur : magna. 

eenteni, -ae, -a, (poet., -us, -a, 
-um), [stem of centum (length- 
ened) + nusj, distrib. num. adj., 



4 8 



Vocabulary. 



a hundred each, ' a hundred. — 
Collectively : centena arbore. 

centum, [?], indecl. num. adj., a 
hundred, indef., as Eng. 

centumgeminus, -a, -um, [cen- 
tum-geminus] , adj., a hundred- 
fold; Briareus (having a-hundred 
arms). 

cera, -ae, [akin to Krjpos, perhaps 
borrowed], f., zvax. 

cerasus, -I, [Gr. /cepatros], f., the 
cherry-tree (brought from Cerasus, 
in Pontus.). 

ceraunius, -a, -um, [Gr. K*pavvios~\ , 
adj., of thunder and lightning.— 
Esp. masc. plur., Ceraunii mon- 
tes, the Ceraunian mountains in 
Epirus (now Monti delta Chimce- 
ra). — Neut. plur., the Ceraunia7i 
mountains. 

Cerberus, -I, [Gr. KepjSepos], m., 
the three-headed dog that guarded 
the entrance to the Lower World. 

Cerealis, -e, [stem akin to Ceres 
-f alis], adj., of Ceres, wheaten : 
solum (of a cake used as a plate 
or trencher). — More generally, 
perta i?i ing to gra in, agricultural : 
arma {tools of the husbandman). 

cerebrum, -I, [unc. stem (cf. cer- 
nuus) + brum], n., the brain. 

Ceres, -eris, [^/ce r .( root of cres- 
co) + es, cf. pubes]. f., the god- 
dess of grain, daughter of Saturn 
and mother of Proserpine. — In 
prob. earlier meaning, gra in, flour, 
bread. 

cereus, -a, -um, [cera (reduced) 
+ eus], adj., of wax, waxen, 
waxy: castra (of bees, 7va'xy 
fortress). — Of color and appear- 
ance : pruna. 

cerintha, -ae, [Gr. K7)pivQyf\ , f., a 
plant furnishing food for bees. 

cerno, crevi, cretum, cernere, 
[^/cer (ere), suffix fna], 3. v. a., 
sift, separate (cf. cribrum, sieve). 
— Fig. (with obj. or without), dis- 
tinguish, see, discern: ut cernis. — 
Decide by contest, contend, fight : 
ferro. — certus, -a, -um, p.p., 
decided, fixed, certain, prescribed: 



foedus. — Esp. : certum est, it 

is determined, one is resolved. — 
Personally, deter minted, resolved 
to : eundi ; mori. — From another 
point of view, fixed, established, 
undisturbed, sure : domus ; re- 
quies ; certissima proles {un- 
doubted). — So also of persons,. 
certain, sure, unswerving, steady, 
trustworthy, unerring, faithful. — 
Of a mental state, certain, sure : 
certum (certiorem) facere {in- 
form, make known to one). . 

cernuus, -a, -um, [akin to cere- 
brum], adj., head-downwards : 
incumbit cernuus. 

certamen, .-inis, [certa- (stem of 
certo) + men], n., {act or means 
of contending) , contest (either hos- 
tile or friendly), struggle, battle, 
fight ; match, rivalry. 

certatim [fcerta+tis, ace, cf. par- 
tim], adv., earnestly, eagerly, in 
eager rivalry (often translated by 
a verb, vie with each other in, &c). 

certe [abl. of certus], adv. In 
affirmation, certainly, surely, as- 
suredly. — Opposed to a conces- 
sion, yet surely, at least, at any 
rate, still at any rate. 

certo, avl, -atum, -are, [f certo-], 
I. v. n. and a. intens., {decide by 
contest, cf. cerno), contend (with 
hostility or otherwise), fight, strive, 
struggle, einulate, vie ivith, rival : 
remi ; muneribus ; solus tibi 
certat Amyhtas. — With infin., 
strive, endeavor : Phoebum supe- 
rare canendo. 

certus, -a, -um, p.p. of cerno. 

cerva, -ae, [?, akin to cornu and 
cerebrum], f., a hind. 

cervix, -Icis, [akin to cerebrum], 
f., the neck, the back of the neck 
(for carrying burdens), .back or 
shoulders. 

cervus, -I, [root of cornu + vus], 
m., a stag, a deer : levis. 

cespes, -itis, see caespes. 

cesso, -avl, -atum, -are, [fcesso- 
(p.p. of cedo)], 1. v. a. intens., 
{give way, cf. cedo), hang back, 



Vocabulary. 



49 



delay, cease, stop, abate, hesitate, go 
by a roundabout way, loiter : ge- 
nus telorum. — Esp., be idle, idle : 
siquid cessare potes ; quidquid 
cessatum est (whatever idleness 
has been indulged). — Also of 
things, lie idle, be inactive : nova- 
tes ; furor (abate) . 

cestus (caes-), -us, [Gr. /cecr-ros], 
m., a cestus, a thong wound round 
the hand loaded with lead or iron, 
a weapon of pugilists. 

cete, see cetus. 

fceterus (not found, cf. alter, etc.], 
-a, -am, [fee (cf. hie) + terus, 
comp. of ce], adj., the other (im- 
plying only two, cf. alter), the 
rest, the remaining, the rest of: 
rura. — Neut. plur. as adv., in 
other respects, for the rest, for the 
future, otherwise. 

Cethegus, -i, m., a Trojan. 

cetra, see caetra. 

cetus, -I, [plur. n. cete, as if fr. 
ktjtos'], rn., a sea-??ionster, whale, j 
shark, &c. 

ceu [fee (cf. hie) -ve (cf. neu), j 
or thus'], adv. With single words, 
as, like, as if. — With clauses, as 
if, as when, just as. 

Chalciclicus, -a, -um, [Gr. XclKki- 
5i«:o's], adj., of Chalcis (the chief 
city of Eubcea), Chalcidian: ver- 
sus (of Euphorion, a native of 
Chalcis). — Less exactly, of Cumce 
(a colony of Chalcis), Cumcean : 
arx (heights of Cutnce) . 

Chalybe, see Calybe. 

Chalybes, -um, [Gr. XaAv&es~\, m., 
the Chalybes, a people of Pontus, 
noted for their preparation of steel. 

chalybs, -ybis, [Gr. x^ Kv ^i\-> m -> 
steel: vulnificus. 

Chaon, -onis, m., a Trojan, the 
brother of Helenus, and epony- 
mous hero of the Chaonian nation. 

Chaonius, -a, -um, [fChaon + 
ius], adj. of Chaonia (a region of 
Epirus), Chaonian. — Chaonia, 
f., (sc. terra), the country. — Less 
exactly, of Dodo na (a city of Epi- 
rus, which whole country was for- 



merly occupied by the Chaonians) , 
Dodonian. 

Chaos, abl. Chao, [Gr. x& os ]» n., 
(a yawning gulf), the boundless, 
empty space, as the kingdom of 
darkness ; the Lower World. — 
Personiiied, Chaos (or Infinite 
Space and Darkness). 

Charon, -ontis, [Gr. Xdpcov], m., 
the ferryman of the Styx, a person- 
age probably borrowed from Egypt. 

Charybdis, -is, [Gr. Xa/>u/35ts], f., 
a dangerous whirlpool in the Strait 
of Messina, between Sicily and 
Italy. 

Chelae, -arum, [Gr. x*?W], f-, 
{the arms of Scorpio). — Less ex- 
actly, the constellation Libra (into 
which the arms extended) . 

chelydrus, -I, [Gr. x^Spos], m., 
a water-snake. 

Chimaera, -ae, [Gr. Xifiaipz (a 
goat)~\,i.: I. A fabulous monster 
in Lycia, which vomited forth tire 
(in front a lion, in the hinder part 
a dragon, and in the middle a 
goat), slain by Bell erophon; 2. The 
name of one of the ships of yEneas. 

Chiron, -onis, [Gr. Xeipcov (the one 
with a large ha?ia r )~\, m., Chiron, 
a Centaur distinguished by his 
knowledge of plants, medicine, and 
divination ; son of Saturn and 
Phillyra; the tutor of /Esculapius, 
Hercules, and Achilles ; placed 
among the constellations. 

chlamys, -ydis, [Gr. x A ^vs], f., 
a broad, woollen upper garment 
(worn in Greece), sometimes pur- 
ple and inwrought with gold (worn 
esp. by distinguished military 
men) ; a Greek military cloak, a 
state mantle. 

Chloi'eus, -el, m., a Phrygian. 

chorea, -ae, [Gr. x°P*' La (pertain- 
ing to a x°pos~\ , f ., a dance in a 
ring, a dance. 

chorus, -I, [Gr. x°P° s ~\-> m -> a cho- 
ral dance, a dance. — Of the per- 
formers, a chorus, dancing band, 
choir. — Less exactly, a multitude, 
band, troop. 



5o 



Vocabulary. 



Cliromis, -is, [Gr. XpSfiis], m. : A 

young satyr ; 2. A Trojan. 

cibus, -I, [?], m., food (of man or 
beast). 

cicada, -ae, f., the cicada or tree- 
cricket. 

cicatrix, -icis, [?], {.,. a scar. — 
Less exactly, of a plant, mark, scar, 
wound. 

Cicones, -urn, [Gr. Ki/ccwes], m., a 
Thracian people, whose women 
were fabled to have torn Orpheus 
in pieces. 

ciciita, -ae, [?], f., the poison hem- 
lock, cicnta virosa. — Less exactly, 
a hemlock stalk, or stem of some 
other similar herb used for pipes. 

cieo, clvi, cituni, ciere, (rarely 
cio, cire, cf. compounds), [^/ci, 
of unc. meaning], 2. v. a. (causa- 
tive),.^ in motion, move, stir, agi- 
tate : aequora ; equos {urge on) ; 
tonitru caelum (disturb) ; aere 
viros (rouse, stimulate). — Less 
exactly, produce, call forth, cause : 
lacrimas ; gemitus ; simulacra 
pugnae (counterfeit) ; stragem 
(make havoc). — Fig., call upon: 
animam (cf. vocare) ; nocturnes 
manes (invoke). — citus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., hurried, swift, quick. 

Ciniinus, -I, m., a lake of Etruria, 
near Sutrium (now Lago di R071- 
ciglione), with a mountain-forest 
near it. 

1. cinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of cingo. 

2. cinctus, -us, [ v'cing + tus], m., 
a girding. — Esp., cinctus Ga- 
binus, the Gabine girding, a man- 
ner of girding up the toga; its cor- 
ner, being thrown over the left 
shoulder, was brought under the 
right arm round to the breast. 
(This manner was customarily em- 
ployed in religious festivals.) 

cingo, -xl, -ctum, -gere, [as if 
^/cing, perhaps n inserted], 3. v. 
a., surround (in all senses). — Of 
persons, gird off, gird with, gird, 
gird tip ; inutile ferrum cingi- 
tur. — Of parts of the body, sur- 
round, bind on, bind, encircle. — 



Of things, surround^ encircle, en- 
close, invest : oppida muris ; ur- 
bem obsidione (beset) ; flamma 
(encompass) . 

cingulum, -I, [lost noun-stem 
f cingo- ( y/cing -f us) -f lum], n., 
a girdle, belt, sword-belt. 

cinis, -eris, [cf. Gr. kovis], m., ashes. 
— Esp. of the dead, ashes. — Fig., 
death, the .spirit or shade (of the 
departed). 

Cinna, -ae, [cf. cicinuus, Cin- 
cinnatus],m., C. Helvius Cinna, 
a 'Roman poet, friend of Catullus. 

cinnaiiium (amomum), -i, [Gr. 
niifvafAov, KivvdjjLto/j.oi'^, n., cinna- 
mon. 

Cinyphius, -a, -um, [fCinyph -f 
ius], adj., of the Cinyps (a river 
of Libya), Cinyphian. — Less ex- 
actly, Libyan, African. 

Ciuyras, -ae, [Gr. Kivvpas~], m., a 
hero of the Ligurians. Others read 
Cinyre as from Cinyrus. 

Cinyre, see Cinyras. 

circa [abl. fern, or instr. (cf. ea, 
qua), same stem as circum, cf. 
circulus], adv. and prep., around, 
about. — With ace. : lucos. — Of 
number, about, not far from. 

Circaeus, -a, -um, [as if from Gr. 
Kipizcuos, which was perhaps used], 
adj., of Circe. 

Circe, -es (-ae), [Gr. Kf'p/07], f., a 
daughter of the sun, said to have 
fled from Colchis to Circeii in Italy. 
She was famous for her sorceries, 
by which she changed her guests 
into beasts. 

Circei (-il), -iorum, [Gr. KipKe7ov~], 
in., a town (and promontory) in 
Latium, famous for its oysters, the 
supposed abode of Circe. 

Circensis, -e, [f circo (reduced) -f 
ensis], adj., of the Circus. — Masc. 
plur. (sc. ludi), the great games of 
the Circus : magnis Circensibus. 

circlus, see circulus. 

circueo, -ire; see circumeo. 

circuitus, -us, [circum-itus], m., 
a going around, a circuit, revolu- 
tion. 



Vocabulary. 



Si 



circulus (cirelus), -I, [f circo + 
lus], m., a circle, a ring, band 
(round the neck, hair or the like), 
chain : nexilis. 

circum [ace. of circus], adv. and 
prep. Adv., around, round, about. 

— Prep, with ace, around, about, 
near by. 

circumamplector, see amplec- 
tor. 

circumdatus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
circumdo. 

circumdo, -dedl, -datum, -dare, 
[circum-do, put], i. v. a., put 
around, place around : loricam 
umeris {buckle on) ; licia tibi 
{twine around}. — From another 
point of view, surround with, gird, 
encircle, enclose : muros igni ; 
lapis circumdatur auro (is over- . 
laid); armis circumdatus (ar- 
rayed, begirt) ; turbine corpus 
(envelop) . 

circumeo (circu-), -Ivi (-il), 
-itum, -ire, [circum-eo], irr. v. n. 
and a., go around. — Act., encircle, 
go round, run about : circuit Ca- 
millam (circles around) . 

circumfero, -tali, -latum, -ferre, 
[circum-fero] , 3. v. a. irr., bear 
aroujid, carry round : secum sil- 
vam ; acies (turn the eyes) . — 
From another point of view (cf. 
circumdo), encircle : socios pu- 
ra unda (lustrate). 

circumfleeto, -xi, -xum, -ctere, 
[circum-flecto], 3. v. a., bend or 
turn about, wind around : longos 
circumflectere cursus. 

circumfluo, -xi, no sup., -ere, 
[circum-fluo], 3. v. n. and a., flow 
round, flow abotit, surround (by 
flowing) . 

circumfundo, -fudf," -fusum, 
-fundere, (also separate), [cir- 
cum-fundo], 3. v. a., pour around: 
nubes circumfusa (enveloping). 

— Fig. in passive, rarely active, 
gather, crowd around, flock to- 
gether: circumfuso milite (throng- 
ing) ; iuventus circum fusa. — 
From different point of view (cf. 



circumdo), surround (by pour- 
ing) : gradientes circum dea 
fudit amictu (envelope). 

circumf usus, -a, -um, p.p. of cir- 
cumfundo. 

circumligo, -avl, -atum, -are, 
[circum-ligo] , 1 .v. a., bind around, 
bind to (by binding around). 

circumsisto, -steti, no sup., -sis- 
tere, [circum-sisto], 3. v. a. and 
n., act., crowd around, surround. 

circumsono,no perf., no sup., -are, 
[circum-sono], i.v. a. and n., act., 
cause to echo, make echo, fill with 
sound. 

circumspicio, -exl, -ectum, -ice- 
re, [circum-specio], 3. v. n. and 
a. Neut. absolutely, look about, 
look around. — Act.", look around 
at : agmina ; — look around, sur- 
vey, espy, desc?y : saxum. 

circumsto, -steti, no sup., -stare, 
[circum-sto],i.v. n. anda. Neut., 
stand around, be about, crowd 
around. — Fig. : odia. — Act., sur~ 
round. — Fig., surround, enco??i- 
pass, beset : horror. 

circumtextus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
circumtexo. 

circumveeto, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[circum- vecto], 1. v. a., carry 
around. — Pass, as deponent (cf.' 
vehor), ride around. — Fig., go 
over (in discourse) : singula. 

circumvenio, -veni, -ventum, 
venire, [circum-venio], 4. v. a., 
encompass, encircle, surrotmd : 
Cocytus. (Others read circum- 
fluit). 

circumvolito, -aw, -atum, -are, 
[circum-volito], 1 . v. n.,fly about, . 
flit around: lacus hirundo. 

circumvolo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[circum-volo 1 , 1. v. a.,fly around: 
praedam. — Fig., hover around, 
hover over ; nox. 

circumvolvo, perhaps no perf., 
-volutum, -volvere, [circum- 
volvo], 3. v. a., roll ox ttirn round : 
sol circumvolvitur annum (re- 
volves around the circle of the year). 

circus, -I, [cf. Gr. Kipnos, prob. for 



52 



Vocabulary. 



fcicrus],in., a circle. — From sim- 
ilarity, a circus, race-course. — 
Poetic, of a body of men gathered 
for sports, the conclave. 

Cisseis, -idos, [Gr. patronymic], f., 
daughter of Cisseus (Hecuba). 

Cisseus, el, [Gr. Kiaaevs'], m., (ivy- 
crowned) i I. A king of Thrace, 
father of Hecuba; 2. A Latin 
warrior. 

citatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of cito. 

Cithaeron, -onis, [Gr. Kidcupwv'], 
a mountain in Bceotia, a favorite 
haunt of Bacchus. 

cithara, -ae, [Gr. Kiddpa], f., a lyre, 
a cithara. 

cito [abl. of citus], adv., quickly : 
citias dicto (quicker than a 
ivprd). 

cito, -a vi, -atum, -are, [fcito-], 
I. v. intens., arouse, excite. — ci- 
tatus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., hur- 
ried, swift, quick : equi (at full 
speed, in full career). 

citus, -a, -um, p.p. of cieo. 

clvicus, -a, -um, [f oivi- + cus], 
adj., of a citizen, pertaining to a 
citizen (more literal than civllis) : 
quercus (the civic garland, made 
of oak leaves, and given to any 
soldier who saved the life of a fel- 
low-citizen in war). 

civllis, -e, [lengthened stem from 
fcivi -f lis, cf. Aprilis], adj., (cf. 
clvicus, which is less general), 
of a citizen, citizens, or the citizejis, 
civil, civic : quercus (the garland 
of oak leaves bestowed on a sol- 
dier who saved a fellow-citizen in 
war, cf. corona* civica, the usual 

• phrase). 

civis, -is, [V°i ( m Quies, cf. ks?- 
fxcLi) + vis (weakened from -vus)], 
comm., a citizen, a fellow-citizen, 
fellow-countryman (-woman) . 

clades, -is, [?], f., disaster, mis- 
chief loss, calamity. — Esp. in war, 
defeat, disaster, havoc. (N.B. Avoid 
slaughter^) — Poetic, of persons, 
scourge, destroyer. 

clam [unc. form (but see palam, 
ace. f.?), akin to celo], adv. and 



prep., secretly, in secret, by sur- 
prise (■= unazvares). 

clamo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fcla- 
mo- (^/cla+mus, cf. nomen- 
clator)], i. v. a. and n. Neut., 
cry out, shout, cry, clamor, exclaim. 
— With ace, call, invoke (with 
loud cry) : Hylan. — With direct 
or indirect discourse, shout, cry, 
exclaim : se causam. 

clamor, -oris, [telam (as if root 
of clamo) -f or], m., a loud cry, 
shriek, outcry, yell, shout, battle- 
cry, clamor. — Poetic, of animals 
and things, noise, di7t, roar, hunt, 
belloiving : saxa dedere. 

clangor, -oris, [y'clang (root of 
clango) -f or], m., a sound, clang, 
clangor, blare, noise : tubarum. 

Clanius, -1 (-il) ; Glanis, -is, [?], 
m., a river of Campania, frequently 
overflowing the country around, 
where was the town of Acerrse (now 
il Lagno) . 

claresco, -ui, no sup., -escere, 
[fclare + sco, cf. clareo, cla- 
rus], 3. v. n., grozv loud, grozv 
bright: sonitus armorum (in- 
crease) . 

Clarius, -a, -um, [fClaro- (cf. Gr. 
K\dpos) + ius], adj., of Claros (a 
town of Ionia, celebrated for a tem- 
ple and oraCle of Apollo), Clai'ian. 
— Masc., the Clariangod (Apollo). 

clarus, -a, -um, [ ^/cla (cf. no- 
menclator) + rus], adj., loud, 
clear, distinct. — From similarity, 
distinct, bright, brilliant, clear ; 
lux; Olympo; Aquilo (clear, 
bringing clear weather). — Fig., 

. clear, distinct, manifest, evident, 
plain : signum. — Also, renozv7ied, 
famozts, gloi-ious, celebrated : My- 
cenae. 

Clarus, -1, m., a Trojan. 

classicum, -I, [fclassi- + cum (n. 
of -cus)], n., (belonging to the 
army, see classis), a signal- for 
battle given with the trumpet. — 
Less exactly, a irtimpet. 

classis, -is, [ ^cla (cf. clamo) + 
tis (cf. K\rjais)'], f., a summoning, 



Vocabulary. 



53 



a levy) , the levy, the army, forces, 
an army, a force, — Esp., of sea- 
forces, a fleet. 

Claudius, -a, -urn, [fclaudo- 
(stem of claudus reduced) + ius] , 
adj., of Claudus {the La??ie). — 
Masc, Claudius, a Roman gentile 
name. — Claudia gens, the gens 
or clan of that name to which' the 
Marcelli and other great Romans 
belonged. 

claudo, -si, -sum, -dere, [akin to 
c la vis], 3. v. a., shut, close: lu- 
mina. — Less exactly, stop, stay, 
block up: claudite iam rivos 
{shut the gates of irrigating canals) . 
— Of the things enclosed, shut up, 
confine, hem in, enclose, house, 
pen up, surround, enco?7ipass, be- 
set, besiege, shut off, cutoff : agnos ; 
claudunt convallibus umbrae ; 
maris nos obice pontus. — clau- 
sus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., enclosed, 
confined, close shut, pent up : la- 
cus; career. — : Neut., an enclo- 
sure. 

claudus, -a, -um, [?], adj., limp- 
ing, halting, la??ie, crippled (of a 
wounded snake). 

claustrum, -1, [ ^/claud (as if root 
of claudo) + trum], n., fasten- 
ing, lock, bolt, bar. — Less exactly, 
of anything that serves the same 
purpose, door, gate, barrier : Lu- 
crino addita {dykes, levees) ; Pe- 
lori (of the sides of a strait) . 

clausum, see claudo. 

Clausus, -i, [prob. akin to Clau- 
dius], m., a Sabine, the supposed 
founder of the house of Claudius. 

clausus, -a, -um, p.p. of claudo. 

clava, -ae, [?],«f., a stick, a staff, 
cudgel, club. 

clavus, -1, [akin to clavis, clau- 
do], m., a nail, a peg. — From 
similarity, a tiller. — Less exactly, 
a rudder, helm. 

cliens, -entis, [p. of cluo, hear, 
obey\, comm., a dependant, a client. 

Clio, -us, [Gr. KAeuo], f. : I. The 
muse of history ; 2. A daughter 
of Oceanus. 



clipeatus, -a, -um, see clipeo. 

clipeo (clup-), no perf., -atum, 
-are, [f clipeo], I. v. a., arm with 
a shield. — clipeatus, -a, -um, 

p.p. as adj., armed with shield : 
agmina. 

clipeus, m., (-um, n.) , -1, [ ?] , a shield 
(round, of the Greek pattern). 

Clitius (Cly-), -i (-il), [akin to 
inclutus], m., a Trojan hero, per- 
haps more than one of the same 
name, cf. Clytius. 

Clitumnus, -1, m., a river of Umbria. 

cllvosus, -a, -um, [fclivo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., hilly. — Fig., 
steep, difficult. 

clivus, -1, [V c ^ ( as root of clino) 
-f vus], m., a slope, a hill, an in- 
cline. 

Cloanthus, -1, [Gr. akin to Cluen- 
tius], m., a Trojan leader. 

Cloelia, -ae, [f. of Cluilius, prob. 
for fClovilius, and akin to 
clueo], f., a Roman maiden who 
escaped from Porsenna, and swam 
the Tiber. 

Clonius, -I (-ii), [?], a Trojan, 
perhaps several of the same name. 

Clonus, -I, [?], m., a sculptor or 
engraver. 

Clotho (nom. and ace), [Gr. KKcc- 
6w {the spinner or spinster)^, one 
of the three Parcae, or Fates, see 
Parcae. 

cluens, -entis, see cliens. 

Cluentius, -a, -um, [fcluent-(stem 
of cliens) -f-ius], a Roman gen- 
tile name, used collectively for the 
clan. 

clupeus, see clipeus. 

Cliisinus, -a, -um, [fClusio- (re- 
duced) + Inus], adj., of Clusium. 

Clasium, -I (-Ii), [?, perhaps akin 
to claudo], n., an Etrurian town, 
formerly called Camers. 

Clymene, -es, [Gr. KAi^-ieV^], f., a 
daughter of Oceanus. * 

clypeus, etc. ; see clipeus. 

Clytius, -1 (-ii), [prob. akin to 
cluo], m., a name of several war- 
riors, cf. Clitius. 

coactus, -a, -um, p.p. of cogo. 



54 



Vocabulary. 



Codes, -itis, [codes, one-eyed], 
m., the surname of Q. Horatius, 
who, in the war with Porsenna, 
alone defended the bridge across 
the Tiber. 

coctus, -a, -um, p.p. of coquo. 

Cocy tiiis, -a, -um, [fCocyto- [re- 
duced) + ius], adj., of Cocytus, in- 
fernal : virgo (Alecto, one of the 
Furies) . 

Cocytus, -i, [Gr. KookutSs, river of 
lamentation], m., a fabled river of 
the world below. 

Codrus, -I, [Gr. KuSpos], m., a shep- 
herd, perhaps representing under 
a disguised name some contempo- 
rary poet, an enemy of Virgil. 

coelu-m and kindred words, see cae- 
lum, etc. 

ccfenum, see caenum. 

coeo, -iV' 1, -itum, -ire, [con-eo], 
irr. v. n., come together, tmite, as- 
semble, meet, gather. — With im- 
plied intent, either hostile or friend- 
ly (cf. congve&iov), join, join in 
alliance, unite, meet, encounter, 
join battle: infoedera dextrae(3* 
joined in) ; gener atque socer 
(be united). — Fig., curdle, congeal 
(cf. cogo) : sanguis formidine. 

coepio,-!, -turn, -ere and -isse, (rare 
except in perf., &c), [co-apio, 
cf. apiscor], v. act., (take hold), 
begin, begin to speak. — Pass.,. only 
in p.p. and compound tenses," usual 
with pass, infin. — "coeptus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., n., an undertak- 
ing, attempt. 

coeptus, -a, -um, p.p. of coepio. 

coerceo, -ul, -itum, -ere*, [con- 
arceo], 2. v. a., sJiut in together, 
surround, restrain,- confine, hold 
in check, restrain. — Of troops : 
postrema Tyrrhidae iuvenes 
(bring up the rear, cf. cogere 
agmen). • 

coerulus, etc., see caerulus. 

coetus (coi-), -us, [con-itus, cf. 
coeo], m., an assembling. — Con- 
cretely, an assemblage, an assem- 
bly, a crowd, throng, company (at 
a feast), flock (of birds). 



Coeus, -I, [Gr. Kotos'], m., a Titan, 

t]?e father of Latona. 

cogito, -avi, -atum, -are* [con- 
agito], I. v. a., weigh thoroughly 
in the ?nind, zveigh, reflect upon, 
think (cf. agito). — Esp. of pur- 
pose, have in mind, intend, ??iedi- 
tate upon, think upon, design, plan, 
purpose : quid Auster ? 

cognatus,-a,-um,[con-(g)natus], 
adj., akin, kindred, related (by 
blood). — Poetic: urbes (whose 
citizens are akin). 

cognitus, -a, -um, p.p. of cog- 
nosco. 

cognomen, -inis, [con- (g)nomen], 
n., family-name.— Less exactly, 
name. 

cognominis, -e, [con-f(g)nomen, 
infl. as adj.], adj., of like name: 
terra (bearing one J s name). 

cognosco,-gnovi,-gnitum, -gnos- 
cere, [con-(g)nosco], 3. v. a., 
examine, learn, inquire into, trace 
out, listen to, hear, find (learn to 

' know, with two aces.) : haec cog- 
noscite ; carmina ; casus. — In 
perf., &c, have learned, know. — 
Less exactly, recognize, . under- 
stand : matrem; quae sit virtus. 

— cognitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
wejl- known. 

cogo, coegi, coactum, cogere, 
[con-ago], 3. v. a., drive together, 
collect, gather (of fruits, &c), as- 
semble (of men, forces, &c.) : pe- 
cus ; agmina (keep in line, of the 
rear guard f or officers). — Of con- 
sistency, condense, congeal: aer 
in nubem coactus; mella. — Fig., 
force, compel, oblige (with ace. and 
infin.) : quid (cog. ace.) nonmor- 
taliapectora cogis ? — coactus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., forced : lac- 
rimae. 

cohibeo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [con- 
habeo], 2. v. a., hold together, con- 
tain,, confifie : spelunca Scyllam. 

— Fig., restrain, check, repress : 
iras. 

Conors, -ortis, [?], i.,an enclosure. 

— Fig., a company (of soldiery), 



Vocabulary. 



55 



troop, squadron. — Less exactly, ©f 
other things, band, multitude, 
crowd: cuncta cohors {line, of 
ships). 

coitus, see coetas. 

collapsus, see conlapsus. 

Collatlnus, -a, -um, [Collatia (re- 
duced) + Tnus], adj., of Collatia 
(a Sabine town) : arces. 

collatus, see conlatus. 

collectus, see conlectus. 

collectus, -a, -um, see conligo. 

colligo, see conligo. 

collis, -is, [?], m., a hill. 

colloco, see conloco. 

colloquium, see conloquium. 

colluceo, see conluceo. 

colludo, see conludo. 

collum, -I, [?], n., the neck. — 
Poetic, oi a poppy, neck. 

collustro, see conlustro. 

colo, colui, cultum, colere, 
[? y'col], 3. v. a. and n., cultivate, 
till, tend, take care of. — Less ex- 
actly, inhabit, dwell in : Pallas 
arces. — Fig., cherish, care for, 
regard, atte?id to, love, foster : te- 
lorum amorem ; reliquias me- 
orum ; vitam {lead) ; morem 
(observe). — Esp. of pious regard, 
worship, revere, honor : templum. 
— cultus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
cultivated, tilled, well kept. 

colocasia, -ae, (-ium, -1 (-il), n.), 
[Gr. KoKoKaaia or koXokoktiov^, f., 
a plant of the lily kind. 

colonus, -1, [unc. stem fir. ^/col + 
nus, cf. patronus], m., a farmer, 
husbandnian : veteres (former 
tillers).. — From the nature of an- 
cient colonies, a colonist. — Less 
exactly, an inhabitant (cf. colo). 

color, -oris, [unc. root + or (os)], 
m., color, a color, co?nplexion, 
hue. — Esp., fair co??iplexion, 
beauty. 

coloratus, -a, -um, p.p. of coloro. 

coloro, -a vi, -atum, [f color-], 
i.-v. a., color, dye. — coloratus, 
-a, -um, as adj., colored. — Esp. 
as. opposed to light or fair, dusky, 
sivarthy : Indi. 



coluber, -ubrl, [?], m., a serpent, 
snake. 

colum, -1, [?], n., a strainer, col- 
ander. 

columba, -ae, [? f. of columbus], 
f., a dove, pigeon. 

columna, -ae, [unc. root + nma, 
cf. autumnus], f., a pillar, a 
'support, a column. ■ 

colurnus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (akin 
to corulus) + nus, possibly cor- 
rupted from corulnus], adj., of 
hazel (cf. corulus), hazel : has- 
tilia. 

colus, -1 (us), [?], f., a distaff. 

coma, -ae, [cf. Gr. K6^r\\, {., the 
hair (of the head), the mane (of 
animals). — From similarity, leaves, 
.foliage, and even flowers (cf. co- 
mans) . — Also plur. in all senses. 

cOmans, -antis, [p. of fcomo, 
-are, from coma], p. as adj., 
hairy, shaggy, leafy (cf. coma), 
flowering : dictanmus flore pur- 
pureo; galea {crested). 

comes, -itis, [verb-stem (cf. com- 
meo) + tis (reduced)], comra., a 
cojJipanion, associate, follower (as 
subordinate) : senioris Acestae ; 
docta comes (guide, of the Sibyl) ; 
comes Ascanio (attendant, guar- 
dian) . 

cometes, -ae, [Gr. KOfx-^r-qs, cf. 
coma], m., a comet, shooting-star. 

cominus, see comminus. 

comitatus, -a, -um, p.p. of comito 
and comitor. 

comitatus, -us, [fcomita + tus], 
m'., (an accompa?iying), an escort, 
a company, a retinue. 

comito, -avi, -atum, -are, [comes, 
cf. comitor], I. v. a., accompany, 
follow, attend. — comitatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., accompanied, 
attended. 

comitor, -atus, -ari, [pass, of 
comito], 1. v. dep., accompany, 
follow, escort, atte?id. — Esp. of 
funerals, escort, attend. — p.p., ac- 
companying: filius classe cater- 
vas. 

commaculo, -avi, -atum, -are, 



56 



Vocabulary. 



[con-maculo], i.'v. a., stain, pol-^ 

. lute, imbrue : maims sanguine. 

commemoro, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[con-memoro], i. v. a., recall to 
mind (of one's self). — In refer- 
ence to another, remind, mention, 
recount, relate (in song), pro- 
claim, celebrate. 

commendo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[con-mando], i. v. a., commit, 
entrust. — Less exactly, commend, 
recommend. 

commercium, -I (-11), [con-fmerc 
(stem of merx)+ ium, (n. of ius), 
cf. commercor], n., traffic. — : 
Poetic : ista commercia belli 
{such bargains of war, ransom of 
prisoners). 

comminus (co-), [con-manus, 
petrified as adv., cf. eminus], 
adv., in close combat, hand to hand 
(opposed to a contest with missile 
weapons) . — Less exactly, 'without 
actual contest, close by, standing 
by, at close range : cervos obtrun- 
cant ferro. — Poetic : arva in- 
sequitur {Jiotly engages) . 

commisceo, -miscul, -mixtum 
or -mistum, -miscere, [con- 
misceo], 2. v. a., mix together, in- 
termingle : frusta mero cruento. 

commissum, -1, [n. p.p. of com- 
mitto as noun], n., offence, fault, 
crime. 
'commissus, -a, -um, p.p. of cora- 
mitto ; see also commissum. 

commistus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
misceo^ 

committo, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [con-mitto], 3. v. a., {let 
go together), combine, join, unite : 
delphinum caudas utero del- 
phinum. — Esp. of hostility, join 
(battle),. begin (the fight, cf. con- 
serere) : manum; proelium; fu- 
nera pugnae {begin the havoc of 
battle) . — With • idea of a # trust, 
entrust, commit to, trust, consign : 
sulcis ssmina. — Transferred, al- 
low to happen, alloiv one's self to do, 
a How, com m it, p ra ctise, perpetra te, 
commit an offence. 



coYnmixtus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
misceo, 
commodus, -a, -um,[ con-modus], 

adj., {agreeing with the measure). 
— Fig., fitting, ft, suitable, proper, 
favorable, adapted ; Baccho {suit- 
ed to the vine). 

commotus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
moveo. w 

commoveo, -movi, -motum,-mo- 
vere, [con-moveo], 2. v. a., move 
violently, agitate : alas; commo- 
tis sacris {brandishing the sacred 
thyrsus) . — Less exactly, stir up, 
rouse : cervum. — Fig., rouse, stir, 
excite, disturb, agitate, alarm, en- 
rage, move (with any emotion). 

communis (old form comoenis), 
-e, [con-fmunis, cf. immunis 
and munia], adj., {serving to- 
gether), belonging to two or more to- 
gether, co7iimon : periclum {shared 
alike by both) ; Erinys {of both 
sides)-, bona {the public interests). 

como, compsl, comptum,* co- 
mere, [? con-emo, take'], 3. v. a., 
(? gather together) , comb, arrange, 
braid. — Less exactly, deck, adorn, 
array : vitta ramos. — comp- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p, as adj. : comae 
{plaited) ; felici comptus oliva 
{wreathed). 

comp'actus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
pingo. 

compages, -is (gen. plur. com- 
pagum), [com; pa(n)g-o], f., 
a joining together, a connection, 
joint, structure. 

1. compello, -pull, -pulsum, -pel- 
lere, [con-pello], 3. v. a., drive 
together or in a body : greges in 
unum. — With weaker meaning of 
prep., drive, force: gregem hi- 
bisco ; noto eodem compulsus. 

2. compello, -avi, -atu'm, -are, 
[prob. from lost noun-stem akin 
to pello, cf. adpello], 1. v. a., 
accost, address : aliquem voce. 

compesco, -scul, -scitum (?), 
-scere, [unc. verb with con], 
restrain, curb, check : ramos flu- 
entes (by pruning). 



Vocabulary. 



57 



compingo, -pegi, -pactum, -pin- 

gere, [con-pango], 3. v. a., join 
together, fasten together, fasten. — 
compaetus, -a, -um, p.p, as adj., 
joined, fitted : trabes {jointed). 

compitum, -1, [com-fpitum ( ^/pet 
+ um)], n., meeting of roads, cross 
roads, comers. 

complector, -plexus, -plecti, 
[con-plecto], 3. v. dep., clasp 
around, encircle, enfold, embrace ; 
hold, grasp : corpus ; terra gre- 
mio ossa ; Cacum complexus in 
nodum. — Less exactly, surround, 
embrace : Penates Umbra (of a 
tree) . — Fig., seize, come upon, en- 
fold : sopor artus. 

compleo, -evi, -etum, -ere, [con- 
pleo], 2. v. a., fill up, fill full, 
fill : loca milites ; naves {man) ; 
litora {crowd, throng). — Less 
exactly, fill, co?nplete : tempora 
debita; orbis completur. 

1. complexus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
complector. 

2. complexus, -us, [con-plexus], 
m., a surrounding, encompassing, 
encircling, embracing, embrace 
(esp. of love). 

compono, -posui, -positum, -po- 
nere, [com-pono], 3. v. a., put 
together, bring together, lay up, col- 
lect : opes {hoard) ; aggerem tu- 
muli {raise) . — With idea of union 
or arrangement, found, build, dis- 
pose, array, set in order, arrange, 
settle, adjust: compositi in tur- 
mas (of soldiers, arrayed in squad- 
rons)-, urbem; genus indocile 
ac dispersum {settle in lata and 
or dei') ; foedus ; lites {settle by 
deciding) : pacem. — With idea 
of rest, dispose, lay, place : defessa 
membra {lay down to rest) ; tha- 
lamis se "composuere (of bees, 
become quiet in their cells) ; se 
{recline) ; diem {close) ; fliictus 
{calm) ; placiia pace compostus 
{settled in peaceful repose, by some 
thought to refer to death) ; curas. 
* — Of putting together for com- 
parison, co?npare : parvis magna. 



— compositus (postus), -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., fixed, orderly, 
regular, quiet: gradus ; leges. — 
Neut. abl. as adv., composito,- by 
arrangement, in concert. 

compositus (compostus), -a, 
-um, p.p. of compono. 

comprehendo (-prendo), -ndi, 
-nsum, -ndere, [com-prehendo] , 
3. v. a., take hold of, grasp : ima- 
go. — Less exactly, seize, appre- 
hend. — Esp. of fire or of thing 
fired, catch. — Fig., embrace, com- 
prise, enumerate, include: for- 
mas scelerum. 

comprensus, -a, -um, see com- 
prehendo. 

compressus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
primo. ^ 

comprimo, -pressl, -pressum, 
-primere, [con-premo], 3. v. a., 
press together. — With idea of re- 
straint, hold in, hold back, hold, 
restrain, repress, check : gressum. 

— Fig., curb, check, repress, stay : 
amor compressus edendi ; furo- 
res caeli marisque ; impetus. 

comptus, -a, -um, p.p. of como. 
compulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of com- 
pello. 

1. conatus, -a, -um, p.p. of conor. 

2. conatus, -us, [fcona- (stem of 
conor) -f tus], m., an attempt, 
effort, exertion. 

concavus, -a, -um, [con-cavus], 
adj., hollow, concave, arched, vault- 
ed, bent, curved : saxa (of caves). 

cohcedo, -cessi, -cessum, -cede- 
re, [con-cedo], 3. v. n. and a., 
move aivay{oi. cedo_andadcedo), 
retire, withdraw, come or go off : 
hue; concedite, silvae {fare- 
well). — Fig., depart, cease: su- 
peris ab oris (by death) ; irae 
deum. — Of superiority, give ivay, 
yield, give place, yield the palm . — - 
So also (act.) of withdrawing op- 
position, give up, grant, allow, 
permit: in iras Calydona {sac- 
rifice) ; concessa moveri {al- 
lowed). — concessus, -a, -um, 
p .p . as adj ., perm itted, perm issible, 



58 



Vocabulary. 



lazvful : concessa veto {things 
not forbid) . 

concent.us, -us, [con-cantus], m., 
harmony, harvionious songs, tune- 
ful melody. 

eonceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
cipio. 

concessus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
cede 

concha, -ae, [Gr. Koyxn] , f., a shell, 
conch shell. — Also as an instru- 
ment, shell, conch, horn. 

concido, -cidi, no sup., -cidere, 
[con-cado], 3. v. n., fall (in a 
heap), fall to the ground. — Esp., 
of death or fainting, fall, sink. — 
Less exactly and fig., fall, be 
ruined, perish. 

concido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 
[con-caedo], 3. v. a., cut up, cut 
to pieces, cut down : serobibus 
montes (furrow). 

concieo, -IvI, -itum, -iere, [con- 
cieo], 2. (also 4.) v. a., {move to- 
gether), assemble. — With intensive 
meaning of con, shake, agitate, 
move violently, urge on : concita 
tormento saxa {hurled violently). 
— Fig., rouse, excite, agitate, stir 
up, provoke : immani concitus 
ira {fired with mighty wrath). — 
concitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj. 
(cf. citus), in headlong motion, 
headlong, violent, careering : mul- 
ta vi {with mighty effort)-, pro- 
cessu {with headlong rush). 

concilio, -avl, -atum, -are, [f con- 
cilio-], 1. v. a., (assemble), -unite, 
join. — Fig., gain over, zvin, con- 
ciliate, gain, secure, obtain : scep- 
tra Iovemque {secure the sceptre 
and Jove's favor) ; sibi arma 
{ally). 

concilium, -I (-il), [perhaps con-, 
stem fr. ^/cal (cf. classis)], n., 
an assembly (generally, cf. con- 
silium, a deliberative body), gath- 
ering: piorum. — Also in sense 
of consilium, a council : silen- 
tum (as a jury). 

concipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipe- 
re, [con-capio], 3. v. a. and n., 



take in, take, receive : pabula 
terrae {draw nutriment). — Esp. 
of females, conceive. — With ab- 
stract objects, receive, admit, har- 
bor, take on, give way to : ducis 
curam {enter on) ; furias {be 
possessed by) ; pectore robur {pos- 
sess). — Of ideas in words, com- 
prise, express, formulate. — Of the 
mind as subject, take in, conceive, 
imagine : mente furores. — eon- 
ceptus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj. in 
either meaning of the verb : foe- 
dus {drawn up, established). 
concito, -avl, -atum, -are, [fcon- 
cito- (cf. concitus), or perhaps 
con-eito], 1. v. a., set in motion, 
rouse, excite, incite : equum {spur 
on) ; Allecto se' in Teucros {fly 
fiercely at). 

1. concrtus,-a,-um,p.p.of concio. 

2. concitus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
cieo. 

conclamo, -avl, -atum, -are, [con- 
clamo], 1. v. a., cry aloud, shout, 
cry aloud upon, call for aloud, 
su?n?non with a shout. — With di- 
rect or indirect discourse : Italiam 
{cries out, Italy/). 

conclildo, -si, -sum, -dere, [con- 
claudo], 3. v. a., shut up, enclose. 
!— Less exactly, surround, include: 
locum sulco {mark out). 

concolor, -oris, [cori-fcolor, de- 
clined as adj .], adj ., of the same color. 

concors, -rdis, [con-fcord-, de- 
clined as adj.], adj., tinited in feel- 
ing, friendly, harmonious : frena 
{peaceful). 

c oner e do, -didi, -ditum, -dere, 
[con-credo], 3. v. a., entrust, con- 
sign, commit. 

concreseo, -ere vi, -ere turn, -cres- 
cere, [con-cresco], 3. v. n., {grow 
together), harden, curdle, congeal, 
condense, freeze. — As growing into 
something else, grow into, become 
attacked. — concretus, -a, -um, 
p.p. in passive force (cf. cretus) 
as adj., condensed, har doted, con- 
gealed, curdled, clotted: crines 
sanguine {matted). 



■Vocabulary. 



59 



concretus, -us, [con-cretus], m., 

a growing together, an adhering 
(a doubtful reading). 

concubitus, -us,[con-cubitus], m., 
a lying together ; coition. 

cone urro,-curri(-cucurri), -cur- 
sum, -currere, [con-curro], 3. v. 
n., run with or together, flock to- 
gether, assemble. — Less exactly, 
rush (to a place), rally, hasten (to 
one). — Of hostile meeting, meet, 
fight, contend : viris virgo ; mon- 
tes {dash together) 

concursus, -us, [con-cursus], m., 
a rushing together. — Concretely, 
a crowd, an assembly, a concourse. 

concussus, -a, -urn, p.p. of con- 
cutio.^ 

concutio, -cussi, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [con-quatio], 3. v. a., shake 
violently, agitate, thrust (cf. ex- 
cutio), force, throw, dash : frena ; 
lora; silicem dexter in adver- 
sum nitens. — Of shaking out the 
loose* garments of the ancients, 
shake ouf{iox examination), search: 
fecundum pectus. — Fig., of emo- 
tion, &c, agitate, alarm, trouble : 
casu acerbo {overwhelmed) ; urbs 
{pa?iic-stricken) ; animum con- 
cussus. — Also, excite, rouse, urge : 
equos (spur on) . 

condensus, -a, -um, [con-densus] , 
adj., very dense, close, crovoded : 
columbae condensae . . .. sede- 
bant. _ 

condicio (not -tio), -onis, [con- 
dicio], f., {statement of terms), a 
stipiclatiofi, condition, terms, a 
compact. — mortis {destiny, law of 
humanjife). 

conditio, see condicio, the proper 
form. 

conditor, -oris, [con-dator, as if 
condi -f tor, cf . condo] , m., build- 
er, founder. 

condiitus, -a, -um, p.p. of condo. 

condo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, [con- 
do, put], 3. v. a., {put together). 
— With reference to the result, 
build, found, make, erect : arces. 
• — Fig., in same sense, found, es- 



tablish, settle : Romanam gentem ; 
aurea secula {bring in) ; fata 
{ordain). — So also of composi- 
tion, write, compose, describe, cele- 
brate : tristia bella. — With idea 
of preservation, put up (cf. con- 
dio), store, lay away, hoard; opes ; 
signa mente {treasure up). — 
So also of concealment, hide, se- 
crete, conceal, suppress, withdraw 
(one's self) : caput inter nubil a ; 
conditur in tenebras altuni cali- 
gine caelum ; in mare Ufens 
{be lost) ; Nilus se alveo {confine 
itself) ; lumina {close) ; optato 
Thybridis alveo (by others re- 
ferred to the first meaning). — 
Esp. of the dead, bury, lay to rest : 
ossa terra ; animam sepulchro ; 
longos soles cantando {sing the 
sun to rest) . — Of stars, set : Orion. 

conduco, -duxl, -ductum, -du- 
cere, [con-duco], 3. v. a. and n., 
lead tqgether, assemble, collect, hire. 
— conductus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., rented, hired. 

conductus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
*duco. 

confectus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
ficio. 

confercio, -fersi, -fertum, -fer- 
cire, [con-farcio], 4. v. a., cro-wd 
together. — confertus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., close, dense, serried, 
in close array, close packed. 

confero, -tuli, -latum (coll-), 
-ferre, [con-fero], bring together, 
bear together : gradum {step to- 
gether). — Esp. of hostility, join, 
engage : manum {join hand to 
hand); certamina belli {engage 
in strife of battle) ; se viro vir. 

confertus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
fercio. 

confessus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
fi^or. 

eonfestim [con-+festim. -y/fed (in 
fendo) + tis, cf. manifestus - , 
adv., {on the stroke (?), in the 
grasp, cf. Fr. niaintenant), instant- 
ly, forthwith, at once. 

conficio, -feci, -fectum, -fieere, 



6o 



Vocabulary. 



(also confieri as pass.), [con- 
facio], 3. v. a., {do up), finish, 
complete, accomplish : immensum 
aequor. — In special sense (cf. Eng. 
done up), exhaust, waste, use tip; 
destroy : me volnus {exhausts my 
life) . — Less exactly, bring to pass, 
cause. — confectus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., wasted, worn out, ex- 
hausted, emaciated : macie ; curis ; 
aetate {burdened with years) . 

conecto (conn-), -xui, -xum, 
-ctere, [con-necto], 3. v. a., bind 
together, fasten, connect, entwine. 

conexus, -a, -um, p.p. of conecto. 

conf Idens, -entis, p. of confido. 

confid<3, -flsus, -dere, [con-fido], 
3. v. a. and n., trust in, rely on, 
■ trust to, trust : rebus ; huic mon- 
stro. — confide ns, -entis, p. as 
adj., bold, undaunted, confident, 
shameless, unblushing. 

conflgo, -fixl, -flxum, -figere, 
3. v. a., pierce through, transfix, 
strike doivn (with a missile weap- 
on). — conflxus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., transfixed, struck down. 

conf 10, -fieri, pass, of conficio. 

conf Isus, -a, -um, p.p. of confido. 

confiteor, -fessus sum, -fiterl, 
[con-fateor], 2. v. dep„ fully or 
entirely acknowledge (cf. Eng. own 
up), confess, own, 'avow. — Less 
exactly, disclose a thing, reveal, 
manifest, show : confessa deam 
{revealed a goddess, confessing her- 
_self). 

confixus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
flgo. ^ 

confligo, -flixi, -flictum, -fligere, 
[con-fligo], 3. v. a. and n. Act., 
strike against or on, strike or bring 
together. — Neut, dash against 
(each other), be in conflict, con- 
tend, fight, combat: venti {war 
with each other). 

conflo, -avl, -atum, -are,*[con- 
flo], 1. v. a. Of fire, blow together, 
blow up, stir up, kindle. — From 
the use of the bellows in the forge, 
also of metals, &c, smelt, fuse, 
melt down : falces in ensem. 



confluo, -fluxi, no sup., -fluere, 
[con-fluo], 3. v. n. Of fluids, 
.flow or run together. — Less ex- 
actly, of a great multitude, flow, 
flock, or crowd together ; come to- 
gether in multitudes. 

confodio, -f odi, -fossum, -fodere, 
[con-fodio], 3. v. a., dig thorough- 
ly, pierce through, transfix : su- 
per exanimem sese proiecit ami- 
cum confossus. 

confossus, -a, -um, p.p. of -con- 
fodio.^ 

confugio, -fiigi, no sup., -fugere, 
[con-fugio], 3. v. n., flee, for ref- 
uge or succor, take refuge (with 
any one). 

confundo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [con-fundo], 3. v. a. Of 
'liquids, pour together. — Less ex- 
actly, with reflexive or in pass., mix 
itself, mix, mingle, blend. — Fig., 
confound, confuse, disturb, throw 
into disorder, disconcert : foedus 
{destroy). — conf usus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., confounded, perplexed, 
panic-stricken: urbs; animus. 

conf usus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
fundo. 

congemino, -avl, -atum, -are, 
[con-gemino], 1. v. a. and n., 
double, redouble, repeat again and 
again: crebros ensibus ictus con- 
geminant. — Poetically, of the in- 
strument,//)/ repeatedly : securim. 

congemo, -gemui, nc sup., -geme- 
re, [con-gemo], 3. v. n. and a., 
sigh or groan deeply, heave a deep 
sigh. — Fig., of a tree : congemuit 
supremum {groaned its last). 

conger^, -gessl, -gestum, -gerere, 
[con-gero], 3. v. a., bear, bring, 
or carry together ; heap up (cf. 
adgero and agger), gather. — 
With reference to the result, build, 
construct, erect : manu oppida ; 
aram. — Poetically, of birds, build 
nests, nest. — Less exactly, in pass., 
be full, swarm, teem : cubilia 
blattis. — congestus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., gathered, heaped: 
tureadona; culmen {sodded). 



Vocabulary. 



61 



congestus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 

gero. 
congredior,-gressus, -gredl,[con- 

gradior], 3. v. dep., {step together), 
go, come, or meet together or with 
one. — Esp., in a hostile sense, 
fight, contend, engage. 

congressus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
gredior. 

congressus, -us, [con-gressus], 
m., a meeting (either friendly or 
hostile), encounter, iiiterview. 

conicio (conii-), -ieei, -iectum, 
-icere, [con-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
together or at, hurl, cast, fling, 
shoot : conieVta sagitta ; con- 
iecta cuspide ; saxa ; velamina. 

— With reflexive, throw ones self, 
rush, speed, hasten : sese in late- 
bras (plunge); Iris inter medi- 
as sese (dashes) . — Less exactly, 
of direction merely, cast, turn : 
oculos. 

coniectus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
icio. 

conifer, -era, -erum, [fcono-fer 
( ^/fer -f us) ] , adj ., co?ie-beari?ig, 
coniferous. 

conisus, -a, -um, p.p. of conitor. 

conltor (conn-), -nlsus and -nlx- 
us, -niti, [con-nitor], 3. v. dep., 
lean against, strain, struggle, put 
forth an effort, strive : conixus 
(with mighty effort). — Esp. of 
labor (cf. enitor), be in labor, 
yean, bring forth yowig. 

coniugium, -i (-il), [fconiug- + 
ium, as if con-tiugium], n., a 
joining, union. — Esp. (perhaps 
originally, cf. coniunx), niar- 
riage : Veneris (union with). — 
Less exactly, of animals, coition. — 
Concretely (cf. amor, beloved ob- 
ject), husband, wife. 

coniunctus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
iungo.^ 

coniungo, -iunxi, -iunctum, 
-iungere, [con-iungo], 3. v. a., 
join together, unite, attach, ally. 

— Esp. in marriage, unite: digno 
coniuncta viro ; ratis coniuncta 
crepidine saxi (moored). 



coniunx (-iux), -iugis, [con- 
^/iug, as stem], comm., (uniting 
together), a husband, a wife, a 
co7isort. — Less exactly, a betrothed. 

coniuratus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
iuro.^ 

coniuro, -avi, -atum, -are, [con- 
in.ro], I. v. n. and a., szuear to- 
gether, conspire. — coniuratus, 
-a, -um, p.p. in act. sense, having 
sworn, banded together, conspiring: 
rescindere caelum. 

conixus, -a, -um, p.p. of coni- 
tor. 

conlabor (coll-), -lapsus, -labi, 
[con-labor], 3. v. dep., fall to- 
gether, fall in ruins, collapse, 
fall. — Esp., in a swoon or in 
death, fall, sink, drop, faint : 
membra collapsa (fainting) ; 
ferro conlapsa (swooning from 
a ivound) . — Fig., waste away : 
ossa morbo. — conlapsus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., fainting, swoon- 
ing, si?iking, lifeless. 

conlapsus (coll-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of conlabor. 

conlatus (coll-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
confero. 

conligo (coll-), -legi, -Iectum, 
-ligere, [con-lego], 3. v. a., col- 
lect together, bring together, assem- 
ble, gather, collect : ex alto nubes ; 
nox pluviam (bring on) ; quar- 
ta hora sitim ; conlecta ex Ion- 
go rabies edendi (ravening hun- 
ger g)' own by long privation). — 
Pass., or with reflexive, come to- 
gether, gather, mass forces : omni- 
bus conlectis. — Also of strength, 
presence of mind, or courage, col- 
lect, gain, regain : robur. — Less 
exactly, contract, shrink (pass.) : 
se in arma (draw behind his 
shield) ; alitis in figuram 
(shrunken) . 

conloco (coll-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [con-loco], 1. v. a., put, 
place, set, arrange, station. 

conloquium(coll-), -i (-ii), [con- 
floquium, cf. eloquium], n., 
discourse, conversation, talk, con- 



62 



Vocabulary. 



ference, converse, intercourse : de- 
orum. w 

conluceo (coll-), no perf., no sup., 

* -lueere, [con-luceo], 2. v. n., 

shine brigJuly, blaze, gleam, glare, 

ignes ; moenia flammis ; veste 

atque armis {glitter). 

conludo (coll-), -lusi, -liisum, 
-liidere, [con-ludo], 3. v. n., play 
with, play together, sport, play. — 
Poetically, of things : plumae. 

conlustro (coll), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [con-lustro], 1. v. a., light 
up.- — Perhaps from an entirely 
different original meaning (cf. lus- 
tro), examine, survey : omnia. 

connecto, see conecto. 

connexus, see conexus. 

connisus, see conisus. 

connlxus, see conixus. 

connubinm, see conubium. 

Conon, -onis, [Gr. Kovwv~\, m., a 
mathematician and astronomer in 
the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus. 

conor, -atus sum, -arl, [?, perhaps 
akin to onus, cf. moliorj, 1 .v. dep., 
undertake, attempt, try, venture. 

conr-, see corr-. 

consanguineus, -a, -um, [fcon- 
sanguin (lost stem, con-sanguis, 
cf. cogiioininis) + eus], adj., of 
kindred blood, akin, related. — 
Masc, a kinsman : Leti {brother). 

consanguinitas, -tatis, [fconsan- 
guin (as if consanguini-, cf. con- 
sanguineus) -ftas], f., kindred, 
relationship (by blood), consan- 
guinity. 

conscendo, -dl, -sum, -dere, [con- 
scando], 3. v. a. and n., mount, 
ascend : rogos. — Esp.,£y on board 
a ship, embark, take ship : aequor 
{put to sea). 

conscius, -a, -um, [con-fscius, 
y'sci+ us (cf. inscius)], adj., 
consciotis, privy to, aware of: ag- 
mina {allied)-, fati {witness)-, 
aether conubiis. — Transferred, 
conscious (with one's self), con- 
scious of guilt, self-conscious : vir- 
tus ; fama ; mens conscia recti. 

consequor, -secutus, -sequi, [con- 



sequor], 3. v. dep., attend, follow. 

— Esp. in hostile sense, pursue. — 
With different sense of con, follozo 
up, overtake, reach. 

1. consero, -sevl, -situm or -sa- 
tum, -serere, [con-sero], 3. v. a., 
sow ox plant with something: ar- 
va. — Fig., cover or strew over with 
something: freta consita terris 
{dotted). 

2. consero, -serui, -sertum, -se- 
rere, [con-sero], 3. v. a., connect, 
entwine, tie, join, fit, unite, bind 
into a whole : lorica conserta 
hamis {woven) ; tegumen spinis. 

— Esp. of hostilities, join{m fight), 
engage ui : dextram ; proelia. 

consertus, -a, -um, p.p. of 2. con- 
sero. 

consessus, -us, [con-sessns], m., 
{a sitting together, a session). — 
Concretely, an assembly ; caveae 
{spectators in the theatre). 

consldo, -sedl (-sidi), -sessum, 
-sldere, [con-sido], 3. v. n,, sit 
doivn, settle, seat one's self, light (of 
birds) : molli in herba ; Ausonio 
portu {anchor). — Esp., halt, settle 
doivn (to dwell) , take tip one's abode. 

— Of inanimate subjects, settle, sink 
down; sink in, give way, subside : 
in ignes ; to tarn urbem luctu 
{be plunged). 

consilium, -1 (-ii), [consul -f- ium, 
cf. consulo], n., consultation, 
counsel. — Of the result, wise coun- 
sel, resolution, plan, purpose, course 
of conduct (as resolved upon), 
course : consiliis non fatilis auc- 
tor. — Of advice given to another, 
counsel, advice. — Concretely (cf. 
concilium), a (formal) council, 
assembly. — Adv., consilio, ' ad- 
visedly, intentionally, purposely, 
with design. 

consists, -stiti, -stitum, -sistere, 
[con-sisto], 3. v. a. and n., place 
one's self, take one's stand, sta?id 
still, remain : terra {set foot on). 

— Esp., take a stand, make a halt, 
keep a position, stand, halt, settle. 

— Eig., rest: mens. 



Vocabulary, 



^ 



consitus, -a, -urn, p.p. of i.consero. 

consono, -ui, no sup., -are, [con- 
sono], I. v. n., sound together or 
at the same time, resound. 

consors, -sortis, [con-f sorti- (fuller 
stem of sors)], adj., of equal share, 
partaking with : me consort em 
nati concede sepulchro (in com- 
mon with). — Also, of equal lot, 
of the same condition, common, hi 
cofjimon. 

1. conspectus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
conspicio as adj., conspicuous. 

2. conspectus, -us, [con-spectus], 
m., sight, view, presence : e con- 
spectu (out of sight) ; in conspec- 
tu; ire ad conspectum genito- 
ris (to meet). 

conspicio, -spexl, -spectum, -spi- 
cere, [con-specio], 3. v. a., gaze 
upon, behold. — &\s>o,get a sight of 
espy, descry, find. See conspectus. 

conspiro, -avi, -atum, -are, [con- 
spiro], 1. v. n., blow together, sound 
together ; aereaque assensu con- 
spirant cornua rauco, 

consterno, -jstravi, -stratum, 
-sternere, [con-sterno], 3. v. a., 
strew over, bestrew, cover : terram 
tergo ; terram frondes. 

constituo, -ui, -utum, -uere, 
[con-statuo], 3. v. a., set up, place, 
put : taurum ante aras. — aras 
(erect) ; moenia {build); metam 
(set). — Fig., of things not mate- 
rial, establish. — Of purpose, deter- 
mine, resolve : quaerere. 

consto, -stitl, -statum, -stare, 
[con-sto], 1. v. n., stand with, 
stand together, stand : Cyparissi. 
— Fig., agree or accord with, be con- 
sistent with, correspond to, fit. — 
Also, stand firm or immovable, be 
firm, remain immovable, unchang- 
ing, steadfast, be settled, last, per- 
severe, endure : cuncta caelo se- 

. reno (be steady, as a sign of settled 
weather) ; animo sententia (is 
fixed ) . 

constructus, -a, -urn, p.p. of con- 
strue^ 

construo, -uxi, -uctum, -uere, 



[con-struo], 3. v. a., heap or pile 
together, heap up. — Of the result, 
build, erect, construct, make. — 
constructus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., heaped, gathered, stored, built. 

consuesco, -evi, -etum, -escere, 
[con-suesco], 3. v. a. and n. inch., 
accustom, habituate. — So in pass, 
part., accustomed, inured, habitu- 
ated: membYdb(trained) . — Neut., 
accustom one's self: adeo in tene- 
ris consuescere multum est (such 
force has habit). — consuetus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., accustomed, 
usual, ordinary. 

consul, -ulis, [prob. con-^/sal as 
stem (cf. praesul, exsul) with 
some lost connection of ideas, 
founded on religious observance, 
cf. Salii], m., a consul, one of the 
two chief magistrates of Rome. 

consulo, -ui, -turn, -ere, [prob. 
consulo, akin to salio, cf . praesul, 
exsul], 3. v. n. and a., consider, 
reflect, deliberate, take counsel, con- 
sult : consulite in medium (for 
the common advantage) . — Partic- 
ular phrase : consulere alicui or 
alicui rei, take counsel for some 
one or some thing, care for, take 
care of, look to, have regard for, 
consult for : custodi et consule 
longe ne, etc. (keep a look-out). — 
Act., consult a person or thing, ask 
the opinion or advice of, ask coun- 
sel of: vates consultus. — Esp., 
consult a deity, an oracle, omens : 
exta ; lucos. — .Transferred, advise, 
counsel: rem nulli obscuram 
(cog. ace). 

consul turn, -1, [n.p.p. of consulo], 
n . , ( a th ing deliberated ox advised ) , 
usually* plur., resolutions, plans, 
oracles, advice. 

consumo, -sumpsi, -sumptum, 
-siimere, [con-sumo], 3. v. a. 
Of food, consume, devour : men- 
sas ; consumptus aliis. — Less 
exactly, of other things,' consume, 
devour, waste, squander, annihi- 
late, destroy, bring to nought, use 
up, use, waste away : vaccae in 



6 4 



Vocabulary. 



dulces ubera natos {waste upon) ; 
consumerer aevo ; nocte con- 
sumpta {spent) ; sagitta con- 
sumpta (by fire). 

consumptus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
sumo.^ 

consurgo, -rexi, -rectum, -gere, 
[con-surgo], 3. v. n., rise tip, 
rise (in various senses, as in Eng.). 
— From bed, from table : relictis 
mensis ; in ensem (rise -with, ike.) ; 
socii tonsis (rise on the oars). — 
Less exactly, of order or position : 
remi ordine (in ranks) ; mundus 
ad Scythiam (of the higher North) ; 
mare ad aethera (motmt to the 
skies) . — - Of hostility : in arma ( in 
arms) . — Fig. : bellum (arise) ; 
venti. 

contactus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
tingo, 

contactus, -us, [ con- 1 actus], m., 
a touching, contact, touch. 

contagium, -I (-il), [con-ftagium, 
-y/tag + ium], n., contact. — Esp.* 
of the result, contagion, infectio?i : 
vicini pecoris contagia. 

contego, -texi, -tectum, -tegere, 
[con-tego], 3. v. a., cover tip. 

contenino (-pno), -psi, -ptum, 
-nere, [con-temno], 3. v. a.., set a 
small value on, value little, hold in 
contempt, despise, disdain, scorn : 
ventos (defy); opes; favos (of 
bees). 

contemplor, -atus, -ari, [fcon- 
templo (con-templo-)], i.y. dep., 
survey (cf. templum), observe, 
notice carefully. 

contemptor, -oris, [con- ft emptor 
( y'tem + tor), as if contem + tor, 
cf. contemno], m., a scomer, de- 
spiser. 

contendo, -di, -turn, -dere, [con- 
tendo], 3. v. a. and n., stretch, 
strain, draiv (forcibly), tighten: 
vincla ; tela . . . et arcum (draw 
the arro7v on the boiv) ; nervo 
equino telum (cf. telum in au- 
ras). — From the result (cf. last 
example), hurl, throw, cast,, fling, 
shoot: telum in auras. — Fig., of 



straining the powers of mind orbody, 
strive, exert one's self, struggle. — 
With idea of opposition, struggle, 
contend, strive for ??iastery : bello ; 
versibus ; cursu ; ludo ; contra 
Paridem (in boxing). — Fig., of 
things in rivalry, vie with, compare 
with. — Of aim or direction (cf. 
trado), direct, aim, hold (a 
course); cursum (steer). — con- 
tentus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
stretched, straining: cervix (of 
oxen). 

1. contentus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
tendo. 

2. contentus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
tineo. 

conterreo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [con- 
terreo], 2. v. a., terrify greatly, 
frighten, alarm : conterrita tellus 
(terror-stricken) . 

conterritus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
terreo. 

contexo, -xui, -xtum, -xere, 
[con-texo], 3. v. a., weave or 
twine together. — Less exactly, 
prepare by Joining together, com- 
. pose, make, build, construct, form, 
pitt together; equum trabibus 
acernis. 

conticesco, -ticui, no sup., -tices- 
cere, [con-ticesco], 3. v. n. inch., 
become still, grow dumb, hold one's 
peace : conticuere omnes (were 
hushed). 

contiguus (-uos), -a, -um, [con- 
ftaguus, cf. nocuvis (Vt a g+ 
uus)], adj. Act, (touching), ad- 
joining, near. — Pass. (cf. per- 
spicuus), (to be touched), within 
reach, zvithin range . missae 
hastae. 

contineo, -tinui, -tentum,-tinere, 
[con-teneo], 2. v. a. and n., hold 
in, keep together, confine. — Less 
exactly (cf. cohibeo), hold back, 
stay, detain, restrain, check: im- 
ber agricolam (detain at ho?ne) ; 
gradum (halt) . — Fig., of passions 
and the like, restrain, curb, sub- 
due, control. — contentus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj. (self-contained), 



Vocabulary. 



65 



content, satisfied : mens contenta 
quiete. 
contingo, -tigi, -tactum, -tingere, 

[con-tango], 3. v. a. and n., touch, 
take hold of: funemmanu; avem 
ferrQ (hit). — Less exactly, reach, 
arrive at, attain, gain, touch ; 
Italiam. — Of the effect of touch, 
in p.p., taint, affect with contagion 
(cf. contagium) . — Fig. (with 
subject), fall to, fall to the lot of 
(impersonal), happen, be one's lot, 
befall, be one's fate . Turno con- 
iunx; ire ad conspectum con- 
tingat (may I be allowed). 

continuo[abl. of continuus], adv., 
immediately, forthwith, without 
delay. 

contorqueo, -torsi, tortum, -tor- 
quere, [con-torqueo], 2. v. a., 
twist, turn, whirl • proram. — 
From the whirling of missiles (cf. 
amentum), hurl ■ contortapha- 
larica venit {came hurtling 
through the air). 

contortus, -a, -urn, p.p. of con- 
torqueo. 

contra [abl. of f contro- (con + 
tero-, cf. inter)], adv. and prep. 
Adv., opposite, on the other side, on 
the opposite side. — Fig., on the 
other hand, on the contrary, in re- 
turn, in reply, in opposition.- 1 — 
Prep., over against, opposite : Ita- 
liam contra. — Less exactly and 
fig., against, in reply to, in opposi- 
tion to : contra quern {answering 
him) ; it contra dicta (proceeds 
in reply to) ; contendere contra 
Paridem. 

contractus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
traho.^ 

contraho, -traxi, -tractum, -tra- 
here, [con-traho], 3. v. a., draw 
together, gather, collect, assemble, 
draw in : Scorpio bracchia. — 
Less exactly or fig., draw on, bring 
on : frigus (cf. " catch ") . — con- 
tractus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
contracted, narrow, cotifined : lo- 
cus. 

contrarius, -a, -um, [f contro - 



(reduced) -farms, cf. extrarius], 
adj., opposite, lying over against. — 
Fig., opposed, contrary, opposite : 
fata. — With idea of hostility, ad- 
verse, unfavorable, opposed: fur- 
tis; litora litoribus (of eternal 
enmity). 

contremisco,-ui, no sup., -iscere, 
[con-tremisco], 3. v. n. inch., 
tremble all over, shake, shudder, 
quake : omne contremuit nemus. 

contristo, -avi, -atum, -are,[con- 
ftristo (cf. tristor)], 1. v. a., 
sadden, cast a gloom over : caelum. 

contundo, -tudi, -tusum, -tun- 
dere, [con-tundo], 3. v. a.-, beat, 
' bruise, crush, pound, bray : her- 
bas. — Fig., crush, quell .. feroces 
populos. — contusus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., broken, crushed, af- 
flicted : animi. 

contus, -i, [Gr. kovtos~], m., a punt- 
pole (with pointed iron), setting- 
pole. — Less exactly, of weapons, a 



contusus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
tundo. 

conubium (conn-), -I (-ii), [con- 
fnubium, stem akin to nubo (cf. 
pronuba) -f ium], n., marriage 
as an institution (cf. nubo), wed- 
lock : nostra conubia poscunt. 

conus, -1, [Gr. kcouos, cf. cuneus], 
m., a cone. — From its shape (cf.. 
the modern spiked helmet), the 
peak (of a helmet), a crest (to 
which the flowing crest was fas- 
tened). 

convallis, -is, [con-vallis], f., a 
valley (enclosed). 

convecto, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[con-vecto], I. v. a., bring to- 
gether : praedam. 

convello, -velli, -vulsum,-vellere, 
[con-vello], 3. v. a., (zvrench), 
tear away, pluck up : viridem 
silvam ab humo ; funeni a terra 
(cast off). — Less exactly, tear 
apart, rend asunder. 

convenio,-veni,-ventum, -venire, 
[con-venio], 4. v. n. and a., come 
together, assemble, gather round, — 



66 



Vocabulary. 



Fig., of things or impersonally, 
be agreed upon, be deter ??iined. — 
Also, be fitting, be suitable, be 
right. 

conventus, -us, [con-fventus, cf. 
adventus], m., a coming together. 
— Concretely, an assembly, con- 
clave. 

conversus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
verts 

converto (-vorto), -tf, -sum, 
-tere, [con-verto], 3. v. a., turn 
around, turn, invert, reverse, turn 
backward: in me ferrum; omen 
in ipsum {bring the disaster). — 
In pass, or with reflexive, turn, 
wheel, face about. — Fig., alter, 
change, transform : animi con- 
versi ; classem in Nymphas ; 
vias. — conversus, -a, -um, as 
adj., inverted, reversed, trans- 
formed: agmina {flying) ; nu- 
mina {adverse) ; conversis fron- 
tibus {opposing, of bulls fighting). 

convexus, -a, -um, [p.p. of con- 
veho), adj., {brought together), 
vaulted, arched, rounded, bending, 
winding : trames {circuitous). — 
Neut.-, a vault, arch, concavity, re- 
cess : caeli supera convexa {the 
canopy of ' heaven"); convexa {the 
rounded 'mass, of mountains) ; con- 
vexo pondere {the mass of the 
spheres) . 

convlvium, -1 (-ii), [conviva (re- 
duced) -f ium (n. of ius)], n., a 
meal in company (cf. conviva), 
a feast, banquet. 

convolsus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
vello. 

convolvo, -volvi, -volutum, -vol- 
vere, [con-volvo], 3. v. a., roll 
together, roll up. — Pass, or with 
reflexive, roll together, roll up, roll, 
zvrithe, coil. 

convulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of con- 
vello. 

coorior, -ortus, -orirl, [con-orior] , 
3. and 4. v. dep., arise t rise up. — 
Fig., of things, break out,*arise : 
seditio. 

coortus, -a, -Um, p.p. of coorior. 



copia, -ae, [copi- (con-ops) -f ia 
(f. of ius), cf. inops, inopia], f., 

plenty, multitude, abundance, a 
supply. — Transferred, ability, pow- 
er, means, resources, opportunity, 
chance (to do anything) : fandi ; 
pugnae; adfari {leave). — Con- 
cretely, in plur., troops, forces. 

coquo, coxl, coctum, coquere, 
[^/coc, cf. Gr. 7T67r&>], 3. v. a., cook. 
— Less exactly of other things than 

• food, fire, roast, mellow (of soil), 
harden (of wood)*. — Of the effect 
of the sun, ripen, mellow :■ coqui- 
tur vindemia. — Fig. (cf. uro), 
vex, worry, harass. — coctus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., hardened. 

cor, cordis, [unc. root, cf. Gr. Krjp, 
Eng. heart], n., the heart. — Fig., 
heart, soul (of both moral and in- 
tellectual powers). — Of persons, 
as in English, soul, heart: iuve- 
nes fortissima corda. — Phrase : 
cordi esse (cf. "go to one's 
heart"), be dear, please, be de- 
sired. 

Cora, -ae, [Gr. Kopa], fya town of 
Latium (now Core). 

coram [con-os (or stem akin), unc. 
case, cf. perperam], adv. and 
prep. Adv., in presence, before 
the eyes,' in person : coram adest 
{is here before you). — Prep., -in 
the presence of, before. 

Coras, -ae, [?], m., one of the 
founders of Tibur. 

Corinthus, -i, [Gr. KopivOos'], f., a. 
celebrated city of the Peloponnesus, 
famous for its bronze-foundries and 
artistic skill. It was conquered by 
L. Mummius. 

corium, -1 (-ii), [Gr. x°P iOV ~\i n -> 
skin, hide, leather. 

1. corneus, -a, -um, [fcornu- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of horn, horny, 
horn. 

2. corneus, -a, -um, [fcorno- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of the cor?iel 
tree, of cornel wood. 

coriiiger, -era, -erum, [fcornu- 
( weakened) -ger (Vg er + us )]> 
adj., bearing horns, horned. 



Vocabulary. 



6 7 



cornipes, -edis, [fcornu- (weak- 
ened) -pes], adj., horn-footed, 
horny -hoofe'd, 

cornix, -Icis, [dim., akin to Gr. 
Kop'Jivrf], f., a crow. 

cornii', -u, [unc. root (akin to K€pas) 
-f nu], n., a horn, horn. — Less 
exactly, a hoof. — from similarity, 
horn (of the moon), tip, yardarm, 
end, branch (of a river), peak (of 
a helmet, cf. conus), a bozu (with 
horn ends), a trumpet. 

cornum, -I, [perh. akin to cornu, 
from the hardness of its wood], ii., 
the cornel cherry. — Also, cornel. 

cornus, -1, [see cornum], f., a cor- 
nel. — Less exactly, cornel wood, 
a javelin (made of the wood). 

Coroebus, -i, [Gr. Ko'poijSos], m., a 
Phrygian, an ally of Priam. 

corona, -ae, [Gr. Kop&vi\\, f., a gar- 
land, a diadem, a wreath, a crown 
(of royalty) . — In astronomy, The 
Crown. — From similarity, a circle 
of men, a ring, a- crowd, a ring of 
defenders. 

corono, -avi, -atum, -are, [coro- 
na], I. v. a., furnish with a gar- 
land or crown, to crown : vina 
(wreathe the bowl ) . — Less exact- 
ly, surround, encompass, enclose, 
wreathe, beset: omnem aditum 
custode. 

corporeus, -a, -um, [fcorpos + 
eiis], adj., corporeal, of the body : 
pestes. 

corpus, -oris, [unc. root + us], n., 
a body (alive), a lifeless body, 
corpse. — the frame, the for7n, the 
person. — As in English, a person, 
an animal (cf. " head "), creature: 
corpora virorum. (/#r;/z J- of heroes). 
— More abstractly, person, form, 
figure : praestanti corpore Nym- 
phae. — Also of things, bulk, mass, 
body, trunk (of a tree) : toto cer- 
tatum est corpore regni (united 

'power). — From association with 
burial, the ghost, shade, spirit. — 
Phrases : corpore exire, elude, 
dodge ; toto corpore, with all one's 
might. 



correptus (conr-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of corripio. 

corripio(conr-), -ripui, -re.ptum, 
-ripere, [con-ripio], 3. v. a., seize, 
snatch up, catch, lay violent hands 
on, grasp quickly : hastem ; cae- 
sariem ; scuta correpta sub un- 
dis (borne- away) ; montesunda; 
Marte secundo omnia (gain). — 
With corpus or a reflexive, rise 
quickly, start up, tear one's self 
away, hurry off; e sir &tis (spring) ; 
e somno. — Fig., of intangible sub- 
jects, seize upon, catch, attack, car- 
ry away (with any passion) : flam- 
ma tabulas ; cinis altaria flam- 
mis (break out in flames o?i) ; 
mediis silvis correptis ; Camilla 
correpta* tali militia (carried 
away by) ; hunc plausus (capti- 
vate). — Of sudden motion, occupy, 
hurry over : campum (scour) ; 
viam (speed on) ; spatia ; spati- 
um medium. 

corrumpo, -rupi, -ruptum, •rum- 
pere, [con-rumpo], 3. v. a., (break 
up), spoil, destroy, ruin, damage, 
adulterate. — Less exactly, infect, 
poison, taint. — corruptus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as z.d]., tainted, infectious, 
pestiletit, infected : tractus caeli. 

corruo (con-), -ui, no sup., -ere, 
[con-ruo], 3. v. n. and a., fall to- 

' gether, fall down, fall, sink to the 
ground. 

corruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of cor- 
rumpo. 

cortex, -icis, [?], m. and f., bark. 

cortlna, -ae, [?, perh. akin to Gr. 
Xoqtos~\, {., a kettle, a caldron. — 
From the use of the utensil at Del- 
phi, the tripod (at Delphi), the 
oracle (delivered from it). 

corulus, -1, see corylus. 

Corus (Cau-), -i, [?, prob. Greek], 
m., the North-west wind. 

corusco, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fcorusco-], 1. v. a. and n.', agi- 
tate, move to and fro, shake, brand- 
ish, wave : gaesa manu. — Xeut, 
quiver, wave, shake : apes pennis 
(agitate their wings) . — * From sim- 



68 



Vocabulary. 



ilarity, of light, &c, quiver, shim- 
mer, flash, glitter, sparkle. 

coruscus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (akin 
to Kopvaou) + cus], adj., waving, 
quivering, tremulous : silvae. — 
Froin similarity (cf. corusco), 
flashing, gleaming, coruscating : 
fulmina ; sol {blazing) ; iuvenes 
auro. 

corvus, -I, [?], m., a raven. 

Corybantius, -a, -um, [Gr. Kopv- 
BdvTeios^\, adj., of the Corybantes 
(priests* of Cybele who celebrated 
her worship, with clanging cym- 
bals), Co ryba n tia n . 

Corycius, -a, -um, [Gr. KwpvKaios'] , 
adj., of Cory cus (a place in Cilicia 
famous for its saffron), Corycian. 

Corydon, -onis, [Gr. K'opucW], m., 
a shepherd. 

corylus (-ulus), -I, [Gr. tcopv\os~], 
{., a hazel-tree, a hazel. 

corymbus, -I, [Gr. Kopjix.fios], m., 
a cluster (of fruit, &c), a bunch. 

Corynaeus, -I, [?], m. : I. A priest 
of the Trojans; 2. A Rutulian. 

Cory thus, -1, [ ?], m. : I . A town of 
Etruria, Cortona ; 2. Its mythical 
founder. 

cos, cotis, [V 00 ( c f- sharpen, co- 
n us) +tis], f ., a hone, a zvhetstone. — 
Lessexact-ly,y^/,.y/0//<?(cf.cautes). 

Cosa, -ae, (-ae, -arum), f., a town 
of Etruria (now Ansedonia) . 

Cossus, -I, [?], m., a Roman, family 
name in the Cornelian gens. — 
Esp., A. Cornelius Cossus, consul 
B.C. 428. 

costa, -ae, [?], f., a rib. — Less ex- 
actly, a side. 

cotes (cau-), -is, [?], f., a rough 
pointed rock, a crag. 

cothurnus (eotu-), -1, [Gr. nSOop- 
vos^\, m., a htinting-boot (covering 
the foot and lower part of the leg, 
and laced in front), a buskin. — 
From its use by tragic actors, of a 
lofty tragic style in poetry, the bus- 
kin, tragedy. ■ 

crabro, -onis, [?], m., a hornet. 

eras [cf. Sk. cvas\ adv., to-morrow. 

crassus, -a, -um, .[?, p.p. of lost 



verb, perh. ^/cart (cf. Sk. krit, 
twist, spin) -f tus], adj., thickened 
up, thick, coarse : cruor {clotted) ; 
paludes {miry) ; ' terga {rough 
ridges) ; farrago ; ignis caligine 
{dark with thick smoke). 

crastinus, -a, -um, [eras + tinus, 
cf. diutinus], adj., of the morrow, 
to-morrow's : ortus {next, next 
day's) . 

cratera, -ae, f.; -er, -eris, m., 
(ace. Gr. sing, cratera, plur. 
crateras), [Gr. Kparrip'], a mix- 
ing vessel, a bozvl, a jar, of large 
size in which the whole store of 
wine was mixed for the company. 
— Also the same vessel used for 
other purposes, oil-jar : fuso cra- 
ter es olivo. 

crates, see cratis. 

cratis, -is, [perh. akin to crassus], 
f., wicker-work, a hurdle (used for 
many farming purposes by the 
ancients). — Esp., a drag (for har- 
rowing). — From similarity of tex- 
ture, a net-work, a cell (of a hive), 
the breast: pectoris {framezvork). 

creatrlx, -icis,[crea(stem of creo) 
+ trix], f., a producer (female), 
a mother. 

creatus, -a, -um, p.p. of creo. 

creber, -bra, -brum, (-brior, 
-berrimus), [?, unc. root + rus], 
adj., thick, close : Africus creber 
proeellis. — Of closeness in time, 
repeated, frequent, numerous, con- 
stant : sonitus pedum {of many 
feet) ; crebro ariete {-with fre- 
quent strokes of) ; anhelitus 
{quick, hurried) ; turbo {quick) ; 
heros creber (as adv., again and 
again) ; tela {shozvers of) ; Aus- 
ter {full and strong, with inces- 
sant blasts). — Neut. plur. as adv., 
frequently, repeatedly. 

crebresco (-besco), -brul (-bui), 
no sup., -brescere (-beseere), 
[fcrebre (stem of lost crebreo, 
fr. crebro-)], 3. v. n. inch., become 
frequent, increase, freshen (of 
winds, cf. creber), become rife (of 
rumors) : aurae. 



Vocabulary. 



6 9 



creditus, -a, -um, p.p. of credo. 

credo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, [lost 
stem fcred (cf. Sk. (rat) -do, put], 
3. v. n. and a., put faith i}i, trust 
to, confide in, trust : colori ; Aus- 
tris ; auditis quicquam (believe 
at all) . — Act., entrtist, confide to, 
commit: anni spem terrae (of 
sowing) ; tibi sensus ; custodia 
credita. — In same sense' with re- 
flexive, trust one's self to, venture 
on, hazard • ae pugnae. — With 
thing as object, credit, believe, sup- 
pose, imagine : credas innare 
Cycladas ; res credita ; vim ad- 
fore verbo. — Irregularly with per- 
son as object, trust, believe : Cas- 
sandra credita. 

credulus, -a, -um,^ [teredo (lost 
noun-stem, cf. credo) + lus], adj., 
believing, trustful, confiding, cred- 
ulous : non ego credulus illis. 

cremo, -avi, -atum, -are, [perh. 
akin to carbo], 1. v. a., bum, 
consume. 

Cremona, -ae, [?], f., a town of 
Gallia Cisalpina, on the Po. Its 
lands were confiscated by Augustus. 

creo, -avi, -atum, are, [fcero- 
(y'cer + us, see cerus, cresco, 
Ceres)], 1. v. a., produce, bring 
forth, beget. — Less exactly, breed 
(of animals). . 

crepldo, -inis, [akin to Kp-qiris'], f., 
a base, foundation. — Less exactly, 
a quay, bank. 

crepito, -avi, -atum, -are, [f cre- 
*pito-, p.p. of crepo], 1. v. n., 
crackle, rattle, rustle, clatter : 
flamma; malae (with blows) : 
Auster; brattea vento; undae 
(murmur). 

crepitus, -lis, [fcrepi- (stem of 
crepo, as root) -f tus], m., a rat- 
tling, creaking, clattering, rus- 
tli?ig; rattle (of thunder). 

crepo, -ill, -ituni, -are, [?], 1. v.n., 
crack, rattle, rustle, crash. — From 
effect to cause, break with a crash 
(perhaps the original meaning). 

cresco, crevi, cretum, crescere, 



[stem akin to creo (perhaps same, 
as if ere) + sco), 3. v. n., grow up, 
be bom, arise. :— Less exactly, grew, 
increase, swell ; Thybris (rise) ; 
corpus (fatten) ; umbrae (length- 
en) ; aestus (rise, flow). — Fig., 
thrive, prosper. — cretus, -a, -um, 
p.p., sprung from, descended from. 

Cres, -etis, [?], adj., Cretan. — 
Masc. plur., Cretes, -um, the in- 
habitants of Crete, Cretans. 

Cressius, -a, -um, [Gr. Kp7}aijs~\, 
adj., of Crete, Cretan. 

Cressus, -a, -um, [cf. Gr. Kp^aaa], 
adj., of Crete, Cretan. 

Creta, -ae, [Gr. Kpr\T7f\, f. of adj., 
Crete (the island in the Mediter- 
ranean, now Candid). — From a 
common export, chalk, Cretan 
earth, white clay. 

Cretaeus, -a, -uui, [adj. of Gr. 
form], adj., of Crete, Cretan. 

Creteus, see Cretheus. 

Cretheus, -eos, [?], m., a Greek in 
the Trojan army. 

cretus, -a, -um, p.p. of cresco. 

Creusa, -ae, [Gr. Kpeouaa (fern, p., 
princess)], f., a daughter of Priam, 
and wife of /Eneas. 

crimen, -inis, [lengthened root of 
cerno -f men], n. (a decision of a 
case, cf. cerno), a charge, accusa- 
tion. — Less exactly, a reproach, a 
crime, .a fault (more serious than 
culpa). — Poetically : crimina 
belli (charges to lead to war) ; 
se clamat crimen (the guilty 
one). 

Crimlsus" (-issus], -i, [Gr. Kpi- 
fxlaos (Kpifxiaaos)], m., a river on 
the south-west coast of Sicily. — 
Also, the river-god. 

crlnalis, -e, [fcrini- (reduced) 4- 
alis], adj., of the hair: aurum 
(golden hair-band). 

crinis, -is, [?], m., the hair. — From 
similarity,- tail (of a comet, or 
shooting-star), a trail, a train. 

crinitus, -a, -um, [fcrini (length- 
ened, as if stem of f crinio) 4 tus, 
cf. armatiisj, adj., having long 
hair, lo/ig-haired, crested. 



70 



Vocabulary. 



crispo, no perf., -atum, -are, 

[fcrispo], I. v. a., wave, brandish 
(cf. crispus). 

crista, -ae, [?], f., a crest (of a 
helmet) . — Less exactly, a helmet. 

cristatus, -a, -urn, [fcrista + tus, 
cf. armatus], adj., crested (having 
a crest as a famous warrior). 

croceus, -a, -um, [fcroco- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of saffron, 
saffron. 

crocus, -1, m., -um, -i, n., [Gr. 
KpoKos~\ 9 saffron. — Less exactly, 
saffron-color. 

crudelis, -e, -[f crude- (stem of 
fcrudeo, fr. crudus implied in 
crudesco) + lis, cf. Aprilis], 
adj., harsh, sez'ere, cruel, unrelent- 
ing, ruthless. — Transferred, cruel, 
bloody, destructive, frightful ': fu- 
nus; fata; arae; umbrae (of 
the lower world). — Also, bitter, 
violent: luctus; odium. 

crudeliter [f crudeli + ter ( ?, neut. 
of terus, reduce'd)], adv., cruelly, 
barbarously. 

crudesco, -ui, no sup., -escere, 
[f crude- (cf. crudelis) + sco], 
3. v. n. inch., grow hard, become 
aggravated, groiv worse, grow 
fierce, wax hot : pugnae. 

crudus, -a, -um, [stem akin to 
cruor + dus], adj., bloody, raw. — 
From similarity, hard, rough. — 
Less exactly, undressed, raiv : p'ero. 
— Fig., rough, rude, sturdy : se- 
nectus. — Also, cruel, harsh : 
ensis^ . 

cruento, -avi, -atum, -are, [f cru- 
ento-]., 1. v. a., make bloody, spot 
or stain with blood. 

cruentus, -a, -vim, [y'cru, in 
cruor, p. or p. developed, cf. ar- 
gentum], adj., bloody, gory. — 
From similarity, blood- red, crim- 
son, red : myrta ; bello signum. 

cruor, -oris, [ycru (in cruentus, 
etc.) + or], m., blood, gore (blood 
shed) . — A lso, life-blood. 

criis, -uris, [?], n., the leg. 

crusta, -ae, [?, but cf. crustum 
and KpvaraWos'], f., the skin, rind, 



shell, crust, bark. — Less exactly, 
ice. 

crustum, -i, [cf. crusta], n., bread 
(thin and perhaps hard baked, as 
used for trenchers). 

Crustumerl, -orum, [?], m., the 
people of Cnustumerium, a town of 
the Sabines, the town itself. 

Crustumius, -a, -um, adj., of 
Crustumium or Crustumeriu?n, 
Crustumian. 

eublle, -is, [n. adj. fr. lost noun- 
stem (akin to cubo) +ilis], n., a 
bed, couch. — Less exactly, a nest, 
a beehive, a stall, a burrozv. 

cubitum, -I, [tcubi- (stem of cubo, 
as root) + turn (n. of tus)], n., 
the elbozv. 

cucumis, -eris, [?, reduplicated 
root + is (akin to -us and -or)], 
m., a cuciimber. 

cuius (quoi-), -a, -um, [fquo- 
(stem of qui) + ius), pron. adjr, 
whose ? 

culmen, -inis, [unc. root (perhaps 
^/col) + men, cf. columna], n., 
top, summit, roof. 

culmus, -I, [cf. "halm"],m., a stalk, 
stem (esp. of grain), straw-Jhatch. 

culpa, -ae, [?], fault, crime, defect, 
guilt. - — Less exactly, infection, 
disease (cf. vitivim) . 

culpatus, -a, -um, p.p. of culpo. 

culpo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f culpa], 
I. v. a., blame, reproach, censure, 
reprove, disapprove, condemn. — 
culpatus, -a, -um, p.p., blame- 
able, to be blamed. 

culter, -tri, [?], m., a knife, sacri- 
ficial knife. 

cultor, -oris, [V co * ( m colo) + 
tor], m., cultivator, husbandman, 
tiller of the soil. — Less exactly, 
inhabitant. — Also, worshipper, 
priest. — Also (cf. colo), lover: 
nemorumPan {loving to inhabit). 

cultrlx, -icis, [ ^col (root of colo) 
4- trix],f., a female inhabitant. — 
Also, protectress, patroness, mis- 
tress. 

cultura, -ae, [f cultu- (lengthened, 
perh. as if verb-stem, cf. tribus, 



Vocabulary. 



71 



tribunus, tribuo) + ra (f. of 
rus, cf. maturus, also figura)], 
f., cultivation, care. 

1. cultus, -a, -urn, p.p. of colo. 

2. cultus, -us, [V c °l ( m colo) + 
tus], m., cultivation, tillage (of 
land). — Of othej: things, care. — 
Fig., mode of life, manners, dress, 
care of the person, plight . 

1. cum [prob. identical with con], 
prep, with abl., with (in all Eng- 
lish senses except instrument, and 
sometimes almost approaching that 

•if accompaniment is the main idea). 
— Appended to personal pronouns : 
mecum, tecum. — Phrase : cum 
primis, chiefly, especially. 

2. cum (earlier* form quom, cf. 
cuius fr. qui), incorrect spelling, 
quum, [unc. case-form of quis, 
qui, cf. turn, num, dum], adv. 
Temporal, ivhen, since, while. — 
Causal, since, although, while. 

Cumae, -arum, [Gr. KiV??}, f-, an 
ancient colony of the Chalcidians 
in Campania, the residence of the 
Sibyl. - 

Cumaeus, -a, -urn, [Gr. Ku^cuos], 
adj., of Cumce, Cumcean. 

cumba, see cymba. 

cumque, [2. cum-que, cf. quis- 
que], adv., usually appended to 
relatives, (akvays), so ever. 

cumulatus, -a, -um, p.p. of cu- 
mulo. 

cumulo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f cu- 
mulo], I. v. a., heap up, pile up. 
— By a change of point of view, 
heap tip 7vith, load, pile with : 
Acesten muneribus ; altaria 
donis. — Poetic use : veniam. cu- 
mulatam morte remittaai (in- 
creased by my death, repaid in 
ample measure). 

cumulus, -I, [lost stem fcumo- (cf. 
Kvfxo- in composition, wave, same 
root as kvoo) +lus], m., a mass, a 
heap, a pile. 

cunabula, -orum, [tcuna- (as if 
of lost verb, cf. cunae) -f bulum], 
n. plnr., a cradle. — Less exactly, 
a nest, a cell (resting-place of 



bees) . — Fig., of a birthplace, cra- 
dle, first home : gentis nostrae. 

cunctor, -atus, -art, [fcunctd, 
p.p. of lost verb of unc. root, but 
cf. Sk. cank, wave?'~\, I. v. dep., 
linger, loiter, hesitate, delay : 
cunctando {by dilatory measures) ; 
cunctanti (of Palinurus, resisting, 
not yielding to sleep). 

cunctus, -a, -um, [con-iunctus, 
p.p. as adj.], adj., usually plur., all 
(together), the whole. 

cuneus, -I, [?, but cf. conus, cos], 
m., a wedge. — From the form, a 
column (of attack, in the form of 
a wedge). — Also, the rows of a 
theatre, benches of spectators. 

cunque, see cumque. 

Cupravo, -onis, [?], m., son of 
Cycnus, a prince of northern Italy. 

Cupencus, -i, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

cupido, -inis, [fcupi- (either stem 
of cupio or lost noun- stem akin) 
+ do, perhaps through cupes], f., 
rarely m., desire, longing, eager- 
ness. — Personified, Love, Cupid. 

cupidus, -a, -um, [fcupo- or f cupi- 
(lost stem akin to cupio) + dus], 
adj., longing, eager, desirous. . 

cupio, -Ivl (-il), -Itum, -ere, 
[ ^fcuip, but perhaps through noun- 
stem], 3. v. a. and n., long for 
(stronger than volo), desire, be 
eager, covet, wish, be anxious, long, 
burn to. 

cupressus, -1, [Gr. Kv-n-apiaaos'], f., 
the cypress (a tall evergreen sacred 
to Pluto, and a sign of death and 
mourning). 

cur (quor), [prob. qua-re], inter- 
rog. adv., why ? wherefore ? for 
ivhat purpose ? 

cura, -ae, [akin to Koipauos'], f., 

. care, trouble, anxiety^ concern, so- 
licitude : curae ingeminant. — 
Esp. of love, distress (of love), 
love ; regina gravi saucia cura. 
— Concretely, the object of love, 
love, flame, d as ling : tua eura 
Lycoris. — With reference to an 
object, solicitude, care, attentio?t, 
pains, concern ; cura peculi ; 



72 



Vocabulary. 



grandaevis oppida curae (i.e., 
are their care) ; amantes curae 
numen habet {has in his care) ; 
tantae est victoria curae {such 
■ eager desire for victory) ; terra- 
rum cura {charge) ; arva noil 
ulli obnoxia curae {subject to no 

• labor of man) ; omni cura vires 
exercet {diligence) ; curas ex- 
tendit in annum. — In a weaker 
sense, regard for, thought of mem- 
ory : Corydonis {regard for) ; 
amissae parentis; ea cura . . . 
rumpere, etc. {the thought).. — 
Concretely, object of care, care, 
business, province : ducis concipe 
curam {task, but compare gran- 
daevis, etc., above) ; quibus cura 
penum struere {office) ; obsidere 
cura datur Messapo ; tenues 
curae {trivial affairs). — Per- 
sonified, in first sense, Cares : 
ultrices (pangs of conscience). 

Curculio (gurgulio), -onis, [?], 
m., a corn-worm, weevil. 

Cures, -ium, m. and f., the ancient 
chief town of the Sabines. 

Curetes, -um, [Gr. Kouprjres^, m., 
the most ancient inhabitants of the 
island of Crete, priests of Cybele 
(the same as the Corybantes). 

curia, -ae, [?], f., the senate-house. 

euro [old form, coero], -avi, 
-atum, -are, [fcura],' i. v. a., 
care for, take or have care of, be 
solicitous for, look or attend' to, 
trouble one's self about, tend, culti- 
vate, look out for (secure) : cor- 
pora {refresh) ; vites {dress) ; 
carmina ; id venti curant ; fri- 
gora {mind). — With inf., care 
to, desire to, take the trouble to. 

curriculum, -i, [fcurru- (weak- 
ened) + culum, dim.], n., course. 
— Fig., space, course (of time), 
career. 

curro, cucurrl, cursum, cur- 
rere, [?], 3. v. n., run, move 
quickly, hasten, Sec. — Less ex- 
actly and fig. of' everything con- 
ceived as moving, sail, flow, pass, 
skim, fly, run, shoot, glide (of a 



shooting-star) : stella ; tremor ; 
purpura; classis iter tutum 

{speed); aequor (jt/cv'w). 

currus, -us, [^/curr (as if root of 
curro) -f- us], m., a chariot, car. — 
Less exactly, a team, horses : nee 
audit currus habenas. — a plough 
(with wheels). ' 

cursus, -us, [ ycurr (as if root of 
curro) + tus], m., a running, 
course, march, passage, voyage, 
journey, pursuit, flight, race : 
hunc modum cursus {manoeu- 
vres) ; transmitt ere cursum {cross 
the ferry). — Less exactly, gait, 
walk, mode of running ox going : 
trepido cuYS\i{trembling haste) . — 
Transferred, direction, way, course 
(of a river), course (of ships, &c.) : 
torquet medios cursus nox {rolls 
in the jniddle of her course). 

curvatus, -a, -um, p.p. of curvo. 

curvo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fcur- 
vo-], 1 . v. a., bend, bow, benddozun, 
curve, crook. — curvatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., bent, arched, 
bowed, curved. 

curvus, -a, -um, [same root as Gr. 
Kupros -\- v&~], adj., crooked, bent, 
curved : aratrum ; arator {stoop- 
ing) ; falces {hooked) ; flumina 
{winding) . 

cuspis, -iclis, [?], f., a point: acuta. 
— Less exactly, a trident, a spear, 
javelin, lance. 

custodia, -ae, [stem of f custod -f 
ia (f. of -ins).], f., watch, guard, 
care, charge. — Concretely, a guard 
ox guardian. — Plur ., guards, guard 
or watch. 

custodio, -IvI or -il, -Itum, -Ire, 
[fcustodi-(as if stem of custos) ], 
4. v. a:, watch over, protect, defend, 
guard. — Esp., with the notion of 
hindering free motion, hold back, 
preserve, keep, guard, shut up, 
hold in custody, hold captive. — 
With clause with ne, guard, watch. 

custodltus, -a, -um, p.p. of cus- 
todio. 

custos, -odis, [?], comm., a guard, 
watch, preserver, keeper, overseer. 



Vocabulary. 



73 



protector. — Less exactly, herds- 
man, porter, pilot, overseer, shep- 
herd, watchdog, watchman, spy, 
priest, attendant (of a boy). 

Cybebe (-ele), -es, [Gr. Kv&T)$r{], 
f., Cybele,2, Phrygian goddess wor- 
shipped as mother of the gods. 
Her worship was wild and orgias- 
tic, accompanied by drums and 
cymbals. Her effigies were crowned 
with towers, and her car drawn by 
lions. 

Cybela, -ae, [Gr. Kuj8eA?7], f., a 
mountain in Phrygia. 

Cybele, -es; see Cybebe. 

Cybelus, -I, sometimes read for 
Cybela, -ae. " 

Cyelades, -vim, [Gr. KuK\dBes, fr. 
kuk\os, circle^, f. plur., a gfonp of 
islands around Delos in the .Lgean. 

Cyclopeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Kvk\£- 
7reios], adj., of the Cyclopes ; saxa. 

Cyclops, -opis, [Gr. KukAwi|/] , m., 
a Cyclops, fabled giants with one 
eye in the middle of the forehead. 
They served as the workmen of 
Vulcan. 

eyenus, -I, [Gr. kvkvos~], m., a swan. 

Cycnus, -I, [same word as preced.], 
m., a king of the Ligurians, 
changed to a swan. 

Cydippe, -es, [Gr. Rvdiirirr]^, f., a 
nereid. 

Cydon, -onis, m., a Latin. 

Cydon, -onis, [Gr. Ki>5o>»/]. adj. m., 
a Cydonian, a native of Cydonia, 
a town of Crete, put generally for 
Cretan. 

Cydonius, -a, -um, [Gr. Kv$a)vios~\ , 
adj., a Cydonian ; see Cydon. 
• Cygnus, -I ; see Cycnus. 

cylindrus, -I, [Gr. KvAiu$pos~\, m., 
a roller, a stone (for rolling). 

Cyllarus, -i, [Gr. KuAAapos], m., 
the horse of Pollux. 

Cyllene, -es (-ae), [Gr. KuAAt?^], 
f., a mountain of Arcadia, the birth- 
place of Mercury. 

Cyllenius, -a, -um, [Gr. Kt/AA7J- 



vios~\, adj., of Cyllene. — Masc, 
Mercury. — Less exactly, of Mer- 
cury : ignis (the planet Mer- 
cury). 

cymba, -ae, [Gr. /cu^u/fy], f., a boat, 
a skiff, a bark. 

cymbalum, -I, [Gr. kv\jl$oXov\ , n., 
a cymbal. 

cymbium, -1 (-il), [Gr. kv/ulQiov'], 
n., a cup, a bowl (in form of a 
boat, cf. cymba). 

Cymodoce, -es, [Gr. Kujjlo^oktj^ , f., 
a sea-nymph. 

Cymodocea, -ae, [adj. fr. the pre- 
ced.], f., a sea-nymph. 

Cymothoe, -es, [Gr. KvixoQorf], f., 
a sea-nymph. 

Cyniphius, -a, -um; see Ciny- 
phius. 

Cynthius, -a, -um, [Gr. Kuy0*os], 
adj., of Cynthus. — Masc, Apollo, 
Lord of Cynthus. 

Cynthus, -I, [Gr. KvuOos], m., a 
mountain in Delos, the birthplace 
and favorite haunt of. Apollo. 

cyparissus, -I, [Gr. Kvirdjiaaos'], f., 
the cypress (an evergreen tree used 
at funerajs, and planted by tombs). 

Cyprus, -I, [Gr. Kvnpos'], f., an 
island in the Mediterranean. 

Cyrene, -es, [Gr. Kvprjvr)'], f., the 
mother of Aristaeus. 

Cyrneus (naeus), -a, -um, [Gr. 
\Kvpvtios~] , 'adj., of Corsica (an- 
ciently called Cyrnus), Corsican. 

Cythera, ' -orum, [Gr. KvOrjpa], 
n. plur., the island south of Laco- 
nia (now Cerigd), where Venus 
was fabled to have landed from the 
sea. 

Cythereus, -a, -um, [Gr. \KvBr}- 
peos], adj., of Cythera. — Fern., 
the godd&ss of Cythera, Venus. 

cytisus, -I, [Gr. kvtmjos\, comm., 
clover (of a special kind, perhaps 
me die a go a r bo red). 

Cy torus, -I, [Gr. Kvrcopos'], m., a 
mountain in Paphlagonia, famous 
for its boxwood. 



74 



Vocabulary. 



D. 



Dacus, -a, -urn, [Gr. Aclkos), adj., 
Dacian, of the Daci (a warlike 
people on the northern bank of 
the Danube).- — Masc. plur., the 
Dacians (the people themselves). 

Daedalus, -I, [Gr. AcuSaAos], m., a 
famous artisan of. Athens who built 
the labyrinth, and escapmg from 
Crete on artificial wings, landed at 
Cumae (see next word). 

daedalus, -a, -um, [Gr. daida\os~l, 
adj., skilful, cunning, — Trans- 
ferred, cunningly wrought, artis- 
tic : tecta. 

Dahae, -arum, [Gr. AdaC], m. plur., 
a Scythian tribe east of the Caspian 
Sea, on the Oxus, in the modern 
Daghestan. 

dama, see damma. 

damma, -ae, [perhaps akin to ddfia- 
Aos], f. (rarely m.), a deer. 

damnatus, -a, -um, p.p. of damno. 

damno, -avi, -atum, -are, [fdam- 
no-], i. v. a.,( fine), sentence, judge, 
condemn. — Less exactly, bind, 
oblige : votis (bind by vows', by 
granting prayers) ; quern damnet 
labor (zvhom the toil of war shall 
condemn to death). 

Damoetas, -ae, m., a shepherd. 

Damon, -onis, [Gr. Aa/*w>], m., a 
goatherd. 

Danae, -es, [Gr. Aavdri], {., a 
daughter of Acrisius, king of Ar- 
gos, beloved by Jupiter and sent 
adrift in a boat. Virgil interprets 
the story differently (see /En. vii. 
410). 

Danaus, -a, -um, [Gr. Aaz/aos], adj., 
of Danaus, a mythic king of Egypt 
who settled in Argos, father of the 
Danaidoe, and king of Argos. — 
Less exactly, Grecian. — Masc. 
plur., the Greeks. 

Daphnis, -idis, [Gr. Aa$vis\ m., a 
mythical Sicilian shepherd, the in- 
ventor of bucolic poetry. 

fdaps, dapis, [akin to Sa7rav7?], f., a 
feast, a banquet. 



Dardanides, -ae, [Gr. AapSavtSris, 
patronymic of Dardanus], m., 

son of Dardanus. — Esp., Apneas, 
descended from him. — Plur., the 
Trojans. 

Dardanis, -idis, [Gr. Aaptiavis, cf. 
preceding], f., daughter of Dar- 
danus. — Esp., the Trojan women. 

Dardanius, -a, -vim, [Gr. AapSa- 
wos],adj., (of Dardanus) , of Troy, 
Trojan. — Fern., the Trojan land, 
Troy. 

Dardanus, -1, [Gr. Aap5az/os], m., 
son of Jupiter and Plectra, founder 
of the house of Priam and yEneas. 

Dardanus, -a, -um, [Gr. AcipSa- 
vos~\, adj., of Dardanus, son of 
Jupiter and Electra, father of Tros, 
and founder of the race of Priam 
and /Eneas, Dardanian. — Less 
•exactly, Trojan. — Masc. plur.-, the 
Trojans. 

Dares, etis, [Gr. Aa.pt]s\ m.: 1. A 
Trojan boxer ; 2. A Trojan war- 
rior. 

dator, -oris, [^/da + tor], m., a 
giver. 

datus, -a, -um, p.p. of do. 

Daucius, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
Daucus, a noble of the Rutuli, 
Rutuliah. 

Daunius, -a, -um, [fDauno- (re- 
duced) + ius], adj., of Daunus, 
Daunian. 

Daunus, -I, [?], m., a mythical king 
of Apulia* 

de [unc. case from pron. y'da, cf. 
deterior, demum],. prep, with 
abl., (down, cf. compounds ),/;'£///, 
away from, down from, out of: 
pendere de rupe. — Of part from 
a whole, from, of, out of. — Of 
cause, origin, and material, from, 
of: suo de nomine (after') ; de 
te suscepta (begot by). — Fig. (cf. 
Eng. of, off), of, in regard to, 
about, concerning, respecting, as 
to : de vita certant (for life) ; 
de te merui (of you) ; cui tantum 






Vocabulary. 



75 



de te licuit (upon, of an outrage). 

— Of quasi origin, in accordance 
with, by : de more. 

dea, -ae, [cf. deus], f., a goddess. 

debellator, -oris, [de-bellator, cf. 
debello], in., a conquer or, a sub- 
due 7*. 

debello, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
bello], I. v. a., subdue, vanquish, 
crusfi, quell. 

debeo, -bul, -bitum, -bere, [de- 
habeo], 2. v. a., {keep away), owe. 

— Pass., be due, be destined, be 
appointed. — debitus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., due, destined, ap- 
pointed. 

debilis, -e, [de-habilis] , adj., (un- 
handy), weak, maimed, powerless, 
crippled. 

debilito, -avi, -atum, -are, [fde- 
bilito-, fr. debilis], i.v.a. weaken, 
enfeeble. 

debitus, -a, -um, p.p. of debeo. 

decedo, -cessi, -cessum, -cedere, 
[de-cedo], 3. v. n., withdraw, re- 
tire, give way to, set (of heavenly 
bodies); nocti (retire before*). — 
decedens, -entis, p. as adj., de- 
clining, setting: die decedenti 
(declining) . 

decern [cf. 5e/ca, petrified case-form], 
indecl. num. adj., ten. 

deceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of decipio. 

decerno, -crevi, -cretum, -cer- 
nere, [de-cerno], 3. v. a. and n., 
decide (cf. cerno), determine. — 
With inf., resolve, determine. — 
Esp. in a contest, contend, fight. 

decerpo, -cerpsl, -cerptum, -cer- 
pere, [de-carpo], 3. v. a., pluck 
off. 

decet, decuit, no sup., decere, 
[^dec, akin to dignus, doceo, 
SeiKvujxi], 2. v. a. and n., only third 
person, befit, behoove, be fitting, be 
proper. — Past tenses, ought. 

decido, -cidl, no sup., -cidere, 
[de-cado], 3. v. n., fall dozvn,fall. 

decido, -clsl, -clsum, -cidere, 
[de-caedo], 3. v. a., cut off, lop. 

decipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipere, 
[de-capio J, 3. v. a., deceive, betray. 



decisus, -a, -um, p.p. of decido. 

Decius, -1 (-ii), [prop. adj. ?], m., 
a Roman gentile name. — Esp., 
two . distinguished Romans, P. 
Decius Mus, who devoted them- 
selves to death in battle for their 
country, one at Veseris, the other 
at Sentinum. 

deelaro, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
claro] , I . v. a., make plain, mani- 
fest. — Esp. by word .of mouth, 
pronounce, proclaim, announce, 
declaiy : Cloanthum victorem. 

decllno, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
clino], 1. v. a. and n., bend down, 
turn off. — Esp. of the eyelids, 
loiver, close : lumina somno. 

decolor, -oris, [de-color, as adj.], 
adj., (with its color off), discolored, 
dimmed; aetas (less lustrous, 
changed horn golden to bronze). 

decoquo, -coxi, -coctum, -co- 
quere, [de-coquo], 3. v. a., boil 
dozvn, boil away. 

decor, -oris, [V^ec (cf. decet) + 
or], m., beauty, comeliness, grace. 

decoro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fde- 
• cor 6-], I. v. a., make beautiful, 
adorn, embellish. — Fig., honor : 
me sepulcro. 

decorus, -a, -um, [perh. f decor + 
us, more likely lost stem fdec5 
(cf. decet) 4- rus, cf. avarus, 
severus, maturus, and colo- 
nus, aegrotus, velox, custos, 
-odis], adj., decorated, ador?ied, 
beautiful, comely, lovely, brilliattt. 

decumus (deci-), -a, -um, [decern 
(reduced or perhaps orig. stem) + 
mus, cf. infimus], adj., tenth. 

decurro, -curri (-cucurri), -cur- 
sum, -ere, [de-curro] , 3. v. n., run 
doiun. — Less exactly, of any rapid 
motion, sail, fly, rush, march down 
or over, speed along : circum ro- 
gos (dance around, of an armed 
dance). — Fig., run over, pass 
through, finish ■ laborem incep- 
tum. 

decursus, -us, [de-cursus], m., a 
running dozvn, course, descent. 

decus, -oris, [^dec + us], n., 



7 6 



Vocabulary, 



beauty, comeliness, grace. — Con- 
cretely, ornament, adornment. — 
Fig., honor, glory, fame. — Of per- 
sons concretely, glory, pride : 
decus i nostrum. 

decutio, -cussi, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [de-quatio], 3. v. a., shake 
off, knock off : mella foliis. 

dedecus, -oris, [de-decus], n., dis- 
grace, dishonor, shame. 

dedignor, -atus, -arl, [de-dignor], 
I. v. dep., disdain, scorn. 

dedo, -dere, -didl, -ditiim, [de- 
do], 3. v. a., (give off or away), 
give up, resign, yield up. 

deduco, -duxl, -ductum, -du- 

. cere, [de-duco], 3. v. a., lead 
dozvn, draw down, drag away, 
draw off, drain. — Less exactly, 
lead, conduct, (of a triumph, lead 
in triumph), (esp. of a colony, 
plant)'. — Esp. of ships, launch. — 
deductus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
(drawn out), slender, fine spun : 
carmen (cf. tenuis). 

deductus, -a, -um, p.p. of deduco. 

deerro, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
erro], 1. v. n., wander away. 

defectus, -us, [de-factus, as if 
dene 4- tus], m., (failure), eclipse. 

defendo, -dl, -sum, -dere, [de- 
ffendo, strike'], .3. v. a., (strike 
down), ward off, keep off, avert : 
hunc furorem (defend me from). 
— With change of point of view, 
defend from, guard, protect: 
aprum palus (harbor). 

defensor, -oris, [de-ffensor, cf. 
defendo],. m., a defender, a pro- 
tector, a champion. 

defensus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
fendo. 

defero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, [de- 
fero], irr. v. a., carry down, bring 
dozvn. — Esp. from sea to land, 
bear, drive, land in, convey. — 
Less exactly, deliver, bear to, re- 
port, announce. — In pass., throw 
one's self down. 

defessus, -a, -um, [de-fessus], 
adj., ti red out, worn out, fatigued. 

deficio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 



(pass, defit), [de-facio], irr. v. a. 
and n. (make off, cf. proficiseor), 
give out, fail, be wanting to, cease : 
lac mihi defit (fail me); glan- 
des sylvae (the woods lack acorns)', 
navis (sink, in the sea) ; qua de- 
ficit ignis (what the fire spares) ; 
ultimus ignis (is dying out). — 
Esp. of persons, faint, fail, sink, 
be exhausted : luctu Latinus ; 
dubiis ne defice rebus. — With 
ace, deficit noctes umor(//^ night 
lacks moisture). 

defigo, -flxi, -flxum, -figere, 
[de-figo], 3: v. a., fasten down, 
plant in: hastae defixae (stuck 
in the ground)-, defixa aratra 
. (standing in the furrow) . — Fig., 
fix,' fasten, cast down : defixus 
lumina (with eyes fixed, &c.) ; 
defixi ora tenebant (held their 
eyes cast doian) . 

def lo, see deficio. 

defixus, -a, -um, p.p. of defigo. 

deflecto, -flexi, -flexum, -flec- 
tere, [de-flecto], 3. v. a., turn 
aside. 

defleo, -evi, -etum, -ere,[de-fleo], 
2. v. a., weep for, mourn for : 
membra ; haec (mourn thus) . 

defletus, -a, -um, p.p. of defleo. 

defluo, -fluxl, -fluxum, -fluere, 
[de-fluo], 3. v. n., flow down, float 
down, sail dozvn. — Less exactly, 
of things not }iquid> glide down, 
fall, drop, slide: cohors ad ter- 
rain equis relictis; vestis ad 
imos pedes. 

defodio, -f odl, -fossum, -fodere, 
[de-fodio], 3. v. a., dig dozvn, dig. 
— Of effect, bury, conceal. 

deformis, -e, [de-forma (weak- 
ened) decl. as adj.], adj., deformed 
(cf. decolor), unsightly. 

deformo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fde- 
formi-, as if fdeformo-], 1. v. a., 
disfigure, deform : domum (spoil, 
by killing a member). 

defossus, -a, -um, p.p. of defodio. 

defringd, -fregi, -fractum, -frin- 
gere, [de-frango], 3. v. a., break 
off. 



• Vocabulary. 



77 



defrutum, -1, [?], n., must (boiled 
down). . 

defunctus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
fungor. 

Mefungor, -functus, -fungi, [de- 
fungor], 3. v. dep., {perform to 
the end), finish, complete, have 
done with, pass through : vita ; 
periclis. 

degener, -eris, [de-genus (r for s), 
cf. decolor], adj., degenerate. — 
Less exactly, of low birth, ignoble. 

dejgenero, -avl, -atum, -are, [de- 
gener], I. v. n., degenerate, dete- 
riorate. 

dego, degi, no sup., degere, [de- 
ago], 3. v. a., spend, lead, pass : 
vitarn. 

degusto (perh. u), -avl, -atum, 
-are, [de-gusto], 1. v. a., (Jake 
off to taste) , taste. — Fig., of a 
weapon, graze. 

dehinc [de-hinc, cf. deinde], adv., 
from hence (of place or time), 
hence. — Less exactly, cf. dein'de, 
next, hereupon, then. 

dehisco, -hivi, no sup., -hiscere, 
[de-hisco], 3.. v. n., yawn, gape : 
terrae {crack). 

deicio (deii-), -iecl, -iectum, 
-icere, [de-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
down, cast down, hurl down, drive 
down. — Esp. of death, lay low, 
strike down, bring down, kill, slay. 
— Technically, of forces, dislodge, 
drive away (also of a serpent) . — 
Fig., cast down : voltum. — de- 
iectus, -a, -um, p.p., dejected, 
dismayed. — Also, deprived of, 
stricken off ': deiecto voltu (with 
eyes downcast) ; sors (thrown into 
a helmet). 

delectus, -a, -um, p.p. of deicio. 

deiicio, see better spelling deicio. 

dein, see deinde. 

deinde, dein, [de-inde, cf. de- 
hinc], adv., from thence, from 
here, thence, hence. — Of time, front 
this or that time on, thereafter } 
hereafter. — Less exactly, then, 
theretipon, next in succession : 
nunc deinde {novo after this) ; 



nunquam deinde {never here- 
after) . 
Deiopeia, -ae, [Gr. f Ariion-nia], f . : 

1. A nymph of Juno; 2. A nymph 
of Cyrene. 

Deiphobe, -es, [Gr. Ay «p 6 £77], f., 
a priestess of Apollo, daughter of 
Glaucus. 

Deiphobus, -1, [Gr. AriKpopos'], m., 
a son of Priam. 

delabor, -lapsus, -labi, [de-la- 
bor], 3. v. dep., glide down, fall 
down. — Less exactly, fall into or 
upon : medios in hostes. 

delapsus, -a, -um, p.p. of delabor. 

delatus, -a, -um, p.p. of defero. 

delectus, -us, [de-lectus], m., a 
choice, a selection. 

delectus, -a, -um, p.p.^of deligo. 

deleo, -evi, -etum, -ere, [de-flec, 
akin to letum and perhaps lino], 

2. v. a., blot otit, obliterate. — Fig., 
or more extended meaning, destroy, 
annihilate. 

deletus, -a, -um, p.p. of deleo. 

Delia, see Delius. 

dellbo, -avl, -atum, -are, [de- 
libo], 1. v. a., taste : oscula {kiss 
the lips). 

deliciae, -arum, [de-flicius, akin 
to lacio and perhaps licium, 
sublica], f. plur., delight, pleas- 
ure. -^- Concretely (cf. amor), de- 
lig/lt, pet. 

deligo, -legi, -Iectum, -ligere, 
[de-lego], 3. v. a., pick out, choose, 
select : jlelecta iuventus. 

delitesco, -litui, no sup., -lites- 
cere, [de-latesco]; 3. v. inch., 
hide away, lie hid, lurk, skulk. 

Delius, -a, -um, [Gr. A^Xlos, adj. 
of AtjAos], adj., of Delos, Delian : 
Apollo (so called from his birth- 
place). — Fern., a name of Diana, 
Diana. 

Delos, -I, [Gr. ArjAos'], f., an island 
in the TEgean, famed as the birth- 
place of Apollo and Diana. 

delpliln, -inis, (delphinus, j-i), 
[Gr. 5eA(£iV], m., a dolphin. 

delubrum, -1, [de-flubrum (cf. 
luo), as if fdelu + brum] , n., 



78 



Vocabulary. 



(place of cleansing)^ a temple, a 
shrine. 
delfido, -lusl, -lusum, -liidere, 

[de-ludo], 3. v. a., mock, deceive, 
delude, cheat: somnia sensus; 
animum Apollo. 

demens, -entis, [de-mens], adj., 
(with the mind away, cf. araens), 
mad, insane, crazy (less violent 
than aniens), wild. — Less exact- 
ly, foolish, infatuated. 

dementia, -ae, [fdement-f ia], f., 

' madness., insanity, frenzy. — Less 
exactly, folly, infatuation. 

demergo, -rsl, -rsum, -rgere, 
[de-mergo], 3. v. a., sink, plunge. 
— demersus, -a, -um, p.p., 
sunken, submerged : rostra. 

demersus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
merge 

demessus, -a, -um, p.p. of demeto. 

demeto, -messul, -messum, -me- 
tere, [de-meto], 3. v. a., mow 
down. — Less exactly, pluck off, 
pluck. 

de miss us, -a, -um, p .p. of demitto. 

demitto, -mlsi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [de-mi tto], 3. v. a., send 
down, let down, let fall : multos 
Oreo (despatch) ; morti corpora 
(consign) ; imbrem caelo i^drop) ; 
funem. — Less exactly, lower, 
throw out, cause to flow, sink, cast 
down, hang down, suspend, let fall, 
droop : ubera vaccae (bear hang- 
ing) ; bracchia scopuli ; iugulis 
cruorem (drain) ; demittitur 
caelo nova progenies (descend) ; 
puteum in solido; mentes (lose 
courage) ; demissa ex umeris 
laena (hanging) ; iugum clivo 
(descend in aslope) ; uvam ramis ; 
demissa pectoribus monilia ; 
demissa voltum (with downcast 
face) ; dicta in aures (receive) ; 
demissae aures (laid back). — 
demissus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
downcast, low, subdued, drooping : 
vox ; lumen ; nomen lu\o(drawn 
from) ; ab love gens -(sprung). 

demo, dempsl, demptum, de- 
mere, [de-emo], 3. v. a., take 



aivay (cf. emo), take off. — Fig., 
remove, dispel : curas. 

Demodoeus, -i, [Gr. Atj/jloSokos'], 
m., a Trojan. 

Demoleus, -i, [Gr. Arj/xoXeos'], m. f 
a Greek. 

Demophoon, -ontis, [Gr. Ar^uo- 
<£oW], m., a Trojan. 

demoror, -atus, -arl, [de-moror], 
I. v. dep., delay, detain, linger 
out ; — await, expect. 

demum [de + mum (n. of -mus), 
superl. of de (cf. iimis, sumus)], 
adv., (lozvest), at last, at length, 
finally. — Esp. with implied nega- . 
tion, at last (and not before), not 
till, only : ilia seges demum re- 
spondet ; turn demum (not till 
the tt). 

deni, -ae, -a, [decern (reduced) + 
nus, cf. nonus], distr. num. adj., 
ten each, ten (apiece). — Less ex- 
actly (regular with numeral ad- 
verbs), ten : bis deni. 

denique [fdeno (de + nus, cf. de- 
mum) + que (case-form of quis)], 
didw., (lowest, cf. demum), finally, 
at length, at last. — Like demum, 
not till, only* 

dens, dentis, [?, cf. Gr. oSous], m., 
a tooth. — Of things of similar 
shape, as in English, a sickle, a 
fluke (of an anchor), prong (of a 
hoe), point (of a ploughshare) : 
curvo Saturni dente ; dente un- 
co (recluditur terra). 

denseo, no perf., -etum, -ere ; see 
dense 

denso, -avi, -atum, -are, [fden- 
so-], I. v. a. (also 2.), thicken, 
make close or frequent : agmina 
(close up the ranks) ; hastilia 
(redouble, hurl thick and fast). — 
Pass., close up, stand thick, crowd 
together, thicken; close in-: agmi- 
na; tenebrae. 

densus, -a, -um, [?, p.p. of lost 
verb], adj., thick, dense, close, 
crowded: fagi ; iuba ; testudo 

• (serried)-, caligo; grando; tec- 
ta ferarum; imber (heavy). — 
Less exactly, of mere numbers, or 



Vocabulary. 



79 



repetition in time, numerous^ re- 
peated, frequen •', numberless : SU- 
boles ; Austri fremitus (Jnces- 
' sant) ; ictus. 

dentale, -is, [f dent + alis, n. of 
adj.],n. (reg. plur.), a share beam 
(part of a plough). 

denuneio, see denuntio. 

denuntio, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
nuntio], I. v. a., announce (offi- 
cially, cf. defero), declare, threat- 
en : iras; pluviam {portend J. 

depasco, -pavi, -pastum, - pas- 
cere, (also pass. dep.),[de-pasco], 
3. v. a., feed down, crop, graze, feed 
ttpon : summa Ljcaei. — Also of 
the shepherd : luxuriem segetum 
(by turning in cattle). — Less ex- 
actly, of other things than cattle, 
feed on, consume, tear, devour, 
zuaste ; artus raorsu (of a ser- 
pent) ; depasta alt-aria (with the 
offering consumed ) ; saepes de- 
pasta norem apibus; artus fe- 
bris. 

depastus, -a, -um, p.p. of depasco. 

depeeto, no perf., -pexum, -pec- 
tere, [de-pecto], 3. v. a., comb 
off, comb down : veil era foliis. 

depello, -pull, -pulsum, -pellere, 
[de-pello], 3. v. a., drive off, drive 
down, drive away : fetus ovium 
(to the town for sale). — With or 
without a determining word, wean : 
agni a lacte depulsi ; ab ubere 
matris ; depulsi haedi. : — Fig., 
repel, save from (changing the 
point, of view) ; ratibus taedas ; 
-pestemfavert) . 

dependeo, no perf., no sup., -pen- 
dere, [de-pendeo], 2. v. n., hang 
down, hang from, hang on : lych- 
ni laquearibus ; ex umeris aniic- 
tus. 

depono, -posui, -positum, -po- 
nere, [de-pono], 3. v. a., put 
down, lay aside, lay down . arma 
umeris ; corpora sub ramis ; 
plantas sulcis {plant) ; hie ha 3- 
dos. — Esp. of a wager, put dow?i, 
put up stake (cf. " lay a wager") ; 
hanc vitulam. — Of the dead, lay 



out: depositus parens {doomed 
to die). — With idea of abandon- 
ment or relief, lay aside, get rid 
of, put off, abandon : . curam ; de- 
posita formido ; animos ; popu- 
lum {leave behind, of a colonvj. 

depositus, -a, -um, p.p. of depono. 

deprecor, -atus, -arl,[de-precor], 
I . v. dep., pray off (cf . " beg off ") : 
merui nee deprecor {pray not to 
escape my fate). 

deprehendo (-prendo), -prehen- 
di, -prehensum (-prensum), 
-prehendere, [de-prehendo], 3. 
v. a., overtake, catch, seize : na- 
mina deprensa silvis. — Fig., of 
danger or time : deprensi nautae 
(by a storm) ; deprensus mari 
(by a returning anniversary). 

deprensus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
prehendo, 

depressus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
primq. 

deprimo,-pressi 5 -pressum, -pri- 
mere, [de-primo], 3. v. a., press 
down. — depressus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., sunken, low, deep-set : con- 
valles ; aratrum. 

depr omo, -prompsi, -promptum, 
-promere, [de-promo], 3. v. a., 
serve out (cf. promo), draw out 
(for use) : tela pharetris. 

depulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of depello. 

Dercennus, -1, [?], m., an ancient 
Latin king. 

derigesco, -rigul, no sup., -riges- 
cere, [cle-rigesco] . 3. v. n., be- 
come stiff, become set: oculi {be 
fixed in a frightened stare) ; san- 
guis {freeze). 

deripio, -ripui, -reptum, -ripere, 
[de-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch off, 
snatch down, tear azuay, tear off : 
cola tscti3 {fetch quickly) ; fu- 
nem ; derepti cothurni. 

desaevio, -ii, no* sup., -ire, [de- 
saevio], 4. v. n., rage off or away, 
spend one's rage : pelago hiems. 

descendo, -scendl, -scensum, 
-scendere, [de-scando], 3. v. n., 
climb down, come down, go down, 



8o 



Vocabulary. 



descend, fall ; orni ; Iupiter im- 
bri. — Less exactly, sink in, pen- 
etrate : toto corpore pestis. — 
Esp., lower 07tes self, descend to, 
give way to : preces in bmnes. 

descensus, -us, [as if de-f scansus, 
cf. descendo], m., a going down, 
a descent. 

describo, -scrips!, -scrlptum, 
-scrlbere, [de-scribo], 3. v. a., 
mark off, write off, write down, 
draw, vi ap out, portray : in cor- 
tice carmina {carve) % orbem 
radio. 

deseco, -seeui, -sectiim, -secare, 
[de-seco], 1 . v. a., cut off, sever : 
collum. 

desectus, -a, -um, p.p. of deseco. 

desero, -serul, -sertum, -serere, 
[de-sero], 3. v. a., (as if" unjoin," 
cf. detego, . uncover), forsake, 
leave, abandon, quit, depart froin : 
ne umor deserat arenam {the 
sand lose its moisture) ; thalamos 
pactos ; Hesperus Oetam {leaves 
below)-, ardentem ensis {fails 
him); litora naves. — desertus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., abandoned, 
deserted, desolate, lonely, desert: 
culmina ; terrae. — Neut. plur., 
solitudes, wilderness, desert. 

desertor, -oris, [as if de-sertor, 
cf. desero], m., deserter, renegade. 

desidia, -ae, [fdesid + ia], f., in- 
activity, idleness, sloth. 

desldo, -sedl, 3. v. n., sink down. 

designo, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
signo], I. v. a., mark off, mark 
out .^ urbem aratro. 

desilio, -silul, -sultum, -silire, 
[de-salio], 4. v. n., leap down, 
jump down : ab equo {spring) . 

desino, -sivi (-sii), -situm, -si- 
nere, [de-sino], 3. v. a. and n. 
Act., leave off, cease, forbear : plura 
{forbear to say more).. — Neut., 
stop, close, end, cease : aetas * al- 
vus in Pristin {end in). 

desisto, -stitl, -stitum, -sistere, 
[de-sisto], 3. v. n., {stand off), 
leave off, cease, forbear, desist : 
incepto ; manum comniittere. 



desolatus, -a, -nm, p.p. of desolo. 

desolo, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
solo], 1. v. a., forsake, abandon, 
desert : desolati manipli. - — In a 
different sense of the primitive, 
lay waste, ravage ; agros. 

despecto, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[de-specto], 1. y. a., -look dowtz 
upon.- 1 - Fig., command{o{ a view) . 

despectus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
spicio. 

despicio, -spexl, -spectum, spi- 
cere, [de-fspeeio], 3. v. a., look 
down on : terras Iupiter. — Fig., 
as in English, despise, slight, disre- 
gard, scorn. . 

despumo, -avl, -atum, -are, [de- 
spuma, perh. through an adj.- 
stem],, 1. v. a., skim off. 

destillo, -a vi, -atum, -are, [de- 
stillo], 1. v. n., drip down, trickle, 
ooze. 

destino, -avi, -atum, -are, [de- 
stano, cf. dano], I. v. a., set 
fast. — Fig., establish, design, desr 
tine : me arae. 

destituo, -ui, -utum, -uere, [de- 
statuo], 3. v. a., {set off), leave, 
forsake, abandon. 

destruo, -uxi, -uctum, -uere, 
[de-struo], 3. v. a., (as if unbuild), 
tear down, demolish, destroy : 
moenia. 

desuesco, -suevi, -suetum, -su- 
escere,[de-suesco], 3.v.a.andn., 
disuse, lose a custom. — desuetus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., disused, un- 
used. — Less exactly, unused (of 
something never trie'd), unaccus- 
tomed. — Actively, zcnaccustomed 
(to anything) : corda. 

desuetus, -a, -um, p.p. of desu- 
esco. 

desum, -fill, -futurus, -esse, [de- 
sum], irr. v. n., be away, be absent, 
be wanting, fail* 

desuper [de-super], adv., from 
above. 

detectus, -a, -um, p.p. of detego. 

detego, -texi, -tectum, -tegere, 
[de-tego], 3. v. a., uncover, dis- 
close. 



Vocabulary. 



81 



deterior, -us, [fdetero- (comp. of 
de, cf. demum and inferior) + 
ior, comp. of f deterus], sup. de- 
terriinus, adj., worse, inferior, 
degenerate, weaker, vanquished. 

detexo, -texul, -textum, -texere, 
[de-texo], 3. v. a., weave off, 
weave up (out of the way) . 

detineo, -tinui, -tehtum, -tinere, 
[de-teneo], 2. v. a., hold, detain, 
cling to. 

detono, -tonui, no sup., -tonare, 
[de-tono], I. v. 11., thunder down. 

— Fig., rage out, spend its rage. 
detorqueo, -torsi, -tortum (-tor- 
sum), -torquere, [de-torqueo], 
2. v. a., turn off, turn aside, turn : 
cornua. — Fig., turn, divert: cur- 
sum. _ 

detraho, -traxi, - tract um, -tra- 
here, [de-traho], 3. v. a., drag 
off, drag away, dfaw off. — Less 
exactly, take aivay, steal. 

detrecto, -avl, -atum, -ane, [de- 
tracto], 1. v. a., {keep hands off), 
refuse, decline, spurn : iuga bos. 

detrudo, -trOsi, -trasum, -trti- 
derc, [de-trudo], 3. v. a., thrust 
off, thrust away, thrust down, force 
off shove off: naves scopulo ; 
host era e muro {dislodge). — Less 
exactly and fig., thrust down, force 
down, drive : finibus hostem ; 
sub Tartara hoc caput ; lovem 
regnis {drive oiii). 

de turbo, -avl, -atum, -are, [de- 
turbo], 1. v. a., hurl off, hurl 
down, drive off, drive out : prae- 
cipitem a puppi ; caput orantis 
{strike off). 

Deucalion, -onis, [Gr. Aey/mAiW], 
m., a son of Prometheus, king of 
Thessaly, the survivor with Pyrrha 
of the flood. 

deus, -I, [akin to Iovis, divus, and 
dies], m., a god, a deity. — Sing., 
collectively, the divinity, the Deity. 

— Without- distinction of sex, a 
deity (female), a goddess. — For 
Bacchus, i.e. wine. 

devectus, -a, -uni, p.p. of deveho. 
deveho, -vexi, -vectum, -vehere, 



[de-veho], 3. v. a., bear down, 
carry aivay,- bear, off : devecta 
sarmenta ; sylvam. 

devenio, -venl, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, [de-venio], 4. v. n., come 
down, descend. — Esp. (from the 
rising of the sea towards the hori- 
zon, arrive at, come to, land at. 

deverto, see diverto. 

devexus, -a, -urn, p.p. of deveho 
as adj., (cf. velior as dep.), de- 
scending, sloping, inclined, declin- 
ing, setting. 

devictus, -a, -um, p.p. of devinco. 

devincio, -vinxi, -vinctum, -vin- 
cire, [de-vincio], 4. v. a., bind 
down, bind fast. — Fig., fetter, hold 
boundj pater devinctus amore. 

devinco, -vici, -victum, -vin- 
cere, [de-vinco], 3. v. a., subdue, 
con -juer. — With cognate ace, win: 
bella {fight victoriously) . 

devinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- 
vincio. 

devolo, -avl, -atum, -are, [de- 
volo], 1. v. n.,fiy down. 

devolvo, -vorVi, -volutum, -vol- 
vere, [de-volvo], 3. v. a., roll 
down, roll -off, unroll : trabes ; 
fusis pensa {spinoff). 

devotus, -a, -um, p.p. of devoveo. 

devoveo, -vovi, -votum, -vovere, 
[de-voveo], 2. v. a., {vow away'), 
devote, doom: 

dexter, -tera, -terum, (-tra, 
-trum), [unc. stem (in S^ios) + . 
terus (comp. cf. 8e£jTepos)], adj., 
the right (opp. to laevus, left), 
the right hand, on the right side. 

— From the superior readiness of 
the right hand : skilful, dexterous. 

— From the custom of omens, pro- 
pitious, favorable. — Fern, as subst. 
(sc. manus), the right hand : data 
(given as a pledge). — Phrase : ab 
dexter a (dextra), dextra, on the 
rigid; auspicious. 

Diana, -ae, [perh. akin to Ianus], 
f., the goddess of the moon, sister 
of Apollo, identified with Flecate. 

die It us, -a, -um, p.p. of dico. 

dlcio (dit-), -onis, [f dico (reduced) 



82 



Vocabulary. 



+ io], f., command, sway, power, 
control, dominion. 

dico, -avi, -atum, -are, [lost noun- 
stem t^-ico- ( c f- maledicus)], 
I. v. a., devote, assign, dedicate. 

dico, tiixi, dictum, dicere, [ ^dic 
(strengthened), cf. deiKvv/uu, zeigen, 
token)], 3. v. a., speak, say, tell, 
command, sing, celebrate (in song 
or story), name, call. — Used of 
any form of utterance. — dictus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj.. ; see dictum. 

Dictaeus; -a, -um, [Gr. Alktcuos], 
adj., ofDicte (a mountain in Crete) . 

— Less exactly, Cretan, of Crete. 
dictamnus, -i, [Gr. SiKTajxvos], f., 

dittany (a plant growing on Mt. 
Dicte). 

dictum, -i, [n. p.p. of dico as 
subst.], n., a word, a saying, 
speech, command (cf. dico) : dicto 
parere ; citius dicto. 

dictus, -a, -um, p.p. of dico. 

dido, dididi, diditum, didere, 
[dis-do, put], 3. v. a., distribute, 
spread abroad, disseminate. 

Dido, -us (-onis), [a Carthaginian 
word], f., the founder of Carthage, 
the heroine of the /Eneid, called 
also Elissa. 

diduco, -duxi, -ductum, -ducere, 
[dis-duco], 3. v. a., draw apart, 
separate, divide, distract : terram 
ad capita {stir, in cultivation) ; 
urbes litore diductae {separated 
by a shore) . 

diductus, -a, -um, p.p. of diduco. 

Didymaon, -onis, [Gr. ALdv^aicav], 
m., a famous artist in metal. 

dies, -ei, [same root as deus, lovis, 
cf. Sk. div, divas], comm., a day, 
daylight, daytime. — Less exactly, 
time, lapse of time, proper time, 
fitting tinie, allotted time. 

differ o, distuli, dilatum, dif- 
ferre, [dis-fero], irr. v. a., bear 
apart, scatter : in diver sa quadri- 
gae {tear asunder, of Mettius) ; 
in versum ulmos {transplant). 

— Also, put off, protract, defer, de- 
lay : piacula in mortem. 

difficilis, -e, [dis-facilis], adj., not 



easy, difficult, hard: terrae (stub- 
born) ; obitus {painful, reluct- 
atit, from stubborn resistance to 
death); scopuli {dangerous). 

diifido, -fisus, -fidere, [dis- 
fido], 3. v. n., distrust, have no 
confidence in : armis. 

diffindo, -fidi, -fissum, -findere, 
[dis-findo], 3. v. a., cleave, split 
asunder. 

diffugio, -f ugi, no sup., -f ugere, 
[dis-fugio], 3. v. n., fly apart, 
scatter, disperse, Jlee (in different 
directions) . 

diffundo, -fiidi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [dis-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
away, scatter abroad. — Less ex- 
actly, of things not liquid, spread 
abroad, scatter : dederat comam 
diffundere ventis {had unbound 
'her hair the sport of the winds) ; 
equites ; haec in ora virum. 

diftusus, -a, -um, p.p. of dif- 
funfcio. 

digero, -gessi, -gestum, -gerere, 
[dis-gero], 3. v. a., carry apart, 
separate, distribute, arrange, dis- 
pose. — Less exactly, interpret, ex- 
plain : omina. 

digestus, -a, -um, p.p. of digero. 

digitus, -i, [ ?], m., a finger. — Also 
of the feet, a toe. 

dignatus, -a, -um, p.p. of dignor. 

dignor, -atus, -ari, [fdigno-], 
I. v. dep., deem worthy : me ho- 
.nore ; Teucros dominos (not dis- 
dain). — With an action as obj., 
deign, think fit : sternere. — dig- 
natus, -a, -um, p.p. in pass, sense, 
deemed worthy: coniugio Veneris. 

dignus, -a, -um, [prob. ^/dic -f 
nus], adj., {conspicuous?), worthy, 
deserving, suitable, fitting, fit, due : 
tu vitula ; cantari (a poetic con- 
struction, cf. next example) : cui 
pater haud Mezentius esset ; 
digna relatu ; dignum credere 
{deserving of belief) ; laudes {fit- 
ting) ; grates {sufficient) . 

digredior, -gressus, -gredi, [dis- 
gradior], 3. v. dep.," step aside, 
come i away, depart: e bello. 



Vocabulary. 



83 



digressus, -us, [as if dis-gressus, 
cf. digredior], m., a departure, 
a parting. 

digressus, -a, -um, p.p. of digre- 
dior. 

dllabor, -lapsus, -labi, [dis- 
labor], 3. v. dep., glide away: 
calor {leave the body). — Less ex- 
actly, dissolve away : cadavera 
tabo. 

dilapsus, -a, -um,p.p. of dllabor. 

dilectus, -a, -um, p.p. of diligo. 

diligo, -lexl, -lectum, -ligere, 
[dis-lego], 3. v. a., {choose out, cf. 
deligo), love, esteem. — dilectus, 
-a,' -um, p.p. as adj., loved, be- 
loved, dear. 

dlluo, -lul, -liitum, -luere, [dis- 
luo], 3. v. a., wash away, dissolve : 
labores bourn pluvia ; favos 
lacte {dilute). 

diluvium, -I (-ii), [as if dis-flu- 
vium, cf. diluo and eluvies], n., 
a deluge. — Less exactly, a destruc- 
tion, a devastation. 

dlmensus, -a, -um; p.p. of dime- 
tior. 

dimetior, -mensus, -metir.I, [dis- 
metior], 4. v. dep., measure out, 
measure off. 

dimitto, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [dis-mitto], 3. v. a., send 
away, let go, send forth, send off. 
— Less exactly and fig., dismiss, 
give up, cease, abandon : fugam 
{stay) . 

dimoveo, -movl, -motum, -mo- 
vere, [dis-moveo], 2. v. a., move 
aside, separate, cleave : polo um- 
bram (disperse) ; terrain {stir) . 

Dindyma, -orum, [Gr. AtvSiyxa], 
n., a mountain in Mysia sacred to 
Cybele. ^ 

dlnumero, -avi, -atum, -are, [dis- 
numero] , 1 . v. a., calculate, reckon, 
count tip. 

Diomedes, -ae, [Gr. Aw^^s], m., 
son of Tydeus, a famous Greek 
warrior at Troy. He afterwards 
founded Argyrippa. 

Dionaeus, -a, -um,[adj. fr. Dione], 
adj., of Dione (the mother of 



Venus), Dionaean : mater (i.e. 
Venus). 

Diores, -is, [?], m., a Trojan of the 
race of Priam. 

Dioxippus, -1, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Dirae, see dirus. 

Dircaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. AipKouos'], 
adj., of Dirce (a fountain near 
Thebes) . — Less exactly, Theban. 

dlrectus (de-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
dirigo. 

direptiis, -a, -um, p.p. of diripio. 

dirigeo, see better spelling derigeo. 

dirigo, (de-), -rexi, -rectum, -ri- 
gere, [dis-(de-?)-rego], 3. v. a., 
dispose i7i line, arrange. — Esp. of 
troops, &c, array, form: acies.— 
Less exactly, aim, turn, direct: 
tela ; volnera ; cursum. 

dlrimo, -emi, -emptum, -imere, 
[dis-emo, take~\, 3. v. a., take apart, 
separate, divide': plaga (separat- 
ing others by being between). — 
Esp. of strife or combatants, sepa- 
rate, decide, end : proelia; bellum. 

diripio, -ripui, -reptum, -ripere, 
[dis-rapio], 3. v. a., tear away, 
tear asunder, snatch apart : dex- 
tram ense {strike off). — Esp. of 
booty, plunder, rifle, ravage, spoil: 
dapes (of the Harpies) ; focos. 

diruo, -rui, -rutum, -ruere, [dis- 
ruo], 3. v. a., overthrow. 

dirus, -a, -um, [V^ (cf. 5ei8a>, 
fear) + rus (cf. heiv6s)~\, adj., 
dread, awful, horrible, frightftil, 
ill-omened, ominous. — Fern., esp. 
plur., a Fury, the Furies. 

dirutus, -a, -um, p.p. of diruo. 

Dis, Ditis, [akin to dives], m., the 
god of the lower world, Pluto. 

dis- [akin to duo], insep. adv. ex- 
pressing separation, distribution, 
opposition and negation, cf. dis- 
cedo, diligo, diripio, digero, 
dispono, disiungo, diffido, 
difficilis. 

discedo,*-cessi, -cessum, -cedere, 
[dis-cedo], 3. v. n., go apart, go 
away, withdrazv : bello {aban- 
don) ; caelum {be rent asunde?-) ; 
scena {open). 



8 4 



Vocabulary. 



discerno, -crevi, -cretum, -cer- 
nere, [dis-cerno], 3. v. a., sepa- 
rate, divide. — Y'vg., decide, deter- 
mine, distinguish, descry, perceive : 
litem {settle). 

discerpo, -cerpsi, -cerptum,-cer- 
pere, [dis-carpo], 3. v. a., pluck 
apart, tear away, tear off, rend 
asunder. — Less exactly, scatter, 
disperse. 

discerptus, -a, -um," p.p. of dis- 
cerpo. 

discessus, -us, [as if dis-fcessu§, 
cf. discedo], m., a departure, a 
parting. 

discinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
cingCK 

discindo, -scidi, -scissum, -scin- 
dere, [dis-scindo], 3. v. a., -tear 
apart, rend asunder.— discissus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., torn, man- 
gled. % 

discingo, -cinxl, -einctum, -cin- 
gere, [dis-cingo], 3. v. a., ungird 
(cf. disiungo) . — '■ discinctus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., loosely clad, 
unbelted. 

discissus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
cindcK 

discludo, -clusi, -clusum, -clu- 
dere, [dis-claudo], 3. v. a., un- 
close (cf. disiungo), open. — In 
another sense of dis, shut apart 
(cf. dido),- confine. 

disco, didicl, no sup.; disc ere, 
[^/die + sco], 3. v. a., learn, find 
out, come to know. — With inf., 
learn how : currere. 

discolor, -oris, [dis-color, decl. as 
adj.], adj., of different color or col- 
ors, variegated : aura auri {of 
different color from the rest.) 

discordia, -ae, [f discord + ia], f., 
disagreement, discordance, discord. 
— Personified, Discord. 

discors, -cordis, [dis-fcord, decl. 
as adj.], adj., {with mind apart, 
inharmonious, , discordant, con- 
tending, hostile : arma ; animi ; 
venti {warring). — Less exactly, 
differing, varying, discordant : 
ora sono. . 



discrepo, -pui, no sup., -crepare, 
[dis-crepo], 1. v. n., sound out of 
tune, jar. — Less exactly, differ : 
aetas. 

discrlmen, -inis, [as if dis-erimen, 
cf. discerno], n., a separation, a 
distinction : nullo {with no dis- 
tinction) ; quo ; nullo discrimine 
habebo {treat as of 710 account) . 
— More concretely, a separation, 
a divisio?t, an interval : dedit 
vobis Pallas {make a distinction 
or difference) ; una anima dabit 

- tanta {make so much difference, 
be of so much importance) ; vocum 
septem {notes of the scale) ; aequo 
{inte?'val) ; parvo (tenui) leti 
{slight separatio7i 9 narrow escape 
from death) ; qua spina dedit 
costis {intervals between). — Also, 
(cf. discerno), a decision, a turn- 
ing-point, a crisis, peril, hazard? 
rerum {crises of fate) ; tanto 
(tali) {stick a crisis). 

discrimino, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fdiscrimin-], 1. v. a., distinguish, 
divide : via agros {mark out with 
torches)^ 

discumbo, -cubuf, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [dis-cumbo], 3. v. n., 
{lie apart), recline (in place, cf. 
dispono) ; super ostro {take 
their places). 

discurro, -cucurri (-curri), -cur- 
sum, -currere, [dis-curro], 3. v. 
n ; , run apart, rush apart, sepa- 
rate, divide. — As in .dispono, 
rush to one' 's place, hasten to (sev- 
erally) ; discurritur in muros. 

discussus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
cutio. 

discutio, -cussi, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [dis-quatio] , 3. v. a., {strike 
apart), strike off. — Fig., dispel, 
dissipate: umbras. 

dlsicio, (disii-), -iecl, -iectum, 
-Icerc, [dis-iacio], 3. v. a., {throw 
apart or aside), scatter, disperse, 
strew far and wide; overthrow (by 
scattering the pieces), demolish, 
shatter, cleave : montes ; rates ; 
pacem {destroy). — disiectus, 



Vccabulaiy. 



85 



-a, -urn, p.p. as adj., scattered, dis- 
ordered, broken, routed. 

disiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of disicio. 

disiieio, see disicio. 

disiungo, -iunxl, -iunctum, -iun- 
gere, [dis-hmgo], 3. v. a., disjoin 
(cf. diseludo), separate: Italis 
oris (drive from). 

dispar, -aris, [dis-par], adj., tin- 
like (cf. difficilis), unequal. 

dispello, -pull, -pulsum, -pel- 
lere, [dis-pello], 3. v. a., drive 
apart 'force asunder. — Fig., dissi- 
pate, dispel, scatter : umbras Som- 
nos (cleave by passing through). 

dispendium, -1 (-11), [dis-fpen- 
dium, cf. compendium], n., (a 
paying out, cf. pendo), expense, 
loss. 

disperdo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, 
[dis-perdo], 3. v. a., utterly de- 
stroy /carmen (murder, ??iangle). 

dispergo, -spersi, -spersum, 
-spergere, [dis-spargo], 3. v. a., 
scatter, spread abroad, disperse : 
vitam in auras (breat/ie forth) . 

dispersus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
pergo. 

dispicio, -spexl, -spectum, -spi- 
cere, [dis-fspecio], 3. v. a., see 
throughj 

displiceo, -plicui, -plicitum, -pli- 
cere, [dis-placeo], 2. v. n., dis- 
please (cf. diffido) : mini equus 
(/ disapprove the horse) . 

dispono, -posul, -positum, -po- 
nere, [dis-pono], 3. v. a., (set 
apart), arrange (cf. digero), set 
in order. 

dissensus, -us, [as if dis-sensus, 
cf. dissentio], m., dissent, dissen- 
sion, variance. 

dissideo, -sedi, -sessum, -sidere, 
[dis-sedeo], 2. v. n., (sit apart), 
be apart : nostris sceptris terra 
(not be ruled by) . 

dissilio, -silul, no sup., -sillre, 
[dis-salio], 4. v. n., spring apart, 
burst asunder, split in pieces. 

dissimilis, -e, [dis-similis], adj., 
unlike (cf. difficilis), inferior to. 

dissimulo, -avi, -atum, -are, 



[fdissimili- (cf. simulo and si- 
mul)], I. v. a., pretend not, dis- 
semble, conceal, remain hid: 

dissulto, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[as if dis-salto, cf. dissilio], 
I. v. n., spring apart, spring aside, 
burst forth : fulmine crepitus. 

distendo, -tendl, -tentum (-ten- 
sum), -tendere, [dis-tendo], 
3. v. a., stretch apart, distend. — 
Less ejcactlv, swell, fatten. 

distento, -avl, -atum, -are, [dis- 
tento], I. v. a., stretch out, distend, 
extend. 

distentus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
tendo. 

distillo, see destillo. 

distlneo, -tinui, -tentum, -tinere, 
[dis-teneo], 2. v. a., hold off,, keep 

disto, no perf., no sup., distare, 
[dis-sto], I. v. n., stand off. — 
Less exactly, be dista?tt, be far 
away. 

distractus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
traho^ 

distraho, -traxl, -tractum, [dis- 
traho], 3. v. a., pull apart, rend 
asunder. 

districtus, -a, -um, p.p. of dis- 
tringo^ 

distringo, -strinxi, -strictum, 
stringere, [dis-stringo], 3. v. a., 
bind apart, stretch a?td bind. 

ditio, -onis ; see dicio, the proper 
spelling. 

ditissimus, -a, -um; see dives. 

diu [abl. of stem akin to dies, cf. 
noctu], adv., lo?ig, a long lime. 

diurnus, -a, -um, [fdius- (akin to 
dies) + nus] , adj ., of the day, daily. 

dius, -a, -um, [akin to divus (perh. 
same word) arid deus], adj., di- 
vine, godlike. — Neut., the sky, the 
open-air (cf. sub love). 

divello, -velli, -volsum (-vul- 

* sum), -vellere, [dis-vello], 3. 
v. a., tear asunder, tear apart, 
tear a? a ay. 

diverbero, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[dis-verbero], 1. v. a., (strike 
apart), cleave, cut asunder, 



86 



Vocabulary. 



diversus (-vorsus), -a, -urn, p.p. 
of diyerto. 

diverto (-vorto), -verti, -ver- 
sum (-vorsum), -vertere, [dis- 
verto], 3. v. a. and n. r turn aside. 
— Pass., turji aside (mtr.). — 
diversus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
in different direction or directions y 
apart, separate, azvay. — Less ex- 
actly, remote, far off, different, va- 
rious, other : ramus {peculiar); 
luctus (different forms of) . — 
Phrase : ex diverso, from differ- 
ent directions.— Neut., different 
pa rts, dista nt pi a ces, differ en t di- 
rectioiis. 

dives, divitis, [?], adj., rich, 
abounding in, wealthy. — Poeti- 
cally, fertile : ager. — Collateral 
form, dls, ditis (dltior, ditlssi- 
mus) . 

divido, -vlsi, -visum, -videre, 
[dis-fvido (separate, cf. viduus)], 
3. v. a., part, separate, divide, cut 
through : animum {turn in dif- 
ferent directions'); muros .{make 
a breach i?t). 

dlvinitus [fdivino + tus], adv., 
from heaven, providentially, di- 
vinely. 

dlvlnus, -a, -um, [fdivo- (re- 
duced) +mus), adj., of a god, 
heavenly. — Less exactly, prophet- 
ic, sacred, holy, religious, godlike, 
superhu??ian, divine : mens ; Al- 
cimedon ; res ; lacus ; poeta ; os. 

divlsus, -a, -um, p.p. of divido. 

divitiae, -arum, [f divit + ia], f. 
plur., riches, wealth. 

dlvortium, -1 (-ii), [as if dis-vor- 
tium ( f vorto + ium, n. of ius), 
but cf. diverto], n., a turni?ig 
aside. — Concretely, a parting way, 
cross-roads, corners^ 

divus, -a, -um, [y^iv (strength- 
ened) -f us], adj., divine, godlike, 
heavenly. — Masc, a god. — Fern., 
a goddess. 

do, dedi, datum, dare, [vda, 
give, and y'dha, place, confounded, 
cf. diSco/uLi and ridrumi], t l. v. a., 
give (in all senses, mixed with idea 



of putting forth), offer, present, be- 
stow, grant, concede, permit, allow, 
afford, yield, supply : aprum dari 
optat; fortuua dabatur; terga 
{turn)-, sceptra (give away); 
animam (give up); finis dabi- 
tur ; manibus dant fontes ger- 
manae; sacra deosque(^//^';:/; ; 
' fata cursum (ordain); millia 
leto (consign) ; ulmos igni (com- 
7?iit) . — Esp. of utterance, say, 
tell, utter (cf. aceipe, hear) : 
da Tityre nobis ; dicta ; ulula- 
tus (cf. sonitum, below). — 
With reflexive, or corpora, or 
the like, throzu one's self, consign 
one's self, spring: saltu sese in 
fluvium ; sese in acies \ corpora 
ignibus. — In special phrases : 
poenas, suffer, cf. solvo, pendo 
(punishment being regarded by 
the ancients as a penalty paid) ; 
iura (leges), adtninisfer (cf. ri- 
Qrifjii) . — Esp. of marriage, marry 
(a woman to a man), give (in mar- 
riage) . — Perhaps more closely 
connected with y'dha, appoi7tt> 
ordai7i : dies; natura modos. — 
Less exactly (perhaps from influ- 
ence of ydha, cf. edo), cause y 
give forth, display, 77iake,. form, 
produce, bri7ig forth, oftener with 
nouns as periphrasis for verb) : 
placata venti maria; prolem 
(give birth to); tabulata iunc- 
turas (offer, afford)-, funera 
(spread havoc) ; sonitum ; nido- 
rem (give out) ; cuneum (form) ; 
discrimina costis (leave) ; dis- 
crimina vobis ; spatium (leave) ; 
stragis acervos (pile) ; color es 
(display) ; multa melius se (suc- 
ceed, prosper) ; amplexus (em- 
brace) ; cantum (si7ig) . — With 
participle or adj . as periphrasis for 
a verb (cf. reddo, facio), cause 
to be, make : haec vasta (lay 
waste) ; te defensum (secure your 
defe7ice) . 
doceS, docui, doctum, docere, 
[akin to SiSaovcw and perh. dico], 
2. v. a., show, teach, tell, explain, 



Vocabulary. 



$7 



inform, recount. — doctus, -a,- 
-um, p.p. as adj., skilled, skilful, 
experienced. 

doctissimus, -a, -um, superl. of 
doctus. 

doctus, -a, -um, p.p. of doceo. 

Dodona, -ae, [Gr. a«5<£j/tj], f., a 
city of Epirus, famous for its ora- 
cle of Jupiter in an oak grove. — 
Less exactly, the grove. 

Dodonaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Aa>5a>- 
va2os\, adj., of Dodona. 

doleo, -lui, -litum, -lere, [ ?, perh. 
akin to dolus and dolo], 2. v. n. 
and a., feel pain, suffer. — Esp. in 
mind, grieve, grieve for, be sorry, 
sorrow, be pained. 

Dolichaon, -onis, [Gr. AoXixdoov^ , 
m., a Trojan, father of Hebrus. 

dolo, -onis, [Gr. 5oA«j/], m., a pike. 

Dolon, -onis, [Gr. AoAco^], m., a 
spy of the Trojans at the siege of 
Troy. 

Dolopes, -um, [Gr. AoAo7res], m. 
plur., a people of Thessaly. 

dolor, -oris, [ y/dol (as root of 
doleo) + or], m., a pain, a pang, 

- suffering, sorrow, grief, resent- 
j?ient, indignation. — Concretely, 
a grief , a cause of woe. 

dolus, -I, [?, perh. akin to doleo, 
a sharp stroke (?)], m., a strata- 
gem, a wile, deception, deceit, 
treachery (esp. in plur.). 

domina, -ae, [f. of dominus], f., 
a mistress, a lady, a queen. 

dominatus, -a, -um, p.p. of do- 
minor. 

dominor, -atus, -arl, [f domino-], 
I. v. dep., lord it over, rule, gov- 
em, gain the mastery. 

dominus, -i, [tdoind, (cf. -da/j.os 
and domo) + nus], m., a lord, a 
ruler, a master. — In accordance 
with ancient marriage relations, a 
husband. 

domito, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fdomito-], i. v. a., tame, break in. 

domitor, -oris, [fdomi- (weaker 
stem of domo) + tor], m., a 
tamer, a subduer : msbris{queller) . 

domitrlx, -icis, [as if fdomi- (cf. 



domitor) + trix], f., a tamer 
(female) . 

domitus, -a, -um, p.p. of domo. 

domo, -ill, -itum, -are, [fdomo 
(cf. -5a/xos and dominus ( ^/dom, 
tame)~\, I. v. a., ta?ne, quell, sub- 
. due, vanquish, conquer, master : 
Centauros ieto ; fera corda. — 
Less exactly, of wild nature, sub- 
due, master : terram rastris ; 
ulmus domatur {the stubborn elm 
is bent) ; a,vhores{domesticate) . — ■ 
Fig., overpower, overcome, crush, 
break the spirit, oppress : ilium 
cur a. 

domus, -us or -I, [^/dom (cf. %4- 
ixw) + us (u) or us (o)], f., a 
building (usually for habitation), 
a house, a dwelling, a home, a hab- 
itation, home. — Less exactly, a 
palace, a workshop, any building 
or structure :. Vulcani (i.e. /Etna) . 
— Fig., as m English, a house, a 
family, a race, a lineage. — domi 
(old loc), at home ; domo, from 
home ; domum, home. 

donarium, -I (-ii), [fdond- (re- 
duced) + arium (n. of arius)], 
n.,{a depository for gifts), a temple. 

donatus, -a, -um, p.p. of dono. 

donee [mutilated case-form of fdo- 
niens, perh. akin to denique, 
pron. ■ x /da,'], adv., until, till, so 
long as, while. 

dono, -avi, -atum, -are, [f dono-], 
I. v. a., give, present (with ace. and 
dat., something to somebody). — 
From another point of view, pre- 
sent, endow, reward (with ace. and 
abl., somebody with something): te 
cicuta ; donati omnes ; donatus 
{honored with a present). 

donum, -I, [^/da-f num. (n. of 
nus)], n., a gift, a present, a re- 
ward: noetis {cover). 

Donusa, -ae, [Gr. Aovvari], f., a 
small island in the ^Egean, famous 
for its green marble. 

Doricus, -a, -um, [Gr. AwpiKSs, 
adj. fr. Aojpos], adj., of the Dorians 
(a division of the Greeks). — Less 
exactly, of the Greeks, Grecian. 



88 



Vocabulary, 



Doris, -idis, [Gr. Awpls], f., a 
daughter of Oceanus, a sea-nymph, 
wife of Nereus. — Also, the sea 
(cf. Bacchus, wine). 

dormio, -ivl(-ii), -itum, -ire, [?], 
4. v.- n., sleep. 

dorsum, -1, [?], n., a back (of men 
or animals) . — Less exactly, a 
ridge, a reef, the top (of a wave), 
the side (of a plough), the roof (pi 
a cave). 

Doryclus, -1, [Gr. Aopv/cAos], m., 
the husband of Beroe, once in the 
Trojan expedition. 

dos, dotis, [ ^da + tis (reduced)], 
f., (a giving or gift), a marriage- 
portion, a dowry. 

dotalis, -e, [fdoti- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., of a marriage-portion : 
Tyrii (as a dowry). 

doto, -avl, -atum, -are, [fdoti- 
(as if doto-)], 1. v. a., endow, por- 
tion, dower. 

Doto, -lis, [Gr. Acorc6], f., a Nereid 
or sea-nymph. 

draco, -onis, [Gr. SpaKoov'], m., a 
serpent, a dragon, the Dragon. 

Drances, -is, (voc. Drance), m., 
a Latin, hostile to Turnus. 

Drepanum, -1, [Gr. dpeiravov, from 
its shape], n., a town on the west 
coast of Sicily (now Trapani). 

Drusus, -1, [perh. a Gallic word], 
m., a family name in the gens 
Livia and gens Claudia. — Esp., 
Marcus Livius Drusus, tribune 
91 B.C., and Tiberius Drusus Nero, 
a stepson of Augustus. 

Dryas, -adis, [Gr. Apvas], f., a 
wood-nymph, a dryad. 

Drymo, -us, [Gr. Apvjj.w], f., a sea- 
nymph. 

Dryope, -es, [Gp. Apv<fonj], f.-, a 
nymph, mother of Tarquitus. 

Dryopes, -ae, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. 

dubito, -avl, -atum, -are, [fdu- 
bito (stem of p.p. of lost verb 
fdubo (?), cf. dubius)], 1. v. n. 
and a., doubt, waver, question. — 
With or without inf., hesitate : pos- 
cere ; quid dubitas ? — dubi- 
taiidus, -a, -urn, ger. participle 



as adj., to be doubted, questionable, 
doubtful. 

dubius, -a, -urn, [fdubo- (reduced) 
+ ius], adj., doubtful, wavering, 
in doubt, uncertain. — Both of 
persons in doubt and things not 
clear : res (critical) ; caelum 
(tincertain weather). 

duco, duxl, ductum, ducere, 
[y'duc (strengthened, cf. re- 



dux)], 



Of living things, 



guide, lead, conduct, escort, draw, 
entice : te in secreta ; equas 
amor trans Gargara ; equum 
(bring) ; ductus cornu hircus ; 
ducenteDeo (tmder the guidance 
of). — Esp. of command or pre- 
cedence, lead, command, conduct, 
escort : aciem ; turmas ; sacra ; 
orgia ; funera ; triumphos ; 
captam Iarbas (lead captive) ; 
examina reg:es. — Of marriage : 
tibi ducitur uxor ; ducenda 
datur Lavinia (in marriage). — 
Fig., of a path, lead, conduct : quo 
via ducit. — Of stars, bring in, 
usher in, lead on : astra noctem ; 
Lucifer diem ; annum. — Of 
things, drazv (lit. and fig.) : cri- 
men sidera ; facem stella ; di- 
versa bracchia ; ducantur ro- 
tae ; ducto mucrone ; gemitus ; 
pectora per augurium (lead) ; 
muros (extend) ; iuga (bear.) — 
Esp. of lots, draw, select (by lot) : 
ductis sortibus; ductus sorte 
sacerdos, exsortem honorem 
(take) . — Of artistic work, bring 
forth, draw, fashion : ocreas ar- 
gento ; effigiem ; vivos vultus. 

— Of race or line of descent, 
&c, derive, draw: genus; pro- 
geniem; ducta series (descend- 
ing, coming down) ; nomen (take). 

— Of time and condition, lead, 
pass : vitam (drag out) ; somnos 

(enjoy); bellum (carry on). — 
Also, prolong, delay, draw out : 
noctem ; amores ; voces. — From 
mercantile use, reckon, consider, 
think, deem : ducebam sic ani- 
mo ; me crimine dignum. 



Vocabulary. 



8 9 



duetor, -oris, [^/duc (as if root 
of duco) + tor], m., a leader, a 
guide, a commander, a captain. 

ductus, -a, -um, p.p. of duco. 

dudum [diu-dum], adv., a while 

. ago, just now, a long ti?ne ago, 
long ago. 

dulcedo, -inis, [fdulce- (cf. dul- 
cesco) + do (cf . dulcis) ] , f ., sweet- 
ness. — Tig., pleasure, delight (prop- 
erly, pleasantness, cause of pleas- 
ure) : nescio qua laeti. 

dulcis, -e, [?], adj. Of taste and 
smell, sweet, fragrant. — Of water 
(as opposed to amarus, bitter), 
fresh. — Transferred, sweet, pleas- 
ant, grateful, delightful, charm- 

. ing, dear, much prized, much 
loved. — Neut., a boon, a blessing, 
a joy. 

Dulichium, -I (-ii), [Gr. Aov\i- 
X L0 ' v ~\i n -j an island near Ithaca, 
and often confounded with it. 

Dulichius, -a, -um, [prop. adj. of 
wh. Dulichium is n., but used as 
adj. from it], adj. {of 'Dulichium). 

— Less exactly, of Ulysses. 
dum [pron. -^da, prob. ace, cf. turn, 

• num, cum], conj., (prop., that 
time), while, so Hong as, until: 
dum imitatur {as' he was, &c). 

— In a logical sense, with or with- 
out modo (cf. " so long as "), 
provided. — With negatives, yet : 
nondum ; nee dum. 

dumetum, -i, [f dumo + etum, as 
if fdume (stem of fdumeo from 
dumus) + turn (n. of tus)], n., 
a brake, a bramble thicket. 

dumosus, -a, -um, [fdumo (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., brushy, 
brambly, bush-covered, briery. 
x dumus, -i, [ ^/dus (?) + mus], m., 
a bush, a briar, a bramble bush. 

duo, duae, duo, [cf. Gr. dvco, Sk. 
dva, Eng. M two "], num. adj., two. 

duodeni, -ae, -a, [duo-deni], distr. 
num., twelve each. — Less exactly, 
twelve. 

duplex, -icis, [duo-fplex, (y'plic 
as stem)], adj., twofold, double: 
palmae {both)\ parentes {two); 



amictus (cf. the Gr. SnrKoiSiov, a 
long robe doubled down at the top) . 
duplicatus, -a, -um, p.p. of du- 
plicoj 

duplieo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fdu- 
plic-], I. v. a., double up, double : 
duplicato poplite {bent); hasta 
virum {bend double) . — Also, re- 
double (cf. gemino) ; sol umbras 
{add another length to) ; vota. 

duresco, -111, no sup., -escere, 
[fdure (stem of fdureo, from 
durus) + seo], 2. v. n. incep., 
grow hard, harden. 

duro, -avi, -atum, -are,*[fduro-], 
I. v. a. and n. Act., harden, 
toughen : natos gelu ; umeros 
ad vulnera. — Neut., harden : 
solum. — Also, {harden one's self), 
endure, persevere, hold out: du- 
rando saecula vincit {in endur- 
ance). — With a kind of cog. ace, 
endure, sustain : quemvis la- 
borem. 

durus, -a, -um, [unc. root + 
rus (?)], adj., hard (to the touch), 
unyielding, stiff, rigid, stubborn, 
tough, rough : cestus ; dura quies 
et ferreus somntts. — Of other 
senses, harsh, rough : saporem 
Bacchi ; hiems. — Of persons, 
hardened, hardy : agrestes. — To 
the feelings, harsh, hard, grievous, 
severe, cruel, difficult, toilsome : 
casus ; vada saxis (cf. first di- 
vision) ; mors ; labor ; curae ; 
dolores {bitter) ; iter ; volnus. 

— Also, fig., of persons, and things 
belonging to persons, harsh, cruel, 

fierce, savage, unfeeling : Scipi- 
ad.es; Mars {cruel war); prae- 
lia (cf. preceding division) ; amor ; 
regna ; certamen ; vis ; aures. 

— Neut. plur., hardships. 

■ dux, ducis,[^/ducasstem], comm., 
a guide, a leader, a conductor, a 
driver (of a chariot). — Esp. of 
command (cf. duco), a chief, a 
leader, a pilot, a king, a master. 
Dymas, -antis, [Gr. Avfias~}, m. : 
1 . The father of Hecuba ; 2. A 
Trojan warrior. 



go 



Vocabulary. 



E. 



e, see ex. 

ebenus, -I, f., (-urn, n.), [Gr. 
e/3e*/os], the ebony tree, ebony. 

ebulum, -I, [?], n., dwarf elder 
(Sambucus ebulus). 

ebur, -oris, [?], n., ivory. — Less 
exactly, a pipe (made of ivory). 

eburnus, -a, -urn, [ebor -f nus], 
adj., of ivory, ivory. — Less ex- 
actly, ivory-kilted : ensis. 

Ebusus, -I, [?], m., an Etruscan. 

ecce [en-ce, cf. en and hie], interj., 
lo, see, behold. — Often of an unex- 
pected occurrence, lo, suddenly* 

ecfatus, ecfor, ecfero, etc. ; see 
eff-. 

Echlonius, -a, -um, [Gr. fEx<o- 
vios\ adj., of Echion (who assisted 
Amphion in building Thebes). — 
Less exactly, Theban. 

ecloga, -ae, [Gr. €K\oyf}], f., (a 
selection), an Eclogue (name given 
to Virgil's Bucolic poetry). 

ecquis(-qui), -qua, -quid (-quod), 
[en-quis], pron. indef. interrog., 
(whether) any? does (is) any? 
&c. — Usually implying some emo- 
tion, as eagerness, impatience, sur- 
prise, or despair : ecquis erit 
"modus (will there ever be an 
end?) ; eequa puero est cura 
(has the boy, tell me, any thought ?) ; 
ecquid in virtutem excitat Hec- 
tor (pray, does Hector excite him 
at all?). 

edax, -acis [^/ed-f- ax, as if feda 
-f cus (reduced) j, adj., voracious. 
— Fig., devouring, gnawing, con- 
suming, toasting v ignis; curae. 

edlco, -dlxl, -dictum, -dicere, 
[ex-dico], 3. v. a., (say publicly, 
publish), properly of official an- 
nouncement, order, ordain, pro- 
claim, charge, command, bid: oves 
carpere ; sociis arma capessant. 

edisco, -didici, no sup., -discere, 
[ex-disco], 3. v. a., learn off, learn 
by heart, commit to memory. 

edissero, -serui, -sertum, -se- 
rere, [ex-dissero], 3. v. a., set 



forth in discourse, declare, explain, 
relate. 

editus, -a, -um, p.p. of edo. 

edo, edl, esum, edere (esse), 
[^/ed], 3. v. a., eat. — Fig., con- 
sume, devour, waste : edendi- pe- 
nuria (want of food); flamma 
medullas ; vapor carinas ; te 
dolor. 

edo, edidf, editum, edere, [ex- 
do, give and put'], 3. v. a., put 
forth, give forth. — Esp. of speech, 
utter, set forth, speak. — » Also of 
generation, beget, bring forth. — 
Fig., produce, cause, make : fu- 
nera (make havoc). — editus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., raised, ele- 
vated, high : editus Austro (ex- 
posed to) . 

edoceo, -docul, -doctum, -do- 
cere, [ex-doceo], 2. v. a., show 
forth, declare, inform (one) of (a 
thing, ace). 

Edonus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'HSauxfe], 
adj.,. of the Edoni (a people of 
Thrace). — Less exactly, Thra- 
cian: Boreae (as coming from 
the jiorth). 

educo, -avi, -atum, -are, [prob. 
feduco- or feduc- (cf. redux)], 
I. v. a., bring up, rear, nurture. 

educo, -duxi, -ductum, -ducere, 
[ex-duco], 3. v. a., lead forth, 
draw forth: adultos fetus (apes). 
— Less exactly, raise up, build 
high : turrim eductam. — Of a 
mother, bring forth, bear. • — Also, 
nurture, rear, bring up. — * Of 
ductile metals (cf. duco), forge, 
work ; moenia educta caminis. 

eductus, -a, -um, p.p. of educo. . 

edurus, -a, -um, [ex-durus], adj., 
very hard, very tough. 

effatus (ecf-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
effor. 

effectus, -a, -um, p.p. of efficio. 

effero, extuli, elatum, efferre, 
[ex-fero], irr. v. a., bring forth, 
carry out, bear away : quos ex 
ignibus (rescue) ; ensem (draw) ; 



Vocabulary. 



91 



pedem {go forth) . — With re- 
flexive, come forth (go forth). 

— Of height (cf. edo, escendo), 
raise, lift up, lift: caput; brac- 
chia ad auras ; oculos ad sidera ; 
tellus elata mari ; elatis naribus 
(tossed high) ; mollibus undis 
(bear up, of the Tiber) . — With 
reflexive, arise (cf. next division). 

— Less exactly, put forth, shoiv 
forth, display : puppis flammas ; 
aurora diem; ortus Titan; ab 
arce signum. — W 7 ith reflexive 
or in passive, be puffed up, be 
proud: elate (proud boaster !). 

efferus, -a, -mn, [ex-ferus], adj., 
wild, savage, barbarous. 

effervo, no perf., no sup., -fervere, 
[ex-fervo], 3. v. n., boil over. — 
Fig., of things not liquid, rush 
forth, swarm forth, burst forth. 

effetus, -a, -um, [ex-fetus, p.p. of 
feo], adj., worn out (by bearing), 
barren, exhausted ': seneetus veri 
(incapable of). 

efficio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 
[ex-facio], 3. v. a., make out, 
form, make, produce, accomplish, 
achieve : maxima res effecta ; 
ne lacessas (stop you from chal- 
lenging). 

effigies, .-ei, [ex-ffigies (V n & + 
ies, cf. series and illuvies)], f., 
an image, a likeness, a resemblance, 
a copy. 

effingo, -finxi, -fie turn, -fingere, 
" [ex-fingo], 3. v. a., form, mould, 
fashion. — More generally, repre- 
sent, imitate. 

efflagito, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
flagito], 1. v. a., demand urgent- 
ly, call violently. 

efflo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex-no], 
I. v. n., blow forth, breathe out, 
breathe (out). 

effodio, -fodi, -fossum, -fodere, 
[ex-fodio], 3. v. a., dig out, dig 
up: signum. — From the result 
(as in English), make (by digging), 
dig: sepulchra. — Less exactly, 
tear out, dig out : lumen (bored 
out, of the Cyclops 1 eye) . 



efFoetus, see effetus. 

teffor, -atus, -arl, [ex-ffor], i.v. 
dep., speak out, say, tell, relate, 
disclose, divulge: O virgo effare 
(say); tantum effatus. 

effbssus, -a, -um, p.p. of effo- 
dio. 

effractus, -a, -um,p.p. of effringo. 

effrenus, -a, -um, [ex-ffreno, 
(infl. as adj.)], adj., (without a 
bridle), unbridled, unbroken, un- 
tamed, savage. 

effringo, -f regi, -fractum, -f rin- 
gere, [ex-frango], 3. v. a., break 
out, dash out. 

effugio, -ffigi, no sup., -fugere, 
fex-fugio], 3. v. n. and a., flee 
azvay, escape, get off, fly from, speed 
azvay. 

effugium, -1 (-il), [ex-ffugium 
(cf. confugium and effugio)], 
n., an escape, a flight. 

f effulcio, effultus, only in p.p. ; 
se* effultus. 

effulgeo, -f ulsl, no sup., -f ulgere, 
[ex-fulgeo], 2. v. n., shine forth, 
gleam, glitter. (Also, -ere, 3.) 

effultus, -a, -um, [ex-fultus], p.p. 
of effulcio, propped up, resting 
on, lying on. 

effundo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
' dere, [ex-fundo], 3. v. a. and n., 
pour out, pour forth, shed, breathe 
out: halitus; netus ; voces; 
vitam (breathe out, prop, shed life- 
blood); animam (sacrifice) ; nos 
lacrimis (dissolve in tears) ; ef- 
fusi imbres (drenching rain) ; 
effusae \3iCYjm.3Le('floods of tears). 
— Less exactly, scatter, overthrozv, 
fling : habenas (let loose) ; cri- 
nes (dishevel); iubam (toss) ; 
omne genus telorum (let fly, dis- 
charge) ; effusus eques (thrown 
off); effusus labor (wasted)-, 
vires (waste) ; effunde ( Aenean) 
sub altis portis (overzvhelm) . — 
With reflexive (sometimes with- 
out) or in pass., rush headlong, 
pour forth, rush out : se quad- 
rigae ; matres effusae. 

effusus, -a, -um, p.p. of effundo. 



92 



Vocabulary. 



egelidus, -a, -um, [ex-gelidus], 

adj., very cold (J}, chill. — Also, 
somewhat cool (a doubtful word, 
occurring once only in Virgil, some- 
times read ec gelido). 

egenus, -a, -um, [ege- (stem of 
egeo) + ims] , adj., needy, desti- 
tute: res (humbled, straitened). 

egeo, egul, no sup., egere, [?], 

2. v. n., be in need, "want, be desti- 
tute. — Less exactly, require., feel 
the need of: laudis ; radicis. — 
egens, -entis, p. as adj., poor, 
needy, destitute ; caring for. 

Egeria, -ae, [?], f., a nymph of 
Latium who became the wife and 
instructress of Nuraa. 

egestas, -tatis, [perh. f egent + 
tas, but more prob. fr. a stem like 
milit- (miles)], f., poverty, want, 
need. — Personified, Want.- 

egl, perf. of ago. 

ego, mei, [cf. Gr. eyoSi/, Sk. aham, 
Eng„ /], pron., I, me, myself. 

egoniet [ego-met (intens. form fr. 
pron. ^/ma)], pron., I myself . 

egredior, -gressus, -gredl, [ex- 
gradior], 3. v. dep., walk forth x 
come forth. — Esp., land, disem- 
bark. 

egregius, -a, -um, [e-greg(e) + 
ius], adj., {out of the herd), re- 
markable, excellent, famous, re- 
noiuned, illustrious, noble. 

egressus,-a, -um, p.p. of egredior. 

elieu [ ?] , interj ., alas ! ah / 

ei (hei), [?], interj. of sorrow, ah, 
alas. — With dative: mihi(tf/z me /) . 

eia [?] inter]., come on I come! 
azvay / on ! ho ! 

eicio (eii-), eiecl, eiectum, ei- 
cere (eiic-), [ex-iacio], 3. v. a.,. 
throiv out, cast out. — Esp., cast 
tip (on shore from shipwreck). 
— eiectus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
thrown on shore, shipwrecked. — 
In a special sense : eiecto armo 
(with his leg thrown forward, of 
a horse falling in fight). 

eiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of eieio. 

elabor, -lapsus, -labi, [ex-labor], 

3. v. dep., glide out, dart forth, 



. slip away. — Poetically, glide on 
(of the constellation of the ser- 
pent), unfold its length. — Fig., 
escape. — Also (cf. ex), shoot up 
(of fire). 

elapsus, -a, -um, p.p. of elabor. 

elatus, -a, -um, p.p. of effero. 

Electra, -ae, [Gr. J HAe*-rpa], f., a 
daughter of Atlas and mother of 
Dardanus. 

electnim, -I, [Gr. 77 A efcrpoz/], n., 
aniber. — electru??i (a metal of 
mixed gold and silver). 

elephantus, -1, [Gr. e'Ae^as], m., " 

_ an elephant. — Less exactly, ivory. 

Eleus, -a, -um, [Gr. 3 HA 1os\, adj., 
of Elis, Elean. — Less exactly, of 
0lyj7ip ia , Olymp ia n . 

Eleusinus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'EAeucri- 
vos], adj., of Eleusis (the famous 
seat of the mystic worship of 
Ceres), Eleusinian. 

Elias, -adis, [Gr. HAtas], f. adj., 
of Elis. — Olympian (cf. Eleus). 

elicio, -licul (lexl), -licitum, 
-licere, [ex-lacio], 3. v. a., 'en- 
tice out. — Less exactly, draw out, 
draw, draw down. 

elldo, -lisi, -lisum, -lldere, [ex- 
laedo], 3. v. a., dash out, squeeze 
out, force out, crush. — ellsus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., dashed up, dash- 
ing (of spray). 

eligo, -legi, -lectum, -ligere, [ex- 
lego], 3. v. a., choose out, select, 
choose. 

Elis, -idis, [Gr. T HAis] , f., a district 
of Greece in the western part of 
Peloponnesus, famous on account 
of its chief city Olympia, where 
.was a famous worship of Jupiter, 
and where the Olympic 'games 
were held. 

Ellsa (Ellss-), -ae, [a Phoenician 
word], f., a name of Dido. 

elisus, -a, -um, p.p. of elido. 

elleborus (hel-), -1, [Gr. lAAe/33- 
pos^., m., hellebore, a medicinal 
plant used by the ancients as a 
specific for insanity. 

eloquium, -I (-ii), [ex-floquium, 
cf. conloquium], n., eloquence. 



Vocabulary. 



93 



eloquor, -locutus, -loqul, [ex- 
loqnor], 3. v. dep., speak out, re- 
late, tell, speak. 

elSceo, -luxi, no sup., -lacere, 
[ex-luceo], 2. v. n., shine forth. 

eluctor, -tatus, -tari, [ex-luctor], 
1. v. dep., struggle out, force a way 
out, press out. 

elfido, -last, -lasum, -ludere, 
[ex-ludo], 3. v. a., (avoid a blow 
by dodging), foil, deceive, frus- 
trate, mock, disappoint. 

eluo, -lul, -lutum, -luere, [ex- 
luo], 3. v. a., zvash out, wash off. 
— Fig., wash away (atone for). 

Elymus (Hel), -I, [?], m., a Trojan, 
companion of ^Eneas. 

Elysium, -1 (-ii), [Gr. i H\v(Tiov~], 
n., Elysium (the abode of the 
blessed dead). 

Elysius, -a, -urn, [prop, same word 
as preceding, but used as adj. from 
it], adj., Elysran. 

Emathia, -ae, [Gr. ^HfxaBia], f., a 
district of Macedonia. 

Emathion, -onis, [?], m., a Ru- 
tulian. 

emensus, -a, -um, p.p. of emetior. 

emetior, -mensus, -metiri, [ex- 
metior], 4. v. dep., measure out, 
measure off, measure : s^atium 
oculis; iter {travel}; saxa si- 
deraque (passed by). — emen- 
sus, -a, -um, p.p. in pass, sense, 
traversed, passed over. 

emico, -cm, -catum, -care, [ex- 
mico], I. v. n., spring out, leap 
out, leap up, spring up, spring 
forth, bound forward ; in currum 
(spring); equus (prance) . 

emineo, -nul, no sup., -nere, [ex- 
mineo], 2. v. n., stand out, pro- 
ject : dor so (rise with the back 
above the waves) . 

eminus [e-manus, petrified as adv., 
cf. comminus], adv., at a dis- 
tance, at long range, from afar. 

emissus, -a, -um, p.p. of emitto. 

emitto, -misl, -missum, -mittere, 
[ex-mitto], 3. v. a., send forth, 
let go" forth, let loose, hurl, throw, 
shoot. — Pass., escape, go forth. 



emo, emi, emptum, emere, 

[yem, take, cf. compounds], 3. 
v. a., (take), buy : bene emi ho- 
nor em vita (honor not too dearly 
bought ivith life) . 

emotus, -a, -um, p.p. of emoveo. 

emoveo, -movi, -motum, -mo- 
vere, [ex-moveo], 2. v. a., dis- 
place, remove : cardine postes 
„ (force) ; emotae eurae (dis- 
pelled) ; emota fundamenta (up- 
turned). 

emunio, -miinil, -munitum, -mu- 
nlre, [ex-munio], 4. v. a., fortify, 
protect, secure. 

en [?], interj., lot behold! — With 
ace. : en quatuor aras. — In ques- 
tion or exclamation with feeling of 
surprise, impatience, eagerness, or 
despair [cf. ecquis), ah! pray ! 

enarrabilis, -e, [ex-narrabilis, as 
iffenarrafbilis],adj.,^<:r^ t 7^. 

Enceladus, -1, [Gr. EyKeXados'], 
m., one of the giants, son of Tar- 
tarus and the Earth. He was killed 
with the thunderbolt by Jupiter 
and buried under Etna. 

enim [?, perh. e (cf. en) -nam], 
conj., namely, for (explaining a 
preceding assertion), precisely. — 
The assertion is often only im- 
plied : sed enim audierat (but 
she was alarmed for her plan fur 
s,he had heard) ; mene rubes con- ' 
fidere? quid enim (do you bid 
me, &c? I cannot, for why, Sec). 

— Irregularly (used perhaps on 
account of the metre), therefore : 
semper enim refi.ee. 

Enipeus, -1 (-eos), [Gr. 'Evnrevs~], 

m., a river of Thessaly. 
enlsus, -a, -um, p.p. of enitor. 
eniteo, -tui, no sup., -tere, [ex- 

niteo], 2. v. n., shine forth-, beam. 

— Less exactly, thrive, be bright 
(opp. to squaleo) : campus. 

enitor, -nlsus (nixus), -nftl, 
[ex-nitor], 3. v. dep., (come or 
force out by struggling), climb up. 

— Esp. of travail, bring forth, yean, 
farrow. 

enlxus, -a, -um, p.p. of enitor. 



94 



Vocabulary. 



end", -avi, -atum, -are, [ex-no], 
I. v. n., swim out. — Less exactly, 
of movement in the air afloat away. 

enodis, -e, [ex-nodo (weakened) 
decl. as adj.], adj., without knots, 
smooth. 

ensis, -is, £?], m., a szvord. 

Entellus, -I,[ ?], m., a Sicilian boxer. 

enumero, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
numero], I. v. a., count out, re- 
count, enumerate, rehearse. 

eo, Ivl (il), itimi, Ire, [yd (strength- 
ened)], 4. v. n., go (in all senses), 
see various synonyms in English*. 

eodem [eo (dat. adv. fr. is) + dem 
(cf. idem)], adv., to the same 

__ place, there (also). 

Eous, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Ho?os, adj. fr. 
'Hcos, the dawn], adj., of the dawn, 
of the morning, Eastern : Atlan- 
tides {the morning stars) ; fluc- 
tus ; acies. — Masc. sing., the 
dawn, the morning, the morning 
star: primo Eoo {at earliest 
dawn). — Masc. plur., the men of 
the East. 

Epeus, -1, [Gr. 'E7ret<fe], m., the 
inventor of the Trojan horse. 

Ephyre, -es, (-a, -ae), [Gr. 'Ecpv- 
pri], f . : I. Corinth; 2. A nymph. 

Ephyreius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Ecpvprj- 
ws], adj., of Corinth, Corinthian. 

Epidaurus, -I, [Gr. 'EmSavpos'], f., 
a city of Argolis, famous for the 
worship of ^Esculapius. 

Epirus, -1, [Gr. H7re/pas], f., a dis- 
trict of Greece, on the north-east, 
bordering on the Adriatic. 

epulae, -arum (-um, -I), [?], f. 
plur., a banquet, a feast, a festive 
entertainment. — Less exactly, 
food, viands. 

epulatus, -a, -um, p.p. of epulor. 

Epulo, -onis, [epulo, afeaster~\, m., 
a Latin. 

epulor, -atus, -ari, [fepula- (or 
-6)], i.v.dep., feast, banquet : da- 
pibus {feast on) . — Less exactly, 
eat : epulandum apponere men- 
sis {serve tip as a feast, of Asca- 

_ nius). 

Epytides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic fr. 



Epytus], m., son of Epytus. 

Epytus, -I, [?], m., a Trojan. 

equa, -ae, [f. of equus], f., a mare. 

eques, -itis, [feqno + tus (re- 
duced)], m., a rider, a horse?nan, 
a trooper, cavalry (collectively). 
— Plur., cavalry, horse?nen, horse. 

equestris, -e, [fequit + tris, cf. 
sylvestris], adj., of horsemen, 
equestrian : cursus. 

Equicolus, -1, [t], m., a Rutulian. 

equidem [f e- (cf. enim) -quidem], 
adv. of asseveration or concession, 
surely, truly, by all 'means, no 
doubt, I am sure : hoc equiclem 
{this af least) ; certe equidem 
{but Em sure) ; haud equidem 
dignor {I do not, to be sure) ; 
atque eqidem {and in fact I do) . 

equinus, -a, -um, [feqno- (re- 
duced) + inns], adj., of a horse, 
of horses : pecus. — Less exactly, 
of horse hair, horsehair. 

equitatus, -tus,[fequita (as if stem 
of equito) + tus], m., cavalry. 

equito, -avi, -atum, -are, [feqnit- 
(as if equito)], 1. v. n., ride. 

equus (ecus, equos), -I, [^/akH- 
vas, cf. Gr. 'iwiros {'lkkos), Sk. 
acvas~\, m., a horse. 

Erato, -tils, [Gr. "Epardi], f., one 
of the Muses. — Less exactly, 7/1 use 
(in general). 

Erebus, -1, [Gr. v Epej6os], m., the 
god of darkness. — Less exactly, 
the lower world, Erebus, Hades. 

erectus, -a, -um, p.p. of erigo. 

ereptus, -a, -um, p.p. of eripio. 

Ere turn, -I, [Gr. "HprjTo'^, n., an 
ancient city of the Sabines on the 
. Tiber {now Cretona). 

ergo [?, old case-form of unc. stem], 
adv. (and noun ?). With genitive 
preceding, for the sake of on ac- 
count of. illins ergo {on his 
account). — Without noun as illa- 
tive particle (more logical than 
itaque or igitur), therefore, then, 
consequently. 

Ericetes, see Erichaetes. 

Erichaetes, -ae, [Gr.], m., a Trojan 
warrior. 



Vocabulary. 



95 



Erichthonius, -I (-ii), [Gr. *Epi%- 
66vios\ m., a son of Dardanus and 
father of Tros, said to have in- 
vented the harnessing of the four- 
__ horse chariot. 

Eridanus, -I, [Gr. 'HpiSavos'], m., 
the^ Greek name for the Po-. 

erigo, -rexl, -rectum, -rigere, 
* [ex-rego], .3. v. a., set up straight, 
raise, erects set up, rear : malum; 
fluctus; scopulos {throw tip). — 
In pass., rise : fumus ; insula. — 
Esp., build : pyram. 

Erigone, -es, [Gr. 'Hpry^], f., the 
daughter of Icarius, who became 
the constellation Virgo. — - Virgo 
(the constellation itself). 

erilis (her-), -e, [fero- (stem of 
erus, herus) + lis], adj., of a 
master { m (stress ) . 

Erinys, -yos, [Gr. 'Epwvs~\, f., a 
Fury. — Less exactly, a fury, evil 
genius, curse. 

Eriphyle, -es, [Gr. 'EpipvKyf\, f., the 
wife of Amphiaraus, who betrayed 
her husband for a golden necklace. 

eripio, -ripul, -reptuin, -ripere, 
[ex-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch away, 
wrest, catch up, tear away, take 
away, steal, seize, rob one of (a " 
thing) : nubes {shut out). — Esp. 
from danger, &c, rescue, snatch : 
me leto; fugam {save one's self 
h flight)'* eripite socii {save 
yourselves). — Pass., save one's 
self, escape. 

errabundus, -a, -um, [ferra (stem 
of erro) + bundus], adj., wander- 
ing, roving % straying. 

erratus, -a, -um, p.p. of erro. 

erro, -avl, -atum, -are, [?], i.v.n., 
wander, rove, stray, roam : Mars 
errat {battle hovers). — Less ex- 
actly, of any irregular motion, fioat, 
creep (of a vine) : halitus {lin- 
ger)-, manus {fly, of blows).— 
waver, i?iiss, zoander{o( the eyes) ; 
dexter (shooting at random). — 
erratus, -a$ -um, p.p. in pass, 
sense, wandered over. 

error, -oris, [^/era^as if root of erro) 
+ or], a wandering, a turning. 



— Fig. of the mind; a mistake, an 
error, madness, deceit (prop, a 
mistake^ caused purposely) . 

erubesco, -bul, no sup., -bescere, 
[ex-rubesco], 3. v. n. and a., red- 
den, blush, be ashamed. — Act. 
(from the signs of shame), respect, 
reverence. 

eructo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
ructo], 1. v. n. and a., belch forth. 

erudio, -IvI (-ii), -itum, -Ire, 
[ferudi- (stem of ferudis)], 4. 
v. a., train, teach, instruct. 

Erulus, -I, [?], m., a king of Prae- 
neste.^ 

erumpo, -rupl, -ruptum, -rum- 
pere, [ex-rumpo], 3. v. n., a., and 
caus., (cf. rumpo), cause to break 
out, vent. — With reflexive, burst 
forth, break out, sally forth. — As 
active without reflexive, break out 
from, burst out from,break through. 
nubem. 

eruo, -rui, -rutum, -ruere, [ex- 
ruo], 3. v. a., dig out, tear out, 
tear up, undermine, overturn (of 
walls and the like) . 

erus, better. spelling of herus. 

ervum, -1, [pern, akin to Spo&os], 
n., a vetch (a kind of pulse). 

Erycinus, -a, -um, [fErye + 
inus], adj., of Eryx. 

Erymans, -anthos, [?], m., a Tro- 
jan killed by Turnus. 

Erymanthus, -I, [Gr. 'Epvp.avBos'], 
m., a mountain in Arcadia, where 
Hercules killed the Erymanthian 
boar. 

Eryx, -ycis, [Gr. "Epv£], m. : 1. A 
mountain of Western Sicily, with 
a town of the same name (now 
San Giuliano) ; 2. A son of Venus, 
killed by Hercules in a boxing- 
match. 

esca, -ae, [•?], f., food, bait. 

essedum, -1, [a Gallic word], n., 
a zvar chariot (of the Gauls). 

et [akin to ert], conj., and (stronger 
than -que and weaker than atque). 
— With correlative conj., et . . . et, 
both . . . and, and at the same time 
(omitting the first) ; et . . . que, 



9 6 



Vocabitlczry. 



both . . . and ; neque . . . et, not 
. . . and, not . . . but, not . . . and 
yet ; et . . . neque, and at the same 
time not (omitting the first), and 
not. — With emphasis, and that too, 
and also, even, and lo ! and then. 

etiam [et-iam], conj., even' now, 
still, yet. — {and now, in addition 
to what has been stated before), 
even, also, likewise. 

etiamnum [etiam-num, cf. etiam 
nunc], conj., even now, still. — 
Of past time, eveit then, still, till 
then. 

Etruria (He-), -ae, [borrowed 
stem fEtrus- (?) + ia (f. of ius)], 
f., the country of Central Italy, 
north of the Tiber, and west of the 
Apennines. 

Etruscus (He-), -a, -um,[fEtrus- 
or fEtruso- (whence Etruria, for 
fEtrusia) + cus], adj., Etruscan, 
Etrurian. — Masc. pi., the Etrus- 
cans. 

etsi, [et-si], conj., even if, although, 
though. * 

euans, -antis, [as if p. of f euo, 
fr. Euan], p., crying Euan ! (a 
name of Bacchus) or Euoe! — 
orgia {shouting the cry of Bacchus 
in his orgies). 

Euanthes (Evantes), -ae, [?}, 
m., a Phrygian in the Trojan 
ranks. 

Euboicus, -a, -um, [Gr. Evfioitcds'], 
adj., of Eubcea (the island east of 
the coast of Bceotia and Attica), 
Eubcean. 

eunans, see euans. 

Euhoe, see Euoe. 

Eumedes, -ae, [Gr. Eu^^s], m., 
a Trojan herald, son of Dolon. 

EumeTus, -I, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. 

Eumenides, -um, [Gr. Eh^vi^s\ 
f. plur., well-wishers, the Furies 
(so called to propitiate them, or to 
avoid the omen of their name). 

Eumenius, another reading for 
Euneus, JEn. xi. 666. 

Eunaeus, -I, [Gr. E1/V770S], m., a 
Trojan. 

Euoe [Gr. EjoT], interj., Evo'e ! (a 



shout of joy at the festival.; cf 
Bacchus). 

Euphrates, -is, [Gr. Evcppdrrjs^, 
m., a celebrated river of Asia, ris- 
ing in Armenia and uniting with 
the Tigris near Babylon. — Less 
exactly, for the nations dwelling 
by it. 

Europa, -ae, [Gr. Ebp^irrf], f., 
Europe, the continent. 

Eurotas, -ae, [Gr. Evpwras\ m., 
a river of Lacedsemon, on which 
Sparta stood (now Basilipotamd). 

Eurous, -a, -um, [Gr. fEtywos], 
adj., of the east wind (Eurus). — 
Less exactly, Eastern. 

Eurus, -I, [Gr. Evpos\, m., the south- 
east wind. — Less exactly, wind. 

Euryalus, -i, [Gr. EvpvaXos], m., 
a Trojan, the friend of Nisus, killed 
in an excursion through the Ru- 
tulian camp. 

Eurydice, -es, [Gr. EvpvdiKTj'], f., 
the wife of Orpheus, for whom he 
descended into the world below. 

Eurypylus, -1, [Gr. EvpwirvAos^, m., 
a leader of the Greeks before Troy. 

Eurystheus, -el (ace. -ea, abl. -eo), 
[Gr. Evpv(jQevs~], m., a king of My- 
cenae, the enemy of Hercules. It 
was he who imposed upon Her- 
cules, by order of Juno, his twelve 
labors. 

Eurytides, -ae [fEuryto + des], 
m., son of Ettrvtus ( Cloitus* a. fa- 
mous artist). 

Eurytion, -onis, [Gr. EfywrtW], 
m., a companion of /Eneas, son of 
Lycaon. 

Evadne, -es, [Gr. EvdSvrj'], f., the 
wife of Capaneus (one of the seven 
against Thebes), who burned her- 
self on the funeral-pile of her hus- 
band. 

evado, -vasi, -vasum, -vadere, 
[ex-vado], 3. v. n. and a., go out, 
pass out y come out : ex obscura 
silva. — Esp., get. away, get away 
from, escape : casus ; urbes \ flam- 
mamj hostes. — Witk ace. (cog- 
nate), pass over, pass through : 
viam; spatium. — Less exactly 



Vocabulary. 



97 



(cf. cffero), go up, mount up, 
ascend : ad superas auras. 

evalesco, -lui, no sup., -lescere, 
[ex-valesco], 3. v. n. incept., get 
one's strength, grow strong. — Less 
exactly, be able, have the power. 

Evander (-drus), -drl, [Gr. Evav- 
Bpos~], m., the king of Pallanteum, 
on the Tiber, who hospitably re- 
ceived JEneas. 

Evandrius, -a, -um, [fEvandro- 
(reduced) + ins] , adj ., of Evander. 
— Less exactly, of Pallas »(Evan- 
der's son). 

Evandrus, see Evander, 

evanesco, -nui, no sup., -nescere, 
[ex-vanesco], 3. v. n. incep., van- 
ish away, vanish. 

evans, -antis ; see euans. 

Evas, see Euanthes. 

eveho, -vexi, -vectum, -vehere, 
[ex-veho], 3. v. a., carry out, bear 
away. — Also (cf. effero), bear 
up, bear aloft. 

evenio, -veni, -ventum, -venire, 
[ex-venio], 4. v. n., come out. — 
Fig., turn out, happen. 

eventus, -us, [ex-fventus (cf. ad- 
ventus), as if f even- (cf. evenio) 
-r-tus], m., a result, an occur- 
rence, an issue. — More generally, 
fate, fortune, lot. 

everbero, -avl, -atum, -are, [ex- 
verbero], I. v. a., beat, flap. 

eversor, -oris, [ex-versor, as if 
• fevert- (cf. everto) + tor], m., 
an overthrower, a destroyer. 

e versus, -a, -um, p.p. of everto. 

everto, -verti, -versum, -ver- 
tere, [ex-verto], 3. v. a., turn 
tipside down, overturn, overthrow, 
ruin : nemora {prostrate) ; ae- 
quora ventis '( upturn) ; eversum 
saeculum (debauched). 

evictus, -a, -um, p.p. of evinco. 

evincio, -vinxi, -vinctum, -vin- 
cire, [ex-vincio], 4. v. a., bind 
up, bind around. 

evinco, -vici, -victum, -vincere, 
[ex-vinco], 3. v. a., vanquish, 
overcome. 

evinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of evincio. 



eviscero, no perf., -atum, -are, [as 

if feviscero- (ex-viscus) or fevi- 
seeri-], 1. v. a., disembowel. 

evoco, -avl, -atum, -are, [ex- 
voco], 1. v. a., call forth, call out, 
summon : animas Oreo {conjure 

_up). 

Evoe, see more approved spelling 
euoe. 

evolo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
volo], I. v. n., fly forth, fly out, 
fly away. — Less exactly, spring 
out or forth. 

evolvo, -volvl, -volutum, -vol- 
vere, [ex-volvo], 3. v. a., roll out, 
roll forth, unroll. — With reflex- 
ive, or in pass., roll, roll down. — 
Of a scroll, unroll, — hence, nar- 
rate, set forth. 

evomo, -mul, -mitum, -mere, 
[ex-vomo], 3. v. a., vomit forth, 
cast tip : fumum. 

ex (ec-, -e), [cf. e/<:, c|], prep, (with 
abl.). Of space, out of (cf. ab, 
away from), from : ex arbore 
lecta mala ; patria ex Ithaca 
{of). — Of time, from, after., since, 
ever since : ex imbri. — Y\g.,from, 
of: ex me disce; ex ira resi- 
dunt eorda. — Partitively (cf. ab, 
de, and part, gen.), out of, from, 
of: nihil ex tanta urbe. — Of 
material, from, of, made of: pug- 
nam ex auro faciam; pharetra 
ex auro. — Of cause, from, out of, 
on account of. — - Of place where 
(cf. ab), at, in, on : ex alia parte. 

— Also, (cf. de), according to, in 
accordance 'with : ex more ; ex 
ordine {in order). — In adverbial 
expressions : ex lbngo collecta 
{in a long time). — In compo- 
sition (besides its literal meanings), 
fully, entirely, very much (cf. 
evirico, edisco, exoro, edurUs) . 

exactus, -a, -um, p.p. of exigo. 
exacuo, -cui, -cutum, -cuere, 

[ex-acuo], 3. v. a., sharpen. 
exaestuo, -avl, -atum, -are, [ex- 

aestuo], i.'v. n., boil up, foam tip. 

— Fig., boil, glow, burn : mens 
ira. 



98 



Vocabulary, 



i. examen, -inis, [ex-agmen], n., 
a swarm. 

2. examen, -inis, [as if f exag- (cf. 
exigo) + men], n., the tongue of 
a balance. 

exanguis, see exsanguis. 

exanimatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
animo. 

exanimis, -e (-us, -a, -um), 
[ex-fanima- (weakened), decl. as 
adj.], adj., {out of breath), lifeless, 
dead. — Also, breathless (with fear), 
half dead with fear, terrified. 

exanimo, -avi, -atum, are, [fex- 
animo (cf. exanimis, -us)], i. 
v. a., kill, frighten, terrify. 

exardesco, -arsl, -arsum, -arde- 
scere, [ex-ardesco], 3. v. n. in- 
cep., blaze up. — Fig., of persons 
and feelings, blaze forth, burst 
forth, be fired, be inflamed : ignis 
animo; dolor; Allecto in iras. 

exaudio, -divi (-il), -dltum, 
-dire, [ex-audio], 4. v. a., hear 
(distinctly or from afar) : voces. — 
With implied favor, hear and heed, 
listen to, regard. 

exaudltus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
audio. 

excedo, -cessl, -cessum, -cedere, 
[ex-cedo], 3. v. n. (later a.), go 
out, depart, withdraw : regione 
viarum (leave) ; palma (give 
up) ; pestes (disappear) . 

excellens, -entis, [p. of excello 
as adj.], p., eminent, noble : eyg- 
num. 

excelsus, -a, -um, [ex-celsus, cf. 
excello], adj., high, lofty. 

excepto, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
capto], 1. v. a., catch (up); take 
in, snuff tip. 

exceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
cipio^ 

excerno, -crevi, -cretum, -cer- 
nere, [ex-cerno], 3. v. a., (sift 
out), separate, keep apart. 

excidium, see exscidium. 

excido, -cidi, no sup., -cidere, 
[ex-cado], 3. v. n., fall out, fall 
off, fall down : Palinurus puppi ; 
vox per auras (descend) ; ore 



hefas (fall). — • Esp., slip aw.ay, 
escape; pastoribus ignis (get 
away from unnoticed) ; dolores 
animo (,by forgetfulness). 

excido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 
[ex-caedo], 3. v. a., cut out, cut 
off, cut down, hezv out. — Less 
exactly, raze, lay waste (cf. ex- 
scindo) . 

excindo, see exscindo. 

excio (-cieo), -ivi (-11), -citum 
and-citum,-cire,[ex-cio (cieo)], 
4. v. a'., call forth, summon. — Less 
exactly, call forth, produce : in 
undis molem (cause an uproar). 

— Fig., arouse, stir, excite : bello 
reges (rouse to war) : pulsu 
pedum tremit excita tellus (of 
the Earth half personified) . 

excipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipere, 
[ex-capio], 3. v. a., take out, take 
up, take from or after : clipeum 
sorti. — Esp., take next, succeed (to 
something), follow, receive next : 
Romulus gentem ; quis te casus 
(meets you). — As a hunting term 
(transferred to war), catch, cutoff, 
overtake, engage with : caprum ; 
Phalarim (cut down) ; Sucronem 
in latus (assail) ; incautum 
- (catch unawares) ; equitem col- 
latis signis (meet in conflict)-, 
fig. in same sense : ipsas angusti 
terminus aevi (overtake)-, mo- 
tus futuros (catch a hint of, 
learn). — Of persons, receive, 
greet, welcome, treat (in any man- 
ner) : reduces gaza agresti (en- 
tertain) ; plausu pavidos; cla- 
more socii (hail, of Turnus, as he 
came unexpectedly) ; caeli in- 
dulgentia terras (Heaven treat 
with indulgence). — Of conversa- 
tion, take up the word, anszver, re- 
ply : sic regia Juno. 

excisus, -a, -um, p.p. of -excido. 

excito, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
cito], I. v. a., call out, call forth. 

— Fig., arouse, aivaken, stimulate, 
excite, alarm: iras (call forth). 

— In different sense of primitive, 
raise, build, erect. 



Vocabulary. 



99 



excitus, -a, -urn, p.p. of excieo. 
excitus, -a, -um, p.p. of excio. 
exclamo, -avl, -atuin, -are, [ex- 

clamo], i. v. a. and n., cry out. 

excludo, -clusi, -clusum, -clii- 
dere, [ex-claudo], 3. v. a., shut 
out, hinder. 

exclusus, -a, -um,p.p. of exclude 

exeolo, -colui, -cultum, -colere ? 
. [ex-colo], 3. v. a., cultivate, im- 
prove (by tillage). — Fig., culti- 
vate, ameliorate, civilize, improve : 
vitam per artes {adorn and im- 
prove) . 

excoquo, -coxl, -coctum, -co- 

# quere, [ex-coquo], 3. v. a., {re- 
move by cooking), boil away, roast 
away : per ignem vitium {burn 
away) . — With intensive force of 
ex, cook thoroughly: terrain {mel- 
low i?i the sun) . 

excretus, -a, -um, p.p. of excerno, 
(by some assigned to excresco) . 

excubiae, -arum, [ex-f cubia (cf. 
concubia)], f. plur., {a lying out 
at night), a watch, guards : vigi- 
lum {post, outpost). — Fig., of a 
fire, sentinel, watchfire. 

excubo, -bui, -bitum, -bare, [ex- 
cubo], 1. v. n., keep watch, keep 
guarded, excubiae). 

exciido, -cudi, -ciisum, -cudere, 
[ex-cudo], 3. v. a., strike out. — 
Of the effect, forge : spirantia 
aera. — Less exactly, fashion, 
itiake, build. 

excursus, -us, [ex-cursus, cf. ex- 
curro], m., an excursion, an ex- 
pedition. 

excussus, -a, -um, p.p. of excutio. 

excutio, -cussl, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [ex-quatio], 3. v. a., shake 
off, shake out, dash off, drive off, 
dislodge, dash from, drive out: 
toros {toss, of the lion's neck 
and mane) ; excussus Aconteus 
{thrown headlong) ; excussus 
curru {thrown from) ; excutior 
somno {rouse myself) ; Teucros 
vallo; excussi manibus radii 
{fell from her hands) ; conceptum 
foedus {break) . — With change 



of point of view: navis excussa 
magistro {robbed of). 

execror, see exsecror. 

exedo, -edi, -esum, -edere, [ex- 
edo], 3. v. a., eat out. — Less ex- 
actly, hollow out, dig out, scoop 
out, wear away. — Fig., destroy. — 
exesus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
hollozu. 

exemplum, -1, [?, ex-femlnm 
(femo-,. reduced, + lum, cf. tem- 
•plum), cf. eximo], n., a sample, 
a specimen. — More generally, an 
example, a pattern, a model. 

exemptus, -a, -um, p.p. of eximo. 

exeo, -ivi (-il), -itum, -Ire, [ex- 
eo], irr. v. n. and a., go out, come 
forth, come, go : victirna saeptis ; 
servitio {be freed) ; amnis {arise, 
overflow, empty). — Also (cf. ex), 
arise, rise, mount: sterilis stir- 
pibus ab imis {spring, of suck- 
ers) ; arbos ad caelum. — Act, 
with ace, escape from, escape, 
avoid: vim viribus; tela cor- 
pore. 

exequiae, see exsequiae. 

exequor, see exsequor. 

exerceo, -cui, -citum, -cere, [ex- 
arceo], 2. v. a., {confine or con- 
trol), keep busy, busy, drive (to 
laber), exercise : femina famulas 
penso; Diana choros {lead the 
dance) ; exercentur agris (reflex., 
labor) ; equos ; labor apes ; 
(agricolam) cura salicti. — Of 
things, employ, drive, zvork, man- 
age : humum {till) ; turbo quern 
pueri exercent {ply with blows) ; 
flumina exercita cursu {hurried 
on their course) ; membra {train). 

— Of persons, worry, drive, pur- 
sue, vex, harass, torment : stirpem 
odiis ; exercite fatis ; exercent 
te irae ; exercita curis Venus. 

— With employments as objects, 
purstie, practise, occupy one's self 
with, ply : palaestras ; imperia 
{hold sway) ; balatum {utter); 
pacem et hymenaeos (live in) ; 
ferrum Cyclopes; iras {vent); 
vices {perform parts). 



IOO 



Vocabulary. 



exercitus, -a, -um, p.p. of exerceo 

exercitus, -us, [ex + arcitus, as if 
fexerci + tus (cf. exerceo)], m., 
(a training). — Concretely, an 
army. — Less exactly, a band, a 
flock : Phorci (of sea-monsters) : 
corvorum. 

exertus, see exsertus. 

exesus, -a, -um, p.p. of exedo. 

exhalo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
halo], I. v. a., breathe out, exhale. 

exhaurio, -hausi, -haustum, 
haurlre, [ex-haurio], 4. v. a., 
drain out, drain, waste, wear out, 
exhaust. — Fig., of trials and the 
like, undergo, suffer : bella ; peri- 
cula ; satis poenarum. — ex- 
haustus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
drained, exhausted, worn out. — 
l^eut. plur., trials, sufferings. 

exnaustus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
haurio. 

exhtfrresco, -horrul, no sup., 
-horrescere, [ex-horresco], 1. 
v. n. incep., shudder at, dread. 

exhortatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
liortor. 

exhortor, -tatus, -tarl, [ex-hor- 
tor], 1. v. dep., encourage, spur 
o?z, incite, urge. 

exigo, -egi, -actum, -igere, [ex- 
ago], 3. v. a., drive out*, drive, 
thrust; exegit caecos rabies; 
ensem per costas. — Also (cf. 
a S°)> P ass (completely), finish, 
end, fulfil: aevum; exactis men- 
sibus ; annos. — With different 
meaning of ago (cf. 2. examen), 
weigh, ponder. — exactus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., discovered, found 
out. — Neut. pi., discoveries (things 
found out). 

exiguus, -a, -um, [ex-faguus, as 
if f exig + uus, (cf. exigo)], adj., 
weighed, exact, (cf. exigo), scanty, 
small, narrow, slight, little : nox 
{short) ; vires {feeble) ; exigui 
numero (fw, scanty) ; ceres 
(thin cakes). 

exilio, see exsilio. 

exilium, see exsilium. 

eximius, -a, -um, [ex-femius 



( yem, take, -f his, cf. eximo) ], 

adj., (to be taken out), exceptional, 
extraordinary, select, remarkable, 
special : laus. 

eximo, -emi, -emptum, -imere, 
[ex-emo, take'],^. v. a., take away, 
remove: labern (efface). — Fig., 
destroy : nulla dies vos (oblitei'- 
ate your memory) ; fames ex- 
empta (satisfied). 

exin [ex-im (unc. case-form of is, 
cf. interim), cf. dein, dehinc], 
adv., — exinde, which see. 

exinde [exin + de, cf. inde], adv., 
(from thence, cf. nine), then, after 
that, afterwards. — In a narration 
(cf. inde), then, next. 

exitialis, -e, [f exitio- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., destructive, fatal, dead^ 
ly, ruinous. 

exitium, -1 (-ii), [ex-fitium (fit5 
-fium), cf. exeo], n., death. — 
Less exactly, ruin, destruction, 
bane. — Still weaker, peril, mis- 
c7iief misery. 

exitus, -us, [ex-itus, cf. exeo], m., 
a going out, a departure, an egress, 
an exit. — Esp., death, decease, end 
(of life). — Generally, issue (cf. 
exeo), event, result. 

exodl, -odisse (-osus), ^ex-odi], 
v. a., abhor, detest. — exosus, -a, 
-um, p.p. in act. sense, hating, ab- 
horring. 

exoptatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex^ 
opto. 

exopto, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
opto], 1. v. a., long for, desire 
(earnestly). 

exordior, -orsus, -ordirl, [ex- 
ordior], 4. v. dep., begin, under- 
take.- — exorsus, -a, -um, p.p. in 
pass, sense, begun, undertaken. — 
Neut., aji enterprise, an undei'- 
taking, a beginning, prelude, pre- 
amble. 

exordium, -I (-ii), [ex-ordium, cf. 
exordior], n., a beginning, an 
element, (principle of things), 
first germ. 

exorior, -ortus, -orirl, [ex-orior], 
3. and 4. v. dep., arise, rise. 



Vocabulary. 



101 



exoro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
oro], i. v. a., implore (earnestly 
or successfully), beseech. 

exors, see exsors. 

exorsus, -a, -um, p.p. of exordior. 

exortus, -a, -um, p.p. of exorior. 

exosus, p.p. of exodi. 

expecto, see exspecto. 

expedio, -Ivi (-ii), -itum, -ire, 
[f expect- (as if expedi-)], 4. v. a. 
and n., disentangle (cf. impedio), 
get ready, prepare, get out, bring 
forth, extricate. — Pass., make 
one's way (through difficulties) : 
maims {array) . — Also, bring to 
an end, accomplish. — Fig., un- 
fold, describe, explain, set forth. 

expello, -poll, pulsum, -pellere, 
[ex-pello], 3. v. a., drive out, 
drive away, dislodge, beat back, 
banish : expulsa seges {uproot- 
ed); somnum {banish). 

expendo, -pendi, -pensum, -pen- 
dere, [ex-pendo], 3. v. a., weigh 
out, weigh. — Fig., weigh, ponder : 
omnes casus. — Esp.(cf. pendo), 
pay (ace. of penalty), pay for (ace. 
of crime), sufer the penalty of, 
surfer (as a penalty). 

experientia, -ae, [f experient- + 
ia], f., experience. — From the re- 
sult, skill, knowledge, sagacity. 

experior, -pertus, -periri, [ex- 
tperior, cf. comperio, -pario], 
4. v. dep., try, attempt, make trial 
of: labor em {essay) ; saxa Cy- 
clopea ; procos priores ; quid 
virtus possit; avertere sensus. 
• — Also, experience, find (by ex- 
perience), come to know ; in past 
tenses, know ; experto credite 
{one who knows) ; expertus {hav- 
ing tried it) ; baud ita me {not 
such have you found me). — ex- 
pertus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
skilled, experienced, skilful. — Also 
in pass, sense, tried, proved : ex- 
pertos belli iuvenes. 

expers, -ertis, [ex-pars. decl. as 
adj.], adj., without a share, free 
from (in good and bad sense), 
destitute. 



expertus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
perior. 
expiro, see exspiro. 
expleo, -plevi, -pie turn, -plere, 

[ex-pleo], 2. v. a., fill up, fill : 
oras floribus. — Of time and num- 
ber,* fill out, complete : quinque 
orbes. cursu ; numerum ; impe- 
rio triginta orbes. — Of the ap- 
petite, fill, satiate, glut, satisfy ; 
iugluviem ranis; expletus da- 
pibus {gorged) ; animum flam- 
ma e ultricis ; mentem ; san- 
guine poenas {fill the full measure 
of punishment, <xc.). 

expletus, -a, -um, p.p. of expleo. 

explico, -avi (-ul), -atum (-itum), 
-are, [ex-plico], 1. v. a., unfold, 
deploy : cohortes ; frondes {put 
forth, unclose). — Also (cf. ex- 
pedio), tmfold, describe, express. 

explorator, -oris, [ fexplora- (stem 
of exploro) + tor], m., a scout. 

exploro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
ploro {cry aloud ?)], I. v. a., search 
out, explore, reconnoitre : urbem ; 
portas ; lupus insidias {medi- 
tate) . — Less exactly, observe, try ; 
ventos. — Poetically : robora fu- 
mus {test). — Fig., ponder, con- 
sider, meditate : quid optes. 

expono, -posui, -positum, -po- 
nere, [ex-pono], 3. v. a., put 
forth, put out, expose : expositis 
scalis. — Esp. out of a ship, un- 
load, disembark, land, unlade : 
pontibus socios ; viros in undis 
{plunge, of an accidental break- 
ing up of a ship) . 

exporto, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
porto], I. v. a., carry out, bear 
forth, convey, bring out. 

exposco, -poposci, no sup., -pos- 
eere, [ex-posco], 3. v. a., beg 
earnestly. 

expositus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
pono. 

expostus, -a, -um, contr. p.p. of 
expono. 

expromo,-prompsi, -promptum, 
-promere, [ex-promo], 3. v. a., 



102 



Vocabulary. 



bring forth (out of the storehouse). 
— Fig., speak out, utter : voces. 

expugno, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
pugno], I. v. a., take by storm, 
sack; Spartam (ravage). 

expulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
pello. 

exqulro, -qulslvl, -quisltum, 
-qulrere, [ex-quaero], 3. v. a., 
search out, seek out, seek, choose 
out (with pains). — Less exactly, 
pray earnestly for : pacem per 
aras. — With different meaning of 
primitive, investigate, inquire into. 

exsanguis (exan-), -e, [ex-san- 
guis], adj., bloodless, lifeless. — 
Less exactly, pallid with fear. 

exsaturabilis, -e, [ex-saturabilis, 
cf. exsaturo], adj., satiable, to be 
satiated. 

exsaturatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
saturo. 

exsaturo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
saturo], 1. v. a., satiate (fully), 
glut. 

exscindo (exc-), -scidi, -scis- 
sum, -seindere, [ex-scindo], 
3. v. a., cut down, tear down, over- 
throw, destroy, raze to the ground. 

exseco, -secul, -sectum, -secare, 
[ex-seco], 1. v. a., cut out. 

exsecror (exec-), -atus, -ari, 
[pass, (mid.) of ex-sacro], 1. v. 
dep., curse. 

exsectus, -a, -um, p.p. of exseco. 

exsequiae (exe-), -arum, [ex- 
fsequia (fsequo+ia), cf. ex- 
sequor], f. plur., funeral rites. 

exsequor(exe-),-secutus, -sequl, 
[ex-sequor], 3. v. dep., follow 
out (cf. exsequiae). — Fig., fol- 
low out (commands), perform, 
execute. — Also, follow out (in de- 
tail), recount, dilate on : mellis 
dona. 

exsero (exe-), -serul, -sertum, 
-serere, [ex-sero], 3. v. a., (dis- 
join ?), thrust out. — exsertus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., bared, bare, 
projecting : mamma. 

exserto, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fexserto- (cf. exsero)], 1. v.. a., 



stretch out, thrust ozct (cf. in- 

sero) . 
exsertus, -a, -um, p.p. of exsero. 
exsilio (exil-), -Ivi (-ii), -sultum, 

-silire, [ex-salio], 4. v. n., spring 
forth, leap forth. 

exsilium (exil-), -1 (-11), [fexsul 
+ ium, cf. exsilio], n., exile. 

exsolvo, -solvi, -soliitum, [ex- 
solvo], 3. v. a., unbind. — Fig., 
set free, release : se (of a serpent, 
untwine). 

exsomnis, -e, [ex-somno- (weak- 
ened)], adj., sleepless, ivakeful, 
watchful. 

exsors, -rtis, [ex-sors, decl. as 
adj.], adj., without lot (cf. ex- 
pers), without a share in, deprived 
of. — Also, out of the lot (i.e. order 
of lots), out of course, out of order. 

exspectatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
specto. 

exspecto (exp-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [ex-specto], 1. v. a. and n., 
look out for, await, expect. — Fig., 
hope for, lo7ig for, expect. — Less 
exactly, need, require. — Neut., 
linger, delay. — exspectatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., expected, long- 
looked-for : expectate Hector. 
— Neut., expectation : ante ex- 
spectatum. 

exsplro (exp-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ex-spiro], 1. v. a., breathe forth, 
breathe out. — -Esp. of the last 
breath or soul, expire, die, breatlie 
out (the life). 

exstinctus (ext-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
exstinguo. 

exstinguo, -nxl, -nc turn, -nguere, 
[ex-stinguo, pimch out (?), cf. 
instigo, etc.], 3. v. a., put out (a 
fire), quench, extinguish. — Fig., 
destroy, kill, slay, abolish : ex- 
stinctus pud or (lost). 

exsto, no perf., no sup., -stare, 
[ex-sto], 1. v. n., stand out, pro- 
ject, appear, overtop. 

exstructus (ext-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of exstruo. 

exstruo (ext-), -struxi, -struc- 
tum, -struere, [ex-struo] , 3. v. a., 



Vocabulary. 



103 



build up, pile up, heap up, arrattge. 

— Poetically, of a person, raise 
up : tapetibus altis exstructus. 

— exstructus, -a, -.um, p.p. as 
adj., high, raised, elevated. — Neut., 
a raised platform or mound (on 
which a general appeared before 
his men, cf. suggestum). 

exsudo (exu-j, -avl, -atum, -are, 
[ex-sudo], 1. v. n., sweat out, ooze 
out, exude. 

exsul (exul), -ulis, [ex-^/sal, as 
stem (cf. praesul), from some 
earlier meaning of the root or lost 
association of ideas], comm. gen., 
an exile, a fugitive. 

exsulo (exul-), -avl, -atum, -are, 
[fexsul (as if exsulo-)], 1. v. n., 
be an^exile, live in exile. 

exsulto (exul-), -avl, -atum, 
-are, [ex-sulto], i.v. n., leap up, 
bound, prance : corda (throb*) . — 
Less exactly, burst forth, boil up. 

— Fig., bound, exult, rejoice, tri- 
umph. — exsultans, -antis, p. as 
adj., exultant, proud, triumphant. 

exsuperabilis (exup-), -e, [ex- 
superabilis, as if fexsupera + 
bilis, cf. exsupero], adj., sur- 
mountable. 

exsupero, -avl, -atum, are, [ex- 
supero], 1. v. n. and a., tower 
above, overtop, rise up, mount up. 

— Fig., excel, overcome, prevail 
against, gain the mastery : moras 
(conquer every obstacle} ; con- 
silium. — Also, pass over, pass by, 
pass beyond ; iugum ; solum. 

exsurgo (exur-), -surrexi, -sur- 
rectum, -surgere, [ex-surgo], 
3. v. n., rise up (cf. evado, 
escendo) . 

exta, -orum,[?, ex+ tus(superl. of 
ex)], n. plur., entrails (the heart, 
liver, &c, observed for auspices). 

extemplo [ex-templo (abl. of tem- 
plum, place of observation, cf. sur 
le champ), an augural word], adv., 
forthzvith, at once, on the spot, im- 
mediately. 

extendo, -tendl, -tensum (-ten- 
turn), -tendere, [ex-tendo], 3. 



v. a., stretch out, spread out, extend: 
extenditur antro (is stretched at 
length) ; moribundum arena (lay). 

— Fig., continue, prolong, length- 
en : famam factis ; cursus. — 
extentus, -a, -vim, p.p. as adj., 
long, wide, extended, extensive. 

extentus, -a, -um, p.p. of extendo. 

externus, -a, -um, [fextro- (in 
exterus, extra) + nus], adj., ex- 
ternal, from abroad. — Esp. of 
country, foreign, alien. — Masc, 
an alien, a foreigner. 

exterreo, -terrui, -territus, -ter- 
. rere, [ex-terreo], 2. v. a., af- 
fright, alarm, frighten, amaze, 
confound : aestu exterritus ser- 
pens (drive7i wild). 

exterritus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
terreo. 

f exterus, -a, -um, [ex + terus, 
comp. of ex], adj., external. — 
Esp., foreign, from abroad. — 
Comp. exterior. — Superl. extre- 
mus [fextero + mus, or extra + 
mus]], farthest, uttermost, outmost, 
most remote, extreme : tellus 
(farthest parts of); finis (the 
very end) ; extrema in morte 
(in the extremity of death). — Of 
time, last, final: anno (end of 
the year). — Of degree, uttermost, 
extreme, lowest, meanest: fata 
(final destiny, implying a forlorn 
hope). — Neut. plur., extremities, 
last measures, dangers, sufferings : 
extrema secutus (take extreme 
meastires, seek the last resort); 
pelagi (perils). — Neut. sing, and 
plur., as adv., the last time. 

extimesco, -timul, no sup., -ti- 
mescere, [ex-timesco], 3. v. ,n. 
and a. incept., fear greatly, dread, 
be in aTarm, be alarjned; 

extinctus, see exstinctus. 

extollo, no perf., no sup., -tollere, 
[ex-tollo], 3. v. a., raise up, raise. 

— Fig-., extol, laud, praise (cf. 
premere, depreciate) . 

extorqueo, -torsi, -tortum, [ex- 
torqueo], 2. v. a., wrench away, 
zur est from. 



104 



Vocabulary.. 



extorris, -is, [ex-terra (weak- 
ened), decl. as adj.], comm., an 
exile. 

extra [case form, prob. abl. of fex- 
terus], adv. and prep., outside, 
without, bey o fid. 

extull, etc., see effero. 

extundo, -tudi, -tOsum, -tun- 
dere, [ex-tundo], 3. v. a., strike 
out, beat out, emboss (cf. repous- 
ser). — Fig., invent, contrive. 

exubero, -avi, -atum, -are, [ex- 
ubero], J. v. n., overflow, abound. 

exul, see exsul. 

exulto, see exsvilto. 

exuo, -ul, -utum, -uere, [?, cf. 
induo], 3. v. a., put off, strip off, 
take off : ensem umero {take) ; 
cestus. — Fig., put off, put away : 



alas; faciem; mentem. — With 
change of point of view, strip off, 
free from : lacertos (bare) ; ex- 
uta ununl pedem {with one foot 
bare). 

exiiro, -iissi, -ustum, -urere, 
[ex-uro], 3. v. a., burn tip, con- 
siwie, burn away: scelus (purge 
away) . — Less exactly, scorch, dry 
up, parch : exustus ager. 

exustus, -a, -um, p.p. of ex- 
uro. 

exutus, -a, -um, p.p. of exuo. 

exuviae, -amm, [ ?, akin to exuo, 
cf. reduviae], f. plur., spoils, 
clothes (stripped off), booty. — Less 
exactly, remains, relics. — Also, a 
skin (stripped off), a skin, slough 
(of a snake). 



F. 



faba, -ae, [?, perh. remotely akin 
• to fagus], f., a bean (of no par- 
ticular, perhaps several, species). 

Fabaris, -is, [?], m., a river flow- 
ing into the Tiber (now Far faro). 

Fabius, -I, (-ii), [ffaba (reduced) 
+ ius, prop, adj.], m., a Roman 
gentile name borne by a long line 
of distinguished citizens. — Esp., 
Q. Fabius Maximus, conqueror of 
Hannibal. — Plural, the various 
worthies of that name. 

fabricator, -toris, [f fabrica (stem 
of fabricor) + tor], m., aframer, 
a contriver. 

fabricatus, -a, -um, p.p. of fa- 
bricor. 

Fabricius, -1, (-ii), [ffabrico- (cf. 
fabricor) + ius, prop, adj.], m., 
a Roman gentile name. — Esp., C. 
Fabricius Luscinus, the conqueror 
of Pyrrhus. 

fabricor, -atus, -arl, [ffabrico 
(ffabro + cus, cf. fabrica)], 1. 
v. dep., fashion. — Also as pass., 
' be framed, be fashioned. 

fabrllis, -e, [ffabro- (as if fabri-) 
-f lis], adj., of an artisan, mechan- 
ical :^ opera (of the forge) . 

facesso, -cessi, -cessitum, -ces- 



sere, [akin to facio, of unc. form], 
3. v. a. and n. intens., do (eagerly), 
perform, execute. 
facies, -el, [ffaco (reduced, cf. 
beneficus) + ies], f., make, form, 
shape, fashion. — Less exactly, ap- 
pearance, aspect, kind (cf. spe- 
cies) ; hostilis. — Concretely, 
form, person : faciem circumdata 
nimbo. — Esp., face. — Also (cf. 
forma), beauty : insignis facie. 

— Also, a shape, an apparition, 
a spectre. 

facilis, -e, [ffaco- (cf. beneficus) 
+ lis], adj., easy (both actively and 
passively), ready, handy, active: 
tornus ; oculis (glancing eyes, 
quick glances) . — Of mental quali- 
ties, good-natured, ready, ivilling : 
nymphae ; napaeas (kindly) ; 
facilis te sequetur (willingly) . 

— Also, easily wrought, flexible, 
pliable, easily moved: fiscina ; 
animi iuveiram (impressionable) . 

— Of things, passively, easy (to do 
in any manner) : cursus ; victus ; 
trames ; labor ; descensus ; 
Averni; iactura sepulchri (eas- 
ily bortze) ; fortuna (prosperous) ; 
exitus ; visu facilis (of gentle 



Vocabulary. 



105 



aspect) ; quarentibus herba {eas- 
ily found) ; fuga {ready) ; pecori 
terra {favorable, cf. nymphae, 
etc., above). — Xeut., as adv., eas- 
ily, readily, With ease. 
facio, feci, factum, facere, 
[^/•fae akin to ^/dha], 3. v. a., do 
(abs. or with denning obj.), make, 
cause, execute, perform : quid 
facerem {what could I do ?) ; 
id facere possis {accomplish) ; 
quid non faciebat Amyntas ? ; 
et faciet {will do it); laetas 
segetes {produce) ; carmina 
{compose); ex auro pugnam 
{carve) : vota {offer) ; iudicium 
{give) : iussa ; ira telum {sup- 
ply) : factura umbram {afford) ; 
facta silentia {secure, enforce). 

— With double ace, or equivalent 
construction, make : teparentem; 
uno ore Latinos ; unam utram- 
que Troiam; facta potens pro- 
missi. — With clause, cause, see to 
it, take care : facito sis memor ; 
ut incipias {grant) ; me cernere 
( force) : haud faxo putent (/ 
warrant they ', &.c). — : As sacrihcial 
word, sacrifice (with abl.), offer 
(with ace.) : vitula {offer a heifer) ; 
facimus (abs. sacrifice) ; factus 
bonos {perform). — Phrases : fac, 
suppose; facio certum (certio- 
rem), inform ; facio vela, make 
sail ; facio pedem, tack (see pes) . 

— factus, -a, -uni, p.p. as adj., 
made, wrought, formed. — Xeut., 
a deed, an exploit, an act, a fact. 

factum, -1, [n." of p.p. of facio], 

see facio. 
factus, -a, -um, p.p. of facio. 
facultas, -tatis, [tfacili (reduced, 

cf. simultas, simul) + tas] , f., 

facility, opportunity, occasion. 
Fadus, -1, [?], m., a Rutulian. 
faginus, -a, -uiu, [ffago + nus], 

adj., beechen, of beech. 
fagus, -I (-us), [borrowed, cf. Gr. 

<pr\y6s~\, f., a beech, a beech tree. 
falarica, see phalarica. 
faleatus, -a, -um, [ffalc + atus, 

as if falca + tus, cf. auratus], 



adj., armed with scythes. — Less 
exactly, scythe-shaped, hooked, 
curved. 

Falernus, -a, -um, [unc. stem 
(Falis ?, cf. Faliscus, Falerius) 
-fnus], adj., of FalSmus (prop, 
territory in Italy, famous for wine), 
Falemian. 

Faliscus, -a, -um, [Falis (?) 
(cf. Falernus) + cus], adj., Fa- 
liscan (of Falini, a city of Etruria). 
— Plur., the people, Faliscans : 
Aequi Falisci {the Aequi Falisci, 
or Falisci of the plains (?). 

fallacia, -ae, [ffallac + ia], f., 
deceit, a trick, an artifice. 

fallax, -acis, [^/fall (as if root of 
fallo) + ax, cf. edax], adj., de- 
ceitful, treacherous, false, deceptive, 
disappo intiiig. 

fallit, see fallo. 

fallo, -fefelli, -falsum, -fallere, 
[ v fal (for sphal). akin to 
(rcpaAXca ?], 3. v. a. ^rarely abs. 
without obj.), {trip up), deceive, 
beguile, cheat, delude, ensnare ; 
feras visco ; te Phoebi cortina ; 
si nunquam fallit imago ; falle 
dolo ; si fallere possit amorem ; 
numen {swear by and break the 
oath) ; te sententia ; dextras 
{break a pledge) . — Less exactly, 
disappoint : spem; primus amor 
me morte. — In pass., be deceived, 
be mistake n, mistake : nisi fallor. 
■ — Also, miss, fail: longe fal- 
lente sagitta {miss the mark). — 
With cog. ace, assume, counter- 
feit. — Esp., escape notice of, be 
'unknown, be hid: me fallit {be 
hid from, be unknown to)'. — 
falsus, -a, -um, p.p. as ad]., false, 
treacherous, deceitful, deceptive, 
groiindless, delusive, coimterfeit, 
imaginary, unreal: sol {mock). 

falsus, -a, -um, p.p. of fallo. 

falx, falcis [perh. akin to flecto], 
f., a hooked knife, a sickle, a scythe, 
a bill-hook, a pruning-knife. 

fama, -ae, [V^ a ( c ^- ^ or ) + ma ]> 
f., report, tidings, fame, tradition : 
inanis {belief). — Esp. (in a good 



io6 



Vocabulary. 



sense), fame, reputation, glory. — 
Less commonly, ill repute (cf. fa- 
mosus), infamy. 

fames, -is, [?, cf. faba],f., hunger, 
fa7?iine, starvation. — Fig., hun- 
ger, greed': auri {thirst). — Per- 
sonified, Famine : male suada. 

famula, -ae, [f. of famulus], f., a 
maid-servant. 

famulus, -I, [famo- (cf. Oscan, 
faama, house) + lus, cf. -lis], m., 
a house-servant, attendant, man- 
sei'vant. — Less exactly, an attend- 
ant (on a deified person). 

fandus, -a, -um ; see for. 

far, farris, [?, cf. faba], n., grain 
(prob. a coarse species), spelt (?). 
— Less exactly, meal (of the coarser 
kind, used as an offering, mixed 
with salt) : pium. 

farrago, -inis, [far, through an 
intermediate stem], f., provender 
(mixed), a mash. 

fas, indecl., [y'fa + as (=us), cf. 
fatum], n., {co/nmand), right, 
(divine) law : fas omne abrum- 
pit (violate all right)-, fas im- 
mortale {privilege of divinity). 
— With sum (expressed or im- 
plied), allowed, permitted, just, 
lazvful, fiitiiig, right. 

fasces, see fascis. 

fascino, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffa- 
scino- (stem of fascinum, ffasci 
4- num, n. of nus), cf. fascia, fas- 
cis ; the connection of ideas is lost, 
but prob. through bindi}ig\ I. v. a., 
bewitch. 

fascis, -is, [ ?, cf. fascia, fasci- 
num], m., a bundle (tied up), 
pack. — Less exactly, a burden. — 
Esp., plur., the fasces (the bundle 
of rods with an axe, the emblem 
of authority of a Roman magis- 
trate). — Fig., magistracy, mili- 
tary power ; populi {ensig?is of 
power conferred by the people, 
popular honors). 

faselus, see phaselus. 

fastidio, -ivi,-itum,-ire, [tfastidi- 
(adj. akin to fastus, pride), cf. 
fasti dium], 4. v. n. and a., feel 



disdain, disdain, scorn. (Prob. de- 
rived from turning up the nose, cf. 
fastigium) . 

fastidium, -1 (-ii), [akin to fastus, 
cf. fastidio], n., disgust, loathing, 
disdain. — Less exactly, nausea, 
a qualm. 

fastigium, -I (-ii), ffastigo- (cf. 
fas tig 6) + ium], n., the top (of 
any thing), a summit, a roof, a 
peak, battlements (of a wall), gable 
(of a roof). — Less exactly, slope 
or depth (of a ditch). — Fig., a 
point (of a narrative) : summa 
sequar {touch the principal points). 

fastus, -tus, [unc. root -f tus, cf. 
fastidium and fastigium], m., 
pride, arrogance. 

fatalis, -e, [ffato (reduced) -f 
alis], adj., {belonging to fate), 
fated, {fraught with fate), des- 
tined, appointed. — fatal, ruinous, 
destructive. 

fateor, fassus, fateri, [lost stem, 
perh. akin to fatiscor, ffatis, 
fatigo], 2. v. dep., confess, own, 
acknowledge, admit: dicto pa- 
rere {submit). 

fatidicus, -a, -um, [ffato-dicus], 
adj., soothsaying, prophetic. 

fatifer, -era, -erum, [ffato-fer 
' ( ^/fer + us) ] , adj ., {fate-bring- 
ing), fatal, deadly. 

fatigo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffa- 
tigo- (ffati-agus, cf. prodigus), 
cf. castigoj, 1. v. a., tire out, 
weary : equos. — Less exactly, of 
acts tending to weariness, worry, 
ply, vex, harass, pursue : terga 
iuvencum hasta ; equos sole 
{worry in the heat) ; Martem 
{incite to zvar) ; diem noctem- 
que remigio {disturb) ; silvas 
{scow-); metu terras {vex); 
socios {chide) ; cervos cursu 
{pursue in chase) ; os {ply, of 
a horse) ; nuctus (of a ship, 
beat) . 

fatisco, no perf., no sup., -ere, [?], 
3. v. n., yazvn, gape, crack. 

fatum, -i, [n. p.p. of for], n., an 
oracle, a response, decree (of fate), 



Vocabulary. 



107 



fate, destiny. — Esp., death (as 

fated). 
f atus, -a, -um, p.p. of for. 
fauces, see faux, 
ffaux, ffaucis, [?], f. (only abl. 

sing, and plur.), the throat, the 

jaws ; vox faucibus haesit. — 

— Less exactly, a 7iarrozu pass, a 
defile, the channel of a river (prob- 
ably with a kind of personification) . 

Faunus, -I, [y'fav (in faveo) + 
nus], m., a sylvan deity, patron of 
shepherds, identified with Pan. He 
was supposed to be an Italian ; son' 
of Picus and grandson of Saturn. 

— Less exactly, in plur., fauns, 
deities partly identified with the 
Greek satyrs, but with less animal 
characteristics than they. 

faveo, favl, fautum, favere, 
[y'fav, perh. akin to ^/fa, but 
prob. through a noun-stem, cf. 
fa villa], 2. v. n., be favorable, 
favor, be propitious : terra fru- 
mentis {be good for) ; adsis fa- 
veus (kindly aid). — As religious 
expression with (or without) ore, 
refrain from ill-omened expres- 
sions, keep religious silence : cele- 
brate faventes {attend with piotis 
lips and celebrate) ; favete ore 
omnes. — favens, -entis, p. as 
adj., propitious (see preceding). 

— Plur., favorers, partisans : cla- 
mor faventum. 

favilla, -ae, [akin to faveo], f., 
glowing ashes, embers, cinders, 
sparks. 

favor, -oris, [ v / ^ av ( c f- faveo) + 
or], m., favor, partiality. 

favus, -1, [?], m., a honey-comb 
(usually in plur.) ; favos relin- 
quunt {leave their cells) ; favo- 
rum cratis {the net-work of the 
comb) . — Less exactly, honey : 
favos dilue Baccho. 

fax, facis, [ ^/fac as stem, remotely 
akin to -y/fa and ^/fau], f., a 
torch, a brand, a fire-brand : in- 
cide (of the wood for torches) ; 
inspicat (of wood to serve as 
matches or torches) ; face ferro- 



que {with sword and brand) ; 
face vim ferre* {assail zuith 
flames) ; faces et saxa volant ; 
funereae, plur. {the fimeral-torch, 
from its use at funerals; also fig., 
as a symbol of death) ; mater 
armata facibus (of Clytemnestra 
in the guise of a Fury) . — Less 
exactly, of a shooting-star, a trail 
(of fire). 

faxo, see facio. 

febris, -is, [akin to Iferveo], f., a 
fever, fever. 

fecundo (foe-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [ffecundo-], . 1. v. a, ferti- 
lize. 

fecundus, (foe-), -a, -um, [ffe 
(stem or root of ffeo) + cundus], 
adj., productive, fruitful, fertile, 
prolific. — Fig., fertile, ingenious • 
pectus. — Actively, fertilizing : 
imbres. 

fel, fellis, [akin to Gr. x^os~\, n., 
gall. — Less exactly, of bitter 
things : veneni {bitter essence). 
— Fig., anger (supposed to be 
connected with a state of the bile, 
cf. "melancholy"), fury, bitter 
hatred. 

felix, -Icis, [akin to feo, fecun- 
dus], adj., fruitful, productive, 
rich, prolific : limus* ; sylvae ; 
oliva; Massica Baccho. — Less 
exactly, auspicious, favorable : 
auspicia ; sis felix ; Zephyri 
{favoring) ; dies ; hostia. — Pass- 
ively, blest, happy, fortunate, lucky: 
arma {successful) ; animae ; vi- 
vite felices ; morte tua. 

femina, (foe-), -a, -um, [ffe 
(stem or root of ffeo) + mina, cf. 
alumnus, columna], f., a wo- 
man.. — Of animals, a female, a 
mare. 

femineus, (foe-), -a, -um, [ffe- 
mina (reduced) + ens], adj., of a 
woman, female, feminine, woman- 
ly : manus ; nubes feminea tegat 

. {like a woman, as a cowardly 
means of defence). 

femur, -oris, [?], n., the thigh. 

fenestra, -ae, [?], f., a window 



io8 



Vocabulary. 



(opening for light). — Less exactly, 
an aperture, *a breach (in a wall) . 

fenllia, (foe-), -ium, [ffeno- (re- 
duced) + ilis, plu. of adj.], n., a 
hay-loft. 

feralis, -e, [?], adj., funereal: 
cupressi. — Less exactly, mourn- 
ful, dismal, ill-omened : carmen. 

ferax, -acis, [yfer-fax, cf. edax], 
adj., productive, fruitful. 

fere, [?], adv., almost, nearly, 
about. — generally, for the most 
part, usually. 

feretrum, -1, [ffere- (stem of fero, 
or noun-stem akin) + trum, but 
perh. borrowed, cf. Gr. <peperpov~\, 
n., a bier. 

ferina, see ferinus. 

ferinus, -a, -um, [f fero- (reduced) 
+ inus], adj., of beasts, of a beast 
(wild). — ferina (sc. caro), f., 
game, venison, &c. 

ferio, no perf., no sup., ferire^ [?], 
4. v. a., strike, beat, lash : terram 
pede equus {paw); velum pro- 
cella ; ora saxo. — Esp. of the 
effect, wound, pierce, kill : venam 
{ope 11) ; retinaculo ferro {ciit, 
sever) . — Fig. : aether a clamor. 
— Phrase : ferio foedus, make a 
treaty (prob. from killing a vic- 
tim). 

feritas, -tatis, [tfero + tas], f., 
wildness, fierceness. 

fermentum, -1, [yferv (in fer- 
veo) + mentum] , n., yeast, leaven. 

fero, tuli, latum, ferre, [^fer, 
cf. Gr. (pepco, Eng. bear, perf. y'tol 
(in tollo), p.p. ^/tla (collateral 
with y'tol), cf. r\rjfii], irr. v. a. 
and n., bear. 

1. Simply, bea?, carry, support, 
wear : vix illam famuli (of a 
weighty cuirass) ; flammas (torch- 
es); vestes;parmamhastamque; 
esseda collo (of a horse). — Fig. : 
nostrae secum omina mortis; 
genus incertumdepatre(^7<7/w) ; 
hanc spem tui {cherish) ; adver- 
sum pectus in hostem {wear a 
stout heart). — Esp. of the body 
. and its parts, hold, turn, carry : 



se talem Dido {appear such)-, 
sic oculos {such are the eyes) ; 
magna se mole {rear enormous 
bulk) ; caput iuvencus {hold its 
head). — With idea of elevation, 
bear, raise, rear, lift : caelo capi- 
ta alta (of the Cyclops) ; subli- 
mem ad sidera Aenean. — Fig., 
raise, extol, laud: factis ai 
aethera Troiam; insigni laudo 
Teucros ; carmine facta. — Also, 
cf. tollo, raise (a cry). 

2. Of endurance (as in Eng.), 
beqr, endure, tolerate, suffer, sub- 
mit to, brook, put tip with: labo- 
rem; frena (of a horse); non 
tulit {could 710 1 brook) . 

3. With idea of motion, bear, 
carry, convey, bring : cineres fo- 
ras ; stabulis ignem {set) ; ma- 
num ad volnus {put to, place 
on) ; seges feratur {transpla?it) ; 
equo ferri {ride) ; equis auriga 
{drive)-, fertur equis {drag). — 
Less exactly, throw, aim : tela ; 
saxum ; plagam. : — Fig., bear, 
bring, carry, render, afford : prae- 
mia digna {bestow) ; auxilium 
Priamo; fama salutem ; soni- 
tum venti ad litora ; vox fertur 
ad aures; carmina per orbem 
{spread)-, vim tela {offer); la- 
tum ; gloria laudem ; sidera 
caelo dextra {set) ; viam vento 
facilem {grant) ; fidem vetus- 
tas ; omnia sub auras {disclose) ; 
sitim morbosque {brings cause, 
cf. 4). — Esp. of religious offer- 
ings and acts, bear, offer, render, 
perform, utter : sacra ; absenti 
inferias; Iunoni preces. — Esp. 
also of words, messages, &c. : re- 
sponsa regi ; iussa ; haec Asca- 
nio ; fama victorem Pallanta 
{report that) ; quae signa {show, 
of prophetic doves) ; casum por- 
tenta (forbode) ; quae ferimus 
{-what we propose) ; ' quidve ferat 
{what is his purpose) . — From the 
last use, absolutely, report, say, 
tell : ita senes ; ferebatur sa- 
crasse; ferunt {they say); fer- 



Vocabulary. 



109 



tur (it is said) ; se de gente 
Amyci (boast, claim). — Also of 
destiny, ordain, order, assign : sic 
fata ; quid fortuna populi ; ca- 
sas apibus. 

4. Of natural growth, bear, gen- 
erate, produce, yield, give birth to ; 
mala quercus ; monstra pontus ; 
me Troia. — Fig. (but cf. 3), 
cause, give, afford : taeda lumen ; 
scabiem glacies. 

5. Less exactly, of any enforced 
motion, drive, bear on, turn, lead, 
urge on : flamina classem ; fer- 
te rates (of rowers); ferimur 
procella; illam impetus (send*) ; 
caede ferri (be carried away) ; 
quos dolor in hostem (incite) ; 
in bella urbes (rouse) ; feror in- 
censafuriis(&? driven madly on) ; 
veri vana feror (be led on) ; fa- 
tis incerta (be urged on) ; metum 
ad moenia (spread alarm) ; tur- 
bo fertur (whirl on) ; prdna 
aqua fertur (float dozen) ; iter 
(speed a course) ; gressum (hold, 
turn) ; via fert ; signa ad spe- 
luncam (point)-, hue ora et il- 
luc (turn, cf. 3) ; caelo animum 
(in hope) ; pedem domum (turn 
the steps) . — So in special phrases : 
msimim, join (cf. " bear a hand"); 
pedem, ply the foot (in the dance) ; 
signa, charge, join battle, move 

forzvard ; obvius(obviam), meet; 
obvia arma (meet the foe) . — Esp. 
with reflexive, or in pass, with mid- 
dle sense, be borne on, be driven, 
proceed, rtish, go, advance : me 
extra tecta (come forth) ; furiata 
mente ferebar; sese obvia ocu- 
lis (offer, show) ; sese halitus 
(rise)-, solus ego in Pallanta 
(assail) ; se ad auras (soar) ; 
saltu (leap, spring) ; quo feror ; 
quo se ferret ; ferimur (wander, 
cf. first examples under 5). 

6. Of motion from -a place, bear 
away, carry off (both in bad and 
good sense) : unda te mersum; 
te fata (take off, destroy) ; ex- 
stinctum Daphnim {remove by 



death) ; secum maria (of the 
winds) ; venti gaudia ; hiems 
culmum ; pedum Antigenes 
(get) ; praemia ferunt (receive) ; 
talentum ferre (have) ; aetas 
omnia (obliterates) . — Esp. : ra- 
pio et fero, pillage and plunder. 

— Less common uses, prob. conn, 
with 3, suggest, prompt : ita cor- 
de voluntas. — Orig. as a mer- 
cantile term, account, deeni, hold : 
feretur fama levis ; horrendum. 

— Of continuance, prolong, per- 
pettiate : vivus per ora feretur 

(immortalize) ; ludum in lucem ; 
fama nomen per annos. — fe- 
rens, -entis, p. as adj., favorable 
(cf. 5) : ventus. 

Feronia, -ae, [?], f., a goddess 
honored with a grove and foun- 
tain near Terracina. 

ferox, -ocis, [stem akin to ferus, 
in 6 (cf. aegrotus) + cus (re- 
duced, cf. edax, felix)J, adj., 
wild, fierce, savage, spirited (of 
a horse), angry (of a snake). — ■ 
Also, in an indifferent or good 
sense, zvarlike, courageous, exult- 
ant, proud. 

ferratus, -a, -um, [fferro- (re- 
duced) + atus (cf. auratus)], 
adj., iron-shod, iron-bound, ironed: 
calx (spur-bound) ; capistra 
(spiked muzzles) ; orbes (iron- 
bound wheels) . 

ferreus, -a, -um, [fferro (reduced) 
+ eus], adj., of iron, iron : seges 
(of spears) ; gens (the iron age) ; 
vox (brazeii voice) ; progenies 
(of the iron age). — Fig 1 ., iron- 
hearted, inexorable : iura(^^r^). 

— Poetically, somnus (iron, with 
no awakening) ; imber (iron 
hail). . 

ferrugineus, -a, -um, [fferrugin 
-feus], adj., (rusty), dark blue, 
dusky. (Apparently a dark gray 
or purple, though named from the 
color of iron rust): hyacinthi ; 
cymba (of Charon's boat). 

ferriigo, -inis, [stem akin to fer- 
ritin + unc. term., cf. caligo], f., 



no 



Vocabulary. 



iron rust. — Also (cf. ferru- 
*gineus), a dark purple, dark 
gray ?, dark blue ?, a murky hue 
(of the sun in an eclipse) : ferru- 
gine clarus Ibera (the color of 
burnished iron, purple ?) . 

ferrum, -I, [?], n., iron, steel. — 
Less exactly, as in English, of tools 
or weapons of iron, a sword, a 
ploughshare, an arroiv, a knife, 
an axe, the steel (as in English), 
the iron (of a spear or arrow) : 
cedite ferro {the sword) ; ferrum 
lacessere; absistere ferro {ab- 
stain from war') ; amor ferri 
{love of arms). 

fertilis, -e,. [fferto- (lost p.p. of 
fero) + lis (cf. fero)], ad]., fer- 
tile, fruitful, productive : seges 
iuvencis; Ausonia. 

ferula, -ae, [?], f., fennel. 

ferns, -a, -urn, [?], adj., wild (un- 
tamed, undomesticated), unculti- 
vated: capri; fructus; montes. 
— Fig., wild, rude, savage, fierce, 
cruel. — Also, in a good sense (cf. 
saevus), fierce, warlike, impetu- 
ous. — Masc. and fern., a wild 
beast, game (deer, &c), a horse. 

ferveo, -bul, no sup., -vere, (also 
-ere, as if fervo), [ffervo- (cf. 
fervidus)], 2. v. n., be hot : fer-* 
ventes rotae {heated), — boil, 
seethe (as waves, &c.) : aequor ; 
omnia vento nimbisque {seethe 
and eddy). — Fig., be alive (of 
busy action), be hi a turmoil: 
Marte Leucatem {in the tur- 
moil of war) ; litora flammis 
{in seething flame) ; opus {be all 
alive) ; opere semita {teem with 
busy work) ; hostem caede {be on 
fire). 

fervidus, -a, -um, [ffervo- (cf. 
ferveo) -f dus], adj., hot, glowing, 
seething. — Fig., glowing, furious, 
ar (lent, fiery : ira. 

fervo, see ferveo. 

fervor, -oris, [^/ferv (cf. fer- 
veo)], m., heat. — Fig., fury. — 
Plur., summer, summer heats. 

Fescennlnus, -a, -um, [fFescen- 



no- (reduced, cf. Porsenna)-f 
inus], adj., of Fescennia (a town 
of Etruria), Fescennine. 

fessus, -a, -um, [?, akin to fatis], 
adj., weary, tired, worn out, spent, 
exhausted. — Poetically : naves 
(as if personified) ; res {shattered 
fortunes) . 

festlno, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffes- 
tino-], I. v. n., make haste, hasten, 
— With cog. ace: fugam; iussa. 

festlnus, -a, -um, [ffesti-, in con- 
festim (with lengthened i, cf. 
Portunus) + nus], adj., hasty, 
in haste, speedy. 

festus, -a,- -umi [p.p. of unc. root], 
adj., festal, festive, sacred, holy : 
frons; dies {festival). 

fetura (foe-), -ae, [ffetu (with 
lengthened u, cf. Portunus) + 
ra (f. of rus)], f., breeding, bear- 
ing. — Concretely, offspring, in- 
crease. 

fetus (foe-), -tus, [V*" e n tfeo) 
+ tus], m., bearing, breeding. — 
Concretely, offspring, brood, litter, 
young. — Less exactly, fruit, crop, 
produce. 

fetus (foe-),- -a, -um, [p.p. of 
ffeo], as adj., pregnant, breeding, 
delivered r vaccae {after calv- 
ing) ; lupa {with young) . — Fig., 
teeming. — Fern., pregnant sheep 
or goats, yeani?ig animals (just 
delivered) . « 

f Ibra, -ae, [ ?, perh. akin to filum], 
f., a fibre, a filament. — Esp., in 
plur., of the liver, parts (of the 
liver), the liver. — Less exactly, 
the entrails, the inwards. 

fibula, -ae, [ ^/fig + bula (f. ' of 
bulus), but cf. filum (?)], f., a 
buckle, a clasp, a brooch. 

fictor, -oris, [ ^/fig (in fingo) + 
tor], m., a fashioner, a contriver, 
a deviser: fandi {trickster in 
speech) . 

fictus, -a, -um, p.p. of fingo. 

fidelis, -e, [fide + lis], adj. Of 
persons, faithful, ' trusty. — Of 
things, trusty, trustworthy. 

Fidena, -ae, (also plur.), [?], f., a 



Vocabulary. 



in. 



town of Latium, five miles north 
of Rome (now Castel Giubileo). 

f Idens, p. of lido. 

fides, -ei, [y'iid (akin to ireidcv) -f 
es], f., faith, good faith, loyalty, 
faithfulness, honor, honesty : fide 
expertus ; intemerata ; si qua 
fides ; cineri promissa. — Also, 
credibility, trustworthiness, -truth : 
manifesta ; nusquam tut a, — 
Less exactly, the sign of faith, a 
pledge, a promise, promised zuord : 
en dextra fidesque ; accipe da- 
que ; fidem servare. — Trans- 
ferred, confidence, trust, reliance, 
belief, assurance, hopes : fides 
pelago; prisca fides facto; nee 
vana fides. — Personified, Good 
Faith: 

fides, -is, [?, cf. Gr. <j<p'ihy\\, f., a 
string (of the lyre). — In plur., a 
lyre. 

fldo, flsus, fidere, [V n d> c ^- 
fides, fidus], 3. v. n., trust, con- 
fide in, have confidence : terrae 
(of landing) ; committere pug- 
nam (venture) . — fidens, -entis, 
p. as adj., trustful, confident, bold. 

flducia, -ae, [ffiduco (reduced, cf. 
caducus) + ia (cf. fldo)], f., 
confidence, courage, trust, reliance, 
presumption : generis (confidence 
hi lineage) ; quae (on what his 
reliance) ; quae sit rebus (what 
reliance is to be placed) ; rerum 
(confidence in). 

fidus, -a, -um, [V n( * (cf. fides, 
fido) + us J, adj., faithful, trusty. 
— Of things, trustworthy : statio ; 
litora; responsa. 

figo, fixl, fixum, figere, [ V n o' 
perh. akin to crQiyyco^, 3. v. a., 
fasten, fix (esp. by piercing), hang 
up : humo plantas (set) ; arma 
thalamo (hang tip) ; leges (hang 
up tablets, make laTus). — Less 
exactly and fig., fix, attach, fasten, 
plant, set firmly : fixos tenebat 
oculos ; in virgine voltus (fix) ; 
vestigia (plant).; oscula (im- 
print) ; dicta animis (let sink 
deeply)-, fixa dolore (transfixed) ; 



sub pectore taedas (plant) ; 
fixum animo (a deep-set pur- 
pose) . — Of the process, pierce, 
transfix, shoot (with spear or ar- 
row), hit, bring down, kill: ve- 
rubus viscera (stick on) ; arun- 
dine malum. — f ixus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., firm, resolute, tw- 
in oved. 

figura, -ae, [ffigu- (Vng + u, u 

lengthened as in Portunus) + ra 

(f. of rus), cf. fingo], f., form, 

figure. — Concretely, a shape, an 

apparition, a phantom. 

filia, -ae, [f. of filius], f., a 
da ughter. 

filius, -1 (-il), [?, pern, akin to 
ffeo], m., a son. 

filix, -icis, [?], i.,fcrn. 

filum, -I, [?, perh. akin to fibra], 
n., a thread. — Esp., the thread of 
the Parcae (of life or fate) . 

fimus, -1 (-um, -I), [?], in. (n.), 
filth, ordure, mud, dung. 

findo, fidi, fissum, findere, [?], 
3. v. a., split, cleave : finditur via 
cuneis (a way is cloven) ; arva 
(crack, of the heat). — Pig., di- 
vide, separate : se via in ambas 
partes. 

fingo, finxf, fictum, fingere, 
[^/fig, cf. Qiyyavoo, Eng. doug/i], 
3. v. a., fashion (orig. of clay), 
form, mould, shape: tecta (of 
bees) ; corpora lingua (of the 
she-wolf, cf. " lick into shape " of 
the bear); vitem (train); cri- 
nem (arrange, by stroking). — 
Fig., train, subdue: corda (of 
the Sibyl). — Transferred to men- 
tal action, frame, contrive, devise, 
invent, fancy, imagine; feign, 
pretetid. 

flnio, -IvI (-il), -Itum, -ire, 
[ffini-], 4. v. a., limit, bound, put 
an end to, end. 

finis, -is,[ ?], cemm., an end, a limit, 
a bound. — Esp. in plur., borders, 
region, country. — Poetically, of 
the starting-point of a race, bar- 
riers ; and of the end, the goal. 

fmitimus, -a, -um, [ffini + timus, 



112 



Vocabulary, 



cf. maritimus, intimus], adj., 
bordering upon, neighboring. — 
Masc, a neighbor (esp. in plur.).. 

flo, see facio. 

firmatus, -a, -um ; see firmo. 

firmo, -avi, -atum, -are, [t fir- 
mo-], I. v. a., make strong, 
strengthen, fortify : vires(foster) ; 
vestigia (steady) ; firmata aetas 
(as adj., mature age). — Fig., con- 
firm, ratify, reassure. 

firmus, -a, -um, [yto (f° rm of 
dhar, hold) + mus], adj., steady, 
firm, solid, strong, lasting: du- 
rissima vina (best keeping). — 
Fig., stout, strong, abiding, reso- 
lute : pectus; foedus(£<W, valid). 

fiscella, -ae, [ffisculo- (reduced, 
cf. fiscus) + lus (2d dim)], f., a 
basket. 

fiseina, -ae, [ffisco- (stem of fis- 
cus) + na (f. of -rms)], f., a basket. 

fissilis, -e, [f fisso + lis] , adj ., cleave- 
able, split. 

fissus, -a, -um ; see findo. 

fistula,, -ae, [?], f., a pipe. — Less 
exactly, the pipe (of several reeds 
joined), a shepherd' s-pipe. 

f Ixus, -a, -Uiii, p.p. of figo. 

flabrum, -i, [y'fla (in flo) -f 
brum], n., a blast, a breeze. 

flagellum, -i, [fnagro- (reduced, 
cf. ager) -j- lum (n. of lus)], n., 
a whip, a scourge, a lash. — Less 
exactly, a thong (cf. amentum) . 
— Poetically, a switch, a shoot (of 
a vine). 

flagito, -avi, -atum, -are, [f fla- 
gito- (p.p. of fflago, cf. fiagrum, 
flagro)], 1. v. a., {insist hotly), 
demand. 

flagrans, p. of flagro. 

flagro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffla- 
gro, stem of flagrum (y / flag + 
rum, n. of rus)], 1. v. n., burn, 
blaze, glozv, sparkle, shine. — Fig. 
(cf. ferveo), glow, be active, be 
vehement. — flagrans, -antis, p. 
as adj., blazing, shining, bright, 
ardent, glowing, raging: genas 
{burning, with blushes); voltus 
{beaming). 



flamen, -inis, [ffla + irien], n ., a 
blast, a gale, a breeze. 

flamma, -ae, [y'flag (cf. ^Aeyw) 
-f ma], f., a flame, a fire. — Poeti- 
cally, a fiery brand, a fia?ning 
torch, a blazing pyre, a burning 
altar, a blaze (in the heaven), fire 
(of vengeance), fire or fiai?ie % (of 
flashing eyes,) fire (of Jove, the 
lightning) . — Fig. (cf. ardeo, fla- 
gro), fire (of love, or passion), 
love, passion, desire, heat, fury. 

flammans, p. of flammo. 

flammatus, -a, -um, p.p. of flam- 
mo. 

flammeus, -a, -um, [fflamma- 
(reduced)-j-eus], adj., fiery, flash- 
ing : lumina. 

flammo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f flam- 
ma-], I. v. a. and n., set on fire. 
— Fig., inflame, fire. — Neut., be 
on fire, be ablaze. — flammans, 
-antis, p. as adj., fiery, blazing: 
lumina. — flammatus, -a, -um, 
p.p., i?ifianied > infuriated. 

flatus, -tus, [-y/fLa, (in flo) + tus], 
m., (a blowing), a breath, a blast : 
equorum (snorting). — Fig., from 
the " breath of scorn," pride, ar- 
rogance, scorn. 

flavens, -entis, p. of flaveo. 

flaveo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[fflavo-], 2. v. n., be yellow. — 
flavens, -entis, p. as adj., yel- 
low, golden, auburn : prima la- 
nugine (blooming). 

flavesco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 
[fflave- (stem of flaveo) + sco], 
« 3. v. i\., grow yellow, whiten. 

Flavinius -a, -um, [fFlavino- 
(reduced) + ius], adj., Flavinian 
(of a qity or region of Etruria, 
otherwise unknown) : arva. 

flavus, -a, -um, [?], adj., yellow, 
golden, golden-haired, yellowish 
gray, pale green : oliva. 

flecto, flexi, flexum, flectere, 
[unc. root + to], 3. v. a., bend, 
turn, plait: crates. — Less ex- 
actly, turn, guide : viam velis ; ■ 
iuvencos (drive) ; iuga habenis ; 
habenas. — With reflexive (some- 



Vocabulaiy. 



113 



times without, cf. verto), turn, 

incline. — Fig., bend, influence, 
persuade: precando fata {turn); 
fleetitur violentia {is appeased) ; 
ilium purpura regum {move, af- 
fect). — flexus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., curved, twining, flexible, bent. 

fleo, flevi, fletum, Here, [perh. 
akin to fluo], 2. v. n. and a., 
weep, shed tears. — Less "exactly, 
mourn, lament. — With ace. (cf. 
doleo), weep for, mourn, lament, 
bewail: Anchisen; rue disce- 
dere {my departtire) . 

fletus, -a, -uin, p.p. of fleo. 

fletus, -tus, (ffle- (as root) + tus, 
cf. fleo], m., a weeping, a wail, 
a flood of tea rs. 

flexilis, -e, [fflexo + lis], adj., flex- 
ible, bending. 

flexus, -a, -um, p.p. of flecto. 

flexus, -us, [^/flec + tus], m., a 
winding, bending. 

flictus, -tiis, [ ^/flig + tus] , m., a 
dashing, clashing of weapons. 

florens, p. of floreo. 

floreo, -rui, no sup., -rere, [fflos 
(for floseo)], 2. v. n., blossom, be 
in bloom. — Fig., flourish, be in 
prime, be prosperous. — Also, 
abotind (with the accessory notion 
of vigor or brilliancy) : Itala ter- 
ra viris {be strong in) ; studiis 
oti {be busy with). — Poetically, 
shine, be bright: aere catervae 
{glitter); limina sertis {bloom). 
— florens, -entis, p. as adj., 
bloom ing, flourish ing, blossom ing. 

floreus, -a, -um, [fflos -feus], 
adj., flowery, blooming. 

florus, -a, -um ; = floreus, read 
for flavus. ^En. ix. 605. 

flos, fioris, [ ^/Ho + as, cf . Gr. $\vca, 
Eng. bloom'], m., a flower, a blos- 
som. — Fig., the bloom, the prime, 
the flower (choicest part or time) : 
primaevo flore {in the first bloom 
cf youth) ; flos virum. — Poeti- 
cally, the dow7i (of early youth, cf. 
preceding example). 

fluctuo, -avl, -atum, -are, [ffluc- 
tu-], I. v. n., toss, ebb and flow. — 



Fig., ebb attd flow, waver, fluctu- 
ate : aestu curarum {be tossed by, 
changing the point of view) ; aere 
tellus {gleams with waves of shin- 
ing bronze) ; ira intus {seethe) ; 
amor irarum aestu {alternate 
with a tide). 
fluctus, -us, [v nu (g) ( c ^- con " 
fluges) -f- tus], m., a wave, a tide. 

— Less exactly, the sea, water. — 
Fig. (as in Eng.), a wave (of pas- 
sion, <Scc), a tide, a flood : irarum. 

fluens, -entjs, p. of fluo. 
fluentum, -1, [f fluent- (cf. fluo) 

+ um. (or in its original form, cf. 

argentum)],n.,<z sir earn, a river. 
fluidus, -a, -um, [ffluo- (cf. cir- 

cumfluus) + dus], adj., flowing, 

liquid. 
fluito, -avl, -atum, -are, [ffluito- 

(stem of supposed or real p.p. of 

fluo, cf. agito)], i.v. tv., flow. — 

Less exactly, float, drift. 
flumen, -inis, [vfl u (lengthened, 

cf. numen, perh. with stem for 

root, cf. fluito) + men], n., a 

river, a stream, water (of a river) . 

— Less exactly, of the river-god, 
of tears {flood), of sweat, of blood. 

fluo, fluxi, fluxum, fluere, [ V UU T 
(flu with parasitic g, cf. fruor)], 
3. v. n.,flozy, run : auro (of gold 
in rivers, flozv with golden sand). 
— Transferred, of the source, flow 
with, drip, run with : ora tabo ; 
vites Baccho {stream with). — 
Less exactly, of things not fluid, 
flow, float, stream, glide, pour: 
olli ad regia {flock) ; vestis ad 
pedes. — Poetically, fall loosely, 
fall lifeless, droop, fail. — flu- 
ens, -entis, p.'as adj., flowing, 
loose, unrestrained, luxuriant : 
vites ; coma {dishevelled) . — 
fluxus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
loose, failing : res {feeble power). 

fluvialis, -e, [tfluvio- (reduced) -f 
alis], adj., of a river. 

fluvius, -1 (-ii), [ffluo- (cf. flui- 
dus) -f ius], m., a river, a stream. 

— Less exactly, water (for irriga- 
tion). 



114 



Vocabulary. 



fhixus, -a, -um, p.p. of fluo. 

focus, -I, [perh. akin to fcrveo], 
m., a hearth, a fireplace, a chim- 
ney, a brazier (small hearth for 
fire). — Fig., the hearth (as an 
emblem of home), the fireside, the 
household hearth. — Poetically, a 
pyre, a funeral pile, an altar (the 
brazier often being set on a tripod 
and Used as an altar. See A. & G. 
Virg., Fig. 90). 

fodio, fodi, fossum, fodere, 
[^/fod, of unc. connection], 3. v. a., 
dig, prick, pierce ' calcaribus ar- 
mos ; humum. — Also (as in 
Eng.), of the result, dig (make by 
digging) : cubilia talpae ; sub 
terra larem. 

foecundo, see fee-. 

foecundus, see fee-. 

foedatus, -a, -um, p.p. of foedo. 

foede [abl. of foedus], adv., foully, 
horribly, cruelly. — Also (cf. foe- 
dus), basely, shamefully . 

foedo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffoedo-], 
I. v. a., make hideous, befoul, dis- 
figure, lacerate, spoil: unguibus 
ora ; pectora pugnis ; latebras 
ferro {desecrate, prob. with refer- 
ence to the sanctity of the object 
attacked) ; ferro volucres {cut 
in pieces) . — Fig., pollute, defile. 

foedus, -a, -um, [?], adj., foul, 
filthy. — Of moral qualities, foul, 
horrible, dreadful, base, vile . foe- 
dissime(miserable coward) ; tem- 
pestas; ministeria. 

foedus, -eris, [V n( ^ ( m fides, 
strengthened) + us], n. Of na- 
tions or kings, a treaty, a compact, 
ait alliance, a Jruce. — Less ex- 
actly, of individuals, a bargain, 
an agreement, a contract, a pledge 
(mutual), a compact (esp. of mar- 
riage). — Also, a bond (ordained 
by a superior) , a condition, terms : 
tyranni {conditions imposed by) ; 
. certo foedere {by fixed laws)-, 
aequo foedere aniantes {on equal 
terms) . 

foemina, see fern-, the proper 
spelling. 



foemineus, -a, -um; see fern-, 

the proper spelling. 

foenlle, see fen-. 

foetura, see fet-. 

foetus, -tus ; see fet-. 

foetus, -a, -um ; see fet-. 

folium, -1 (-ii), [cf. Gr. §v\Xov\, n., 
a leaf {of a. tree or of paper), foliage. 

follis, -is,-[?], m., a bag. — a pair 
of bellows, bellozas. 

f omes, -itis, [perh. akin to foveo, 
unc. form], m., dry fuel. 

f ons, fontis, [unc. root -f tis (re- 
duced)], m., a spring, a' fountain. 

— Less exactly, water, pure wa- 
ter : Avernus {lake) ; irriguus 
{stream). 

ffor, fatus, farl, [yfa, akin to 
<prj/uLi'], I. v. dep., speak, say, tell, 
relate, foretell, predict. — fandus, 
-a, -um, ger. p., to be spoken. — 
Neut., right (opp. to nefandum). 

— fando, ger., by report : fandi 
doctissima (in speech) ; mollia 
fatu ( pleasing to say) . See fatum. 

foras [ace. plur. of ffora-, akin to 
foris], adv., (to the doors), out of 
doors, forth, out. 

forceps, -cipis, [ffor- (stem akin 
to fornax) + ceps ( ^/cap as stem, 
cf. princeps)], m. and f., tongs, 
phicers. 

fore, see sum. 

forem, see sum. 

foris, -is, [y/for (akin, to 6vpa, 
Eng. door) + is], f., a door. — 
Plur., doors, a door (double), the 
folds (of a door). — Less exactly, 
. e7itrance, opening, door (of a hive, 
&c). 

forma, -ae, [v^ or (J- E. dhar, 
in firmus?) -(- ma], f., form, fig- 
tire, shape, appearance : aratri ; 
rerum. — Esp., fine form (cf. fa- 
des), beauty : forma insignis. — 
Concretely, a form, figure, vision, 
apparition. — Fig., species, form, 
kind, nature : scelerum. 

formica, -ae, [unc. stem in i + ca 
(f. of cus)], f., an ant. 

formidatus, -a, -um, p.p. of for- 
mido. 



Vocabulary. 



US 



formido, -dinis, [fformido- (unc. 
stem, cf. formido, perh. akin to 
formus ?) + o (cf. eupido)], f., 

fear (generally violent), dread, 
• terror, alarm : nigra {awful 
gloom)', formidine capti {seized 
with a panic). — Concretely, an 
alarm ? (a line of feathers to 
frighten game). — Personified, Ter-. 
ror. 

formido, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffor- 
mido- (cf. eupes, eupido, and 
formido], I. v. a., dread. 

for mo, -a vi, -atum, -are, [ffor- 
ma-], I. v. a., form, fashion, build: 
classem. — Less exactly, of living 
beings, train. . 

formosus (old, .formonsus), -a, 
-um, [fforma- (reduced) +osus], 
adj., beautiful, lovely (usually of 
human beings). — Poetically, of 
things: annus; pedum; pecus 
{handsome). 

fornax, -aeis, [fforno- (reduced), 
akin to formus, + ax], f., a fur- 

, nace, (for melting metal), a forge. 
— Poetically (cf. Aetna and ca- 
mina), of the supposed workshop 
of Vulcan in .Etna. 

fornix, -Icis, [akin to fornax], 
m., an arch. — Less exactly, of a 
rock. 

fors, ffortis, (abl. forte), [ ^/fer + 
tis (reduced)], f., chance, hazard, 
fortune. — Xom. (sc. est or sit, 
there is a chance), equal to an adv., 
perhaps, may be, possibly. — Abl. 
forte, by chance, as it happened . 
ne forte {lest one should happen 
to) ; si forte {if by any chance) ; 
quae forte paratae {happened to 
be, &c.) : forte fuit {there chanced 
to be) ; forte sua {by pure chance, 
with perhaps a reminiscence of the 
etymological meaning, cf. fero). 

forsan [fors an, a chance whether, 
cf. fors and forsitan], adv., per- 
haps, it may be. 

forsitan [fors sit an, it may be a 
chance whether i cf. fors], adv., 
perhaps, possibly, mayhap. 

fortasse [ ?, forte in unc. combina- 



tion, perh. sis (sivis)?], adv., 
perhaps, possibly, it may be. 

forte, see fors. 

fortis, -e, [for foretis, y'forc (root 
akin to -^for in forma) -f tis] , 
adj., strong, sturdy, hardy, vigor- 
ous, stalwart. — Of mental quali- 
ties, valiant, brave, steadfast, un- 
daunted : Achates (a standing epi- 
thet, weakened almost to worthy) ; 
corda ; pectus. — Of things, in 
both senses above, stout, sturdy, 
b;;ave, valiant : facta ; rami ; 
humeri ; fortia surgunt {hardy, 
sturdy) . 

fortuna, -ae, [lost stem f fortu- (cf. 
fors) + na (cf. Vacuna, Por- 
tunus)], f., fortune, chance, haz- 
ard, destiny, fate: siqua super 
fortuna laborum est {necessity 
of toil). — Esp. in good sense, 
good fortune, success, opportunity, 
chance : si modo sequatur ; for- 
tuna fuit {glory) ; populi {in- 
terest) ; sortitus fortunam ocu- 
lis ; quae dabatur {chance of 
success) ;quaecumque . . .fidesque 
{fortune and hope). — In bad 
sense, fortune, fate, ill luck : mea 
me victam clocere dolere. — 
Half personined,_/Z?rto«<? : aspirat 
labori ; ndem novavit. — Fully 
personified, Fortune. 

fortunatus, -a, -um, p.p. of for- 
tuno^ 

fortuno, -avi, -atum, -are, [t for- 
tuna-], i. v. a., make fortunate, 
bless. — fortunatus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., fortunate, blest, favored 
(by fortune), happy. 

Forull, -drum, [prob. dim. of 
for us], m. plur., a Sabine town 
of Samnium. 

forum, -1, [akin to forus, foris], 
n., {an open passage ?), a market- 
place. — Esp., the Forum (orig. 
market-place at Rome, place of 
assembly for the people, and of all 
public business). — Fig., an assem- 
bly (of the people), the people (as 
a political body). 

forus, -1, [akin to forum, foris], 



n6 



Vocabulary. 



m., a gangway (in a ship, not ap- 
parently from one deck to another, 
as with us, but open spaces in the 
ship not occupied by the rowers, 
cf. forum) : laxat foros {holt/, 
" standing-room " ?) ; iniplesse 
flammis {decks) . — Poetically, cells 
(of a beehive) . 

fossa, -ae, [y'fod + ta, f. of p.p. of 
fodio, perh. with omitted noun], 
f., a ditch (for defence or farming), 
a xiyke, a trench. 

fossor, -oris, [ ^/fod -f tor] , m^, a 
ditcher. 

fotus, -a, -um, p.p. of foveo. 

fovea, -ae, [akin to foveo (?), 
perh. ofig. a cellar to keep things 
from cold, cf. the treatment of po- 
tatoes], f., a pit. 

foveo, f ovi, f otum,f overe, [ffovo- 
(akin to favus, favilla)], 2. v. a., 
keep warm, brood: progeniem. 

— Transferred (perh. derived from 
brooding of fowls), embrace,' fon- 
dle, caress, nurse ; colla {sup- 
port) ; germanam amplexa sinu ; 
hiemem inter se {spend in dal- 
liance) . — Fig., cherish, foster, pro- 
mote : Romanos; bella ; hoc reg- 
num gentibus esse {cherish the 
purpose, helping it on) ; famam. 

— Also, cling to, love : humum ; 
castra (cf. "hug the fire"). — 
As medical term, foment (cf. fo- 
mentuin), bathe, treat (medical- 
ly), apply (anything to) : ora 
{rinse) ; f ovens circum ; volnus 
lympha. 

fractus, -a, -um, p.p. of frango. 

fraenum, see frenum, the better 
spelling. 

fraenl, see frenum. 

fraeno, see freno. 

fragilis, -e, [ffrago- (cf. navi- 
fragus) + lis], adj., brittle, fra- 
gile, frail, delicate. — Also (cf. 
fragor), crackling (of a sound 
like breaking). 

f ragmen, -inis, [ v /frag+ men], 
n., a fragment, a broken piece. 

f ragmentum, -1, [ ^/fv&g + men- 
turn], n., a fragment, a brokejipiece. 



fragor, -oris, [^/frag-f- or], m., a 

breaking.. — Of a sound like break- 
ing, a crash, a dashing, a rattling, 
an uproar, a din, a sound of 
mourning (fr. the beating of the 
breast, cf. plango), applause (by 
clapping of hands), a crackitig, a 
report. 

fragosus, -a, -um, [ffrago- (re- 
duced, cf. navifragus) + osus], 
adj., crashing (cf. fragor), roar- 
ing, noisy. 

fragrans, p. of fragro. 

fragro, -avi, no sup., -are, [f fra- 
gro- (unc. root+rus), cf. fra- 
gum)], I. v. n., smell sweet. — 
fragrans, -antis, p. as adj., fra- 
grant, szveet smelling. 

fragum, -1, [unc. root (cf. fragro) 
+ um], n., a strawberry. 

frango, fregl, fractum, fran- 

gere, [V^ ra &]' 3- v * a -' b rea -> 
break up, break off, shatter, crush, 
pulverize, crunch. — Esp. of ships, 
wreck. — Fig., break down, crush, 
wear out, baffle. — fractus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., broken, shat- 
* tered, shivered, crushed : cacu- 
mina ; vires ; opes ; unda {break- 
ing) ; res ; voces. 

frater, -tris, [cf. (ppdrrjp, clans- 
man, Eng. brother, ^/fra (akin to 
fer?) + ter (cf. pater), m., a 
brother. 

fraternus, -a, -um, [f frater- (not 
syncopated) + nus], adj., of a 
brother, a brother\s, fraternal. — 
Less exactly, of a mate : fraterna 
morte (of a bullock). 

fraudo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[f fraud-], I. v. a., defraud, de- 
prive of. 

f raus, f raudis, [akin to frustum, 
frustra], f., loss, discomfiture, 
mischief,* damage : quis deus in 
frandem egit {rui?i). — Also, 
deceit, wiles, a stratagem, decep- 
tion, a trick, treachery, wicked- 
ness : innexa client! ; caeli se- 
reni ; fraudi accomoda vallis 
{ambush) ; loci et noctis {treach- 
erous advantage) . 



Vocabulary. 



117 



fraxineus, -a, -um,[ffraxin6- (re- 
duced) + ens], adj., ashen, of ash, 

fraxinus, -1, [?], f., an ask (cf. 
ornus, the mountain-ash). 

fremitus, -us, [tfremi- (stem of 
fremo) + tus], m., a roaring, a 
roar, a murmur. — Of many sim- 
ilar noises, a buzzing^ a neighing, 
the noise of battle, 

fremo, -ui, -itum, -ere, f^frem 
(cf. /tye'/itw)], 3. v, n. and a,, mur- 
mur, roar, shout, cry, howl (of 
winds), ?ieigh (of horses); arma 
{cry for) ; Euoe Bacche, fre- 
mens. — Transferred, of the place 
where noise is produced, resound, 

■ re-echo : ululatu tecta ; ripae 
undis (murmur) ; via plausu. — 
Esp., murmur assent or approval. 
— Fig., (howl zvith rage), rage, 
rave, be wild, exult. — fremens, 
-entis, p. as adj., fierce, wild, 
spirited (of a horse), neighing. 

fremor, -oris, £frem + or (cf. 
fremo)], m., a murmur, a roar. 

frendo, no perf., fresum (f res- 
sum), frendere, £?], 3. v. h., 
gnash the teeth. 

fremitus, -a, -um, p.p. of freno. 

fren5, -avi, -atum, -are,[ffren6-], 
I. v. a., curb, restrain, bridle. — 
Also fig. (as in English). — Poeti- 
cally, of water, check, stay : cur- 
sus aquarum. — fremitus, -a, 
-um, p.p. (or formed from f freno- 
like auratus), bridled, furnished 
with bridles. 

frenum (frae-), -i, (pi. also -i, 
-orum), n. and m., a bridle, a 
bit, reins: frenis immissis (at 
full speed, cf. habenae) . — Fig. : 
"frenum aecipere (submit to the 
rein, of a nation) ; ea frena 
farenti concutit (with such a 
powerful bit does he curb, &c). 

frequens, -entis, [orig. p. of lost 
verb, cf. farcio, (ppdaaco^, adj., 
crowded, in great numbers, plenty 
of, plenteous, very many, very 
much, numerous : socii ; telis (a 
shower of). — Of time, frequent, 
repeated, constant, incessant : cul- 



tu (constant). — Fig., abounding 
in, crowded with, full of: herbis 
campus. 

frequento, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[f frequent-], 1. v. a., crowd, peo- 
ple, inhabit. 

f return, -i, [?], n., a strait. — Less 
exactly, the sea, a river. 

fretus, -a, -um, [ yfbr (cf. forma, 
firmus)+tus, p.p.], adj., (sup- 
ported by), relying on, trusting to, 
confiding in, by means of 

frico, fricui, fricatum (fric- 
tum), fricare, [?], 1. v. a., rub : 
arbore eostas (rub tlie sides 
against a tree). 

frigens, -entis, p. of frigeo. 

frigeo, frixi, no sup., frigere, 
fffrigo- (cf. frigidus)], 2. v. n., 
be cold, be chilled: vires. — fri- 
ge ns, -entis, p. as adj., cold, 
stiff, lifeless. 

frigidus, -a, -um, [ffrigo- (cf. 
frigeo) $- dus], adj., cold, chill, 
cool, icy. — Esp. of death, fixed in 
death, in the chill of death: ille 
frigidus {that lifeless body). — 
Less exactly, growing chill (dying), 
benumbed, inactive, slow: dextera. 

frigus, -oris, [^/frig + us, cf. fri- 
geo], n., cold, chill, frost, winter, 
coolness, coolsliade. — In plur., with- 
out distinction of meaning, frosts, 
cold blasts. 

frondator, -toris, [f frond + at or, 
as if ffronda- (stem of supposed 
ffrondo) + tor, cf. viator], m., 
a vine-dresser, a leaf-gatherer. 

frondens, -entis, p. of frondeo. 

frondeo, no perf., no sup., fron- 
dere, [f frond- (as if frondo-)], 
2. v. n., put forth leaves, be in 
leaf: silvae (be in full foliage). 
— frondens, -entis, p. as adj., 
leafy, green,spriuging, luxuriant : 
hospitia (leafy retreats, hospita* 
ble shade). 

frondesco, frondui, no sup., 
frondescere, [ffronde- (stem of 
frondeo) + sco], 3. v. n., put 
forth leaves, leave out : virga me- ' 
tallo (spring). 



1 1-8 



Vocabulary. 



frondeus, -a, -um, [ f frond -f eus], 
adj., leafy. 

frondosus, -a, -um, [ffrond + 
osus], adj., leafy. 

frons, frondis, [?], f., a leaf 
leaves (collectively), foliage. — PL, 
leaves, foliage (often including the 
branches). 

frons, frontis, [cf. Gr. 6<ppvs, Eng. 
brow], f., the forehead, the brow, 
the face. — Esp. as showing the 
feelings : spem fronte serenat 
[smoothes his brow with feigned 
hope) ; haud laeta fronte {with 
no cheerful countenance*) . — Trans- 
ferred (as in Eng.), face, side: 
sub adversa fronte. — Less ex- 
actly, the horns, the head, the prow 
(of a ship) . 

fructus, -us, [ V^ ru S ( m fruor) 
-j- tus], m., (perh. orig. eating), 
the enjoying (of anything) . — Con- 
cretely, {food), fruit (more esp. 
in later Eng. sense, cf. fruges, 
grain). 

fruges, see frux. 

frumentum, -I, [V^ ru (s) ( c ^- 
fruor and fructus) + mentum], 
n., grain. — Plur., ears of grain. 

fruor, fructus (fruitus), frul, 

[V frU S ( cf « frilx )]» 3; V- de P-> 

(orig. eat}), consume (with notion 
of cheer and comfort) : partO 
agrieolae. — Fig., enjoy : luce ; 
sermone. 

frustra [case-form (abl.?) of ffrus- 
tro- (cf. frustra)], adv., in vain, 
to 110 purpose, uselessly, vainly. 

frustratus, -a, -um, p.p. of frus- 
tror. 

frustror, -atus, -ari, [ffrustro- 
{with loss ? or obstacle ?, cf . f raus) ] , 
I. v. dep., disappoint, deceive : 
meos vocatus (slight) ; hiantes 
clamor (fail). 

frustum, -i, [^/frud (in fraus) + 
turn (n. p.p. of lost verb, cutoff})'], 
n., a piece,, a bit, a morsel. 

frutex, -icis, [?], m., a shrub, a 
bush. 

ffrux, frfigis, fruge, and plur., 
[y^rug (strengthened), as stem, 



cf. fruor], f., (orig. food), fruit 
(usually of the earth, cf. fructus), 
grain. — Esp., meal (ground coarse 
for sacrificing) : salsae. — Also, a 
cake (baked) : medicatae (of the 
cake given to Cerberus). 

f ucatus, -a, -um, p.p. of fuco. 

Fucinus, -1, [fi. fuco- (cf. fucus, 
lichen) + nus], m., a lake among 
the Apennines (now Lago di Ce~ 
land). 

fuco, -avi, -atum, -are, [f i. fu- 
co-], I. v. a., paint, dye, color. 

1. fucus, -I, [?], m., a lichen (of a 
red color, used for a cosmetic and 

• dye). — Also, bee-glue. 

2. fucus, -I, [Gr. cpvKos], m., a drone. 
fuga, -ae, [V fu g ( cf - 9 r - *V7<t 

Eng. bow) + a], f., a flight, an 
escape. — Esp. of slaves, running 
away. — Also, a running, speed, a 
course. — Personified, Exile. 

fugatus, -a, -um, p.p. of fugo. 

f ugax, -acis, [as if fag -f ax, prob. 
f fuga -feus (reduced)], &&).,fly- 
ing (inclined or able to fteo), fleet, 
swift, rapid. — Less exactly, fly- 
ing (in act of flight), inflight. 

fugio, fugi, fugitum, fugere, 
[^/fug, cf. Gr. <p£vya>~], 3.V. a. and 
n., fly, escape, depart, recede. — 
Esp. in battle, flee, fly. — Less ex- 
actly, of mere motion, fly, speed, 
rush. — Esp., escape, fail (one). 

— Fig., pass away, speed on. — 
Act., fli^e from, fly from, escape, 

fly, avoid, refuse. 

fugo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffuga-], 
I. v. a., put to flight, drive away, 
drive. — Fig., chase, disperse, dis- 
pel.^ 

fulcio, fulsl, fultum, fulcire, 
[?, -y/fulc], 4. v. a., prop up, sup- 
port, sustain, secure. — fultus, 
-a, -um, p.p., supported, lying, 
resting, secured. 

fulcrum, -1, [^/fulc-f cram], n., 
a support, a prop, a post, a pillar. 

— Esp., a post, a leg (of a couch). 
falgeo, fulsl, no sup., fulgere 

(-ere as fr. fulgo), [akin to Gr. 
cpKeyw, ^/f\dg, cf. ^&xg (another 



Vocabulary. 



119 



form of same root)], 2. v. n., 
gleam, flash, shine, blaze, glare. — 

■ fulgens, -entis, p. as adj., bright, 
gleaming, glittering. 

fulgo, see fulgeo. 

fulgor, -oris, [yfulg (cf. fulgeo) 
+ or], m., a blaze, a flash, a glit- 
ter. — Less exactly, brightness, 
splendor. 

fulgur, -uris, [-^fulg, prob. f ful- 
go + rus (reduced)], n., a thun- 
derbolt, lightning. 

fulica, -ae, [?], f., a coot (a sea- 
bird). . 

faligo, -inis, [?, unc. stem + go, 
cf. caligo], f., soot. 

fulmen, -inis, [- v /fulg + men], n., 
a thunderbolt (conceived by the 
ancients as a missile weapon), 
lightning, a flash of lightning. — 
Poetically, of persons, thunderbolt 
(destroying agency in war). 

fulmineus, -a, -um, [ffulmin + 
eus], adj., like lightning, flashing : 
Mnestheus (cf. fulmen). 

fulmino, -avi, -atum, -are, [fful- 
min-], I. v. n., lighten, flash. — 
Poetically (cf. fulmen), flash and 
thunder: armis Aeneas. 

fultus, -a, -um, p.p. of fulcio. 

fulvus, -a, -um, [?], adj., tawny, 
yellozo, dark,yelloiv-haired, orange, 
golden, auburn-haired? 

fumeus, -a, -um, [tfuma- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., s?noky. 

fumidus, -a, -um, [ffumo + dus], 
adj., stnoky. — Less exactly, steam- 
'ing. 

fumifer, -era, -erum, [ffumo -f 
fer ( ^/fer + us)], adj., smoke-pro- 
ducing, smoky. 

fuino, -avi, -atum, -are, [ffumo-], 
1. v. n., smoke. — Less exactly, 
steam, reek : sulphur e {emit a 
sulphurous vapory, pulvere campi 
(be in a cloud of dust) . — f umans, 
-antis, p. as adj., smoking, smoky, 
steaming, reeking. 

f iimus, -i, [ -y/f u (cf. Gr. Ovoi) + mus 
(cf. Gr. 0^os)], m., smoke, steam, 
haze. 

funaiis, -e, [ffuni- (reduced) + 



alis], adj., of a rope. — Neut., a 
torch (made on a cord). 

funda, -ae, [akin to fundo, perh. 
Gr. (j(pev§6vTf\, f., a sling. - — From 
the shape, a net (thrown by the 
hand). 

fundamen, -inis, [ffunda- (stem 
of 1. fundo) + men], n., a foun- 
dation. 

fundamentum, -1, [ffunda- (stem 
of 1. fundo) + mentum], n., a 
foundation. 

fundator, -oris, [ffunda- (stem of 
I. fundo) + tor], m., a founder. 

fundatus, -a, -um, p.p. of 1 . fundo. 

funditus [f fundo + tus, cf. divi- 
nitus], a.dv.,fro7/i the bottom (cf. 
fundus), from the foundation, 
utterly, entirely. 

fundo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f fun- 
do-], I. v. a., (set on the bottom) , 
secure, make fast. — x\lso, found, 
build, establish : legibus urbem 
(institute). 

fundo, fudi, fusum, fundere, 
[ ^/fud, cf. Gr. x e vu~], 3. v. a., 
pour, pour out, shed: vina; la- 
crimas. — Of things more or less 
like liquids, pour, shed, pour forth: 
lumen; loquelas; flores (lavish) ; 
munuscula (yield) ; tela ; equus 
arniatos (send forth); vitam 
cum sanguine. — With reflexive, 
or in pass., spread, extend, be 
spread, be shed, be scattered, scatter, 
press around, pour in, pour out, 
rush, flow. — Also esp., rout, put 
to flight. — Poetically, bring forth 
'(of a woman) . — waste. — From 
the effect of pouring, throw to the 
ground, lay low, prostrate, slay. — 
fusus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., scat- 
tered, spread, dishevelled (of the 
hair), ha?iging loosely (of the 
beard). 

fundus, -I, [?], m., the bottom, the 
foundation : imo fundo (the low- 
est depths); fundo vertere (cf. 
funditus). — Also, perh. by a 
' mercantile or political connection 
of ideas, a farm, an estate. 

funereus, -a, -um, [ffuner- (for 



120 



Vocabulary. 



f lines) + eus], adj., of death, fu- 
nereal, funeral : faces (cf. fax, 
flamma) ; frons {dark, in sign 
of mourning) . 

funestus, -a, -urn, [ffunes- (cf. 
funus) + tus, cf. funereus], adj., 
of death, deadly, fatal. 

fungor, functus, fungi, [-y/fung, 
of unc. kindred], 3. v. dep., per- 
form, discharge. 

fungus, -1, [Gr. crcpoyyos'], m., a 
mushroom. — Also, an excrescence 
(in a candle). 

funis, -is, [?], m., a rope, a cord. 

funus, -eris, [?, perh. root akin to 
cpouos (cf. cpoivos) + us], n., 7tiur- 
der, killing, slaughter, havoc. — 
Also, death. — Concretely, a corpse, 
a funeral, funeral rites, a fune- 
ral pile, a funeral train. 

fuo, see sum. 

fur, furis, [^/fur (strengthened) 
as stem, cf. <jx&p], comm,, a thief 

furatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of furor. 

furca, -ae, [?, poss. fur + ca (f. of 
cus], f., a fork-shaped pole, a 
"crotch," a prop (for vines). 
(Elsewhere a ^T-shaped yoke, used 
for the punishment of slaves^ which 
may be the orig. meaning.) 

furens, p. of furo. 

f uria, -ae, [ ^/fnr (cf. furo) + ia 
(f. of ius), perh. through an inter- 
mediate stem], f., usually plur., 
rage, madness, fury, frenzy, wrath: 
iustae; furiis agitatus amor; 
furiis incensa (accensas) . — 
Less exactly, of the winds, fury. — 
Personified, a Fury (goddesses of 
divine vengeance). — Also of the 
Harpies. — Poetically (half per- 
sonified), remorse : scelerum. 

furialis, -e, [ffuria + lis], adj., of 
a fury. — Less exactly, madden- 
ing, exciting to frenzy. 

furiatus, -a, -uni, p.p. of furio. 

furibundus, ra,-um, [ffuri- (stem 
of furo) -fbundus], adj., mad, 
furious, frenzied. 

furio, -avi, -atum, -are,[ffu.ria-]; 



1. v. a., drive mad, madden, infu- 
riate. — furiatus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., frenzied, frantic, infu- 
riated. 

furo, -ul, no sup., -ere, [^/fur, °f 
unc. kindred], 3. v. n., rage, rave, 
be crazed: turba; equus ictu ; 
furor em {spend rage). — Fig., 
rage, seethe, do anything zuildty 
(according to context) : aestus 
ad auras {rise wildly)-, vis 
aquae ; febris. — furens, -entis, 
p. as adj., distracted, passion- 
strickeii, inspired, raging, furious, 
raving. 

furor, -atus, -arl, [ffur-], 1. v. 
dep., steal, get by stealth. — Fig., 
steal: fessos oculos labori. 

furor, -oris, [^fur -\-6r~], m., fu- 
ry, madness, rage, raving. — Esp. 
of love, frenzy, fury, passion, 
craze. — Concretely (cf. amor), 
passion (an object of), an act of 
madness. — Personified, Rage. 

furtim [ffur-f tim, as if ^/fur.-f 
tis in ace], adv., by stealth, se- 
cretly, stealthily. 

furtivus, -a, -um, [ffurti- (cf. 
furtim) + vus, perh. immediate- 
ly fr. ffur], adj., stealthy. — Less 
exactly, secret, hidden : quern fur- 
tivum edidit {secretly). 

furtum, -I, [ffur- (as root) + turn 
(n. of tus)], n., theft, stealth. — 
Less exactly, and fig., deceit, 
stealth, craft, concealment, a trick, 
a stratage?n, an artifice : belli 
{ambush). — Poetically, clandes- 
tine love : furto fervidus instat 
( unseen sla ughter) . 

fuscus, -a, -um, [?], adj., dusky, 
dark. 

1. fusus, -a, -um, p.p. of fundo. 

2. fusus, -1, [ ?, perh. same as 1. fu- 
sus], m., a spindle. 

futilis (futt-), -e, [ffuto- (cf. fu- 
tio), ■y/fud in fundo], adj., 
{leaky), brittle: glacies. — Fig., 
weak/foolish. 

futurus, -a, -um, f.p. of sum. 



Vocabulary. 



121 



G. 



Oabif, -orum, [?], m. plur., a 
town of Latium, once populous 
and important, but early destroyed, 
between Rome and Praeneste, 
famous for the worship of Juno. 

Gablnus? -a, -um, [fGabio- (or 
simpler form) + inus] , adj., of 
Gabii : cinctus {the Gabine cos- 
tume, a peculiar arrangement of 
the toga used in some rites. The 
right end of the toga, instead of 
being thrown over the left shoul- 
der as usual, was brought round 
the body and thrown forward over 
the right so as to hang in front). 

gaesum, -I, [prob. Gallic], n., a 
javelin (long and heavy, used by 
the Gauls). 

GaetOlus, -a, -um, [?], adj., Gce- 
tidian, of the G&tuli (a nation of 
Africa, now Morocco). — Masc. 
plur., the Gcetuli (the people of 
the nation) . — Less exactly, Af- 
rican. 

Galaesus (Gale-), -I, [?], m. : 
i. A river of Calabria, famous for 
its sheep ; 2. An Italian. 

Galatea, -ae, [Gr. TaAareia] , f. : 
I. A sea-nymph, beloved by Poly- 
phemus ; 2. A rustic maid. 

galbaneus, -a, -um, [fgalbano- 
(reduced) + eus], adj., of galba- 
i in mi 

galbanum, -i, [Gr. xcAjSa^], n., 
galbanum (a resinous gum from 
the East). 

galea, -ae, [?, prob. borrowed], f., 
a helmet (of leather), a helmet. 

galerus, -I, [akin to galea], m., a 
cap (of skin with the hair on). 

Galesus, see Galaesus. 

galla, -ae, [prob. f. of Gallus], f., 
an oak gall. 

Gallus, -a, -um, [a Gallic word ?], 
adj., of Gaul, Gallic. — Masc. and 
fern, as subst., a Gaul (man or 
woman). — Plur., the Gauls. 

Gallus, -I, [?, gallus, a cock\ m., 
*a Roman family name. — Esp. of 
C. Cornelius Galhis, a friend and 



patron of Virgil. He was reck- 
oned a poet by his friends. 

Gangaridae, -arum (-um, the 
shorter form), [Gr. Yayyapidai'], 
m. plur., a people of India, on the 
Ganges, from which their name is 
derived* 

Ganges, -is, [Gr. Yoiyyrjs'], m., the 
famous river of India. 

Ganymedes, -is (-1), [Gr. Yauv/ur}- 
5?7s], m., a beautiful youth, son of 
Laomedon, carried away by an 
eagle to be the cupbearer of Jove. 

Garamantes, -um, [Gr. Yapiixav- 
res], m. plur., a nation in the in- 
terior of Africa. 

Garamantis, -idis, [Gr. Yapafxav- 
rts], adj., of the Garamantes. 

Garganus, -I, [?], m., a mountain- 
range in Apulia projecting into the 
Adriatic (now including Monte 
Gargano and some other peaks). 
— ^Also, as adj., of Garganus, Gar- 
ga?iian. 

Gargara, -orum, [Gr. Ydpyapa], 
n. plur., a part of Mt. Ida with a 
town near by of the same name. 

garrulus, -a, -um, [fgarro- (cf. 
garrio) -f- lus], adj., chattering, 
noisy, cawing. 

gaudeo, gavisus, gaudere, [prob. 
fgavido- (fgavi+ dus), cf. gau- 
dium with gaudimonium], 
2. v. n., feel joy, be delighted, re- 
joice (internally, cf. laetor), de- 
light in, take pleasure in. — Also, 
feel proud of , boast. — Less exactly 
and poetically, of things, delight 
in {love), abound in (cf. laetus]. 
— gaudens, -entis, p. as adj., 
delighted, well pleased. 

gaudium, -I (-il), [fgavido- (re- 
duced) + ium, (n. of ius), cf. gau- 
deo], n., joy, delight, pleasure. — 
Concretely, a delight. — Personi- 
fied : mala {Criminal Delights?).. 

gaza, -ae, [Gr. yd(a], f., treasure, 
riches, wealth. 

Gela, -ae, [Gr. TeAa] , f., a city of 
Sicily, on the south coast, by a 



122 



Vocabulary. 



river of the same name (now Ter- 
ra Nuova). From this city came 
several tyrants of Sicily. 

gelidus, -a, -um, [fgelu- [weak- 
ened) + dus], adj., icy, cold, cool, 
chilled, chilly. — Less exactly, chill, 
clammy, shivering : tremor; su- 
dor. 

Gelonus, -a, -um, [Gr. Yi\<avos~\, 
adj., of the . Geloni (a people of 
Scythia). — Masc, collectively, the 
Gelonian (for the nation). — 
Plur., the Geloni (the nation). 

Gelous, -a, -um, [Gr. TeA&os], adj., 
of Gela, Geloan. 

gelu, -u, [?], n., ice, icy coldness, 
cold, frost. — Fig., ' the chill of 
death, a chill (of old age). 

gemellus, -i, [fgemino- (reduced) 
'+ lus], m., twins. 

geminatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ge- 
mino. 

gemino, -avl, -atum, -are, [fge- 
mino-], *i. v. a., repeat, redouble. 

geminus, -a, -um, [?], adj., twin- 
bom, twin. — Less exactly, double, 
a pair of, both, two, similar, cor- 
responding. — Plur., as subst., 
brothers, twins. 

gemitus, -us, [fgemi- (stem of 
gemo) as root + tus] , m., a groan- 
ing, a groan, a roar, a hollow roar, 
a sigh, wailing, lamentatio?i : ex- 
tremi (Us last groan, of a dying 
bull) ; leonum. 

gemma, -ae, [?, perh. -y/gen -f 
ma], f., a bud, an eye (of a plant). 
— From similarity, a gem, a jewel, 
a stone (precious). — From the 
material, a precious goblet or cup. 

gemo, gemul, gemitum, gemere, 
[perh. akin to Gr. yepa], 3. v. n., 
groan, sigh, wail, creak, mourn 
(of the plaintive song of the dove) : 
repleti amnes. 

genae, -arum (rarely sing.), [akin 
to yej/v, Eng. chin), f., cheeks. 

geuer, generi, [?, cf. yajj.fipSs'], m., 
a son-in-law. — Less exactly, a 
proposed son-in-law, a daughter's 
suitor. 

generatim [ace. of supposed or real 



stem fgenerati- (cf. certatim), 
see genus, genero], adv., by 
kinds, by races : cultus disce (of 
each after its kind). 

generator, -oris, [fgenera- (cf. 
genero) + tor], m., a breeder. 

generatus, -a, -um, p.p. of genero. 

genero, -avl, -atum, -a*re, [f ge- 
nes- (of genus)], I. v. a., beget, 
become the father of. — Less exactly, 

' produce, breed, raise. 

generosus, -a, -um, [fgenes- (cf. 
genus) + osus], adj., (full of 
race), well born, nobly bom, of a 
noble stock, of fine blood (of ani- 
mals). — Fig., noble, famous : me- 
tallis insula (rich). 

genesta (genist-), -ae, [?], f., 
broom (a small fragrant shrub 
with bright yellow flowers), Spar- 
tium iujiceum. 

genetrix (geni-), -Icis, [fgene- 
(ofgigno) as root-f- trix], f., a 
mother. 

genialis, -e, [tgenio + alis], adj., 
(of the Genius, or relating to his , 
worship), cheerful, festival (as the 
rites were of a jovial nature), de- 
voted to joy : tori ; hiems. 

genista, see genesta. 

genitalis, -e, [fgenitd- (reduced) 
-f- alis], adj., of reproduction, re- 
productive. 

genitor, -oris, [fgeni- (of gigno) 
as root + tor], m., a father, a sire. 

genitrix, see genetrix. 

genitus, -a, -um, p.p. of gigno. 

genius, -1 (-ii), [ ], nr., a tute- 
lary divinity, a special divinity, 
a genius (a semi-divine personage 
attached to a person or place). 

gens, gentis, [ V£ en ( of gigno) 
* + tis (reduced)], f., an offspring, 
a race, a nation, a tribe, a breed 
(of animals) . — Plur., all nations 
(of the world). — Poetically, age ; 
aurea, etc. 

genu, -us, [akin to Gr. yovu], n.,the 
knee: genua trahens (limbs). 

genus, -eris, [V£ en ( m S*& no ) 
+ us], n., race, descent, family, 
lineage, birth. — Of animals, breed, 



Vocabulary. 



123 



tribe, kind. — Concretely, offspring, 
progeny. — Less exactly, a kind, a 
sort, a species. 

Georgica, -orum, [Gr. yea>pyiKa\, 
n. plur., the Georgics of Virgil. 

Germania, -ae, [fGrermano- (re- 
duced) + ia], f., Germany (loose- 
ly of the whole region now in- 
cluded under that name). 

germanus, -a, -um, [?, akin to 
germen], adj., akin, of the same 
stock. — Masc, a brother. — Fern., 
a sister. 

germen, -inis, [?], n., a bud, a 
shoot. 

gero, gessl, gestum, gerere, 

[\/g es ( w i tn r f° r s )]j 3- v - a -j 
bear, carry, wield, wear. — Also, 
poetically, of abstract ideas : bella 
letumque (of a Fury); pacem; 
vocem et corpus ; tempora um- 
brata quercu; pharetram; te- 
la ; os habitumque ; volnera 
{display) ; aniimim (show) ; no- 
men decus (possess) ; cur am 
(exercise) . — Also (cf. fero), bear, 
produce: India lucos ; platani 
malos. — Fig., of any action (esp. 
of war), carry on, wage, manage : 
bellum; talia (perform such ex- 
ploits) ; laeti rebus bene gestis 
(exultant at success, and often 
with res). 

Geryon, -onis (abl. Geryone or 
Geryone), [Gr. Yi\pv&v\, m., a 
famous monster of Spain whose 
oxen were carried off by Hercules. 

gestamen, -inis, [fgesta + men], 
n., a thing borne, arms, an orna- 
ment, insignia. 

gestio, -IvI (-ii), -Itum, -Ire, 
[fgesta-(^/ges + ti, cf. 2. ges- 
tus)], 4. v. n., exult with joy, 
show a passionate desire. 

gesto, -avl, -atum, -are, [tges- 
to-], I. v. a., bear, carry, wear : 
pectora (possess). 

gestus, -a, -um, p.p. of gero. 

Getae, -arum, [Gr. rercu], m.plur., 
the Getes (Dacians), a Thracian 
tribe on the Danube. 

Geticus, -a, -um, [Gr. TtTiKos'], 



adj., of the Getce or Goths : deser- 
ta (the modern Bessarabia, and 
Jlfoldavia) . 

Getulus, etc.; see Gaetulus. 

gigno, genul, genitum, gignere, 
[ v /gen redupl., cf. yiyvo^aC], 
3. v. a., beget, bring forth, bear, be a 
father or mother. — genitus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj;, sprung, de- 
scended, son of 

gilvus, -a, -um, [?], adj., dun 
or chestnut : equus. 

glacialis, -e, [f glacie + lis], adj., 
icy, cold, frozen, frosty . 

glacies, -ei, [?], f., ice, frost, cold. 

gladius, -1 (-H), [?], m., a sword. 

glans, glaudis, [?], f., an acorn, 
a nut. — Collectively, in sing., 
acorns. — From the shape, a ball, 
a* bullet. 

glarea, -ae, [?], i., gravel. 

glaucus, -a, -um, [Gr . y\avKos~\, adj ., 
blue, bluish gray, bluish green, sea 
green : glauca cruentia fronde 
salicta ; salices ; ulva; arundo ; 
equus (gray ?) ; lumen (of the 
sea-deity Proteus) ; amictus (of 
a river-god, and of a naiad). 

Glaucus, -I, [Gr. r\avKos~], m. : 
I. A son of Sisyphus and father 
of Bellerophon, torn in pieces by 
his own horses ; 2. A fisherman 
of Anthedon, in -Bceotia, who was 
changed into a sea-deity ; 3. The 
father of Deiphobe, the priestess 
of Apollo at Cumae, known as the 
Cumsean Sibyl ; 4. A grandson of 
Bellerophon, leader of the Lvcians 
in the Trojan war. 

gleba, -ae, [?], f., a clod, a lump 
of earth. — Less exactly, soil, land. 

glisco, no perf., no sup., gliscere, 
[?], 3. v. n., increase, grow. 

globus, -1, [ ?, but akin to glomus], 
m., a ball, a sphere : flammarum ; 
Lunae (orb). — Less exactly, a 
band, a crowd, a cloud (of dust) : 
militum. 

glomeratus, -a, -vim, p.p. of glo- 
mero^ 

glomero, -avi, -atum, -are, [tglo- 
mes- (r for s), cf. glomus], 



I2 4 



Vocabulary. 



I. v. a., roll into a ball, 'roll up, 
gather, collect, mass, roll on. — in 
pass., or with reflexive, gather, as- 
semble. — Poetically : gressus (of 
a horse, bring together his feet, in 
making a caracole) ; saxa sub 
a-uras {throw forth balls of melted 
lava). 
gloria, -ae, [supposed to be fr. 
fclovus- ( ^/clu + us) + ia], f., 
glory, fame, renown. — Less ex- 
actly, ambition, vainglory, pride. 

— Concretely (as in Eng.), the 
glory, the pride: Procas Troia- 
nae gentis. 

gluten, -inis, [fgluto- (of glutus) 
+ nus (reduced)], n., glue. — 
Less exactly, gum, resin. 

gnatus, -a, -um, p.p. of (g)nascor. 

gnascor, see nascor. 

Gnosius(Gnoss-),-a, -um,[fGno- 
so- (reduced) + ins, or perh. bor- 
rowed directly, cf. Tucoaaos'], adj., 
of Gnosus (the city of Minos, in 
Crete), Gnosian. — Less exactly, 
Cretan. 

Gorgo, -onis, [Gr. Topydo'], f., a 
Gorgon (one of three mythical 
women of Libya, having some re- 
semblance to the Furies). — Esp., 
Medusa, the chief of these sisters, 
slain by Perseus. Her head with 
serpent hair was placed in the 
shield or segis of Jove and Pallas. 

— Plur., the three sisters, Gorgons. 

— Also, the head in the shield of 
Jove or Pallas. 

Gorgoneus, -a, -um, [f Gorgon 
+ eus], adj., of the Gorgons : ve- 
nena (so called from the serpents 
in Medusa's hair). 

Gortyna, -ae, [Gr. Toprvvrf], f., a 
city of Crete. 

Gortynius, -a, -um, [fGortyna- 
(reduced) + ins], adj., of Gortyna. 

— Less exactly, Cretan. 
gorytus (cory-), -I, {Gr. y(apvr6s~\, 

m., a quiver. 
Gracchus, -!,[?], m., a Roman fam- 
ily name in the Sempronian gens. 

— Esp., the two great reformers, 
Tiberius and Caius (Lat. Gains). 



gracilis, -e, [?], adj., slender. 

gradior, gressus, gradf, [ ^/grad, 
cf. gradus], 3. v. dep., walk, go, 
move, proceed, advance. 

Gradivus, -1, [fgradi- (cf. gra- 
dior and aggredlri) + vus], m., 
{the strider), name of Mars. 

gradus, -us, [ ^grad + us], m., 
a step : conferre (i.e. move to- 
gether, of bullocks) ; contihere ; 
revocare; celerare {pace). — 
Also (as in Eng.), a step (of a 
funeral pile). 

Graecia, -ae, [f Graeco- (reduced) + 
ia (f. of ius, prop, adj.)], f., Greece. 

Graiugena, -ae, [fGraio - gena 
( ^gen -f- a)], m., a Grecian born, 
a Greek. 

Graius, -a, -um, [Gr. frpa7os],adj., 
Greek (originally only the name 
of % a tribe, but used by the Latins 
as the general name). — Masc, a 
Greek. — Plur., the Greeks. 

gramen, -inis, [akin to germen], 
n., grass, an herb. — Less exactly, 
a grassy plain. 

gramineus, -a, -um, [fgramin + 
eus], adj., grassy. 

grandaevus, -a, -um, [fgrandi- 
aevo- (deck as adj.)], adj., aged, old. 

grandis, -e, [?], adj., large, great, 



grando, -dinis, [akin to x«^ a C a ]> 

m., hail. 
grates (abl. -ibus), [stem grati- 

(Vgra + ti), cf. gratus], f., 

thanks : dicere {render) ; referre 
{make a return)-, persolvere 
( pay a debt of gratitude) . 

gratia, -ae, [fgrato- (reduced) -f 
ia], f., regard, pleasure in, fond- 
ness for. — Also, gratitude, thank- 
fulness. 

gratus, -a, -um, [Vg ra ( c f- g ra " 
tes) + tus, p.p.], adj., dear, pleas- 
ing, acceptable, beloved. — Also, 
pleased, thankful, grateful. 

grator, -atus, -ari, [fgrato-j, 
1. v. dep., congratulate. 

gravatus, -a, -um, p.p. of gravo. 

graveolens(also separate), see oleo. 

gravesco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 



Vocabulary. 



125 



[t grave- {cf. gravedo) + sco], 
3. v. n. incept., ■ be burdened, be 

, weighed down : nemus fetu {bend 
tinder the weighty &C-). 

gravidus, -a, -um, [fgravi + dus], 
adj., heavy. — Also, full, laden, 
plentiful, prolific, heavy {pi crops), 
luxuriant: ager {in full fruit) ; 
uber (distended) ; aristae. — Esp., 
pregnant, big, impregnated. — 
Also, poetically: imperils Itali- 
am ; bellis urbem. 

gravis, -e, [root akin- to &apvs -f- u 
(with added i, cf. brevis)], adj., 
heavy, firm, solid. — Esp. (cf. 
gravidus), pregnant. — Fig., bur- 
densome, grievous, noxious, noi- 
some, heavy (of sleep, of sound), 
hard, toilsome, burdened (with 
years), sickly, severe (of wounds), 
serious, violent : exitus (cruet) ; 
nuntius (unwelcome) ; ira (in 
cruel wrath). — Of persons, of 
weight (opposed to levis), fierce : 
victor ; Osiris. — Neut. as subst., 
in plur., serious events, results, &c. 
— Neut. as adv., ill, noisome: 
grave olens. 

Graviscae, -arum, [ ?], f. pi., a town 
of Etruria, famous for its bad air. 

graviter [fgravi + ter^\, adv., heav- 
ily (lit. and fig., cf. gravis), vio- 
lently, deeply, loudly : pendens 
(fiercely) ; spirans (heavy-scent- 
ed, also poison-breathing) . 

gravo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fgravi- 
(as if gravo-)], 1. v. a., weigh 
down, make heavy. — Fig., trouble, 
annoy, burden. — Pass, as dep., 
be reluctant, refuse. 

gravor, see gravo. 

gremium, -1 (-il), [?], n., the lap, 
the bosom, the breast : in vestris 
pono gremiis (lay at one's feet) ; 
fotus gremio. — Fig. (of a coun- 
try, &c), bosom, lap, embrace : 
telluris ; coniugis (lap of earth, 
of Jupiter as spouse of the earth) ; 
caeruleus (of the Nile). 

gressus, -a, -um, p.p. of gradior. 

gressus, -us, [ y'grad -f- tus] , m., 
a step, a pace, a gait (or bearing), 



a way, course : efferre ( pro- 
ceed forth) ; comprimere {stay 
one's steps)-,, ante ferre (go on 
before) ; canes comitantur (foot- 
steps) ; recipere (retrace) ; glo- 
merare (feet). 

grex, gregis, [?], m. (rarely f.), 
(of domestic animals), a herd, a 
flock, a litter (of .pigs). 

grus, gruis, [?, pern, akin to Gr. 
yipavos~\, f., a crane. 

Grynaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. YpvvoClos\, 
adj., of Grynia (a town in yEolis 
where Apollo was worshipped), 
Gryncean. 

gryps, gryphis, [Gr. 7/Mty], m., a 
griffin (a monster with a lion's 
body and a bird's head and wings) . 

gubernaculum (-clum), -I, [fgu- 
berna- (in guberno) -f culum] , 
n., a tiller, a helm. 

gubernator, -oris, [f guberna + 
tor], m., a helmsman, pilot. 

gurges, -itis, [ ?, prob. akin to gula, 
gurgulio, and glutio], m., a vor- 
tex, a whirlpool, an abyss, a gulf : 
alternus (flux and reflux, of a 
whirlpool ) . — Less exactly, a wave, 
a tide, waters, a stream, the sea, 
the ocean, a flood. 

gusto, -avi, -atum, -are, [f gustd- 
(p.p. of v /g us > cf - gustus)], I. 
v. a., taste. 

gutta, -ae, [?], f., a drop. — From 
similarity, a spot, a blotch. 

guttur, -uris, [?, perh. akin to 
gutta], n., the throat. — Less ex- 
actly, the mouth, jaws. — Poetical- 
ly : ovantes gutture corvi (croak- 
ing throat). 

Gyaros (-us), -1, [Gr. Tvapos~], f., an 
island of the Egean (now Calairo). 

Gyas, -ae, [Gr. Fvr]s^, m. : 1 . A com- 
panion of /Eneas ; 2. A Latin. 

Gyges, -is, [Gr.-Tvyris'], m., a com- 
panion of /Eneas. 

Gylippus, -1, [Gr.-ruAf7T7ros], m., 
an Arcadian. 

gyrus, -i, [Gr. yvpos~], m., a circu- 
lar course, a ring, a circle, a cir- 
cuit. — Less exactly, a coil, a fold 
(of a serpent). 



126 



Vocabulary. 



H. 



habena, -ae, [habe- (stem of ha- 
beo) + na (f. of nus)], f., a rein, 
a thong, a lash, a bridle : dare 
(immittere, effundere) habenas 
{give loose rein, lit. and fig.) : im- 
missis (datis, laxis) habenis 
(at full speed, without restraint) ; 
pressis (adductis) habenis (with 
close rein) ; convertere (course) . 
— Fig., reins, control: rerum. 

habens, see habeo. 

habeo, habui, habitum, habere, 
[?, fhabo- (cf. habilis, habe- 
na)], 2. v. a., hold, have, possess, 
keep, occupy, inhabit, wear: arces ; 
hostes muros ; redimicula ; pe- 
cus (tend, raise) . — Fig., in same 
senses. — Esp. of marriage, possess, 
have. — Also of the place where 
one is : te pontus (cover) ; turba 
hunc (surround) ; vos saltus 
(detain) ; me thalamus (be in, 
changing point of view). — Of a 
council, &c, hold. — Of passions 
and the like, possess, inspire : om- 
nes ardor. — Also, hold, consider, 
regard: domos suspectas; nullo 
discrimine (//'<?«/) .— Pectiliar uses: 
habendi, of having, of wealth ; 
habehti, a possessor, the rich; 
hoc habet, he is smitten. 

habilis, -e, [fhabo- (cf. habeo) + 
lis], adj., handy, convenient, fit, 
suited, active : arcus ; vigor ; 
circumligat hastae natam (light- 
ly, deftly). 

habitatus, -a, -um, p.p. of habito. 

habito, -avl, -atum, -are, [fha- 
bito-], I. v. a. and n., occupy, in- 
habit, dwell in, dwell, live. 

habitus, -a, -um, p.p. of habeo. 

habitus, -us, [fhabi (weaker stem 
of habeo) + tus], m., bearing, 
condition, plight. — Also, dress, 
garb. — Fig.,- of things, position, 
nature : locorum. 

hac [prob. abl. of hie (cf. ea)], 
adv., this way : hac iter est. — 
Often repeated, this way . . . that 
way. — Less exactly, here, there. 



hactenus (often separated), [hac 
-tenus], adv., hitherto, to this point, 
thus far. — Less exactly, of time 
(as in English). 

Hadriacus (Adr-), -a, -um, [Or. 
3 AdpiaKos^\, adj., of Hadria (a town 
on the Po, which gave its name to 
the Adriatic Sea) . — Less exactly, 
of the Adriatic : undae. 

haedus (hoe-, -e, ae-), -I, [?], m., 
a kid. — Plur., the Kids (two stars 
in Auriga, the rising of which was 
attended by storms). 

Haemon (Ae-), -onis, [Gr. Afyiw*'], 
m., a Rutulian. 

Haemonides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic 
of Haemon], m., a Rutulian. 

Haemus, -I, [Gr. aTjuos], m., a range 
of mountains in Thrace (now Great 
Balkan). 

haereo, haesi, haesum, haerere, 
[fhaeso- (unc. root)], 2. v. n., 
stick, cleave, adhere, cling, stick 
fast, hang, hold fast, be fastened, 
hang to, be caught, take root (of 
plants) . — Less exactly, and fig., 
be fastened (of words, &c), stick, 
stand motionless, be rooted to the 
spot, remain, stand fast, hesitate, 
pause, linger, hang upon (of the 
gaze, or of pursuit) : hie terminus 
(be fixed)-, victoria Graium (be 
delayed) ; vox faucibus; aspectu 
conterritus. 

haeres, see better spelling heres. 

Halaesus (-esus), -I, [Gr. "AAai- 
<7os],«m. : I. A son of Agamemnon 
who came to Italy ; 2. A Rutulian. 

halcyon, see alcyon. 

Halesus, see Halaesus. 

halitus, -us, [fhali- (weaker stem 
of halo) + tus], m., breath, an 
exhalation, a vapor. 

Halius, -1 (-ii)) [?],m., a Trojan. 

halo, -avl, -atum, -are, [ ?] , 1 . v. n., 
exhale, be fragrant. 

Halys,-yos,[Gr. c AAi/s],m.,aTrojan. 

Hamadryas, -ados, [Gr. c Afia- 
Spvds'], f., a Hamadryad (a nymph 
whose life was bound up with a 



Vocabulary. 



127 



particular tree), a nymph, 

Hammon, see Ammon. 

hamus, -I, [cf. Gr. x ^ '*?* perh. 
borrowed], in., a hook, a link 
(hook-like, of which chain mail 
was made). 

harena, see arena. 

Harpalyce, -es, [Gr. ' ApiraXvKrj] , 
{., a female warrior of Thrace. 

Harpalycus, -I, [Gr. 'ApTraXvicos'], 
m., a Trojan. 

Harpyia, -ae, [Gr. "Apirvia], f., 
(mostly plur.), a Harpy (doubtless 
orig. a personified whirlwind), a 
monster with the body of a bird 
and a human face and voice. 

harundo, etc.; see arundo. 

haruspex (ar : ), -icis, [stem akin 
to hira, hillae + spex (^/spec 
as stem)], m., a soothsayer (by in- 
spection of entrails, cf. auspex), 
a diviner. 

hasta, -ae, [prob. akin to Gr. x av - 
5ayo>, grasp], f., a spear-sliaft, a 
spear, a wand (sometimes without 
a head, hasta pura) : pampinea 
(the thyrsus). 

hastlle, -is, [f hasta- (reduced) + 
ills, or f hasti- (akin to hasta) + 
lis, prop. n. of adj.], n., a spear- 
shaft, a spear, a. shoot, a sapling, a 
pole. 

ha ud (hail, haut), [?], neg. adv., 
(commonly negativing some par- 
ticular word, cf. non, etc., general 
negative),, not, by no means : 
haud mora {there is no delay) ; 
haud secius {no less); haud 
quaquam (by no means) ; haud 
quicquam {nothing, not at all). 

haudquaquam, see haud. 

haurio, hausi, haustum, hau- 
rire, [^/haus, but prob. from a 
noun-stem in i], 4. v. a., drink, 
draiji, exhaust. — Less exactly, 
drink in, take in, draw in, re- 
ceive : caelum (inhale) ; lucem 
pecudes ; vocem auribus ; haec 
animo ; oculis monumenta {feast 
the eyes upon) . — Poetically : corda 
pavor {absorb, possess) ; supplicia 
scopulis {suffer death by drown- 



ing, &c.) ; latus gladio {drain, 
as a vessel) ; sol orbem {pass, as 
if devour) ; ensis inimicus (of 
persons, drink their blood). 

haustus, -us, [-^/haus (as root) + 
tus, cf. haurio], m., a draught, 
a mouthful : aetherius (a draught 
of celestial air, of inspired instinct 
in bees). 

hebeo, no perf., no sup., hebere, 
[fhebo- (cf. hebes)], 2. v. n., be 
dull: sanguis {be chilled). ^ „ 

hebeto, -avi,-atum, -are,[fhebet- 
(of hebes)], 1. v. a., bltmt, dull. 
— Fig., dull, dim, impair. 

Hebrus (Ebr-), -i, [Gr. "EjSpos], 
m. : 1. A river of Thrace, now 
Maritza; 2. A Trojan. 

Hecate, es, [Gr. 'E/caT^], f., a mys- 
terious goddess particularly asso- 
ciated with the lower world. Her 
nature and attributes were very 
variable, and she was especially 
identified as a three-formed god- 
dess with the moon (in heaven), 
Diana (on earth), and Proserpine 
(in the world below). 

Hector, -oris, [Gr. "Ektojp], m., 
the eldest son ef Priam and the 
most famous warrior of the Tro- 
jans, finally slain by Achilles and 
dragged around the walls of Troy. 

Hectoreus, -a, -um,[Gr.'EKT<fy>eos], 
adj., of Hector. — Less exactly, of 
Troy, Trojan. 

Hecuba, -ae, [Gr. 'E/cajS??], f., the 
wife of Priam. 

hedera (ed-), -ae, [?], f., ivy (of 
apparently two species, Hedera 
helix, and another called alba) . 

hei, see ei. 

heia (eia), [Gr. ela], inteij. (of sur- 
prise, admiration, or encourage- 
ment), hoi what hoi come on! 
cotne l on ! 

Helena, -ae, [Gr. ^Xevrf], f., Helen, 
the famous daughter of Jupiter and 
Leda, carried off by Paris. 

Helenor, -oris, [Gr. 'EAeVcup], m., 
a Trojan. 

Helenus, -1, [Gr. "EAej/os], m., a 
son of Priam. 



128 



Vocabulary. 



Helicon, -onis, [Gr. 'EXikwv'], m., 
the famous mountain in Bceotia, 
the abode of the Muses and favor- 
ite haunt of Apollo. 

holleborns (clleborus, the spell- 
ing in vogue), -I, [Gr. tWefiopos or 
eAA-], m., hellebore (cf. veratrum, 
the proper Latin word). The root 
of the plant was a specific for in- 
sanity. 

Hellespontiacus, -a, -urn, [bor- 
rowed from Greek], adj., of the 
Hellespont, the strait, now Darda- 
nelles, between Asia and Europe, 
running into the /Egean Sea. On 
its shore in Asia was Lampsacus, 
•whence came the worship of Pri- 
apus). 

Helorus (-um), -I, [Gr. "EXoopos], 
m. and n., a city on the east coast 
of Sicily. A wide, slow river of the 
same name flowed over the flat 
land in the vicinity. 

Helymus, see Elymus. 

herba, -ae, [?], f. (both collec- 
tively and in plural), an herb, 
grass, herbage, a "weed, a plant, 
dried grass (hay), vegetation, a 
Made (of grass or growing crops), 
sward: mollis; veneni ; viridis 
(pasture) ; tenera ; immemor 
herbae (grazing) ; olens ; maio- 
res (stalk and leaves)-, Sardoa 
(perh. crowfoot). 

Herbesus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

herbosus, -a, -um, [fherba- (re- 
duced) 4- osus], adj., grassy, rich 
in vegetation : iumeiL 

Hercules, -is, [Gr. 'H^/cAt;?, 
through a shorter form], m., the 
famous, demigod, renowned for his 
strength and services to mankind, 
represented with a club and lion's 
skin. The poplar was sacred to him. 

Herculeus, -a, -vim, [imitated fr. 
"RpdxXeLoslf, adj., of Hercules: 
umbra (of the poplar) ; coro-na 
(of poplar) ; sacrum ; Tar en turn 
(Herculea?i, founded by Hercu- 
les); amictus (the lion's skin). 

heres, -edis, [akin to herus ?], m. 
(or {.), an heir. 



herilis, see erilis. 

Herilus, see Erulus, the approved 
spelling. 

Hermiirius, -I (-if), [?], m,, a 
Trojan warrior. 

Hermi'one, -es, [Gr. *Epfit6vri'], {., 
the daughter of Menelaus and 
Helen, the wife of Orestes. 

Hermus, -1, [Gr. "E/auos], m:, a 
river in Lydia, famous for its gold- 
en sands and the fertility of the 
surrounding country. 

Hernicus, -a, -um, [fherno- (said 
to mean rock) + cus], adj., of the 
Hemici (nom. plur. of same word), 
a people of Latium, said to be of 
Sabine origin. 

heros, -ois (-oos), [Gr. ripa>s~], m., 
a de?nigod, a hero. . 

berus (erus, more approved spell- 
ing), -I, [?], m., a master, a lord. 

Hesione, -es, [Gr. 'Haiovr)'], f., a 
daughter of Laomedon, sister of 
Priam, and wife of Telamon. 

Hesperia, see Hesperius. 

Hesperis, -idis, [Gr. kaicEpls, adj. 
of ko-irepos], f. adj., ( Western), 
Hesperian, Italian. — Plur., the 
Hesperides, daughters of Hesperus, 
keepers of a garden of golden ap- 
ples in the far West. 

Hesperius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Ecrireptos, 
adj. of"E(T7repos], adj., (Western). 
— Fem. (sc. terra), the West- 
ern land, Italy (as viewed from 
Greece), Hesperia. — Hence, Ital- 
ian, Hesperian. 

Hesperus, -I, [Gr. "EcTrepos^ Lat. 
Vesper], m., evening, the evening 
star. 

besternus, -a, -um, [friesi- (see 
beri) -f ternus (cf. externus, 
sempiternus) ], adj., of yesterday, 
yesterdays : Lar (newly adopted). 

heu [?, cf. eheu, heus], inter), (of 
grief or pain) , alas ! ah ! oh ! ah me ! 

beus [cf. heu], interj. (of calling), 
ho ! hallo ! ho there ! 

hiatus, -us, [fhia- (of bio) + tus], 
m., a gaping, an opening, a yaivn- 
ing mouth,, a mouth : oris (jaws). 

Hiberus, -a, -um, adj., Spanish. 



Vocabulary, 



129 



hibernus, -a, -urn, [thiem- (stem 1 
of hiemps, contracted) -f ernus 
(cf. caverna)], adj., of winter, 
wintry, winter's, stormy. — Neut. , 
plur., winters. 

hibiscus, -I, [Gr. l&'ktkos'] , m., the 
marsh-mallow, a mallow twig or 
twigs, a switch (of mallow). 

hie, haee, hoc, [pron. A /h6 + i + 
ce, cf. ecce, cetera], dem. pron. 
(as subst. or adj., of something 
near in time, place, or thought, cf. 
ille), this, he, she, it, such. — Oi 
indefinite persons, this man, one. 
— Often repeated, or correlative 
with another pron., this . . . that, 
he . . . he, one, another, the former, 
the latter. — Also, the following, as 
follows. — In abl. with compara- 
tive, so much, the more. — Phrases : 
hoc erat quod ? etc., was it for 
this that? ; hoc habet, he is smit- 
ten, he is hit, he is sped (a gladia- 
torial word). 

hie [fhi (locative of f^o) -f ce], 
adv., here, there. — Also, of time 
or circumstance, here, hereupon. 

Hicetaonius, -1, [tHicetaon 4- ius, 
prop, adj.], m., son of Hicetaon. 

hiemps, hiemis, [unc. root (found 
in x LC *>v) + mus (reduced, cf. yzi- 
/xepios, Himalaya), with parasitic 
p], winter, storm, tempest. — Per- 
sonified, the Storm. 

Hiera (Iaera), -ae, [Gr. 'Iepa], f., 
a priestess of Jove on Mt. Ida, 
mother of Pandarus and Bitias. 

hilaro, -avi, -atum, are, [fhila- 
ro-], I. v. a., cheer, enliven. 

Himella, ' -ae, [?], f., a river in 
Italy flowing into the Tiber. 

hinc [him (case-form of fho, cf. 
interim) -f ce (cf. hie)], adv., 
from here, hence, from there, from 
this (cf. unde), from these. — Of 
time, then, thereupon, next, here- 
upon. — Also (cf. a parte dex- 
tera), here, on this side. — Often, 
repeated or opposed to another 
pron.: hinc atque hinc (illinc), 
on this side . . . on that, here . . . 
there, on every side, around. — Of 



logical relations (cf. hence, since), 
hence. 

hinnitus, -lis, [fhinni- (of hin- 
nio) + tus], m., a neighing. 

hio, -avi, -atum, -are, [fhio- (cf. 
hiulcus, hisco)], 1. v. n., gape, 
yawn. — hians, -antis, p., open- 
ing the month, gaping, open, open- 
mouthed, eager : immane (open- 
ing his enormous jaws, of a lion). 

Hippoeoon, -ontos, [Gr. 'Ittttokowv, 
-oj/tjs] , m., a companion of ^Eneas. 

Hippodame, -es, [Gr. 'iTnroSdurf], 
{., Hippodamia, daughter of CEno- 
maus, won by Pelops in a chariot- 
race. Her story was a favorite 
theme for epic poetry. 

Hippolyte, -es, [Gr. 'I'rnroAvTT)'], f., 
an Amazon, wife of Theseus. She 
fought against the Amazons on 
the side of Athens. 

Hippolytus, -i, [Gr. 'IttttoAvtos'], 
m., the son of Theseus and Hip- 
polyte, killed through the wiles of 
Phaedra, his step-mother, but after- 
wards restored to life by Diana. 

hippomanes (not declined in Lat- 
in), [Gr. LTnropzves] , n., an excre- 
tion of the mare used as a philter.. 

Hippotades, -ae, [Gr. 'iTnroradris'], 
m., son of Hippotas. 

Hircanus, -a, -um ; see Hyrca- 
nus. 

hircus, -i, [?], m., a he-goat. 

hirsutus, -a, -um, [fhirsu- (stem 
akin to hirtus) -f tus (cf. cor- 
nutus)], adj., bristly, prickly, 
rough : vepres ; frond.es ; crista 
equina (bristling, of a hero in 
a crested helmet); supercilium 
(bushy) . 

hirtus, -a, -um, [unc. root (cf. 
horreo) + tus, p.p. of lost verb], 
adj., rough, hairy, shaggy, bristly ; 
capellae (coarse-haired). 

hirundo, -inis, [?], f., a swallovo. 

Hisbo, -onis, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

hisco, no perf., no sup., hiscere, 
[ v Tii (perhaps thi-) -f sco, cf. 
hio, hiulcus], 3. v. n., gape, open 

■ the mouth. 

hispidus, -a, -um, [akin to hirtus, 



130 



Vocabulary. 



hirsutus, ?], adj., shaggy, hairy : 
frons {bushy). 

hi ulcus, -a, -um, [?, fhmlo- (fhio 
+ lus) + cus], adj. , gaping, crack- 
ing, purr owed (of land cracked by 
the sun). 

hoc, abl.; see hie. 

hoc, adv.; see hue. 

hodie [fno- (stem) or lid (abl.) of 
pron. v^ho (cf. hie) -die (abl. of 
dies)], adv., to-day. — Weakened, 
with negatives, now, surely . nun- 
quam hodie eflugies (emphasizing 
the negative)." 

holus (ol-), -eris, [ ?], n., vegetables. 

homo, -inis, [^/hom (I.-E. gham, 
cf. Sk. gum a, Eng. groom) + o 
(cf. gero), akin to humus], m., 
a man (or woman), a mortal, 
human kiiid, the human race. — 
Often, the human form, human, 
mortal : malis hominum {human 
woes) ; vox hominum sonat. 

Homole, -es, [Gr. 'O/aoA^], f., a 
mountain of Thessaly. 

honestus, -a, -um, [fhonos- (n. 
of honor?) + tus, cf. arbustus, 
funestus], adj., beautiful (cf. 
honor), noble, fine. 

honor (-os), -oris, [unc. root + 
or (-os)], m., beauty, grace, dig- 
nity. — Of moral qualities, glory, 
dignity, fame, honor. — Of beauty 
conferred, adornment, decoration. 
— Of glory conferred, honor, hon- 
ors (marks of honor), respect, re- 
gard, reward, reco?npense, tribute, 
meed of praise. — Esp. of religious 
honor, worship, sacrifice, an offer- 
ing, honors, reverence, praise, fes- 
tive rites. — Technically, honors 
(of the people), an office, a magis- 
tracy. 

honoratus, -a, -um, p.p. of ho- 
noro. 

hora, -ae, [Gr. wpa, season"], f., an 
hour. — Less exactly, time, mo- 
ment, hour : suprema ; crastina 
{the morrow). — Phrase : in horas, 
from hour to hozcr. — Personified, 
the Hours (attendants of the Sun, 
Moon, &c). 



hordeum, -I, (also plur.), n., bar- 
ley. — Plur., grains (of barley). 

horrendus, -a, -um, ger. p. of 
horreo. 

horrens, -entis, p. of horreo. 

horreo (horrul, assigned to hor- 
resco), no sup., horrere, [thorro- 
(y^hors), cf. horrificus],2.v. n. 
and a., stand erect, bristle, be rough : 
colla colubris; regia culmo; car- 
duus. — From the tingling sensation 
of fear (cf. "hair standing on end." 
The same root in Sk. expresses the 
similar tingling of intense pleas- 
ure), shudder, shudder at, dread. 

— horrens, -entis, p. as adj., 
bristling, rough, prickly, shaggy. 

— horrendus, -a, -um, ger. p. 
as adj., horrible, dreadful, awful 
(in bad or good sense), frightful, 
dread. — Neut. as adv., dreadfully. 

■ — Neut. plur., horrors, prodigies. 

horrSsco, horrul, no sup., hor- 
rescere, [fhorre- (stem of hor- 
reo) + sco], 3. v. n. and a., bristle : 
seges hastis. — Also (cf. horreo), 
shiver, tremble, shudder, dread: 
campi (of the grain wavirfg in the 
wind) ; visu ; morsus mensarum 
{shudder at). 

horreum, -i, [?], n., a granary, a 
storehouse, a barn. 

horribilis, -e,[fhorro-(cf. horreo) 
-r-bilis], adj., horrible, frightful, 
dreadful. 

horridus, -a, -um, [fhorro- (cf. 
horreo) + dus], adj., rough, shag- 
gy, bristling: brumagelu; gran- 
do {icy, cf. last example) ; hasti- 
libus myrtus. — Also, perh. from 
domestic animals, rough (in bad 
condition, cf. nitidus, sleek), dis- 
ordered, unseemly, uncouth, un- 
kep. 1 , ill-kempt : alter (of a queen- 
bee, opposed to clarus) ; macies 
(hideous) ; horridior rusco (of 
a man). — Transferred, and fig., 
dreadful, dread, horrid, frightful, 
aicful. 

horrifico, -avl, -atum, -are, [faor- 
rifico (stem of horrificus)], 1. 
v.a., terrify, affright. 



Vocabulary. 



I3i 



horrificus, -a, -um, [fhorro- 

(cf. horreo)+ncus (^/fac+us)], 
adj., terrible, frightful. 

horrisonus, -a^um, [fhorro- (cf. 
horrificus) + sonus], adj., dread 
sounding, of awful sound. 

horror, -oris, [ v / horr(cf. horreo) 
+ or], m., a bristling. — Also, a 
shudder, dread, horror. — Poeti- 
cally: armorum {dread sou?id) . 

hortator, -oris, [fhorta- (in hor- 
tor) + tor], m., an encourager, a 
suggester. 

Hortinus, -a, -um, [Horta- (re- 
duced) -j- inus], adj., of Horta (a. 
town of Etruria on the Tiber and 
Nar, now Ortd). 

hortor, -atus, -arl, [f horito- (stem 
of lost p.p. of obs. fhorior)], 
I. v. dep., exhort, encourage, ad- 
vise, urge, address (with words of 
encouragement as a leader). — 
Poetically, of animals, urge, urge 
on, entice. 

hortus, -1, [?, cf. cohors, Gr. x^p- 
ros], m., (an enclosure), a garde?i, 
an orchard. 

hospes, -itis, [fhos- (I. E. ghas, 
r eat) -petis = potis, cf. iroais ( -v/P a 
+ tis)], comm., a host. — Trans- 
ferred, a guest, a stranger. — As 
an address, stranger, friend. — 
Also, a friend (hereditary ox fam- 
ily, in the peculiar relation of an- 
tiquity, like Gr. \ivos. 

hospitium, -1 (-il), [fhospit + 
ium], n., entertainment, hospital- 
ity, alliance, amity, friendship. — 
Plur., hospitalities. — Concretely, 
retreat, shelter. —Also (cf. hospes 
and £eWa), friendship (family or 
hereditary) . — Concretely, a friend 
(cf. servitium, a slave) : anti- 
quum (long in friendly relations 
with) . 

fhospitus, -a, -um, (only in fern, 
and neut. plur.), [irregular forma- 
tion fr. hospes (cf. sospes, sos- 
pita), as if fr. hospitus], adj., 
strange, foreigii.-. — Also, hospita- 
ble, friendly: unda plaustris 
(passable). 



hostia, -ae, [prob. fhosti- (stem 
of hostis, reduced) + ia (f. of 
ius), going back to the time of 
human sacrifice (?), cf. JEn. x. 519], 
f., a victim (for sacrifice). 

hostilis, -e, [fhosti- (lengthened, 
cf. civllis) + lis], adj., of an 
(the) enemy, the enemy 's, hostile : 
facies (to disturb a sacrifice). 

hostis, -e, [?, poss. fhos- (cf. hos- 
pes) + tis, orig. a guest, then 
stranger, then foe], comm., a 
stranger. — Also, an enemy (of 
the country, cf. inimicus, one^s 
own private enemy), a foe, the 
enemy. 

hue (old hoc), [dat. adv. ho-ce, cf. 
illo], adv., hither, here (of motion), 
into this, into that, &c, thither, 
there (cf. hie), this way : inclu- 
dunt (in this) ; asperge sapor es 
(here, on this place) ; hue atque 
illuc (this way and that). 

humanus, -a, -um, [fhumo- (re- 
duced) + anus, cf. homo], adj., 
of man, human, mortal, of mor- 
tals. 

humecto, see umecto, the spelling 
now in vogue. 

humens, see umeo. 

humeo, see umeo. 

humerus, see umerus. 

humesco, see umesco. 

humidus, see umidus. 

humilis, -e, [fhumo + lis], adj., 
lozv (lit. and iig.), mean, humble : 
Italia (low-lying) ; casae ; fossa 
(shallow, cf. altus, deep) ; pavor 
(dispirited) . 

humo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fhu- 
mo-], I. v. a., bury, inter : sola- 
men humandi (of burial). 

humor, see umor, the spelling in 
vogue. 

humus, -1, [-y/hom (cf. homo) + 
us, cf. x a M a 0> m -> M ie ground, the 
earth, the soil : exercebis ; rastros 
patietur; te condet humi; me 
tollere humo; cadavera tegere 
humo. — humi, on the growid ; 
humi nascentia fraga ; procum- 
bit humi bos. 



132 



Vocabulary, 



hyacinthus, -I, [Gr. volkivQos~], m., 
a hyacinth (so called), an uncer- 
tain flower variously identified 
(cornflower, iris, rocket, martagon 
lily). 

Hyades, -um, [Gr. 'Ta5es], f. plur., 
the Hyades, a group of seven stars 
in the head of Taurus (the Bull), 
the setting of which was attended 
by storms. 

hyalus, -I, [Gr. va\os~], m., glass : 
color (i.e. green). 

hybernus, see hibernus. 

Hybla, -ae, [Gr. t/ r/3\rj'], f., a 
mountain in Sicily famous for its 
bees. 

Hyblaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Tj3A.a?os], 
adj., of Hybla, Hyblczan. 

Hydaspes, -is, [Gr. < Y8a<nrr)s], m. : 
I. A river of India. — Less ex- 
actly, for the people in its vicinity : 
regem observant (the same fig- 
ure is admissible in Eng.) ; 2. A 
Trojan (cf. Hebrus and Hypa- 
nis). 

hydra, -ae, [Gr. tf5pa], f. : i. The 
hydra, a water-snake killed by Her- 
cules. It had seven heads, which 
multiplied as fast as they were cut 
off ; 2. Another water-serpent (or 
the ghost of the same?) in the in- 
fernal regions, acting (like mon- 
sters generally) as a minister of 
divine vengeance. 

hydrus, -i, [Gr. {/'5pos], m., a water- 
snake, a snake (in general) : im- 
manis (the dragon of Cadmus). 

hyems, see hiems, the better spell- 
ing. 

Hylaeus, -I, [Gr. 'TAcuos], m., a 



Centaur who offered violence to 
Atalanta. 

Hylas, -ae, [Gr/'TAas], m., a youth 

' who accompanied Hercules in the 
Argonautic expedition, and was 
carried away by the nymphs of a 
fountain. 

Hylax, -acis, [Gr. "YAa|], m., the 
name of a dog. 

Hyllus, -l, [Gr. ^TAAos], m., a 
Trojan. 

Hymenaeus, -I, [Gr. v^vaios'], m.,. 
Hymen, the marriage god. — Trans- 
ferred, marriage, zvedlock, nuptial 
rites, a wedding, a nuptial song. 
— Also in plur. in same senses. — 
Also, of animals, mating, 

Hypanis, -is, [Gr. "'Tira.vis], m. : 
I . A river of Scy thia (now Boug) , 
a roaring and rocky river : saxo- 
sum sonans; 2. A Trojan (cf. 
Hebrus) . 

Hyperboreus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Yirep- 
fiSpeos'], adj., {beyond the North), 
far Northern, Northernmost. — 
The plur. is the name of the peo- 
ple of those regions, as usual. 

Hyrcanus, -a, -um, [Gr. "TpKauos'], 
adj., of the Hyrcani (a nation on 
the Caspian Sea, comprehended 
under the general idea of the 
Parthians, with whom the Romans 
were long at war). — Plur., the 
Hyrcani (the nation itself). 

Hyrtacides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], 
m., son of Hyrtacus (Nisus or Hip- 
pocoon). 

Hyrtacus, -I, [borrowed fr. Greek], 
m., the father of Nisus. Perhaps 
another, the father of Hippocoon. 



I (vowel). 



lacchus, -I, [Gr. "laKxos'], m., a 

name of Bacchus. — Also, wine. 
Iaera, see Hiera. 
Iapetus, -1, [Gr. "laireros'], m., one 

of the Titans, father of Prometheus 

and Atlas. 
lapis, -idis, [borrowed fr. Greek], 

m., the physician of yEneas. 
Iapys, -ydis, [Gr. 'I&r-c], m., cf the 



Iapydes (a race around the head 
of the Adriatic) : Timavus. — PI., 
the race itself, the Iapydes. 
Iapyx, -ygis, [Gr. 'l£™£], adj., 
lapygian, of Iapygia (a name of 
Apulia). — Less exactly, Apulian. 
— Masc, Iapyx, the north-west- 
erly wind (blowing from Iapygia 
into Greece). 



Vocabulary. 



133 



Iarbas, -ae, [?], m., a king of the 
Gsetulians, son of Jupiter Ammon, 
and a suitor of Dido. 

lasides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic of 
Iasius], m., descendant of Iasius. 

Iasius, -I (-11), [Gr. 'Idenos], m., 
the brother of Dardanus, son of 
Jupiter and Electra. He became 
a special favorite of Ceres (De- 
meter). Among other myths he is 
said to have married a daughter of 
Teucer, and so to have been one 
of the founders of the Trojan race. 

iaspis, -idis, [Gr. iacnns'], f., jasper 
(a precious stone). 

Iber (Iberus), see Hiberus. 

ibi [pron. y/\ (cf. is) + bi (loc. 
suffix, cf. -bus and tibi)], adv., 
there (less demonstrative than il- 
lic, cf. is) : respexit, ibi omnis 
effusus labor (in that look). — 
Of time, then, thereupon : ibi me- 
• mento. 

ibidem [ibi-dem, cf. idem], adv., 
in the same place, on the same 
spot. — Of time, at the same time. 

Icarus, -i, [Gr. "I/capos'], the son of 
Daedalus, who fell accompanying 
his father's flight, and gave his 
name to the Icarian Sea. 

ictus, -a, -um, p.p. of ico. 

ictus, -us, [ yic -f tus] , m., a stroke, 
a blow : certus (aim) ; quo ictu 
furit equus (wound) ; cuspidis 
(wound) ; totus (force) ; ven- 
tos lacessit ictibus (thrusts). — 
Collectively, throwing: cursu et 
ictu. 

Ida, -ae, [Gr. *l5a], f . : 1. A moun- 
tain in the middle of Crete, the seat 
of a famous worship of Jupiter. 
Here Jupiter was supposed to have 
been nursed in secret ; 2. The. 
mountain of Phrygia, near Troy, 
famous for many divine incidents, 
and especially for the worship of 
Cybele ; 3. The name of the 
mother of Nisus. 

Idaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'IScuos], adj., 
of Ida (the mountain in Crete), 
Idcean. — of Ida (cf. 2. Ida), Idce- 
an. — Less exactly, Trojan. — 



Masc, Idceus, name of two Trojan 
companions of ^Eneas. 

Idalius, -a, *-um, [Gr. i \Za\iov~], 
adj., of Ida Hum, Idalian. — Fem., 
Idalia, a town and grove of Cy- 
prus. — Neut., Idalium, another 
form of the same name. Both 
forms are properly adj., but the 
adj. is used as if from the nouns. 

Idas, -ae, [Gr. v l5as], m. : 1. A 
Trojan ; 2. A Thracian. 

ideirco [id (n. ace. of is) circo 
(dat. or abl. of circus, cf. circa, 
circum)], adv., for that reason, 
therefore, for this purpose. — With 
negatives, for all that, for that, 
on that account. 

idem, eadem, idem, [is + dem 
(pron. ^/da, inacc.?,cf. quidam, 
dum)], adj. pron., the same, the 
very, the like. — Often equivalent 
to a mere connective, also, like- 
wise, as well. 

ideo [id (n. ace. of is) eo, strictly, 
and that for this reason or pur- 
pose], adv., for this reason, there- 
fore, on this account. — With neg- 
atives (cf. idcirco), for all that. 

Idmon, -onis, [Gr. ''ldp.cov'], in., a 
Rutulian. 

Idomeneus, -ei (ace. -ea), [Cr. 
'iSojj.evevs'], m., a hero of the Tro- 

_ jan war, leader of the Cretans. 

Idumaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'iS^aTos], 
adj., of Idume (Edom), a region 
of Syria, famous for its palms, 
Idui?icea7i. 

iens, euntis, p. of eo. 

igitur [perh. unc. stem + tus (cf. 
divinitus)], adv., in that case. — 
Weakened as conj., accordingly, 
therefore. — Also in questions and 
the like (implying that what fol- 
lows is the logical consequence of 
what precedes or has been im- 
plied), then : mene igitur fugis 
(do you then, &c.? as your action 
seems to indicate). 

ignarus, -a, -um, [in-gnarus 
(^/gna + rus)], adj., not know- 
ing, ignorant, unacquainted •with, 
unaware, unsuspecting, in igno- 



134 



Vocabulary, 



ranee, taken by surprise. — Rare 
in pass, sense, unknown : igna- 
rum habet or a Mirnanta (in 
obscurity} . 

ignave [abl. of ignavus], adv., 
sloth/idly, negligently : carpere 
herbas (heedless of plucking). 

ignavia, -ae, [fignavd- (reduced) 
+ ia], f., slothfulness, cowardice: 
animi (cowardly spirit). 

ignavus, -a, -um, [in-gnavus 
(■ v /gna + vus)], adj., idle, sloth- 
ful, without spirit, ccnvardly. — 
Poetically: hiems ignava colono 
(an idle time, &c). — Also, idle, 
unproductive, tmfruitful : ne- 
mo^ 

ignesco, no perf., no sup., -eseere, 
[figne- (of supposed or lost verb 
figneo) + sco], 3. v. n. incept., 
take fire. — Fig., be fired, be in- 
flamed. 

igneus, -a, -um, [figni- (reduced) 
+ eus], adj., fiery, blazing, burn- 
ing. — Fig., fiery, ardent, burn- 
ing, like fire (swift), like a flash. 

ignipotens, -entis, [figni-potens] , 
m., Lord of fire, a name of Vulcan. 

ignis, -is, [I. E. ^/ag (of unc. mean- 
ing) + nis], m.,fire, flame, heat, 
brand: rapidus(/?>^/;zz/z£); Luna 
colligit ignes (light, conceiving 
the heavenly bodies as blazing) ; 
Cyllenius (the planet Mercury) ; 
rutilus (redness)-, aeterni (the 
stars) . — Fig., of the passions, pas- 
sion, love, fuiy, wrath, frenzy. — 
Concretely (as in English), fl a me 
(object of love). 

ignobilis, -e, [in-(g)nobilis], adj., 
ignoble, inglorious, obscure, worth- 
less, imhonored. 

ignoininia, -ae, [fignomini- (re- 
duced, cf. cognominis) + ia], f., 
want of fame, ignominy, disgrace, 
shame. 

ignoro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fig- 
naro-], 1. v. a., not kitozv, be un- 
azvare of, be ignorant of — Poeti- 
cally, of transplanting : semina 
matrem (become unacquainted 
with) . 



ignosco, -novi, -no turn y -noscere, 

[in-(g)nosco, formed perh. in imi- 
tation of cognosco, investigate], 
3. v. n., pardon, forgive. — igno- 
scendus, -a, -um, ger. p., par- 
donable. 

ignotus, -a, -um, [in-(g)notus], 
adj., unknown, obscure, strange, 
unobserved. 

Ilex, -icis, [?], f., an oak (of a par- 
ticular species, the holm-oak), a 
holm-oak. 

Ilia, -ium, [perh. akin to eX\o), roll 
(cf. eiAeos)], n. plur. (sing, rare), 
the groin, the flanks, the side (be- 
tween the ribs and hips) : rum- 
pere (burst the sides, with envy 
and the like). 

Ilia, -ae, [flld-f ia], f., a name for 
Rhea Silvia (the mother of Romu- 
lus and Remus). 

Iliacus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'IAm/cos], 
adj., of Ilium (another name for 
Troy), Trojan. 

Ilias, -adis, [Gr. 'IAjas], f. adj., a 
Trojan woman. 

Ilicet [i (imper. of eo) licet, go, 
you 7uay~\, adv., (orig. formula of 
dismissal for an assembled people, 
it is over, you may depart) . — 
Transferred, immediately, forth- 
with, at once. 

Ilignus, -a, -um, [filic- (of ilex) 
+ nus], adj., of holm-oak, oaken. 

Ilione, -es, [Gr. > 1\i6vtj'], f., the 
oldest daughter of Priam, married 
to Polymestor, king of Thrace. 

Ilioneus, -el (ace. -ea), [Gr. 5 IA*o- 
vevs], m., an aged Trojan, com- 
panion of ^Eneas. 

Ilium,.! (-ii), [Gr.'lAtoj/], prop. n. 
of adj., see Ilius], n., a name of 
Troy, city of Ilus. 

Ilius, -a, -um, [cf. 3/ l\tov~\, adj. (of 
wh. Ilium is neut., but it is treated 
as adj. from Ilium), Ilian, Trojan. 

illabor, see inlabor. 

illacrimo, see inlacrimo. 

illaetabilis, see inlaetabilis. 

illaudatus, see inlaudatus. 

ille (ollus), ilia, illud, [unc. pron. 
stem + lus (cf. ullus)], dem. pron. 



Vocabulary. 



135 



(conceived as more remote than 
hit?), that, these. — Without noun, 
he, she, that, it. — Contrary to Eng. 
usage, of what follows, this, these, 
these things. — Often repeated or 
opposed to another pron. ,the other, 
that one, that, the former (cf. hie). 
— Of a conspicuous person or ob- 
ject (as if pointed at), the great, 
that. — In comparisons (to make 
the comparison more vivid, as if it 
were actually in sight), some, a. — 
In imitation of Homeric oye, re- 
dundant, merely continuing the 
subject of discourse. — ex illo, 
from that time. 

ill ecebrae,- arum; seeinlecebrae. 

illic [illi (loc. adv. fr. ille) -ce 
(cf. hie)], adv., there, in that 
place, with them (cf. hie, nine), 
on this. — hie . . . illic, here . . . 
there, in this place . . . in that. 

illldo, see inlido. 

illinc [illim (case-form of ille, cf. 
interim) -ce (cf. hie)], adv., 
thence, from there. — Also (cf. 
hinc), on that side, that side : hinc 
atque illinc (on this side and that) . 

illlsus, see inlisus. 

illotus, see inlotus. 

illuc [illo (dat. adv. fr. ille, cf. eo) 
-ce (cf. hie)], adv., thither, that 
way : hue illuc volvens oculos ; 
hue caput atque illuc pependit 
(on this side and thai), 

illuc eo, see inluceo. 

illudo, see inludo. 

illustris, see inlustris. 

illusus, see inlusus. 

illuvies, see inluvies. 

Illyricus, -a, -um, [flllyri- (stem 
of Illyris) + cus], adj., of Illyria, 
(or Illyris, an indefinite region 
east of the Adriatic, to the north 
of Greece proper) : aequor (the 
Adriatic). 

Ilus, -i, [Gr. '''IAos], m. : I. The 
mythical founder of Ilium, grand- 
father of Priam ; 2. A son of Dar- 
danus, and great-uncle of Xo. I ; 
3. A name of lulus ; 4. A Rutulian. 

Ilva, -ae, [prob. borrowed], f., Elba, 



the island off the coast of Etruria, 
famous for its rich iron-mines. 

imago, -inis, [fima- (stem of 
fimS, simple verb, whence imi- 
tor, cf. dictito, die to) + go (cf. 
vorago)], f., a representation, 
an imitation, a copy : genitoris 
(a resemblance) ; formae (empty 
form) ; Lunae (reflection) ; Ae- 
neae (appearance, in a compari- 
son). — Concretely, a statue, a 
representation (in art) : Iani ; 
maris ; rerum. - — Esp., a phan- 
tom, a shade, an apparition, a 
form : magna mei (/, a renowned 
shade) ; pallentis Adrasti. — Of 
the mind, a picture, a conception, 
. an image, an idea : confusa re- 
rum ; pietatis ; pugnae ; maior 
Martis (more vivid picture)', 
plurima mortis (form). — Fig., 
echo. 

Imaon, -onis, m., a Rutulian. 

mibellis, -e, [in-bello- (reduced, 
and decl. as adj., cf. exanimis)], 
adj., utrwarlike, peaceful, effe??ii- 
nate : telum (ineffective) ; Indi. 

imber, -bris, [V* 1110 + rus (weak- 
ened), akin to u/jL,8pos, Sk. abhras~], 
m., rain (violent and sudden, cf. 
pluvia), rain-storm, storm, rain- 
cloud : frigidus; hibernus; aes- 
tivus efiusus imbribus; verberat 
humum; ater; extremus bru- 
mae. — Also, as a genial agency, 
showers, rain : largus ; amicus ; 
laetus ; fecundi. — Less exactly, 
water (of the sea) : inimicus. — 
Poetically, as in Eng. : ferreus 
(hail, of weapons). 

Imbrasides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic 
fr. Imbrasus], m., son of ' Imbrasus. 

Imbrasus, -I, [?], m., a Lycian, 
father of Glaucus and Lades. 

imbrex, -icis, [fimbri + cus (re- 
duced)], f. (or m.), a tile (hollow, 
of the Italian form, for covering 
roofs). — Collectively, in sing., 
tiles, tilijig. 

imbrifer, -era, -erum, [+imbri- 
fer (yfer + us)], adj., bringing 
rain, rainy. 



136 



Vocabulary. 



imbuo, -bill, -bntum, -buere, 
[?, perh. akin to imber, fr. tim- 
ber- (^/imb -f- u, cf. acuo, cf. also 
Sk. ambhas, water)~\, 3. v. a., soak, 
wet (either used of the liquid or 
with the liquid). — Less exactly, 
stain : agnus aram (by sacri- 
fice) ; sanguis arma ; sanguine 
bellum. 

imitabilis, -e, [fimita- (stem of 
imitor) + bilis], adj., i mi table : 
non imitabile fulmen {illimita- 
ble). 

imitatus, -a, -um, p.p. of imitor. 

imitor, -atus, -ari, [fi^iito- (stem 
of imitus, p.p. of fimo, cf. ima- 
go, aemulus)], 1. v. dep., imi- 
tate, counterfeit, represent, copy : 
Pana canendo {rival) ; Satyr os ; 
imitata vox sonitus tubarum 
(resembling, ringing like). 

immanis (in-), -e, [in- stem akin 
to manus, perh. manus itself], 
adj., (either savage or monstrous, 
both which meanings are common 
and run into each other), huge, 
monstrous, enormous ; membra ; 
dorsum; antrum; armenta (of 
■monsters). — In fig. sense, mon- 
strous, inhuman, zvild, fierce, sav- 
age, cruel : nefas ; gens. — Neut. 
as adv., enormously y wildly : im- 
mane sonat (roars wildly) ; spi- 
rans (fiercely, in wrath) . 

immatiirus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
maturus], adj., unripe, imma- 
ture. — Fig., premature, untimely. 

immedicabilis (in-), -e, [in-medi- 
cabilis], adj., incurable : telum 
(because poisoned). 

immemor ( m -)> -oris, [in-me- 
mor], adj., unmindful 9 forgetful, 
regardless, thoughtless, heedless, 
unheeding. — "Poetically, free from 
memory (of the souls of the dead 
drinking the waters of Lethe) . 

immensus ( m -)> -a, -um, [in- 
mensus], adj., unmeasured, im- 
measurable, immense, huge, un- 
bounded, enormous, boundless, vast. 
■ — Fig., tremendous, prodigious : 
clamor; agmen; aquarum. 



immergo, -mersl, -mersum, 
-mergere, [in-mergo], 3. v. a., 

plunge, drown, overwhelm : me 
ponto ; unda virum. 

immeritus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
meritus], adj., undeserving. — 
Esp., undeserving of evil, unoffend- 
ing : Priami gens. 

immineo (in-), no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [in-mineo], 2. v. n., over- 
hang, project over. — Less exactly 
and fig., threaten, menace, be close 
at hand: globus (of the enemy) ; 
hostis muris. 

immisceo (in-), -miscul, -mis- 
tum (-mixtum), -miscere, [in- 
misceo], 2. v. a., mix in, mingle : 
maculae igni. — Less exactly and 
fig. : admonet immiscetque pre- 
ces (mingles prayers with his 
warning) ; manus manibus(;« in- 
gle fist zvith fist, poetically of box- 
ers) ; immixti Danais (mingled 
with) ; crabro se imparibus ar- 
mis (join in unequal combat) ; 
se armis (plunge) ; nocte (nubi) 
se (vanish, be lost). 

immissus (in-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
immitto. 

immftis (in-), -e, [in-mitis], adj., 
cruel, ruthless, ferocious : nidi 
(poetically of birds that feed on 
bees).^ 

immitt5 (in-), -mlsl, -missum, 
-mittere, [in-mitto], 3. v. a., let 
go in, send in, let in, send to : 
apros fontibns; socios portis 
(ad/nit) ; vadis ratem (drive, 
force) ; immittuntur plantae (set 
in, graft in) ; Alpes apertas 
(bring dozvn, of Hannibal bringing 
the Gauls against Rome). — Esp. 
in p.p. : lumen immissum (shin- 
ing in) ; hostes (bursting in) ; 
immissae ferae silvis et sidera 
caelo (let loose, see next division, 
... sent abroad) ; superis Aliec- 
to (sent dozvn, with accessory 
notion of let loose) ; ignes (let 
loose). — Less exactly (cf. last ex- 
amples above), let loose, let fly, let 
go : hastile ; immissa barba ; 



1 



Vocabulary. 



137 



(flowing) . — With reflexive, or in 
pass., throw one's self, rush : aes- 
tus (flow). — Esp. of driving, let 
loose, let go, spur on : habenas ; 
iuga ; — so also : fanes ; velis 
rudentes; palmes immissus (un- 
checked). — Fig., inspire, inflict : 
cur as. 

immixtus (in-) , p.p. of im- 
misceo. 

immo [abl. of Imus (in-mus, su- 
perl. of in)], adv., (in the lowest 
degree), more or less contradicting 
what precedes, often to assert some- 
thing stronger, no , nay, nay rather, 
nay but. 

immobilis (in-), -e, [in-mobilis] , 
adj., immovable, unmoved (lit. and 
fig.) : Ausonia (u7ishaken) . 

immolo (in-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fimmolo- (in-mola, decl. as 
adj.), from sprinkling the meal on 
the head of the victim], 1. v. a., 
i?nmolate, sacrifice, offer. — Less 
exactly, kill (cf. macto), slay. 

immortalis (in-), -e, [in-morta- 
lis], adj., immortal, undying, eter- 
nal : fas (of immortality). 

immotus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
motus, p.p. of moveo], adj., un- 
moved, undisturbed, im?novable, 
unshake?t, secure, fixed: unda 
{tranquil). — Also, fig. in same 
senses : mens ; fata lumina 
(fixed) ; immotum sederet am- 
ino (j,7?i?nov ably fixed). 

immugio (in-), -ivi (-ii), -Itum, 
Ire, [in-mugio], 4. v. n., roar 
within, bellow within. — Fig., re- 
sound within : regia luctu. 

immulgeo (in-), no perf., no sup., 
-mulgere, [in-mulgeo], 2. v. a., 
milk i7ito : ubera labris. 

immundus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
mundus], adj., unclean, foul, 
filthy : cinis (unsightly). 

immunis (in-), -e, [in-munis, with- 
out a share, cf. communis], adj., 
free from, secure from : belli. — 
Also (contributing nothing), idle, 
inert. 

immurmuro (in-), -avi, -atum, 



-are, [m-murmuro], 1. v. n., 
murmur in. 

impacatus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
pacatus], adj., unpacified, uncon- 
quered. 

impar (in-), -paris, [in-par], adj., 
unequal, uneven, ill-matched, odd 
(of number) ; puer congressus 
Achilli {on unequal terms) ; fata 
(as between two combatants). 

impastus (in-), -a, -um, [in-pas- 
tus], adj., unfed, hungry. 

impatiens (in-), -entis, [in-pa- 
tiens], adj., impatient : vulneris 
(frenzied by). 

impavidus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
pavidus], adj., uyiterrified, U7i- 
dawited, without fear. 

impedio (in-), -Ivi (-ii), -Itum, 
-ire, [fimped- (cf. expedio, 
compes) as if fimpedi-], 4. v. a., 
entangle, e7itzvi7ie: loricam hasta 
(pin fast) . — Less exactly, hi7ider, 
i77ipede, ha77iper. — Fig., hinder, 
preveTit, delay : mora ignaros. 

impello (in-), -pull, -pulsum, 
-pellere, [in-pello], 3. v. a., strike 
upon, strike, lash : luctus aures ; 
marmor remis. — Also, of the re- 
sult, push over, overthrozv, over- 
turn. — Esp., urge on, urge, drive 9 
force oil : puppim ; impulsa sa- 
gitta; impulsus furiis Cassan- 
drae; impulsus vomer (driving 
the plough) ; undas Zephyri. — 
Fig., urge, t77ipel, induce, force, 
co7npel ; also (see second division 
above), shake : animum. — Poeti- 
cally : arma (excite war, as by the 
clash of_weapons). 

impendeo (in-), no perf., no sup., 
-pendere, [in-pendeo], 2. v. n., 
overhang. — Fig., threaten, im- 
pend; jyentus. 

impendo (in-), -pendi, -pensum, 
-pendere, [in-pendo], 3. v. a., ex- 
pend 07t. — Fig., expe7id, devote, be- 
stow, apply : laborem ; curam. — 
impensus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
spe7tt, expended. — Neut. plur., ex- 
penses, cost. 

impense [abl. of impensus], adv., 



138 



Vocabulary. 



expensively. — Less exactly, earn- 
estly, seriously, vehemently. 

impensus, -a, -um, p.p. of im- 
pendo. 

Imperditus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
perditus], adj., ten-destroyed : cor- 
pora Graiis (not slaughtered). 

imperfectus (in-), -a, -um, [In- 
perfectus], adj., unaccomplished, 
unfinished. 

imperito (in-), avi, -atum, -are, 
[as if fimperito- (stem of sup- 
posed p.p. of impero)], I. v. n., 
command, be lord of: pecori (of 
a bull). 

imperium (in-), [fimpero-, ar- 
ranging, cf. opiparus (reduced) 
-f ium (n. of -ius), cf. impero], 
n., requisition (prob. orig. mean- 
ing), command, control, authority, 
siuay, rule. — Concretely, a com- 
mand, an order, an empire, a 
power. 

impero (in-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fimpero- (cf. imperium), but 
cf. paro], I. v. a. and n., demand 
(of a requisition, prob. the original 
meaning). — command (esp. of 
military authority), rule, order: 
tolli corpus; arvis. 

imperterritus (in-), -a, -um, 
[in-perterritus], adj., witerri- 
fied, undaunted, undis77iayed. 

impetus (in-), -us, [in-fpetus 
(^/pet + us, cf. petulcus, per- 
petuus)], m., an inpinging, a 
violent rush, an impetus, an im- 
■ pulse, force, violence • (of attack), 
vehemence, momentum. 

impexus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
pexus], adj., uncombed, unkempt. 

impiger (in-), -gra, -grum, [in- 
piger], adj., active, energetic: 
hausit pateram {nothing loth) . 

impingo (in-), -pegi, -pactum, 
-pingere, [in-pango], 3. v. a., 
dash against : agmina muris 
{force to) . 

impius (in-), -a, -um, [in-pius], 
adj., impious, sacrilegious, godless. 
— Less exactly, accursed (of any- 
thing without divine qualities of 



mercy and justice) : Mars ; Furor ; 
Fama. — Poetically : fata (of im- 
piety) ; Tartar a {impious, the 
abode of the impious). — Masc, 
impious wretch. 

implacabilis (in-), -e, [in-placa- 
bilis], adj., inexorable, unappeas- 
able, implacable. 

implacatus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
placatus], adj., inexorable, insa- 
tiable. 

impleo (in-), -plevi, -pletum, 
-plere, [in-tpleo,.cf. compleo], 
2. v. a., fill in, fill tip, fill : mulc- 
tralia vaccae ; implentur fos- 
sae ; sinus {szvell) ; manum pinu 
{seize with full hand) . — Less ex- 
actly, of sounds, &c, fill with, in- 
spire : nemus querelis ; animum 
veris ; Rutulos animis ; nuntius 
Turnum {fill the ears of) ; sinum 
sanguis {overflow) . — Fig., satis- 
fy, satiate : implentur Bacchi 
veteris {drink their fill) ; amo- 
rem genitoris. 

implico (in-), -plicavi (-plicui), 
-plicatum (-plicitum), -plica- 
re, [in-plico], 1. v. a., entwine, 
interzveave, enfold, entaiigle : co- 
mam laeva {grasp) ; se dextrae 
{clasp) ; pedes (of an eagle seiz- 
ing a serpent, grasp with) ; tem- 
pora ramo {encircle) ; ossibus 
ignem {kindle) ; equitem (of a 
falling horse, pin down) ; natam 
telo {bind) ; totas acies {mingle 
in confusion) . — Fig., entangle, 
involve : vos fortuna bello. 

imploro (in-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[in-ploro], 1. v. a. and n., call 
upon (cf. exploro), beseech, im- 
plore, beg for. 

implumis (in-), -e, [in-fpluma 
(weakened, decl. as adj.)], adj., 



impono (in-), -posul, positum, 
-ponere, [in-pono], 3. v. a., place 
upon, place, lay, pour (of a liba- 
tion), serve up. — Fig., impose, lay 
upon, fix, put, enjoin : finem 
pugnae ; pacis morem {ordain) ; 
dominum patriae. 



Vocabulary. 



139 



* importunus (in-), -a, -urn, [in- 
portunus, cf. Portunus], adj., 

(doubtless a sea-term, cf. oppor- 
tunus), untimely, unsuitable, in- 
convenient. — Also, troublesome, 
dangerous. — Of moral qualities, 
cruel, unreasonable. — Transferred 
to augury, ill-boding, ill-omened. 

impositus, -a, -urn, p.p. of im- 
pono. 

imprecor (in-), -atus, -ari, [in- 
precor], 1. v. dep., pray (for 
something against some one) : li- 
tora litoribus contraria. 

imprimo, -press!, -pressum, -ere, 
[in-premo], 3. v. a., impress. 

imprimis, see in. 

improbus (in-), -a, um, [in-pro- 
bus], adj., wicked, bad, villainous, 
malicious, mischievous, fierce, 
cruel, shai?ieless, ravenous, un- 
principled: fortuna {malicious 
goddess) ; mons {destructive) ; 
rabies veniris {ravening) ; labor 
(" rascal," as if the enemy of man). 
— Rarely in a good sense, cun- 
ning, shrewd. 

improperatus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
properatus], adj., lingering. 

improvidus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
providus], adj., unforeseeing : 
pectora turbat {startled). 

improvlsus (in-), -a, -um, [in- 
provisus], adj., unforeseen, unex- 
pected, sudden. — improvlso, abl., 
on a sudden, unexpectedly. 

imprudens (in-), -entis, [in-pru- 
dens], adj!, not anticipating, sur- 
prised,incautious, ignorant: frons 
laborum {unused to) ; evaserat 
hostes {withozit knowing it) . 

impubes '(in-), -is (also -eris), 
[in-pubes, decl. as adj.], adj., 
beardless, youthful. 

impulsus (in-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
impello. 

impulsus (in), -us, [in-pulsus, 
cf. impello]., m., a shock. 

impunis (in-), -e, [in-f poena 
(weakened, decl. as adj., cf. ex- 
animis)], adj., unpunished. -~ 
impune, neut. ace. as adv., with 



impunity. — Less exactly, without 
danger, safely, without harm. 

Imus, -a, -um, superl. of inferus. 

in [I. E. pron. -^/AN, cf. Or. avi, «/], 
prep. With abl., in, within, on, 
upon, among. — In all Eng. senses. 

— Special phrases : in manibus, 
close at hand : bis in hora, twice 
an hour; in primis (impri- 
mis), among the first, especially. 

— Often, in the matter of, in case 
of, in regard to : in noste ; in 
Daphnide {for) ; in hoste Pria- 
mo. — With ace, into, upon, 
among, to, towards, against, at, 
for : nos* in sceptra reponis {re- 
store to power, &c.) ; in solidum 
finditur via; adspirant aurae 
in noctem {blow on into, &c.) ; 
intecommittere(/^«); quietum 
in Teucros animum {towards)-, 
compositi in turmas; cura in 
vitulos traducitur {to) ; se con- 
dit in undas (in); in agros 
{over). — Esp. of distribution, 
a?nong: in naves ; spargere in 
volgum ; in versum distulit ul- 
mos {in). — Also of purpose, ten- 
dency, &c, for : usum in castro- 
rum ; audere in praelia ; in 
lumina ; in medium {for the 
common advantage, but also, into 
the middle). — Often, on account 
of different English conception, 
in, on : considere in ignes ; in 
numernm {in time, to the meas- 
ure) ; in spem ; in puppim ferit. 

— Special phrases : in plumam 
{in the manner of, so as to make) ; 
in obliquum {transversely)-, in 
dies {from day to day) ; in vicem, 
invicem {in turn) ; in octo pe- 
des {up to) ; in noctem {tozuards). 

— Of apparel, &c, in, with : ig- 
nota in veste. 

inaccessus, -a, -um, [in-acces- 
sus], adj., {unapproached), inac- 
cessible (cf. acceptus, acceptable). 

Inachius, -a, -um, [flnacho- (re- 
duced) + ins], adj., of Inachus, 
Inachian, — Less exactly, ofArgos, 
Argive, Grecian. 



140 



Vocabulary. 



Inachus, -I, [Gr. "ivaxos], m., son 
of Oceanus and Tethys, the mythic 
founder of Argos, and father of Io. 

inamabilis, -e, [in-amabilis],adj., 
unlovely, hateful. 

inanis, -e, [?], adj., empty, void, 
substanceless : rotae (unloaded) ; 
regna (of the shades). — Fig., 
empty, idle, useless, purposeless, 
meaningless : verba (counterfeit) . 

inaratus, -a, -vim, [in-aratus], 
adj., unploughed, untitled. 

inardesco, -arsi, no sup., -ardes- 
cere, [in-ardesco], 3. v. n. incept., 
take fire. — Less exactly, blaze, 
glow, redden^ 

Inarime, -es, [Gr. eiv 'Apifxois, the 
place where Typhoeus was sup- 
posed to lie], f., an island in the 
Tuscan Sea, also called /Enaria 
(now Ischid). 

inausus, -a, -um, [in-ausus], adj., 
undared, unattenipted. 

incandesco, -candul, no sup., 
-candescere, [in-candesco], 3. 
v. n. incept., glow. 

incanesco, -canul, no sup., -ca- 
nescere, [in-canesco], 3. v. n. 
incept., whiten, beco?7ie gray. 

incanus, -a, -um, [in-canus], adj., 
covered with gray, gray, hoary. 

incassum (also separate), see cas- 

SUS. ', 

incautus, -a, -am, [in-cautus] , 

adj., incautious, careless, off one's 
guard, in one's ignorance. 

incedo, -cessi, -cessum, -cedere, 
[in-cedo], 3. v. n., move on, pro- 
ceed, move, advance. 

incendium, -1 (-il), [in-fcan- 
dium, or fincendo- (in-cando-, 
cf. candificus) + ium], n., a 
burning, a fire, fire, a conflagra- 
tion. 

incendo, -cendl, -censum, -cen- 
dere, [in-cando, cf. accendo], 
3. v. a., set on fire, kindle, burn : 
aras votis (light) ; squamam 
fulgor (light up). — incensus, 
-a, -um, p.p., burning, on fire, 
fired. — Fig., fire, excite, set on 
fire : caelum clamor (fill). 



incensus, -a, -um, p.p. of incendo. 

inceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of incipio. 

incertus, -a, -um, [in-certiis], 
adj., uncertain, doubtful, waver- 
ing, unsteady, irregular, vague. 

incesso, -Ivi, 3. v. a., assault, attack. 

incessus, -us, [in-fcessus], m., 
a walk, a gait, an advance. 

incesto, -avl, -atum, -are, [fin- 
cestp-], I. v. a., defile, pollute. 

inchoo, see incoho, the more ap- 
proved spelling. 

incido, -cidi, -casum, -cidere, 
[in-cado], 3. v. n., fall upon, 
happen upon, meet: animo deus 
(enter) . 

incido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 
[in-caedo], 3. v. a., cut into, cut 
off, cut, hack. — Of the effect, cut 
(make by cutting). — So also: 
amores arboribus (cut on). — 
Fig., cut off, sever, decide, settle : 
lites. 

incinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of incingo. 

incingo, -cinxi, -cinctum, -cin- 
gere, [in-cingo], 3. v. a., gird 
(upon one's self or another). — 
From the fashion of ancient gar- 
ments, clothe'. 

incipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipere, 
[in-capio], 3. v. a. and n., begin, 
undertake. — inceptus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., begun, inceptive, in- 
cipient, partially accomplished, at- 
tempted. — Neut, an undertaking, 
an attempt, a purpose (partially 
accomplished). — Also (as in Eng- 
lish), begin (to speak, &c). 

incito, -avi, -atum, -are, [fin- 
cito-], 1. v. a., set in motion, agi- 
tate, urge on. — Fig., arouse, ex- 
cite, spur on. 

incitus, -a, -nm, [p.p. of f incieo, 
in-citus], adj., (set hi motion), 
rapid, szvift, active. 

inclementia, -ae, [finclement -f 
ia], f., cruelty, rigor, harshness. 
— Also, of things, cruel fate, harsh 
condition, bitterness : mortis. 

incllnatus, -a, -um, p.p. of inclino. 

inclino, -avl, -atum, -are, [in- 
clino], I. v. a; and n., bend 



Vocabulary. 



141 



(towards), incline. — Esp., bend 
downwards. — inclinatus, -a, 
-vim, p.p. as adj., bent downwards, 
falling, fa iling : domus . 

includo, -clusi, -clusum, -clude- 
re, [in-claudo], 3. v. a., shut up, 
shut in, enclose, surround : vitani 
sanguine {choke) . — inclusus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., shut up, in 
confinement, enclosed, confined: 
in numine cervns {caught) . 

inclusus, -a, -um, p.p. of includo. 

inclutus (incly-), -a, -um, [fclu- 
tus, p.p. of clueo, with in], adj., 
famous, renowned, fained. 

inclytus, -a, -um ; see inclutus. 

incoctus, -a, -um, p.p. of incoquo. 

incognitus, -a, -um, [in-cogni- 
tus], adj., unknown, uncertain. 

incolio (inehoo), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [?], I. v. a., begin, under- 
take^ 

incolo, -colul, no sup., -colere, 
[in-colo], 3. v. a.,dwellin, inhabit. 

incolumis, -e, [?], adj., safe, un- 
harmed, uninjured. 

incomitatus, -a, -um, [in-comi- 
tatus], adj., unattended, unaccom- 
panied. 

incommodus, -a, -um, [in-com- 
modus], adj., inconve7iient, rut- 
pleasant. — Neut., an inconven- 
ience, a trouble, a misfortune. 

incompositus, -a, -um, [in-com- 
positus], adj., not arranged, ir- 
regular, rude. 

incomptus, -a, -um, [in-comp- 
tus], adj., unadorned, rude, un- 
polished. 

inconcessus, -a, -um, [in-conces- 
sus], adj., unallowed, forbidden, 
unlawful. 

inconditus, -a, -um, [in-condi- 
tus], adj., not arranged, rtule, 
unpolished. 

inconsultus, -a, -um, [in-con- 
sultus], adj., tmadvised, without 
advice. 

incoquo, -coxi, -coctum, -co- 
quere, [in-coquo], 3. v. a., boil 
in, cook in. — From the process, 
dye, color; vellera Tyrios in- 



cocta rubores (Gr. ace, dyed with, 

increbresco (-besco), -brui, no 
sup., -brescere, [in-crebresco], 
3. v. n., thicken, increase, grow 
louder (cf. creber) : nomen {be 
spread abroad). 

incredibilis, -e, [in-credibilis] , 
adj., incredible. 

incrementum, -i, [as if fincre- 
(cf. incresco) + mentum], n., 
increase. — Less exactly, progeny, 
offspring. 

increpito, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
crepito], 1. v. a., {rattle)', chide 
(cf. increpo), rebuke, taunt, find 
fault with. 

increpo,-avi (-ui) ,-atum (-itum) , 
-are, [in-crepo], 1. v. a. and n., 
rattle, clatter, sound: malis 
{gnash) ; sonitum {blare). — Of a 
continued cry, chide, rebuke, taunt, 
ttpbraid. 

incresco, -crevi, -cretum, -cres- 
cere, [in-cresco], 3. v. n., grow 
in, grow up. — Fig., arise, swell. 

incubo,-avi(-ui),-atum(-itum), 
-are, [in-cubo], 1. v. n., lie down 
upon, lie upon. — Fig., fall upon 
(of a storm), brood upon, strike 
(of winds, &c), burst, bend one's 
energies, strive, exert one^s self. — 
Esp., lie upon (to watch), guard 
(in secret), hoard. 

incultus, -a, -um, [in-cultus], 
adj!, uncultivated, untitled, wild, 

— Fig. (cf. colo), unkempt, im- 
cared for. — -Neut. plur., -wild' re- 
gions, deserts. 

incumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [in-fenmbo], 3. v. n., 
lie upon, lean upon, lean over : 
laurus arae {overhang). — Fig., 
brood upon, settle on, bend to (of 
oars, &c), strive, threaten, aim at. 

— In proverbial expressions : fato 
urgent!, lend one'' s weight to, urge 
on, hasten. 

incurro, -curri (-cucurri), -cur- 
sum, -currere, [in-curro] , 3. v. n., 
' rush 011, rush in, rush. 
incursus, -us, [in-cursus, cf. in- 



142 



Vocabulary. 



curro], m., a rush, an attack, an 
inroad. 

incurvo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
curvo], i. v. a., bend. 

incurvus, -a, -um, [in-eurvus], 
adj., befit, crooked. 

incus, -udis, [in-^/cud (as stem)], 
f., an anvil. 

incuso, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
fcauso, cf. causor], I. v. n., ac- 
cuse, blame, find fault with. 

incusus, -a, -um, p.p. of incudo 
(unused), hammered out, wrought. 

incutio, -cussi, -cuss vim, -cutere, 
[in-t^uatio], 3. v. a., strike into. 

— Fig., dash, lend, inspire. 
indago, -inis, [f indago- (indu- 

agus, cf. prodigus) + o], f., 
toils, nets. 
inde [im (case of is, cf. nine) -de 
(cf. dehinc)], adv., from there, 
fro?n this, from that place, thence. 

— Less exactly, then, next, after- 
wards. — Phrases : iam inde a 
teneris, even from infancy ; iam 
inde ut, immediately when. 

indebitus, -a, -um, [in-debitus] , 
adj., 710 1 due, unpromised. 

indecor (indecoris), -oris, [in- 
decus, decl. as adj.], adj., without 
honor, inglorious, unhonored : in- 
decores non erimus regno {no 
disgrace) . 

indefessus, -a, -um, [in-defes- 
sus], adj., unwearied, untiring, 
unfailing. 

indeprehensus (-prensus), -a, 
-um, [in-deprehensus], adj., un- 
observed, undiscovered, unper- 
ceived. 

India, -ae, [f. of adj. fr. Indus], 
f., the country beyond the Indus, 
embracing loosely much more than 
the modern region of that name. 

indicium, -I (-ii), [f indie- (in- 
dex) + ium], n., an information, 
a disclosure, a charge, testimony. 

— Less exactly, a sign, indication, 
a mark (to give information). 

indico, -dlxi, -dictum, -dicere, 
[in-dico], 3. v. a., declare, make 
known, publish, proclaim. — Esp. 



of authoritative utterance, order, 
appoint, enjoin : primis iuvenum 
iter {command to make)-, choros 
tibia Bacchi (summon) . 

indictus, -a, : um, [in-dictus], 
adj., unsaid, unsung (cf. dico) : 
nee te abibis nostris carminibus 
{unhonored). 

indigena, -ae, [indu-fgena (cf. 
Graiugena)], m. or f. (used as 
adj.), native bom, native, of the 
country (opp. to foreign). 

indigeo, -igui, no sup., -igere, 
[indigo-], 2. v. n., need, want, re- 
quire. 

indiges, -etis, [indu-fges (Vg a > 
shorter form of ^/gen + tis, re- 
duced)], m., native. — Esp., a na- 
tive god or hero raised to the rank 
of a local divinity, home-born. 

indignatus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
dignor. 

indignor, -atus, -ari, [indigno-], 
I. v. dep., deem tinworthy, be in- 
dignant at, disdain, scorn, chafe 
at, be indignant, be angry. 

indignus, -a, -um, [in-dignns], 
adj., unworthy, tindeserving, 
shameful, unbecoming, undeserved, 
unjust: digna atque indigna 
relatu (Just and unjust taunts) ; 
digna indigna pati (both just 
and undeserved woes). 

indigus, -a, -um, [indu-tegns ? 
(cf. egeo), but cf. also prodigus], 
adj., in need, needing: nostrae 
opis (requiring). 

indiscretus, -a, -um, [in-discre- 
tus], adj., undistinguishable (cf. 
acceptus, acceptable) . 

indocilis, -e, [in-docilis], adj., 
unteachable, untamed, untamable. 

indoctus, -a, -um, [in-doctus], 
adj., untaught, unlearned, igno- 
rant, unskilled. 

indoles, -is, [indu-foles (lost stem 
fr. -y/'ol, cf. olesco)], f., character 
(inborn), 7iative worth, nature, 
spirit (as natural disposition). 

indomitus, -a,-um, [in-domitus], 
adj., untamed, untrained, unbro- 
ken, wild, savage, rude. — Less ex- 



Vocabulary. 



143 



actly, untamable, indomitable. — 
Yig., fierce, untamed, invincible. 

indormio, -ivi, -Itum, -ire, [in- 
dormio], 4. v. n., sleep on. 

indubito, -avl, -atum, -are, [in- 
dubito], 1. v. n., doubt, distrust : 
viribus. 

indued, -duxl, -ductum, -ducere, 
[in-duco], 3. v. a., lead on, lead, 
bring in : fluvium (let in) ; onus 
Aurora. — Less exactly, draw on, 
draw over : caestus manibus. — 
So by change of point of view: 
inducitur artus tunica, clothes 
his frame with &c; fontes um- 
bra, cover with. — Fig., induce : 
inductus pretio {bribe) . 

inductus, -a, -urn, p.p. of induco. 

indulge ntia, -ae, [findulgent-f 
ia], f., favor, indulgence. 

indulgeo, -ulsl, -ultum, -ulgere, 
[?, prob. fr. noun-stem, perh. akin 
to volgus, cf. first example], 2.v.n., 
give room to : ordinibus. — Also, 
with unc. connection of ideas, 
favor, be co7nplaisant, indulge, be 
indulgent. — Esp., indulge in, give 
way to : vino ; choreis. 

indu [in-do (case-form of pron. 
^/da)], old form of in in comp. 

induresco, -durul, no sup., du- 
rescere, [in-duresco], 3. v. n. 
incept. ,grow hard, harden, congeal. 

Indus, -a, -urn, [Gr. 'I*/5os], adj., 
of India, Indian. — Plur., the In- 
dians, people of India. 

induo, -ui, -utum, -uere, [?, cf. 
exuo], 3. v. a., put on, assume, 
take 07t. — With change of point 
of view, clothe {one '.? self or an- 
other), deck with, adorn : quos ex 
facie hominum in voltus fera- 
rum {change from &c, clothing in 
&c.) ; se nux in florem {clothe 
itself in bloo?n). — Esp. in pass., 
put on, clothe one's self with : lori- 
cam ; indutus exuvias {clad in) ; 
vestes indutae {on the body). 

industria, -ae, [findustri-(?, indu 
-(-unc. stenO+ia, cf. industrius], 
diligence, industry. 

indutus, -a, -um, p.p. of induo. 



ineluetabilis, -e, [in-eluctabilis], 

adj., inevitable. 

inemptus (-emtus), -a, -um, [in- 
emptus], adj., unbought, of no 
cost : dapes. 

inermis, -e (-us, -a, -.um), [in- 
farmo- (weakened and decl.- as 
adj.)], adj., unarmed, defenceless, 

ineo, -Ivi (-il), -itum, -ire, [in-eo], 
irr. v. a. and n., go in, co?ne in, 
enter, enter upon, go into. — Less 
exactly and fig., enter tipon, fall 
into, take up, take part i7i ; pro- 
scenia ludi {come tipon) . 

iners, -ertis, [in-ars, decl. as adj.], 
adj., {without skill), helpless, in- 
active, idle, sluggish, cowardly, 
spiritless : oculi {heavy) ; voces 
{useless) ; corpora {lifeless, dead) ; 
umor {stagnant). 

inexcitus, -a, -um, [in-excitus], 
adj., unmoved, undisturbed. 

inexhaustus, -a, -um, [in-ex- 
haustus], adj., unexhausted, in- 
exhaustible. 

inexorabilis, -e, [in-exorabilis] , 
adj., iiiexorable : fatum. 

inexpertus, -a, -um, [in-exper- 
tus], adj., untried, unattei?ipted . 

inexpletus, -a, -um, [in-exple- 
tus], adj., unsatisfied, insatiable. 
— Neut. as adv., insatiably : lacri- 
mans {not to be sated with weep- 
ing). 

inexsaturabilis, -e, [in-exsatu- 
rabilis], adj., insatiate. 

inextricabilis, -e, [in-extricabi- 
lis], adj., inextricable. 

Infabricatus, -a, -um, [in-fabri- 
catus] , adj ., unwr ought, unfor??ied. 

Infandus, -a, -um, [in-fandus], 
adj., unspeakable. — Less exactly, 
horrible, dreadful, accursed. — 
Xeut., in apposition with the sen- 
tence, O horror / — As adv., hor- 
ribly. 

Inf ans, -antis, [in-fans, p. of for], 
adj., speechless. — As subst., an in- 
fant, a child. 

infaustus, -a, -um, [in-faustus], 
adj., ill-omened, ill-fated: omen 
{evil, ill-boding). 



144 



Vocabulary. 



infectus, -a, -um, p.p. of inficio. 
Infectus, -a, -um, [in-f actus], 

adj., not made, not done, undone, 
incomplete, unfinished : aurum 
{u7iwr ought) \ foedus {invalid). 

Infecundus (foe-), -a, -um, [in- 
fecundus], adj., sterile, tmfruit- 
ful. 

Infelix, -Icis, [in-felix], adj., un- 
fruitful (cf. felix), sterile. — Also, 
unlucky, U7ifortunate, ill-07?iened, 
wretched, ill-fated : equus infelix 
studiorum {disappointed in his 
favorite pursuit) . 

inf ensus, -a, -um, [p.p. of f infen- 
do, cf. defendo], adj., {dashed 
against ?), hostile, deadly, danger- 
ous, inimical. — Esp. of weapons, 
levelled, at charge : tela ; spicula 
vertunt {level). 

inferiae, -arum, [finfero- (re- 
duced) -f ia (prob. a noun omit- 
ted, victimae?)'], f. plur., a sacri- 
fice (to the gods below in honor 
of the dead), funeral rites. . 

infernus, -a, -um, [finfero- (re- 
duced) + nus], adj.*, of the lower 
world, of the gods below, of Hades. 

Infero, intull, inlatum, Inferre, 
[in-fero], irr. v. a., bring in, bring 
to, bear on, bring, introduce : bel- 
lum {make, of offensive war) ; 
deos {introduce) ; acies {lead) ; 
gressus {tum)\ ignes {hurl); 
rates {urge on). — Esp. of offer- 
ings, offer, sacrifice : honores. — 
With reflexive or in pass., rush, 
advance, proceed. 

Inferus, -a, -um, [unc. stem+rus], 
adj., (inferior, Infimus, Imus), 
low, below, beneath. — Comp., infe- 
rior, less : inferiora secutus {a 
lozver destiny) : numero {weaker 
in numbers). — Superl., lowest, 
deepest, nethermost, the bottom of, 
the depths of, innermost : ad pedes 
{even to the very feet) ; manes {the 
lowest depths) . — Phrases : ab imo, 
ex imo, from the bottom, utterly, 
from the foundations. 

infestus, -a, -Um, [p.p. of fin- 
fendo, cf. inf ensus] 9 adj., hostile, 



destructive, fatal: hdbsba,{levelled) ; 
volnus {deadly thrust). 

Inficio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 
[in-facio], irr. v. a., {work in ?), 
dye, stain. — Also, mix, poison, 
taint, infect, impregnate. — in- 
fectus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
stained, i?npregnated. — Also, po- 
etically : venenis Allecto, over- 
flowing; scelus, ingrown, of the 
earthly taint of crime. 

Infidus, -a, -um, [in-fidus], adj., 
faithless, treacherous. 

fnfigo, -fixi, -flxum, -figere, 
[in-figo], 3. v. a., fix in, fasten 
in: cornua {interlock). 

infindo, -fidi, -fissum, -findere, 
[in-findo], 3. v. a., cleave.— Of the 
effect, cleave (make by cleaving). 

Infit [in-fit, of fio], defective v. n., 
begin. — Esp. (cf. incipio), begin 
to speak, &c. 

infixus, -a, -um, p.p. of infigo. 

Inflammatus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
flammo. 

inflammo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
nammo], 1. v. a., set on fire.— 
Fig., fire, excite, inflame. 

Inflatus, -a, -um, p.p. of inflo. 

Inflo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in-flo], 
I. v. a., blow into, fill (with wind), 
'swell (of sails) : calamos {play) ; 
classica {sound)-, ebur {blow). 

— Less exactly, puff up, swell. 
Inflecto, -flexl, -flexum, -flec- 

tere, [in-necto], 3. v. a., bend. 

— Fig., ?7iove, affect, touch. — In- 
flexus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
curved, crooked, bent. 

Infletus, -a, -um, [in-netus], adj., 

linwept, unmourned. 
Inflexus, -a, -um, p.p. of inflecto. 
Inflictus, -a, -um, p.p. of infligo. 
Infligo, -fllxi, -fllctum, -fligere, 

[in-nigo], 3. v. a., dash upon, 

dash against. 
Influo, -fluxl, -fluxum, -fluere, 

[in-nuo], 3. v. n., flow in, flow 

into, e7?ipty (of rivers). 
Infodio, -f odi, -fossum, -fodere, 

[in-fodio] , 3. v. a., dig in, plant. 

— Esp., bury. 



Vocabulary. 



145 



Infoecundus, see infecundus. 

Informatus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
formo. 

Infonnis, -e, [in-forma (weakened 

and decl. as adj.)], adj., shapeless. 

• : — Also (cf. forma), unsightly, 

misshapen, hideous, horrid : letum 

(shameful, by hanging). 

informo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
formo], 1. v. a., shape, form, 
fashion. 

infra [prob. abl. of finfero-, cf. 
supra], adv., below, beneath: 
mare quod alluit infra (of the 
Tuscan Sea). 

Infractus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
fringe*. 

Infraeno, see infreno. 

Infraenus, see infrenis. 

infremo,.-fremui, ho sup., -f re- 
mere, [in-fremo], 3. v. n., growl, 
roar. 

Inf rendeo, no perf., no sup., -f reh- 
dere, [in-frendeo], 2. v. n., 
g?iash (the teeth). 

infrenis, -e, (-us, -a, -um), [in- 
ffreno- (decl. as adj.)], unbri- 
dled : Numidae {with unbridled 
horses), perhaps in a double sense. 

Infreno^ -are, I. v. a., harness. 

Inf ringo, -f regl, -f ractum, -f rin- 
gere, [in-frango], 3. v. a., break 
off, break, crush, shiver. — Fig., 
crush, shatter, break down, van- 
quish. — Infractus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., shattered, broken, 
crushed, overborne. 

infula, -ae, [perh. akin to Gr. <pa- 
Aos],*f., a fillet (a head-band of 
wool used in sacred rites). 

Inf undo, -fudl, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [in-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
on, pour out, pour down : latices 
(administer) ; sol infusus (shed- 
ding its light) ; populus (crowd- 
ed); nix infusa (fallen) ; mens 
infusa per artus (permeating, 
diffused) ; infusus gremio (ly- 
ing languidly, of Vulcan). 

Infusco, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
fusco], I. v. a., darken, stain. 

infusus, -a, -um, p.p. of inf undo. 



ingeminatus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
gemino. 

ingemino, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
gemino], 1. v. a. and n., redouble, 
repeat, renew: vulnera lateri 
(strike thick and fast) ; vox in- 
geminata (echoed)-, ingeminans 
Creusam vocavi (with repeated 
cries) . — Without obj., redouble, in- 
crease, be repeated: ignes (flash re- 
peatedly) ; Troes hastis (redouble 
their showers of spears) ; Austri 
(freshen) ; clamor (is redoubled). 

ingemo, -gemul, no sup., -geme- 
re, [in-gemo], 3. v. n. and a. (cf. 
doleo), groan, sigh, nioum, la- 
ment, moan. — Also, of animals, 
roar, low, bellow. 

ingenium, -I (-il), [in-fgenium 
(Vg en + ium, cf. genius), cf. 
ingeno], n., nature, intelligence. 
— Less exactly, of things, nature, 
character : arvorum. 

ingens, -entis, [in-gens, decl. as 
adj., out of its kind~\, adj., enor- 
mous, huge, vast, immense, great : 
argentum (a vast amount of) ; 
rura ; fumus. — Less exactly, of 
intangible objects, great, deep, 
severe, intense, mighty, marvel- 
lous, lotid: pectus (mighty heart) ; 
umbra (dense) ; gemitus ; ruina 
(mighty) ; pluvia (heavy) ; nox 
(thick) ; exitus (great, iniportant) ; 
manus (stout); volnus. — Also, 
as in English, of men, great, 
mighty, famous, illustrious : genus 
a proavis ; animis corpore ar- 
mis Herminius. 

ingero, -gessl, -gestum, -gerere, 
[in-gero], 3. v. a., heap up, hurl. 

inglorius, -a, -um, [in-fgloria 
(decl. as adj.)], adj., without hon- 
or, inglorious, mihonored. 

ingluvies, -el, [in-fgluvies ( ^/glu 
-f-ies, cf. glutio, gula)], f., the 
gullet, the crop, the maw. 

ingratus, -a, -um, [in-gratus], 
adj., unpleasing, disagreeable, un- 
grateful. — Also, ungrateful, un- 
heeding, thankless: pericula (yield- 
ing no return) . 



146 



Vocabulary. 



ingravo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 

gravo], 1. v. a., weigh down. — 
Fig., aggravate. 

ingredior, -gressus, -gredi, [in- 
gradior], 3. v. dep., walk, proceed, 
go, enter, land (from a vessel) : 
altius {step higher, of a horse). — 
Fig., enter upon, begin, undertake, 
enter on a way, proceed, go on. 

ingress us, -a, -um, p.p. of ingre- 
dior. 

ingressus, -us, [in-gressus, cf. in- 

. gredior], m., an entrance, a be- 
ginning, a rise. 

ingruo, -ui, no sup., -uere, [?], 
3. v. n., rush upon, assail, make 
an inroad upon. — Less exactly 
and fig., come on, fall upon, assail 
one, burst forth : umbra vitibus 
{break over) ; horror armorum 
(roll on) ; imber. 

inguen, -inis, [?], ri., the groin. — 
Plur. in same sense. 

inhaereo, -liaesi, -haesum, -hae- 
rere, [in-haereo], 2. v. n., cling to. 

inhibeo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [in- 
habeo], 2. v. a., hold in, check, 
restrain, stay. 

inhio, -a vl, -atum, -are, [in-hio], 
I. v. n., gape at, stand open- 
mouthed (with sudden emotion). 
— Also, from the expression of the 
face, gaze open-mouthed, pry into, 
gaze at. 

inhonestus, -a, -um, [in-hones- 
tus], adj., inglorious, dishonor- 
able. 

inhorreo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [in- 
horreo], 2. v. n., bristle, grow 
rough, roughen : messis campis 
{wave trembling). — So also, irr. 
as causative : aper armos, bristle 
tip. 

inhospitus, -a, -um, [in-hospitus, 
see hospitus], adj., inhospitable, 
danger otis. 

inhumatus, -a, -um, [in-huma- 
tus], adj., unburied. 

inicio (inii-), -ieci, -iectum, 
-icere, [in-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
upon, cast upon, hurl. — With re- 
flexive, throw one's self, rush. 



inimicus, -a, -um, [in-amicus], 

adj., unfriendly, hostile, of an en- 
emy, of the foe, as an enemy. 

iniquus (-os), -a, -um, [in-ae- 
quus], adj., unequal, uneven : 
silvae {rough). — Also (cf. ae- 
quus), unfair, unjust, hostile, 
unfavorable, unfortunate : &o[{op- 
pressive) ; sors {unhappy) ; fata 
{unlucky) ; spatia {insufficient). 

iniectus, -a, -um, p.p. of inicio. 

iniicio, see inicio. 

iniuria, -ae, [in-fius + ia, cf. in- 
iurius], f., iitjustice, zvrong, out- 
rage : longa {tale of wrong) ; 
sceleris nostri {guilt). 

iniussus, -a, -um, [in-iussus], adj., 
unbidden, unforced. 

iniustus, -a, -um, [in-iustus],adj., 
unjust, unfair, unreasonable. 

inlabor (ill-), -lapsus, -labi, [in- 
labor], 3. v. dep., glide in, move 
in. — Fig., of a divinity, enter, fill, 
inspire : nostris animis. 

inlacrimo (ill-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [in-lacrimo], 1. v. n., weep. 

— Poetically, of statues, weep, dis- 
til tears. 

inlaetabilis (ill-), -e, [in-laeta- 
bilis], ad]., joyless, mournful. 

inlaudatus (ill-), -a, -um, [in- 
laudatus], adj., detested (cf. im- 
mitis), execrated. 

inlecebrae (illec-), -arum, [fin- 
lece- (cf. iniicio) + bra], f., en- 
ticements, allurements, charms. 

inlido, -Hsi, -lisum, -lidere, [in- 
laedo], 3. v. a., dash in (to some- 
thing), dash upon. — Also, dash 
in (to itself, crush). 

inligatus (ill-), -a, -um, p.p. of 
inligo. 

inligo (ill-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[in-ligo], 1. v. a., bind on, tie tip. 

— Less exactly, entangle, hamper, 
fetter: 

inlisus, -a, -um, p.p. of inlido. 
inlotus (ill;), -a, -um, [in-lotus], 

adj., unwashed, not cleansed. 
inlucesco (ill-), -luxl, no sup., 

-lucescere, [in-lucesco], 3. v. n. 

incept., dawti, break (of day). 



Vocabulary. 



147 



inludo (ill-), -lQsi, -lusum, -15- 
dere, [in-ludo], 3. v. n. and a., 

viock at, ?uake sport of. — Also, 
destroy (as if in sport), waste, in- 
jure. — Also, p/ay upon, sport with : 
vestes illusae {wrought with sport- 
ive designs). 

inlustris (ill-), -e, [in-flustro- 
(weakened and decl. as adj.)], adj., 
famous, 7ioble, illustrious. 

inlQsus, -a, -um, p.p. of inludo. 

inluvies (ill-)? -e*» [in-fluvies 
( vlu, in luo + ies)], f., dirt, filth. 

innascor, -natus, -nasci, [in- 
nascor], 3. v. dep., grow in, be 
born in. — innatus, -a, -um, p.p., 
inborn, innate. 

innato, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
nato], 1. v. n. and a., swim on, 
float on. 

innatus, -a, -um, p.p. of Innascor. 

innecto, -nexul, -nexum, -nec- 
tere, [in-necto], 3. v. a., entwine, 
bind, enwrap. — Fig., zueave, en- 
twine, devise, invent, plan : frams 
innexa clienti ; morandi causas. 

innexus, -a, -um, p.p. of innecto. 

innitor, -nisus (-nixus), -niti, 
[in-nitor], 3. v. dep., lean upon, 
rest on, be supported by. 

innlxus, -a, -um, p.p. of innitor. 

inno, -navi, -natum, -nare, [in- 
no], 1. v. n. and a., swim in or 
into, float, swim, sail. 

innocuus, -a, um, [in-nocuus], 
adj., harmless, innocent, ttnojf end- 
ing : litus {tJiatwill do no harm). 
— Also, actively, unharmed. 

innoxius, -a, -um, [in-noxius], 
adj., harmless, imiocent. 

innumerus, -a, -um, [in-numerus, 
decl. as adj.], adj., without num- 
ber, 77 umber less, 7iii7itt77ibered. 

finnuptus, -a, t-um, [in-nuptus], 
adj., ti7i77iarried (of a woman), 
77iaide77. — As subst., a 7>iaid. 

inoffensus, -a, -um, [m-offensus] , 
adj., u7ibroken, u)iij)ipeded, U7ihi7i- 
dered. 

inolesco, -levi, -litum, -lescere, 
[in-olesco, cf. adulesco], 3. v. n., 
grow i7i {into), beco77ie i77ipla7ited t 



inopinus, -a, -um, [in-fopinus, cf. 
opinor], adj., tuiexpected. 

inops, -opis, [in-ops, decl. as adj.], 
adj., without resources, helpless, 
poor, destitute : senecta ; inops 
animi {bereft of sense, fre7izied) ; 
res {scanty for tu7ie) . 

Inous, -a, -um, [Gr. "\vwos\, adj., 
of I710 (the daughter of Cadmus 
and wife of Athamas of Thebes. 
Flying from her husband, she 
threw herself into the sea and be- 
came a divinity), son of I770. 

inquam (-io), [?], v. def., say. 

inremeabilis (irr-), -e, [in-reme- 
abilis], adj., irretraceable. 

inreparabilis (irr-), -e, [in-re- 
parabilis], adj., irrecoverable, ir- 
repa7'jzble: 

inrideo (irr-), -risi, -risum, -ri- 
dere, [in-rideo], 2. v. a., laugh 
at, scor?i, ridicule. — inrisus, -a, 
-um, p.p., 77iocked, scor7ied, i7i- 
sultefl, with ridicule. 

inrigo (irr-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[in-rigo], 1 . v. a., drop upon, pour 
dow7i up07i, shed. — With change 
of point of view, bedew with, 77iois- 
teji, bathe, water. — Also fig. in 
both senses. 

inriguus (irr-), -a, -um, [fin- 
riguus], adj., 77ioiste7ii77g, water- 
ing._ 

inritatus, -a, -um, p.p. of inrito. 

inrito (irr-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fm-rito- (cf. inrio, S7iarl, of 
dogs)], I. v. a., excite, a7iger, in- 
cense. 

inritus (irr-)*, -a, -um, [in-ratus], 
adj., invalid, a7i7iulled. — Less 
exactly, useless, i7ieffective, idle, i7i 
vain, e77ipty : sceleris vestigia 
{harj7iless) . 

inroro (irr-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[in-roro], 1. v. a., bedew, sprinkle, 
shed 77ioisture. — Less exactly, flood 
(of light) : terras sole. 

inrumpo (irr-), -rupi, -ruptum, 
-rumpere, [in-rumpo], 3. v. a. 
and n., break in, burst in, break 
through, force. 

inruo (irr-), -rui, no sup., -ru- 



143 



Vocabulary. 



ere, [in-ruo], 3. v. n. and a., rusk 
in, rush on, fall down. 

insalutafcus, -a, -urn, (separate, 
inque salutatus), [in-saluta- 
tus], adj., not saluted : hanc in- 
salutatam relinquo (without say- 
ing farewell). 

insania, -ae, [finsano- (reduced) 
+ia], f., madness, insanity, frenzy, 



rage :^ scelerata belli. 



insania, -ivi (-ii), -I turn, [fin- 
sano- (as if insani-)], 4. v. n., be 

insane, rave, play the fool. 

insanus, -a, -um, [in-sanus],adj., 
unsound (pi mind), mad, wild, in- 
sane, frantic, crazy. — Less exact- 
ly, inspired. — Fig., wild, violent, 
mad, crazy, insane : cupido ; fluc- 
tus ; amor ; forum (turbulent) . 

inscius, -a, -urn, [in-fscius, cf. 
nescius], adj., unconscious, igno- 
rant, untaught, unaware, bewil- 
dered (not understanding) : haud 
inscius (with full knowledge). 

inscribo, -scrips!, -scriptum, 
-scribere, [in-scribo], 3. v. a., 
write tipon, inscribe, mark (of the 
tracing of a spear) : pulvis hasta. 

inscriptus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
scribo. 

Insector, -atus, -ari, [in-sector, 
cf. insequor], 1. v. dep., pursue. 
— Fig., harass, worry, persecute, 
pursue: rastris terram (ply). 

insequor, -secutus, -sequi, [in- 
sequor], 3. v. a. and n., follow up, 
pursue : ilium Pyrrhus ; comi- 
nus arva (in a strong poetical 
figure) . — Fig., pursue, follow up, 
harass, be close upon : quid te ca- 
sus. — Neut., follow, co?ne next, en- 
sue. — With inf., continue, proceed. 

insero, -rui, -rtum, -rere, [in- 
sero], 3. v. -a.., put in, insert. 

Insero, -sevi, -situm, -serere, 

• [in-S3ro], 3. v. a., implant, plant, 

set out, engraft, graft (both of the 

stock and the graft) : insere pi- 

ros j^arbutus ex fetu nucis. 

inserto, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
serto, cf. insero], i.v. a., put in, 
thrust in, insert. 



insertus, -a, -um, p.p. of insero. 
insideo, -sedi, -sessum, -sidere, 

[in-sedeo], 2. v. n. and a., sit up- 
on, sit dozen on. — Esp., settle on, 
settle, occupy. — Also, lie in' wait 
(cf. insidiae), plot. (In perf. 
tenses undistinguishable from in- 
sido.) 

insidiae, -arum, [finsid- (or in- 
sido- reduced) -f ia (cf. deses, 
desidia)], f. plur., an ambush, 
an ambuscade, a lying in wait. — 
Less exactly, treachery, a strata- 
gem, wiles, a trick, secret mischief. 
— Personified, Craft, Treachery. 
— -Poetically, secret flight (of Nisus 
and Euryalus through the enemy's 
camp) . 

insidiatus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
sidior. 

insidior, -atus, -ari, [finsidia-], 
1. v. dep., lie in wait : ovili i'l- 
pus ( prowl around). K 

insido, -sedi, -sessum, -sidere, 
[in-sido], 3. v. a. and n., settle on, 
sit on, alight upon. 

insignio, -ivi (-ii), -itum, -ire, 
[finsigni-], 4. v. a., mark, adorn, 
deck. 

insignis, -e, [fin-signo- (weak- 
ened, deck as adj.)], adj., marked, 
conspicuous, adorned, splendid, 
decked, brilliant. — Fig., conspicu- 
ous, famous, re7iowned, glorious, 
noble, remarkable, distinguished, 
extraordinary. — Neut. sing, and 
plur. as subst., insigne (insig- 
nia), a device, an ornament, a 
decoration, an ensign, trappings, 
insignia. 

insincerus, -a, -um, [in-sincerus] , 
adj., impure, corrupt, tainted, pu- 
tr!d. 

insinuo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
sinuo], 1. v. a. and n., work in 
(by winding or bending). — With 
reflexive (ox without), work one's 
way in, steal in. — Fig. : pavor 
per pectora (steal over) . 

insisto, -stiti, no sup., -sistere, 
[in-sisto], 3. v. a. and n., stand 
upon, set foot upon, tread, enter 



Vocabulary. 



149 



upon, begin. — Actively, plant, set : 
vestigia. 

Insitus, -a, -um, p.p. of insero. 

Insolitus, -a, -um, [in-solitus], 
adj., unwonted, unaccustomed to. 
— Also, unusual, strange, un- 
wonted: phocae fugiunt {against 
their wont) . 

insomnis, -e, [in-f sonmo- (weak- 
ened and decl. as adj.)], adj., 
sleepless, unsleeping. 

insomnium, -i (-il), [tinsomni-? 
(reduced) + ium], n., a dream, a 
vision, 

Insono, -sonui, no sup., -sonare, 
[in-sono], I. v. n., sound, re- 
sound, roar: flagell© {crack)-, 
ilia demissa per auras {come 
with a clang)-, verbera (cog. 
ace, rattle blows, crack the lash) . 

Id sons, -sontis, [in-sons], adj., 
innocent, unoffending, guiltless. 

Insperatus, -a, -um, [in-spera- 
tus], adj., unhoped for, unlocked 
for. 

inspicio, -spexl, -spectum, -spi- 
cere, [in-spicio], 3. v. a., look in 
tip 07t, overlook, spy out. 

inspico, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
fspieo], I. v. a., sharpen, point. 

Insplro, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
- spiro], 1. v. a^, breathe in, breathe 
upon. — Fig., inspire, infuse: ig- 
nem {enkituile). 

inspoliatus, -a, -um, [in-spolia- 
tus], adj., undespoiled, unspoiled. 

instabilis, -e, [in-stabilis], adj., 
unsteady,- unstable. — Fig., fickle, 
wavering, vacillating. 

instar [akin to in-sto], n. indecl., 
an image, a likeness, a resem- 
blance. — In appos., as adj., like, 
equal: montis equus {huge as)-, 
agminis Clausus {the equal). 

Instauratus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
stauro. 

instauro, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
fstauro (fstauro-, cf. Gr. crrav- 
pos), cf. restauro], 1. v. a., {set 
up), renew, repeat, begin anew, 
rally : acies ; diem donis {re- 
peat a7iother day) ; talia Grais 



{repeat, requite) ; instaurati ani- 
mi {courage restored). 

Insterno, -stravi, -stratum,-ster- 
nere, [in-sterno], 3. v. a., spread 
over : pontes {throw out) . — 
With change of point of view, 
cover, spread : instratum cubile 
{strewn with) ; instrati ostro 
alipedes {housed). 

Instlgo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
fstigo, cf. instinguo, Gr. o-Tifw], 
I. v. a., goad on. — Fig., stimu- 
late, encourage, incite, urge on. 

instituo, -tui, -tutum, -tuere, 
[in-statuo], 3. v. a., set up, build, 
found. — Less exactly, establish, 
ordain, infroduce a custom, teach 
(a custom) : vestigia nuda {have 
by lotig established custom) ; dapes 
{prepare) . 

insto, -stiti, -statum, -stare, [in- 
sto], I. v. n. and a., stand on, 
stand over. — Less exactly (of 
military action), press on, pursue, 
assail, attack, . threaten : iugis 
{threaten, make a demonstration) . 

— Also in other connections, be 
busy, wge on, be troublesome, 
threaten, ifnpend, be urgent, be at 
hand, be ready, press on, ply, be 
eager, strive, be bent on : ciirram 
(cog. ace, busily prepare) ; aris- 
tis {be devoted to) • operi ; tumul- 
tus {be imminent) ; aquae {over- 
hang, of a figurehead). 

Instratus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
sterno. 

instrepo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [in- 
strepo], 3. v. n., rattle, creak, 

Instructus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
struo. 

instruo,-struxi,-structum,-stru- 
ere, [in-struo], 3. v. a., {pile up 
on), pile up: mensas {spread). 

— Less exactly, arrange, draw 
up, array, prepare, set in order, 
furnish. — With change of point 

of view, provide (with), furnish, 
arm : armis socios ; instructus 
Eois adversis {in array with)', 
instructus dolis {armed with) . 
insuetus, -a, -um, [in-suetus], 



150 



Vocabulary, 



adj., unaccttstomed to, unused, not 
•wont. — Passively, unaccustomed, 
unusual, unwonted, tin fa miliar. 
— Neut. plur. as adv., in un- 
wonted wise, unusually, beyond 
one" s zvont. 

insula, -ae, [in-stem akin to sal], 
f., aiz island. 

Insulto, -avl, -a turn, -are, [in- 
salto, cf. insilio], I. v. a. and n., 
bound upon, leap upon, dance on, 
prance (on) : solo ; fioribus hae- 
di; aequore sonipes. — Fig., ex- 
ult over, insult. — Also, bound 
into, rush into. 

insum, inful, inesse, [in-sum], 
irr. v. n., be in, be on, be there. 

insuo, -sul, -sutum, -suere, [in- 
suo], 3. v. a., sew in, stitch in. 

insuper [in-super], adv., above, 
over, over all. — Less exactly, 
moreover, besides, in addition to. 

Insuperabilis,-e,[i'n-superabilis], 
adj., unconquerable, invincible. 

Insurgo, -surrexi, -surrectum, 
-surgere, [in-surgo], 3. v. n., 
rise. upon. — Less exactly, rise, 
arise : campis tenebrae {over- 
spread^). 

insutus, -a, -um, p.p. of insuo. 

intactus, -a, -um, [in-tactus], 
adj., untouched, unhurt, un- 
harmed : seges {without touch- 
ing) ; silvas {unvisited, an un- 
tried theme). — Esp. of domestic 
animals, unbroken, ignorant of 
the yoke. — Also of women, mai- 
den, chaste, pure. 

integer, -gra, -grum, [in-ftagro- 
(^/tag + rus), cf. intactus], 
adj., (^untouched), unbroken, en- 
tire, zvhole. — Fig., fresh, vigorous, 
unimpaired. — ab integro, as 
adv., a neicj, afresh. 

integro, -avl, -a turn, -are, [f in- 
tegro-], 1. v. a., renew (cf. ab in- 
tegro), repeat, begin anew. 

intemeratus, -a, -um, [in-teme- 
ratus], adj., unpolluted, untaint- 
ed, pure, chaste : vinum {zni- 
mixed). — Fig., inviolate, pure : 
Camilla {a maid). 



intempestus, -a, -um, [in-ftem- 
pestus (cf. honestus), cf. tem- 

pestivus], adj., untimely, unsea- 
sonable : nox (a technical exp., 
the dead of night). — Also, nox 
(with reference to the orig. mean- 
ing, gloomy, unpropitious) . — Also 
(cf. temperies), u?tivholesome, 
unhealthy. 

intemptatus (inten-), -a, -um, 
[in-temptatus] , adj., untried. 

intendo, -tendl, -tentum (-ten- 
sum), [in-tendo], 3. v. a., stretch 
upon, stretch to, stretch, strain : 
arcuni {bend, from stretching the 
string) ; vela {spread) ; sagittam 
{aim, cf. arcum above) ; vincula 
(strain); vela Zephyri {sivell). 

— With change of point of view, 
stretch with, hang with, cover zvilh: 
bracchia tergo ; bracchia velis ; 
locum sertis. — Poetically : vocem 
co?m\.{strainwith); numeros ner- 

• vis {strain the strings with notes). 

— intentus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
strained, stretched. — Fig., on the 
stretch, strained, straining, intent, 
eager. 

intentatus, -a, -um ; see intemp- 
tatus. 

intento, -avl, -atum, -are, [fin- 
tento- (but cf.. tento)], 1. v. a ; ,. 
stretch out ; angues {hold threat- 
eningly, brandish) . — Fig., threat- 
en, menace. 

intentus, -a, -um, p.p. of intendo. 

intepeo, -tepul, no sup., -tepere, 
[in-tepeo], 2. v. n., becotne warm, 
be warmed : mucro {taste blood). 

inter [in + ter (reduced from -tero, 
cf. sub ter, interior), comp. of 
in], prep, and adv. Prep., between, 
among, amid, in among, into the 
midst of. — Sometimes from a dif- 
ferent conception in Latin, in, 
through, on : inter valles (of the 
two sides) ; arva inter opima. 

— Esp. : inter manus, in the 
hands, • in the power. — With ge- 
rund, while : inter bibendum. — ■ 
With reflexive (as reciprocal), w ith 
each other, on, from, by, to, &c, in 



Vocabulary. 



151 



all reciprocal relations : inter vos 
(with each other) ; inter sese {al- 
ternately). — Adv. in composition, 
betzueen, off, azuay, among, together, 
cf. intercipio, intercludo, in- 
tereo, intermisceo, internee to. 

intercipio, -cepl, -ceptum, -ci- 
pere, [inter-capio], 3. v. a., in- 
tercept. 

intercludo, -clusi, -clusum, -clu- 
dere, [inter-cludo], 3. v. a., shut 
off, ait off, detain. 

in terdum[inter-dum,cf. interim], 
adv., sometimes. 

interea [inter-ea (prob. abl. of is, 
cf. supra)], adv., meanwhile, 
meantime. — Less exactly, in these 
circunistances, at that time. 

intere5, -Ivi (-il), -ituni, -ire, 
[inter-eo], irr. v. n., perish, die, 
be slain, fall (in battle). 

interf atus, -a, -urn, p.p. of inter- 
for. 

interficio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 
[inter-facio, cf. intereo], 3. v. a., 
kill. — Less exactly, destroy, kill 
(of harvests), lay waste. 

interf or, -fatus, -farl,[inter-for], 
I. v. d.ep., interrupt. 

interfundo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [inter-fundo] , 3. v. a., pour 
betzueen. — Pass., flozu betzueen. — 
With change of point of view, 
overflozu, suffuse, stain, Jleck. 

interf usus, -a, -um, p.p. of inter- 
fundo. 

interimo,-emi,-emptum, -imere, 
[inter-emo, take (cf. interficio) ] , 
3. v. a., kill, slay, strike dozen. 

interior, -ius, [fintero- (reduced, 
cf. inter) +ior], comp. adj., ijiner, 
inside : domus {the interior of, 
&c). — Xeut. as adv., more deeply. 
— Superl., intimus, -a, -um, [in 
-f timus, cf. finitinius], inmost, 
farthest. 

interitus, -us, [inter-itus, cf. in- 
tereo], m., death. 

interlego, -le-gl, -loctum, -legere, 
(also separated), [interdego], 3. 
v. a., cull here and there, pluck 
here a7id there. 



interluceo, -luxl, no sup., -lucere, 

[inter-luceo], 2. v. n., shine through. 
— Less exactly, shozu light through. 

interluo, no perf., no sup., -luere, 
[inter -luo], 3. v. a..,Jlow betzueen, 
wash (of rivers) . 

intermisceo, -miscul, -mixtum 
(mistum), -miscere, [inter- 
misceo], 2. v. a., mix in, inter- 
mingle. 

internecto, no perf., no sup., -nec- 
tere, [inter-necto], 3. v. a., bi?id 
together, bind up, knot up. 

interpres, -etis, [?], comm., a« 
agent, a messenger, an interpre- 
ter : divum {a prophet) ; harum 
curarnm {author, of Juno as agent 
in the marriage relation). 

interritus, -a, -um, [in-territus], 
adj., undaunted, tinterrified, fear- 
less, undismayed, without fear (of 
danger). 

interruniDO, -rupi, -ruptum, 
-rumpere, [inter-rnmpo], 3-v.a., 
break off, discontinue : ignes {die 
out) . 

interruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
ter rump o. 

interstrepo, no perf., no sup., 
-strepere, [inter-strepo], 3. v. a., 
make a noise among, drown (of 
noise) : anser {cackle among, 
drowning the notes of others). 

inter sum, -fui, no sup., -esse, 
[inter-sum], irr. v. n., be engaged 
in, join, share. 

intertexo, -texul, -textum, -tex- 
ere, [inter-texo], 3. v. a., inter- 
weave. 

intertextus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
tertexo. 

intervallum, -I, [inter-vallum] , n., 
{space betzueen pales or stakes of the 
rampart), distance (between), in- 
terval. 

intexo, -texui, -textum, -texere, 
[in-texo], 3. v. a., weave in, in- 

« terzueave, entzvine, interlace. — 
With change of point of view, sur- 
round, entzvine (with something) : 
vitibus ulmos. — Of the effect, 
weave, weave in : intextum opus ; 



1^2 



Vocabulary. 



intexti Britanni (in a work of 
art). 

intextus, -a, -um, p.p. of intexo. 

intimus, see interior. 

intono,-ui,-atum, -are,[in-tono], 
I. v. n., thunder. 

intonsus, -a, -um, [in-tonsus], 
adj., unshorn, unshaven. — Less ex- 
actly, of mountains, unshorn, rough. 

intorqueo, -torsi, -tortum, -tor- 
quere,[in-torqueo], 2. v. a., turn, 
roll. — Also, brandish, hurl. 

intortus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
torqueo. 

intra [fintero- (syncopated), prob. 
abl. case, cf. infra], prep., within 
(of position or motion), inside. 

intractabilis, -e, [in-traetabilis], 
adj., unmanageable, fierce, violent. 

intractatus, -a, -um, [in-tracta- 
tus], adj., imtried (by others read 
intemptatus). 

intremo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [in- 
tremo], 3. v. n., tremble, quake, 
quiver. 

intro 4 , -avi, -atum, -are, [fintero- 
(syncopated), cf. intra], 1. v. a., 
enter: ripas {sail within). — 
Fig., enter, penetrate, pervade : 
calor medullas. 

introgredior, -gressus, -gredi, 
[intro -gradior], 3. v. dep., enter, 
come in. 

introgressus, -a, -um, p.p. of in- 
trogredior. 

intubus (-um), -i, [Gr. ivrv$ov\, 
endive, succory. 

intuli, see infero. 

intus [in + tus, cf. divinitus], 
adv., within (cf. a dextra par- 
te), inside, in doors, in the house. 

intybus, see intubus. 

inultus, -a, -um, [in-ultus], adj., 
unavenged. 

inumbro, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
umbro], 1 . v. a., overshadow, shade, 
canopy. 

inundo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
undo], I. v. n. and a., overflow, 
flow. — Less exactly, szvarm. 

inurS, -ussi, -ustum, -urere, [in- 
u*o], 3. v, a., burn in, brand. 



inutilis, -e, [in-utilis], adj., use- 
less, unavailing, impotent. — Less 
exactly, injurious. 

Inuus, -i, [akin to ineo], m., a god 
identified with Pan as guardian of 
cattle. — Castrum Inui, a town 
of Latium. 

invado, -vasi, -vasum, -vadere, 
[in-vado], 3. v. n. and a.., go into, 
go against, proceed, go on, begin. 
— Also, attack, invade, stor?n, rush 
into, rush hi, force : thalamum 
{violate) . — Fig., enter upon, un- 
dertake. 

invalidus, -a, -um, [in-validus], 
adj., infirm, feeble,, weak, power- 
less. 

invectus, -a, -um, p.p. of inveho. 

inveho, -vexi, -vectum, -vehere, 
[in-veho], 3. v. a., bear on, bear 
against. — Pass., ride, sail, be 
borne. 

invenio, -veni, -ventum, -venire, 
[in-venio], 4. v. a., come upon, 
hit upon, find (esp. by accident, 
cf. reperio, find by search), dis- 
cover, find (learn). —inventus, 
-a, -um, p.p. — Neut, a discov- 
ery, an irivention. 

inventor, -oris, [ in- f vent or, cf. 
invenio], m., a finder, a discov- 
erer, a deviser, a contriver. 

inventrix, -icis, [in-fventrix, cf. 
inventor and invenio], f., a 
finder, an inventor (female), a 
discoverer, an originator. 

inventus, -a, -um, p.p. of invenio. 

invergo, no perf., no sup., -ver- 
gere, [in-vergo], 3. v. a., turn 
downward, enipty. — Less exactly, 
pour down upon (a sacrificial 
word), pour (by inversion of a ves- 
sel).^ 

inverto, -verti, -versum, -verte- 
re, [in-verto], 3. v. a., upturn, 
overturn. — Esp. with the plough, 
turn in furrows. — Less exactly, 
change : caelum nox {change the 
aspect of) . 

invictus, -a, -um, [in-victus], 
adj., unconquered, unconquerable, 
invincible. 



Vocabulary. 



153 



invideo, -vidi, -visum, -videre, 

[in-video], 2. v. n. and a., {look 
askance at), envy, be jealous of, 
grudge, deny (as if from jealousy). 

— invlsus, -a, -vim, p.p. as adj., 
hateful, hostile, troublesome. — Pass- 
ively, an object of hatred, hated, 
detested, odious : haud invisus 
caelestibus {not tmf ri ended by) . 

invidia, -ae, [finvido- (reduced) 
-fia], f., envy, hatred, malice, 
grudging, jealousy: quae est? 
{why grudge ?) . 

invigilo, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
vigilo], 1. v. n., be awake, be dili- 
gent, be attentive to. 

inviolabilis, -e, [in-violabilis], 
adj., inviolable, sacred . 

inviso, -visi, -visum, -visere, [in- 
viso], 3. v. a., look upon, view. — 
Also, visit, go to see (cf. viso) . 

Invisus, -a, -um, p.p. of invideo. 

invlsus, -a, -um, [in-visusj, adj., 
unseen. 

invito, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 
^I. v. a., invite, allure, persuade. 

— Esp., entertain ; Aenean solio 
acerno {seat hospitably') . 

invitus, -a, -um, '[?], adj., un- 
willing, with reluctance, reluctant, 
against one J s will. — Often equal 
to an adverb. 

invius, -a, -um, [in-fvia (decl. as 
adj.)], adj., pathless, inaccessible, 
difficult of access, difficult (of pass- 
age), dangerous. 

invoco, -avi, -atum, -are, [in- 
voco], I. v. a., call upon, worship, 
adore, invoke. 

involvo, -volvi, -volutum, -vol- 
Vere, [in-volvo], 3: v. a., roll 
upon, roll over, roll in, roll along. 
— With change of point of view, 
enwrap, involve, surround^ cover, 
shut in, engulf. — Often of tire, 
water, and the like. 

i'o [Gr. id*], interj., ho ! (a cry of wild 
excitement, either of joy or grief). 

lo, -iis, [Gr. Ta>], f., daughter of 
Inachus, beloved by Jupiter, and 
changed by Juno, from jealousy, 
into a cow. 



Iollas, -ae, [Gr. 'IoAAas], m. : 1. A 
shepherd ; 2. A Trojan. 

Ionius, -a, -um, [flon + ius], adj., 
{of Ion), Ionian (of the sea so 
called) : nuctus ; mare. — Neut., 
the Ionian Sea. 

Iopas, -ae, [?], m., a Carthaginian 
bard. 

Iphitus, -i, [Gr. "Icpiros'], m., a 
Trojan. 

ipse, -a, -um, -ius, [is-pse (cf. 
-pte, perh. = potis)], pron. in- 
tens., self, very, even. — Without 
other pronoun or noun, -himself 
yourself &c. — In special phrases : 
ipsi venient, of themselves, volun- 
tarily ; ipse, the chief, the leader 
(as opposed to the men) ; ipsi, 
the men (as opposed to the ships). 

ira, -ae, [?], f., anger, wrath, rage, 
fury. — Also plur. — Personified, 
Passion (of wrath). 

irascor, Iratus, Irasci, [fira- (of 
lost firo) + sco], 1. v. dep., .be 
angry, become enraged. — Less ex- 
actly, vent one's rage, angrily at- 
tack. — iratus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., angry, enraged, furiozis. 

iratus, -a, -um, p.p. of irascor. 

Iris, -idis (also -is), f., the messen- 
ger of the gods, the personified 
rainbow. 

irremeabilis, see inremeabilis. 

irr-, compounds of in, see inr-, the 
more approved spelling. 

is, ea, id, eius, [pron. yi], pron. 
dem., he, she, it, they, this, that, 
these, those, such, a (with a correl- 
ative), so great. 

Ismara, -orum, [cf. Ismarus], n., 
a town in Thrace near Mt. Ismarus. 

Ismarius, -a, -um, [flsmaro + 
ius] , adj ., ofMt. Ismarus. (Others 
read Imarius.) 

Ismarus, -I, [Gr. v I<r,uapos], m. : 
I. A mountain of Thrace ; 2. A 
Lydian in the Trojan ranks. 

iste, ista, istud, istius, [is-tus 
(pron. v/ta, cf. turn, tarn, tan- 
tus)], pron. dem., that (esp. re- 
ferring in some way to the person 
addressed), he, she, they, these, 



154 



Vocabulary. 



those. — Esp. of one's opponent or 
one against whom one has a grudge, 
such as you, that, those, such, that 
Sort of. 

Ister, -rl, [Gr. "Itrrpos], (Hister, 
the spelling now in vogue], m., 
the Danube. — Less exactly, of the 
nations around it. 

istic [isti-ce, cf. hie], adv., there 
(where you are, or the like, cf. 
iste) . 

istinc [istim-ce, cf. hinc], adv., 
from there (where you are, cf. 
iste), where you are. 

ita [pron. ^/i-ta (unc. case of pron. 
■y/ta, cf. tarn, etc.)], adv., so, in 
that way, just so, thus, such a : 
ita . . . ut (just as) ; haud ita 
me experti (not like that). — In 
asseverations (cf. the form of oath 
in English), so (and only so as 
what I say is true). 

Italia, -ae, [fltalo- (reduced) + 
ia, f. of -ius], f., Italy. — Less 
exactly, the people (as in Eng.). 

Italis, -idis, [Gr. patronymic from 
Italus], f. adj., a7i Italian (wom- 
an), of Italy. 



Italus, -a, -urn, [prob, Gr. 'lraXSs, 
bull, cf. vitulus], Italian. 

item [pron. y/i + tem (pron. V^ a » °f- 
ita)], adv., likewise, also, as well. 

iter, itineris, [unc. formation of 
y/i], n., a way, a course, a jour- 
ney, a passage. 

iterum [neut. of fitero- (pron. yi 

' +terus, cf. alter)], adv., a second 

time, again, repeatedly, once more. 

Ithacus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Wolkt)'], adj. 
(used as adj. of Ithaca, which is 
properly its fern.), Ithacan, of 
Ithaca (the home of Ulysses in the 
Ionian Sea) . — Fern., the island 
itself, Ithaca. 

Ityraeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Irupcua], 
adj., of Iturcea (a region of Syria, 
famous for its bowmen). 

Itys, -yos, [Gr. v Itus], m., a Trojan. 

Iiilus, -I, [Gr.'louAos], m., a name 
of Ascanius, son of /Eneas. 

Ixlon, -onis, [Gr. 'IliW], m.,a king 
of the Lapithae, who was bound to 
a wheel in the world below as a 
punishment for his crimes. 

Ixlonius, -a, -um, [flxion + ius], 
adj., of Ixion. 



I (consonant). 



iaceo, iacift, iacitum, iacere, 

[prob. adj. stem akin to iacio], 
2. v. n., lie, lie down. — Esp., lie 
dead, lie low. — Also, lie, be situ- 
ated. — Also, lie (remain) . — Fig., 
lie prostrate, succumb, be exhaust- 
ed, be overcome. — iacens, -ntis, 
p. as adj., prostrate, .low-lying, 
fallozv. 

iacio, iecl, iactum, iacere, [ y'iac 
(of unc. kindred)], 3. v. a., throw, 
•cast, hurl, fling. — • Esp. of foun- 
dations, &c. f lay, throw, throw tip : 
muros. — Fig., in similar sense, 
found, rest: spem. — Of sowing 
and the like, cast, sow, scatter : 
flores ; iacto semine. 

iactatus, -a, -um, p.p. of iacto. 

iacto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fiacto-], 
1. v. a., throw, cast, hurl, scatter, 
strezv. — Also, toss, agitate, throw 



(to and fro) : bidentes (ply) ; 
iactata tellus (stir) . — Fig., toss, 
drive, pursue. — Also, throw out t 
emit, send forth, utter, pour forth : 
voces ; odor em ; iurgia (bandy) ; 
volnera (inflict) . — Also, revolve : 
pectore curas. — With reflexive, 
boast, plu?7ie one's self, glory, vaunt 
one's self, show one's pride, pride 
one's self — Phrase : prae se iacto, 
boast, assert boastfully, vaunt. — 
iactans, -antis, p. as adj., boast- 
ful, arrogant. 

iactiira, -ae, [fiactu- (lengthened, 
cf. iigura) + ra (f. of -rus)], f., 
a throwing away. — Fig., loss. 

iactus, -a, -um, p.p. of iacio. 

iactus, -us, [yiac + tus], m., a 
throwing, a throw, a cast, a leap, 
a spring, a shot (of an arrow) . 

iaculatus, -a, -um, p.p. of iaculor. 



Vocabulary. 



155 



iaculor, -atus, -ari, [fiaculo-], 
I. v. dep., hurl a javelin. — Less 
exactly, throw, cast, fling, dart. 

iaculum, -I, [fiaco- (yiac + us, 
cf. iaceo, iacio)], n., a javelin, 
a dart, a missile weapon. 

iam [?], adv., now (implying a con- 
tinuance, cf.' nunc, an immediate 
now), already, nozv {as soon as), 
at last, now at length, from this 
time on, presently. — Often with 
pres. and imperf., begin to (do any- 
thing) . — Phrases : nee iam, and 
now no more; iam inde, imme- 
diately ; iam turn, even then ; 
iam dudum, long ago, long since, 
already ; iam pridem, long since ; 
iam iam, at every moment, even 
now; iam nunc, even nozv. — In 
logical sense, noiv, again, more- 
over. — With comparatives, still, 
even, nozv. 

iamdudum, see iam. 

iampridem, see iam.' 

Ianiculum, -1, [flano+culum], n., 
thejaniadine (the hill at Rome). 

ianitor, -oris [Iano (cf. ianua) 
+ tor (cf. viator)], m., a door- 
keeper, guardian (of an entrance). 

iamia, -ae, [akin to Ianus], f., a 
door, an entrance. — Less exactly, 
a?i avenue, a means of access, a 
way. 

Ianus, -1, [akin to dies, Jupiter, 
and Diana], m., an Italian di- 
vinity, represented with two faces, 
presiding over doorways and be- 
ginnings of things. 

iecur, iecoris (iecinoris), [two 
stems from unc. root, cf. iter], n., 
the liver. 

ieiunium, -1 (-ii), [fieiuno- (re- 
duced) + ium], n., a fast, fasting. 
— From the effect, leanness. 

ieiunus, -a, -um, [unc. root redupl. 
+ nus], adj., fasting. — Less ex- 
actly and fig., barren, scanty, 
meagre. 

Iovis, see Iupiter. 

iuba, -ae, [?], f., the i?iane. — Trans- 
ferred, the crest (of a helmet, made 
of hair) . 



iubar, -aris, [akin to iuba], n., 

rays of light, brightness. — Less 
exactly, the dawn, the jnorning. 

iubeo, iussi, iussum, iubere, 
[?, ius habeo, cf. veto], 2. v. a., 
bid (in all shades of meaning), 
order, command, ordain. — ius- 
sus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., bidden, 
presented, ordered, directed. — 
Neut, a command, an order., a 
mandate. 

iucundus, -a, -um, [perh. akin to 
iuvo], adj., pleasant, agreeable, 
grateful. 

iudex, -icis, [fius-dex (ytfic as 
stem)], comm., a judge, an arbi- 
trator : iudice te {with you to 
decide) . 

iudicium, -1 (-ii), [fiudic + ium], 
n., a decision, a judgment. 

iugalis, -e, [fiugo- (reduced) -f 
alis], adj., of the yoke. — As subst, 
horses. — Fig., of the marriage 
bond, conjugal, of marriage. — 
nuptial, 

iugerum, -1, [akin to iugum], n., 
an acre (loosely ; properly a little 
more than one-half an acre) . 

iugo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fiugo-],. 
1. v.^a., ttnite (in marriage). 

iugulo, -avl, -atum, -are, [f iugu- 
16], I. v. a., cut the throat. — Less 
exactly, kill, slay, slaughter, sacri- 
fice. 

iugulum, -I, [f iugo + Ium], n., the 
collar bone (forming a kind of 
yoke) . — Less exactly, the throat, 
the neck. 

iugum, -1, [ Viug + um], n., a yoke, 
a team, a pair of horses. — From 
similarity, a ridge, a thwart. — 
Esp., the yoke (under which con- 
quered soldiers were sent, and also 
used generally to signify conquest) . 

Iulius, -a, -um, [fluid- (reduced) 
-f ius], adj., Julian (the name of 
the gens at Rome to which Caesar 
belonged). — Esp.,. Julian (of 
Julius Caesar). — Masc, Iulius, 
the name of Caius Caesar, and his 
adopted son Augustus. 

iunctura, -ae, [fiunctu- (length- 



i 5 6 



Vocabulary. 



ened) + ra], f., a joint, a fasten- 
ing. 
iunctus, -a, -um, p.p. of iungo. 

iuncus, -I, [?], m., a rush, a bul- 
rush. 
iungo, innxl, iunctum, iungere, 

[y'iug], 3. v. a., join, unite, fas- 
ten, yoke, harness, attach. — Esp. 
of the hand, clasp, join, — Of trea- 
' ties, join, unite, make, celebrate. 
— Of marriage, unite. — Of the 
effect, make (by joining) : pontes 
{throw out). 

iuniperus, -1, [?], f., the juniper. 

Iuno, -onis, [prob. for Iovino, 
akin to I up iter], f., the queen of 
the gods, wife of Jupiter, patroness 
of the Greeks against the Trojans, 
identified with Astarte, the deity 
of the Phoenicians. — Less exactly, 
of Proserpine, queen. 

Iunonius, -a, -ura, [flunon+ius], 
adj., ofyuno. 

Iuppiter (Iupi-), Iovis, [flovi- 
(perh. nom. Iovis) -pater, akin 
to Zeus], in., Jupiter, Jove, the 
supreme divinity of the Romans, 
identified also with the Greek Zeus, 
being originally the same divinity, 
though later with somewhat differ- 
ent attributes.— Also, as a personi- 
• fication of the atmosphere, the sky, 
the air, the zveather, the. rain. — 
Less exactly of Pluto, the king of 
the lower world. 

iurgium, -1, (-11),' [fiurgo- (ius- 
agus, cf. prodigus) reduced, + 
ium], n., quarrelling, a quarrel, 
strife, upbraiding, reproof, revil- 
ing, altercation, abuse, a com- 
plaint. 

iuro, -avl, -atura, -are, [fius- (or 
fiuro, cf. periurus)], 1. v. n. and 
a., swear, swear by. 

ius, iuris, [ ^/iu (simpler form akin 
to -yjvxg) + us], n.,' right, justice, 
law (unwritten, cf. lex, statute). — 
Concretely, a right, a privilege, a 
claim. — Also, a tie (of right that 
one holds over another), a clai?n, 
a right. — Abl. iurc, as adv., with 
justice, justly, deservedly, rightly. 



iussum, -i ; see iubeo. 
iussus, -a, -urn, p.p. of iubeo. 
iussus, -us, [root of iubeo -f- tus], 

m., a command, a mandate. 

iustitia, -ae, [f iusto + tia (as if 
fiustito + ia, cf. amicitia)], f., 
justice, right, uprightness. — Per- 
sonified, Justice. 

iustus, -a, -um, [fius + tus, cf. 
robustus], adj., just, fitting, 
right, regular. — Of persons, just, 
upright. — Less exactly, fair, pro- 
port 'ional, equal. — Abl. iusto,* 
with comparatives, than is right, 
than is just. 

Iuturna, -ae, [?], f., the sister of 
Turn us. 

iuvenea, -ae, [f. of iuvencus], f., 
a heifer. 

iuvencus, -1, [fiuven- (earlier form 
of fiuveni) \ cus], m., a bullock, 
a steer, a bull. 

iuvenilis (alis), -e, [fiuveni- -f- 
ilis (-alis)], adj., of youth, of a 
youth, youthful. 

iuvenis, -e, [?, stem orig. without 
the i, cf. gen. plur. iuvenum and 
iuvencus], adj., young, youthful. 

— As subst., a young man (in the 
prime of life, up to forty-five years). 

— Also, of animals, young cat- 
tle. 

iuventa, -ae, [fiuven + ta (f. of 
tus ?)], f., youth. 

iuventus, -utis, [fiuven -f- tus (as 
if f iuventu + tis, cf. senectus 
and Carmentis)], f., youth. — 
Concretely, as in Eng., the youth, 
young men. — Also, the young (of 
cattle) . 

iuvo, iuvi, iutum, iuvare, [prob. 
akin to iuvenis, iocus, and iu- 
cundus], I. v. a. and n., help, aid, 
assist, profit, avail, be of use. — 
Also, please, give pleasure, delight. 

— Often impers. with an inf., it de- 
lights, one is pleased, one rejoices, 
one is glad. 

iuxta [case-form of f iuxto- (superl. 
of fiugo-, cf. Gr. -io-ros)], adv. 
and prep., near by, near, closely, 
next to, next, by one's side. 



Vocabulary. 



157 



labans, -jintis; see labo. 
labefacio, -feci, -factum, -facere, 

[flabe- (unc. form, cf. labes) fa- 
cio], 3. v. a., make to totter. — 
Esp., crumble (of the soil, by dig- 
ging). — Fig., weaken, cause to 
waver. — labef actus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., shaken, agitated, over- 
come, shattered, crumbled. 

labefactus, -a, -um, p.p. of labe- 
facio. 

labellum, -1, [flabro- \<zi. ager) 
+ lum], n.', a lip (dim. of affec- 
tion). 

labes, -is, [^/lab (cf. labor) -f es], 
f., a fall, a slide, a giving away : 
prima mali {first stroke of misfor- 
tune) . 

labes, -is, [?, perh. same word as 
preceding], f., a taint, a spot, a 
stain, a plague spot. 

liable!, -orum, [?], m. plur., name 
of a people of Latium, of the town 
of^Labicum. 

labo, -avl, -atum, -are, [Vl a ^ 
(prob. through noun-stem)], I. v. n v 
totter, stagger. — Fig., waver, vac- 
illate. — labans, -antis, -p., totter- 
ing, wavering, vacillating, yield- 
ing. 

labor, lapsus, labi, [^/lab, cf. 
labo, labes], 3. v. dep., slide, 
glide, fall, slip, float, descend, sink, 
swoop (of birds), penetrate. — 
• Fig., glide on, glide away, slip 
away, pass away, fall, fail, de- 
cline. — labens, -entis, p. as adj. 
with participial meanings; also, 
slippery : oleum. 

labor, -oris, [ylab-j-or (os)], 
m., toil, labor, exertion, strength. 
— Also, less exactly, sorrow, pangs, 
trial, trouble, misfortune. — Also, 
of the effect, fatigue, training; 
also, fruit of toil. — Esp. of travail, 
pangs, throes, labor. — Also, task, 
care, business. — Of the sun and 
moon, struggle, eclipse. — Personi- 
fied, Toil. 

laboratus, -a, -um, p.p. of laboro. 



laboro, -avl, -atum, -are, [fla- 
bor-], 1. v. a. and n., elaborate, 
work out, work; labor, take pains. 

— laboratus, -a, -um, p.p., 
wrought, worked, wrought out. 

— laborans, -antis, p. as subst., 
one struggling. 

1. lab rum, -I, [?], n., a lip. — Less 
exactly, an edge. 

2. labrum, -1, [?], n., a vat, a tub, 
a vessel, a vase. 

labrusca, -ae (-um, -I), [?], f. and 
n., a wild vine. 

labyrinthus, -1, [Gr. Xa^vpivQos'], 
m., a labyrinth. — Esp., the laby- 
rinth at Crete. 

lac, lactis, [perh. akin to ya\a], n., 
milk. — Less exactly, milky juice. 

— Phrase : pressum lac, cheese. 
Lacaenus, -a, -um, [Gr. Aolkcll vos~] , 

adj., Lacedcemonian, Laconian. 

— Esp. in fern., the Spartan dame, 
Helen. 

Lacedaemon, -onis, [Gr. AaKtSai- 
/jlcou'], {., Lacedcemon, or Sparta. 

Lacedaemonius, -a, -um, [Gr. 
AaKeSai/uovios^ , adj., Spartan, Lace- 
dcemonian. 

lac er, -era, -erum, [^/lac (dac?, 
cf. lacrima) +rus], adj., torn, 
mangled, maimed, bruised, disfig- 
ured. 

lacero, -avl, -atum, -are, [flace- 
ro-], 1. v. a., tear, rend, tear in 
pieces, m angle. 

lacerta, -ae (-us, -1), [?], f. and 
m., a lizard. 

lacertus, -I, [?], m., the forearm, 
the arm. — Less exactly, a claw, a 
leg (of any creature). 

lacessitus,-a, -um, p.p. of lacesso. 

lacesso, -slvl, -situm, -sere, [ A lac , 
(in lacio?) + esso (prob. through ' 
noun-stem)], 3. v. a., provoke, chal- 
lenge, irritate, excite, rouse, en- 
courage. — Also (perh. in original 
meaning), assail, attack, invade, 
beat, strike, smite : ventos icti- 
bus ; manibus pectora {pat) : 
lacessita scle aera. — Poetically : 



158 



Vocabulary. 



bellum {stir up) ; ferrum {bare) ; 
pugnam {provoke, by sparring, of 
boxers). 

liaclnius, -a, -um, [Gr. KaKiviov~], 
adj., of Lacinium (a promontory 
of Southern Italy, on which was a 
temple of Juno, a land-mark for 
sailors) ■. The name of the prom- 
ontory is the neut. of the adj. 

lacrima, -ae, [perh. stem akin to 
Gr. $j.Kpv + ma (f. ofmus)], f., a 
tear, weeping. — Poetically : nar- 
cissi, nectar (of flowers) . 

lacrimabilis, -e, [flacrima- (cf. 
lacrimo) + bilis], adj., tearful, 
mournful, melancholy : bellum ; 
gemitus. 

lacrimo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fla- 
crima,-], I. v. n. and a., weep, shed 
tears, mourn, weep for, lament. 

lacrimosus, -a, -um, [flacrima- 
(reduced) + osus], adj., tearful, 
mournful. — Less exactly, plaint- 
ive : voces. 

lacteo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[flact- (as if lacto)], 2. v. n., 
suck. — Also, be in milk ; fru- 
menta. 

lacteus, -a, -um, [flact + eus], 
adj., milky, rich in milk. — Less 
exactly, milk white. 

lacuar, see laquear. 

lacuna, -ae, [flacu- (lengthened) 
-f na, cf. Fortuna], f., a pond, a 
pool, a cavity, a hollow. 

lacus, -us, [perh. akin to Gr. Aa/c- 
kos~], m., a lake, a pond, a pool, a 
reservoir. — Less exactly, a river, 
a stream. — Also, a pool (in a 
stream). 

iLades, -is, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Liadon, -onis,' [Gr. Aa5coi>], m., a 
Trojan. 

laedo, laesi, laesum, laedere, 
[?], 3. v. a., strike, dash (cf. com- 
pounds) . — Also, hurt, pain, mar, 
wound, damage. — Less exactly, 
injure, trouble, hurt,offend, thwart, 
break (of a treaty), violate. 

laena, -ae,[Gr. x^a^«]> f-> (a coarse 
outer garment), a cloak, a mantle. 

Laertius, -a, -um, [Gr. Aaejmos], 



adj., of Laertes (the father of 
Ulysses) . 

laesus, -a, -um, p.p. of laedo. 

laetatus, -a, -um, p.p. of laetor. 

laetitia, -ae, [flaeto + tia, cf. 
amicitia], i.,joy, gladness, cheer- 
fulness, enjoyment. 

laetor, -atus, -ari, [flaeto-], 1. 
v. dep., rejoice, be glad, sport. 

laetus, -a, -um, [prob. for hlaetus, 
akin to Eng. glad~\, adj., glad, joy- 
ous, cheerful, merry, joyful, happy , 
delighting in, proud of exultant 
with. — Also of things (as in Eng.) : 
spes; carmina; saecula {happy) ; 
tempora {bright) ; columba ; lae- 
ti auxilio {cheered by) ; fortuna 
{smiling, propitious) ; res {fortu- 
nate). — Also (perh. in orig. mean- 
ing), of productiveness, rich, fer- 
tile, productive, prolific, luxuria nt, 
copious ; — rich in, abounding in. 
— So of animals, fat, sleek, in good 
condition, fine. — Also (cf. Eng. 
glad), pleasing, grateful, agree- 
able : aestas ; imber. 

laevo, see levo. 

laevus, -a, -um, [?, akin to Acuos], 
adj., left, on the left hand. — Also, 
from inferior readiness of the left 
hand, foolish, silly, azvkzvard. — 
From science of auspices, o?ninous y 
boding, unpropitious. — But also 
(fr. the Roman usage), fortunate^ 
propitious. — Fern. (sc. manus), 
the left hand. — Neut. sing, and 
plur., the left hand, places on the 
left. — Neut. as adv., on the left. 

lageos, -1, [Gr. \dyeios], f., a vine 
(of a special kind), lageos. 

Lagus, -I, [Gr. Adyos'], m., a Latin. 

lambo, Iambi, lambitum, lam- 
bere, [^/labjcf. labrum], 3-v.a., 
lick. — Less exactly, of fire and the 
like, play around, lick. 

lamentabilis, -e, [flamenta- (cf. 
lamentum) + bilis], adj., lamen- 
table, pitiable. 

lamentum, -I, [unc. root + men- 
turn], n., a shriek, a groan, a cry, 
a lamentation, a wailing. 

lamina, -ae, [unc. root + mina 



Vocabulary. 



159 



(cf. columna)], f., a plate (of 
metal), a blade. 

lampas, -adis, [Gr. Aa/zTcfo], f., a 
light, a la?np; a torch (both for 
light and as a weapon of war), a 
burning brand. — Poetically, of 
the celestial bodies. 

Lamus, -I, [Gr. Ai/u.os'], m., a war- 
rior of Turnus. 

Lamyrus, -1, [Gr. Actytypos], m., a 
warrior of Turnus. 

lana, -ae, [?], f., wool, fleece: — 

• Less exactly (cf. "cotton wool"), 
cotton, down. — Also fig., of the 
clouds. 

lancea, -ae, [prob. Gr. ^6yxn\, f., 
a lance, a spear. 

laneus, -a, -urn, [flana- (reduced) 
+ .eus], adj., woollen, woolly, of 
wool. 

langueo, -ui, no sup., -uere, 
[.ylang, through adj. stem, cf. 
languidus], 2. v. n., grow faint, 
languish, fail. — languens, -en- 
tis, p., tired, feeble, fading, lan- 
guid : pelagus {subsiding)-, hya- 
cynthus {drooping), 

languesco, -langui, no sup., -es- 
cere, [flangue- (cf. langueo) + 
sco], 3. v. n., languish, faint, droop. 

languidus, -a, -um, [flanguo- 
(cf. langueo) + dus], adj., lan- 
guid, fainting. — Transferred, re- 
laxed, inactive, restful : quies. 

laniatus, -a, -um, p.p. of lanio. 

lanicium (-itium), -1 (-ii), [fla- 
na + cium, prob. through inter- 
mediate stem, perh. lanico-], n. 
(of adj.), wool. 

laniger, -era, -erum, [flana- 
(weakened) -ger (v/ges + us, cf. 
gero)], adj., wool-bearing, fleecy, 
tufted (with wool). * 

lanio, -avi, -atum, -are, [flanio-], 
I. v. a., tear, rend, ??iangle, muti- 
late, disfigure (by tearing). 

lanugo, -inis, [flanu- (akin to 
lana) + go], f-, woolliness, down. 

lanx, lancis, [perh. akin to 7rAa|], 
f., a dish (flat and broad), a plat- 
ter, a chai-ger. — Plur., pans (^of a 
balance), scales. 



Laocoon, -ontis, [Gr. Aao/c(W], 
m., a priest of Apollo, killed by 
two serpents on the day of the de- 
struction of Troy for his supposed 
sacrilege in violating the wooden 
horse. 

Laodamfa, -ae, [Gr. AaoSa^eta], 
f., wife of Protesilaus, who killed 
herself for love- of him. 

Laomedontiades, -ae, [Gr. patro- 
nymic of Laomedon], m., son (de- 
scendant) of Laomedon. — Plur., 
the Trojans (descendants of him 
as founder of the race). 

Ijaomedontius, -a, -um, [fLao- 
medont + ius], adj., of Laomedon, 
descended from Laomedon. — Less 
exactly, Trojan. 

lapidosus, -a, -um, [f lapid + 
osus], adj., stony, gritty. — Less 
exactly, hard as stone, stony: 
corna. 

lapillus, -1, [flapid + lus], m., a 
small stone, gravel, a pebble. 

lapis, -idis, [?], m., a stone, stone, 
a rock : Parius (marble). — Less 
exactly, a statue : Parii lapides 
(marbles of Paros) . — Esp. : ineu- 
sus (of a millstone). 

liapithae, -arum, [Gr. Aam9ai~], 
m., a tribe of Thessaly, famous for 
their battle with the Centaurs. 

lappa, -ae, [?], f., a bur. 

lapso, -avi, -atum, -are, [flap- 
so-], I. v. a., slip. 

lapsus, -a, -um, p.p. of labor. 

lapsus, -us, [ .y/laD + tus], m., a 
falling, a fall, a slip, a gliding 
motion, a swoop (of birds), course 
(of stars) : rotarum (rolling 
wheels) . 

laquear (-are), (also lacuar), 
-aris, [flaeu-j-are (n. of aris)], 
n., (a lakelike place), a hollow (in 
a ceiling made by the crossing of 
beams), a ceiling : tecti (fretted 
ceiling) . 

laqueus, -I, [perh. flacu-f eus], 
m., (pitfall?), a springe, a trap, 
a noose, a gin, a snare. 

Lar, "Laris, [?, orig. las], m., a 
household god, a tutelary divinity. 



i6o 



Vocabulary. 



— Usually in the plur., the special 
protectors of the household, the 
spirits of deceased ancestors, or 
some deified persons, represented 
as youths in a short tunic, gener- 
ally pouring a libation, and wor- 
shipped with flowers, fruit, wine, 
incense, and fine grain or cakes. 

— Less exactly, hearth (as in Eng. 
for home), home, house, habitation. 

largior, -Itus, -iri, [flargo- (as if 
largi-)], 4. v. dep., bestow freely, 
freely accord (a boon). 

largus, -a, -urn, [perk, akin to 
longus, Gr. doAixos'], adj., wide, 
spacious: largior aether {freer, 
less confined, as opposed to the 
earthy atmosphere). — Less ex- 
actly, copious, plenteous, abundant: 
fletus {flood of tears)-, sanguis 
{a stream of blood) ; fetus {pro- 
lific) ; copia fandi .(a ready flozv). 

— Also, of persons, rich, lavish, 
generous. 

Ijarides, -ae, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

Larlna, -ae, [?], f., a companion 
of Camilla. 

Larissaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Aapicr- 
aaios~\, adj., of Larissa (a town of 
Thessaly, the supposed abode of 
Achilles), Larissccan. 

Liarius, -1 (-ii), [?], m., a lake of 
Cisalpine Gaul, Lake Como. 

lasclvus, -a, -um, [?], adj., frisky, 
frolicsome, sportive, wanton : ca- 
pellae; puella. 

lassus, -a, -um, [prob. p.p. (unc. 
root + tus)], adj., weary, worn, 
tired, fatigued. — Of things: res 
{broke??, fortune) ; collum {droop- 
ing, of a poppy). 

Ltatagus, -1, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. 

late [abl. of latus], adv., broadly, 
widely, far and ivide, afar, in all 

• directions, far and near : disce- 
dere late {leave a wide passage). 

latlbra, -ae, [flate- (of lateo) + 
bra], f., hiding-place, lur king- 
place, covert, cavern, retreat, place 
of ambush. — Plur. in same sense. 

latebrosus, -a, -um, [flatebra- 
( reduced) + osus], adj., full of 



hiding-places, apt for concealment, 
cavernous. 
lateo, -111, no sup., -ere, [^/lat, 
akin to Gr. \avBav<a~\, 2. v. n. and 
a., lie concealed, be hidden, skulk, 
hide, be covered, be unseen, lurk, 
hide one^s self, take {find) shelter. 

— Fig., be hidden, be tmkncnun, be 
unknozvn to, lie hid. — latens, • 
-entis, p. as adj., hidden, secret, 
unknown. 

latex, -icis, [?], m., a fluid, a 
liquid. — Esp., water or wine. 

Iiatinus, -a, -um, [flatu- (or -o), 
akin to irKarvs (reduced) + inus, 
cf. Latium], adj., ofLaiium (the 
plain between the Tiber, the 
Apennines, and the sea), Latin. 

— As subst, masc. sing., Latinus 
(king of the region). — Masc. or 
fern, plur., the Latins . (men or 
women) . 

Liatium, -1 (-ii), [flatu- (or o), 
akin to irAarvs, -f ium (n. of ius), 
cf. Latinus], n., the plain of Italy 
south of the Tiber. 

Ijatona, -ae, [Gr. Ayrd + na, cf. 
Diana, Neptunus], f., the mother 
of Apollo and Diana. 

Iiatouius, -a, -vim, [f Latona- (re- 
duced) + ius], adj., of Latona, 
son {daughter) of Latona, La- 
tonian (connected with Latona). 

— As subst., fern., daughter of 
Lato?ia (Diana). 

latrator, -oris, [f latra- (of latro) 

+ tor], m.. a barker. — In appos. 

as adj., the barking : Anubis (with 

a dog's head). 
latratus, -us, [flatra- (of latro) 

+ tus], m., a barking, a yelping, 

a cry (of hounds). 
latro, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 1. 

y. n. (and a.), bark, yelp, roar. 
latro, -onis, m., a robber, a hunter. 
latus, -a, -um, p.p. of fero. 
latus, -a, -um, [for stlatus, akin to 

sterno], adj., {spread out), broad, 

'wide : agri ; umeri ; lancea 

{broad-pointed) . 
latus, -eris, [akin to Gr. irXarvs, cf. 

Liatium], n., (orig. width), the 



Vocabulary. 



161 



side, the flank. — Less exactly (as 
in Eng.), the side (of anything). 

laudo, -avi,-atum, -are, [flaud], 
I. v. a., praise, commend, approve, 
speak well of, extol. 

Laurens, -entis, [perh. akin to 
laurus], adj., ofLaurentum, Lau- 
rentian. — Masc. plur., the Lau- 
rent ians. 

ILaurentum, -i, [longer form of 
Laurens, cf. argentum], n., a 
town of Latium, occupied by Tur- 
nus as the chief seat of the war 
with /Eneas. 

laureus, -a, -um, [flauro- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of laurel. — 
Fern., laurea, the laurel tree, the 
laurel. 

laurus, -us and -1, [?], f., the laurel, 
the bay. — Also, a laurel crown, 
laurel (used to decorate the victor 
in any contest). 

laus, laudis, [?], f., praise (both 
as given and enjoyed), glory, fame, 
renown, credit. — Concretely, vir- 
tue (as deserving praise), merit, a 
noble action. 

Lausus, -1, [?], m., the son of Me- 
zentius. 

lautus, -a, -um, p.p. of lavo. 

Jjavinia, see Lavinius. 

Lavlnius, -a, -um, [tLavino- (re- 
duced) +ius], adj., of Lavinium 
(the town built by /Eneas in La- 
tium and named in honor of Lavinia 
his wife), Lavinian. — Fern., La- 
vinia, daughter of King Latinus, 
married to /Eneas. — Xeut., Lavi- 
nium, the town itself. 

Lavlnus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
Lavinium, Lavinian. Many edi- 
tojs read only Jjavinius. 

lavo, lavavl (lavi), lavatum 
(lautum, lotum), lavare (la- 
vere), [akin to luo and Gr. Kovco~\, 
I. and 3. v. a., wash, bathe, -wash 
off. — Also, wet, moisten, bedew, 
bathe, soak. — lautus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., clean, elegant, rich, 
costly, magnifice?it. — lavandi, 
gerund, of bathing (one's self, ab- 
solutely) . 



! laxatus, -a, -um, p.p. of laxo. 
laxo, -avl, -atum, -are, [flaxo-], 

I. v. a., loosen, relax, unbind, 
open : rudentes {let go) ; foros 
(clear) ; laxata est via voci (set 
free) ; arva sinus (open her bosom, 
of the earth as spouse of Jove). — 
Fig., relax, relieve, refresh : som- 
no cur as ; membra quiet e. 

laxus, -a, -um, [p.p. perh. ^/\s.g 
"(cf. XayydCw) + tus], adj., loose, 
slack, wide (as not drawn tight), 
unstrung: casses (fine spun, thin, 
as if not tightly woven, the fineness 
of the thread producing the same 
effect) . 

leaena, -ae, [Gr. \4aiva], f., a 
lioness. 

lebes, -etis, [Gr. Ae^s], m., a ket- 
tle, a caldron. 

lector, -oris, [y'leg-f tor], m., a 
reader. 

lectus, -a, -um, p.p. of lego. . 

lectus, -1, [?], m., a bed, a couch. 

Leda, -ae, [Gr. AtjSt?], f., the mother 
of Helen and Castor and Pollux. 

Ledaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. At^cuos], 
adj., of Leda, descendant of Leda 
(child or grandchild). 

legatus, -I, [p.p. of lego],, m., an 
embassador, a messenger, an envoy. 

legifer, -era, -erum, [fleg- (as if 
legi-) + fer (yfer + us)], adj., 
lawgiving, lawgiver. 

legio, -onis, [ y leg + io, as if flego- 
(weakened) + o], f., (a levy, cf. 
lego), a legion (the regular unit 
of force of the Roman army) . — 
Less exactly, a company, a band, 
an army. 

lego, legl, lectum, legere, [ y/leg, 
cf. Gr. \€yco~\, 3. v. a., gather, col- 
lect, pick, pluck, pick up, choose, 
elect, select : vela (take in). — Less 
exactly, review, contemplate, pick 
out, scan ; — hence, re-ad, and coast 
along, skim, pass over, pass by, 
trace. — Esp. (cf. sacrilegus), 
steal : socios (deceive). — lectus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., chosen, gath- 
ered, choice, picked, select, emi- 
nent. 



1 62 



Vocabulary. 



legumen, -inis, [flegu- (akin to 
flego ?) + men] , n., pulse, beans. 

Leleges, -um, [Gr. AeAeyes], m. pi., 
a tribe or stock occupying the 
coasts of Greece and Asia Minor 
before the historic inhabitants of 
those countries. 

lembus, -1, [Gr. Ae i ui8os],m., a skiff, 
a boat. 

JJemnius, -a, -um, [Gr. A'fjfivios']," 
adj., of Lemnos (the island upon 
which Vulcan fell from heaven), 
Lemnian. — As subst., the Le?nnian 
god (Vulcan) . 

Lienaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. A-qvouos], 
adj., (of the wine-press) , of (to) 
Bacchus, Lencean. — Masc, Le- 
nceus, a name of Bacchus. 

lenio, -Ivi (-il), -Itum, -Ire, 
[fleni-], 4. v. a., mitigate, relieve, 
assuage, soothe, moderate. 

lenis, -e, [?], adj., moderate, gentle. 

lens, lentis, [?], f., a lentil (a kind 
of pulse). 

lentesco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 
[flente- (stem of lost lenteo) + 
SCO], 3. v. n., stick, adhere. 

lento, -avl, -atum, -are, [f lento-], 
I. v. a., bend. 

lentus, -a, -um, [perh. akin to 
lenis], adj., tenacious, adhesive, 
sticky, viscid, clinging, tough, mal- 
leable, ductile, flexible, pliant, 
bending, twining. — Also, sluggish, 
slow, trafiquil, idle, at ease. 

leo, -onis, [akin to Gr. AeW], m., a 
lion. 

lepus, -oris, [?], m., a hare. 

Lerna, -ae, [Gr. Aipvr\\, f., a lake 
and marsh near Argos, where Her- 
cules slew the famous hydra. 

Ijernaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Azpvcuos~\, 
adj., of Lema, Lerjicean. 

Lesbos, -1, [Gr. Aeo-jSos], f., an 
island in the ^Egean famous for 
its wine. 

letalis, -e, [fleto- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., deadly, mortal, fatal, 
of death. 

Lethaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Ar)0cuos~\, 
adj., of Lethe (the river of forge t- 
fulness in the world below), Le- 



thaean. — Less exactly, soporific: 
somnus (lethargic). 
letifer, -era, -erum, [fletd-fer 

( y'fer + us)], adj., mortal, deadly, 
fatal. 

letum, -1, [^/le or tle + turn (n. of 
tus), cf. deleo], n., death. — Less 
exactly, destruction, ruin. 

Lieucaspis, -is, [Gr. AevKcunris'], m., 
a Trojan. 

Jjeucate, -es (-es, -ae), [Gr. Aeu- 
Ka.Trf\, {., a promontory at the south 
extremity of Leucadia, off the west- 
ern coast of Acarnania. 

levamen, -inis, [fleva- (of levo) 
-f men], n., means of relief, solace, 
comfort, relief. 

levatus, -a, -um, p.p. of levo. 

levis, -e, [fleg + u (with added i)," 
cf. eAax^s], adj., light, slight, swift, 
agile, rapid. — Fig., slight, trivial, 
of little iveight, u?iimportant. — 
Also, gentle, mild. 

levis, -e, [unc. root + vis (cf. Gr. 
Ae?os)], adj., smooth, polished. 

levo, -a vi, -atum, -are, [flevi- (as 
if levo-)], I. v. a., lighten, lift tip, 
lift, raise. — Less exactly and fig., 
lighten, relieve, alleviate, — With 
change of point of view, relieve of 
assist, free, rescue, disburden : ter- 
ras in visum numen (relieve of 
its presence) . 

lex, legis, [prob. -^/leg (of lego) 
as stem, cf. legunt iura magis- 
tratusque], f., a law (written, cf. 
ius, prescriptive right), a statute, 
a decree, an ordinance. — Less ex- 
actly, a term, a conditioii, terms 
of peace, a bond, a?i institution : 
leges et foedera (conditions of a 
treaty) . 

libamen, -inis, [fliba- (cf. libo) 
-j- men], n., a libation, a first sac- 
rifice, an offeiHng. 

libatus, -a, -um, p.p. of libo. 

libens, see libet. 

libeo (lub-), libui (libitum est), 
libitum, libere, [ ^lib (lub), cf. 
English love~], 2. v. n., be pleasing, 
please. — Esp. impers., it pleases, 
is one 's pleasure. — libens, -entis, 



Vocabulary. 



163 



p. as adj., willing^ ready, with a 
free will, gladly. 
liber, -bri, [?], m., bark. 

1. liber, -era, -erum, [prob. ylub 
(through stem) +rus], adj., free, 

. unrestrained, in one's power, un- 
tamed. 

2. Liber, -eri, [?], m., an Italian 
divinity identified with Bacchus. 

libere [abl. of liber], adv., freely, 
generously, of one^s own accord. 

libertas, -atis, [flibero- (reduced) 
+ tas], f., liberty, freedom, per- 
mission. 

libet, see libeo. 

Libethris, -idis, [Gr. A€i3ri9pts~], 
f. adj., of Libethra (a fountain in 
Macedonia, a favorite haunt of the 
Muses) . 

libo, -avi, -atum, -are, [flibo- 
(cf. \oi$ J c\, libum, and also Xel&to) ] , 
I. v. a., pour (a libation), make a 
libation. — As the libation was the 
beginning of drinking, drink, quaff. 
— Also, sip, taste : oscula {gently 
kiss). — With change of point of 
view : pateris altaria {sprinkle 
with a libation) . — Less exactly, 
offer, sacrifice. 

libra, -ae, [?], f., a balance. — 
Esp., Libra (the constellation). 

libro, -avi, -atum, -are, [f libra-], 
I. v. a., balance, poise. — Also, 
sming, brandish; — hence, hurl, 
cast, throw, fling. 

libum, -i, [Vlib ( c f- li"bo> Gr. 
\£t#i»)3, n., a cake (of a peculiar 
kind used in sacrifice). 

Iiiburnus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the 
Liburni (a nation of Illyria, on 
the eastern side of the Adriatic), 
Liburnian. — Plur., the Libtcrni 
(the people themselves). 

Libya, -ae, [Gr. Aij8u7j], f., a region 
of Africa. 

Libycus, -a, -um, [fLibya- (re- 
duced) + cus], adj., Libyan, of 
Libya. — Less exactly, African. 

Libystis, -idis, [Gr. Aifiuo-ris^, f. 
adj., Libyan, of Libya. — Less ex- 
actly, African. 

licenter [flicent- (p. of liceo) + 



ter (n. of terus, reduced)], adv., 
freely, with freedom. 
liceo, licui (licitum est), lici- 
tum, licere, [V^ c ( a ^ m to lin- 

quo?) through adj. stem, cf. reli- 
quus and Eng. " leave "~\, 2. v. n., 

. be allowed, be permitted. — Esp. 
impers., it is allozved, it is permit- 
ted, it is granted, it is lawful, it is 
possible, one may. — licet, al- 
though (cf. Eng. "may"), though. 
— licitus, -a, -um, p.p., co7iceded, 
lawful, permitted, allowable. 

Liclias, -ae, [Gr. Aixas'], m., a 
Latin. 

licitus, -a, -um, p.p. of liceo. 

licium, -i (-ii), [cf. bilix], n., a 
leash (a string attached to each 
thread of the warp to draw it back 
and forth, making what is called 
"the harness"). — a thread. 

Licymnia, -ae, [?], f., a slave. 

ligatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ligo. 

Ligea, -ae, [Gr. Aiyeia], f., a wood- 
nymph. 

Liger, f-eris, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

lignum, -i, [?], n., wood, timber. — 
Less exactly, a trunk (of a tree), 
a stock, a stump. 

Ligur (-us), -uris, [?], adj., Ligu- 
rian. — Sing., a Ligurian. — PL, 
the Ligurians (a people of Cisal- 
pine Gaul, about modern Genoa 
and the neighborhood). 

ligustrum, -i, [?], n., privet. 

lilium, -i (-ii), [Gr. \elpiov~], n., a 
lily. 

Lilybaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. AiXvQcu- 
ov~], adj., of Lilyb&um (a promon- 
tory on the southern coast of 
Sicily). 

limbus, -i, [poss. akin to libo, from 
the resemblance to drops?], m., a 
fringe, a border. 

limen, -inis, [unc. root (in limus 
and limes) + men], n., {the cross- 
piece?), a lintel, a threshold. — 
More generally, a house, a palace, 
a temple, a chamber, a home, a hab- 
itation, an abode. — Less exactly, 
an entrance, a passage-way, a door, 
a gate. — Fig., the border (of a 



164 



Vocabulary. 



country), the starting-post (of a 
race), the beginnings threshold: 
in limine {close at hand). 

limes, -itis, [prob. akin to limus 
and lhnen], m., a cross-path, a 
boundary (in form of a path), a 
limit. — Less exactly, a path, a- 
by-way, a passage, a road. — Fig., 
a track (of a meteor, &c), a path : 
limitem agit ferro (hews a path) . 

llmosus, -a, -urn, [flimo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., muddy, miry, 
swampy. 

limus, -1, [y'li + mus], m., mud, 
slime, clay, soil. 

limus, -1, [?], m., a girdle (of 
thread, a peculiar, sort worn by 
priests) . Others read linum. 

lingua, -ae, [^/ling (cf. Gr. \eixu>) 
-f- a], f., a tongue (of men and 
animals). — Fig., language, tongue, 
note, voice. 

lino, levi, litum, linere, [V^]» 
3. v. a., besmear, anoint, daub. — 
Less^exactly, spatter, spot. 

linquo, liqui, lie turn, linquere, 
[ylic (-qu), cf. Gr. Aei7ro>], 3. v. a., 
leave, abandon, forsake, quit: ani- 
mas {lose)-, habenas {let go); 
alitibus feris {expose) . — Fig., 
cease, leave off, desist from. 

linter, -tris, [?], f., a boat, a skiff, 
a canoe. 

linteum, -1, [flino- (through stem 
in -to)], n., canvas, a sail. 

linum, -i, [perh. Gr. \'ivov~\, n., 
Jlax. — Less exactly, a thread, a 
line, a net, linen, linen cloth. 

Linus, -i, [Gr. Aivos~\, m., a famous 

. musician, instructor of Orpheus 
and Hercules. 

Xiipare, -es, [Gr. Anrdpr)'], f., Lipa- 
ra, one of the /Eolian islands (now 
Lipari) . 

liquefacio, -feci, -factum, face- 
re, [case-form of fliquo- (or stem, 
cf. liquidus) -facio], 3. v. a., melt, 
dissolve, liquefy. — Esp., putrefy. 

liquefactus, -a, -um, p.p. of lique- 
facio. 

liquens, -entis, p. of liqueo. 

liquens, -entis, p. of liquor. 



liqueo, liqui, no sup., liquere, 
[fliquo-], 2. v. n.,flo7v, be clear, be 
limpid. — liquens, -entis, p., clear, 
liquid, limpid. 

liquesco, licui, no sup., liques- 
cere, [flique- (cf. liqueo, fr. 
fliquus, cf. liquidus) + sco], 
3. v. n., begin to melt, soften, be 
smelted. 

liquidus, -a, -um, [fliquo- {^/\i 
+ cus, cf. liqueo, liquefacio) + 
dus], adj., liquid, flowing, clear, 
pure, limpid. — Less exactly, pure, 
clear, serene : nox ; nubes ; iter 
{liquid, as in Eng.) ; voces ; aes- 
tas ; odor ; nox ; electrum. 

liquor, no perf., -i, [fliquo- (cf. 
liquidus) as verb-stem], 3. v. n., 
dissolve, flow, liquefy, flow with, 
be battled. 

liquor, -oris, [fliquo- (cf. liqui- 
dus, reduced) as root -for], m., 
fluid, water, moisture, humor (of 
the body). 

Liris, -is, [?], the river dividing 
Latium and Campania (now Sari- 
gliano). 

lis, litis, [for stlis (unc. roor + tis,) 
cf. Eng. s tr if i\,i., strife, a dispute, 
a contest, rivalry. 

litatus, -a, -um, p.p. of lito. 

lito, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 1. v. a. 
and n., sacrifice (with favorable 
omens), appease an offended divin- 
ity (by sacrihee). — Act., offer suc- 
cessfully, perfon?i acceptably. 

litoreus (litt-), -a, -um, [flitor + 
eus], adj., of the shore, of the beach. 

littus, etc.; see litus, etc. 

litus, -a, -um, p.p. .of lino. 

litus (litt-), -oris, [unc. root + us], 
n., the shore, a beach, the strand, 
the coast, a bank (of a river). 

lituus, -i, [?], m., a staff (curved 
at the end, used in augury). — 
From the shape, a trumpet, a horn. 

Hveo, no perf., no sup., -ere, [f livo- 
(cf. lividus)], 2. v. n., be blue or 
lead color. — livens, -entis, p. as 
adj., blue, black and blue, lead-col- 
ored. 

lividus, -a, -um, [flivo- (cf. li- 



Vocabular; 



16s 



veo) + dus], adj., dark blue, livid, 
dusky, leaden (lead-colored). 

loco, -avi, -atum, -are, [floco-], 
I . v. a., place, put, set, set up, build, 
fix, station, settle, dispose : in par- 
tem caeli {give a share in, give a 
place in). 

Locrl, -orum, [Gr. AoKpoC], m. 
plur., a race of Greece who settled 
in Southern Italy. 

locus, -I, [orig. stlocus, remotely 
akin to -y/sta^m. (also n. in plur.), 
a. place, space, room, a region, a 
site, a situation, a position, a spot 
(of ground), a tract. — Fig., con- 
dition, situation, state. — Esp. : 
dare locum {give way, make 
way) ; loco cedere {give way, de- 
cline) ; loco movere {dislodge) ; 
hie tibi Fortunaeque locus 
{chance, opportunity). 

locutus, -a, -um, p.p. of loquor. 

lolium, -1 (-il), [?], n., darnel, 
cockle, tares (or some similar weed 
infesting grain) . 

longaevus, -a, -um, [flongo-aevo- 
(declined as adj.)], adj., of great 
age, aged, in one's old age. 

longe [abl. of longus], adv., afar, 
far off, at a distance, far away. — 
Also, from afar, from a distatice. 
— Of degree, by far, far. — Of 
time, long, at great length. 

longinquus, -a, -um, [stem akin 
to longus + cus, cf. propin- 
quus], adj., distant, remote, far 
off. — Of time,- ancient, long-con- 
tinued.— ?\ eut., a distant land, a 
distant region. 

longus, -a, -um, [akin to largus 
and Gr. SoAt^os], adj., long, spa- 
cious, .wide, extensive, extended, 
extending, prolonged, distant. — 
Of time, long, continued, long-con- 
tinued, linger -ing. — Neut. as adv.," 
far, long, a long time. 

loquax, -acis, [ Vl Q( l u + ax > as if 
floqua -f- cus (reduced)], adj., 
talkative, loquacious, garrulous. — 
Less exactly, noisy, chattering, 
croaking. 

loquela (-ella), -ae, [^/loqu+ela, 



as if floque + la (f. of -lus)], f., 
speech, discourse, words (in plur.). 

loquor, locutus, loqui, [^/loqu, 
of unc. kindred], 3. v. dep., speak 
(in any form of utterance) . 

lorica, -ae, [floro- (reduced, or a 
kindred stem in i) + ica (f. of 
icus)], f., (perh. orig. a cuirass of 
leather straps), a coat of mail, a 
cuirass. 

lorum, -1, [?], a thong, a strap, a 
rein, a bridle. 

lotus (-os), -1, [Gr. Awros], f . : 
1. Name of a fruit-tree; 2. Name 
of a kind of water-lily. 

lubricus, -a, -um, [?, stem akin to 
luo + cus], adj., slippery, slimy. 

— Fig., deceitful, tricky, false. — 
Xeut. plur. lubrica, slippery 
ground. 

Lucagus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

luceo, luxi, no sup., lucere, [flu- 
co- (cf. noctiluca)], 2. v. n., 
shine, gleam, be bright. — Less ex- 
actly, be resplendent} be splendid. 

— Fig., appear, shozv itself. — 
lucens, -entis, p. as adj., bright, 
splendid, brilliant. 

lucesco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 
[fliice- (of luceo) + sco], 3. v. n., 
clear up, shine out, shine. 

Lucetius, -1 (-ii), [akin to luceo], 
m : , a Rutulian. 

lucidus, -a, -um, [fluco- (cf. lu- 
ceo) + dus], adj., bright, shining, 
brilliant, glittering, radiant. 

Lucifer, -era, -erum, [flue- (as if 
luci) -fer (^/fer+us)], adj., light- 
bringing. — Masc. as subst., the 
morning star. 

lucifugus, -a, -um, [flue- (as if 
luci) -fugus ( V fu ?+ us )]> ad F> 
light- shunning, avoiding the light. 

Liucina, -ae, [flue -f inus (as if 
fluci + na, f. of nus)], f., a name 
of Diana, applied also to Juno, as 
protectress of child-bearing women. 
— Also, bearing (as Ceres, grain), 
breeding. 

Lucrlnus, -a, -um, [Gr. AoKp?vos~\, 
adj., Lucrine. — Masc. (sc. lacus), 
the Lucrine Lake (the north-west 



i66 



Vocabulary. 



end of the Gulf of Pozzuoli, an- 
ciently cut off by a dam and made 
a kind of inland sea). 

luctamen, -inis, [flucta- (stem of 
luctor) + men], n., struggling, 
wrestling, toil. 

luctificus, -a, -um, [fluctu- (weak- 
ened) -ficus (yf ac + us)], adj., 
grief-bringing, b ringer of grief . 

luctor, -atus, -arl, [lost noun- 
stem], I. v. dep., struggle, zvrestle, 
strive. 

luctus, -us,[ ^/lug+tus, cf. lugeo], 
m., grief, sorrow, mourning, dis- 
tress ; wailing, mournful com- 
plaint. — Personified, Grief. 

lucus, -I, [prob. ^J\vlQ, (cf. luceo) 
-f us (orig. opposed to thick, dark 
woods)], m., a sacred grove. — 
Less exactly, a wood, a thicket. 

ludibrium, -1 (-ii), [fludibri- (re- 
duced, cf. lugubris, Mulciber) 
-f- ium], n., sport. — Concretely (of 
things), the sport (as, of the winds). 

ludicer, -era, -criim, [as if (pern. 
really) f ludico- (reduced) -f rus, 
cf. volucris, sepulcrum], adj., 
sportive, in sport, trifling: prae- 
mia (of sportive games) . 

ludo, lusi, lusum, liidere, [^/lud, 
unc. kindred], 3. v. a. and n.,play, 
sport, frolic, do in sport : carmina 
{sing in sport) ; coloni versi- 
bus ; in sicco fulicae ; iubae per 
colla ; Aeneas parvulus in aula ; 
calamo. — Also, mock, deceive, de- 
lude, cheat, trick : vana spem 
amantem. 

ludus, -I, [y/lud + us], m., sport, 
play, a ganie, a pastime. — Esp., a 
play (on the stage), a festival 
game. — Plur., games (a set festi- 
val), sports. 

lues, -is, [?], f., a plague, a pesti- 
lence, a blight. — Also, a pest, a 
barie. 

lugeo, luxl, luctum, lugere, [?, 
cf. Gr; \vyp6s, 6\oAv£oo~], 2. v. n. 
and a., mourn, lament. — Esp. : 
Lugentes Campi, the Fields of' 
Mourning. 

lugubris, -e, [fluge- (or kindred ! 



stem) + bris (cf. ludibrium)], 

adj., mournful. — Less exactly, 
ominously (boding grief). 

lunibus, -1, [?], m., the loin. 

lumen, -inis, [^/luc + men], n., 
light, a glare. — Esp., the light of 
life. — Also, a lamp. — Transferred, 
the eye. — Phrases : lumina du- 
cum, bright stars ; caeli spirabile 
lumen, light and air. 

luna, -ae, [ yduc + na (f. of nus)], 
f., the moon, — moonlight. — Per- 
sonified, Luna,' Diana. — Also, a 
lunation, a mooii. 

lunatus, -a, -um, [p.p. of luno], 
adj., half-moon shaped, crescent- 
shaped. 

1. luo, -ul,-uitum(-utum), -uere, 
[akin to lavo], 3. v. a., wash. — 
Fig., zvash out, atone for, expiate. 

2. luo, -ul, -uitum (-utum), -uere, 
[cf. Avw, solvo], 3. v. a., pay, pay 

for. — Also, undergo. 

lupa, -ae,[f. of lupus], f., a she-wolf. 

lupatus, -a, -um, [flupa + tus, cf. 
auratus], adj., set -with wolfs 
teeth. — Neut. plur. (sc. frena), a 
curb bit, a curb. 

Ljupereal, -alls, [fLuperco- (re- 
duced) + alis], n. of adj., Luper- 
calis, a grotto sacred to Lupercus. 

JLupercus, -1, [flupo-arcus (cf. 
arceo)], m., usually plur., priests 
of Pa?i, the Luperci. 

lupinus (-um), -1, [?],m., a lu- 
pine (a kind of pulse). 

lupus,-!, [ ?, cf. Gr. \vkos~], m., a wolf. 

lustralis, -e* [flustroj (reduced) 
+ alis, cf. also lustro], adj., ex- 
piatory. 

lustro, -avi, -atum, -are, [flus- 
tro-], I. v. a., ptirify (by lustra- 
tion), sprinkle (with holy water). 
— Pass., purify one's self, sacrifice 
for expiation. — From the process 
of lustration, traverse, pass over, 
pass around, encircle, rove over, 
pass through, sail over. — Also, ex- 
amine, search, reconnoitre, track, 
trace, observe, survey, review. — 
Of the sun, &c, encompass, encir- 
cle, illuminate. 



Vocabulary, 



167 



lustrum, -1, [stem from -y/lu, wash, 
+ trum], n.: I. A purification. 

— From the periodic purification 
at Rome, a lustre (period of five 
years). — Less exactly (in plur.), 
years, time ; 2. Prob. a different 
word, a bog, a den, a forest. 

luteolus, -a, -um, [fluted -f lus], 
adj., yellowish, yellow. 

luteus, -a, -um, [fluto- (reduced) 
+eus], adj., saffron-colored, yellow. 

latum, -I, [?], n., weld (a yellow 
plant used in dyeing). 

lux, lucis, [^/luc (increased) as 
stem], f., light, splendor, daylight, 
sunlight, dawn, morning, day- 
break — Also, a day ; — the light 
of life, life ; — light (solace, stay). 

— Also, the upper light, the upper 
world. 

luxuria (-ies), -ae (-el), [tluxuro 
or i (fluxu + rus or ris], f., rank- 
ness, htxuriance (of growth) . 

luxurio, -avi, -atum, -are, [f luxu- 
ria-], I. v. n., frisk, wanton, 
prance. — Also, be rank,' luxuri- 
ate, swell, be full. 

luxus, -us, [poss. akin to Gr. Ao£os], 
m., luxury, debauchery, dalliance, 
wantonness. — Also,splendor,pomp, 
magnificence. 

Lyaeus, -1, [Gr. Avouos~\, m., a name 
of Bacchus. 

Lyaeus, -a, -um, [same word, as 
last], adj., of Bacchus. 

Ijycaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Awccuos], 
adj., Lyccean, of Alt. Lycceus (in 
Arcadia, a favorite resort of Pan). 

— Masc, Lycceus (the mountain). 
Lycaon, -onis, [Gr. AvKacai/'], m., a 

Cretan worker in metals. 
Lycaonius, -a, -um, [Gr. Ajkz- 

6vlos~\, adj., sofz of Lycaon (or else 

Lycaoniati), of Lycaonia : Eri- 

cetes. 
lychnus, -I, [Gr. Kvxv^s'], m., a 

lamp. 
Lycidas, -ae, [Gr. Awci&as], m., a 

shepherd. 



Lycimnia, -ae, [?], f., a Phrygian 
slave. See Licymnia. 

Tjycisca, -ae, [Gr. Av/aa/r//], f., the 
name of a dog. 

Lycius, -a, -um, [Gr. Avklos], adj., 
Lycian, of Lycia. — Fern., Lycia, 
a division of Asia Minor famous 
for its bowmen, and in alliance 
with Troy. — Plur., the Lycians 
(the people). 

Lycorias, -aclis, [Gr. AvKcopLas'], f., 
a sea-nymph. 

Lyeoris, -idis, [Gr. AvKcopis'], f., a 
girl loved by Cornelius Gallus. 

Liyctius, -a, -um, [Gr. Au/rnos], 
adj., of Lyctos (a city of Crete), 
Lyctian. — Less exactly, Cretan. 

Ljycurgus, -I, [Gr. AvKovpyos~], m., 
a Thracian king who persecuted 
the worshippers of Bacchus. 

Lycus, -1, [Gr. Aj/co's], m. : 1. A 
river of Colchis ; 2. A companion 
of ^Eneas. 

Liydiiis, -a, -um, [Gr. Avdtos'], adj., 
Lydian, of Lydia. — Fern., Lydia, 
the country. — Less exactly (from 
supposed kindred), Tuscan, Etru- 
rian. 

Lydus, -a, -um, [Gr. AOSos], adj 
of Lydia (a province of Asia Mi 
nor), Lydian. — PL, the Lydians, 

lympha, -ae, [ ?, but cf. limpidus] 
f., (perhaps confounded with G: 
pvfKprj), water. 

lympha tus, -a, -um, p.p. of lym- 
pho.^ 

lympho, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[f lympha-, but the connection of 
ideas is not clear, cf. Gr. vv^r^, 
I. v. a., distract, craze, madden. 

Lynceus, -el, [Gr. A^y/ceus], m., a 
Trojan. 

lynx, -ncis, [Gr. Airy£], coram., a 
lynx. 

Lyrnesius (-essius), -a, -um, [Gr. 
Avpwr)<rios~\, adj., of Lymes us, Lyr- 
nesia?i. 

Lyrnesus (-essus), -1, [Gr. Avp- 
yrjaros'], f., a town of Troas. 



1 68 



Vocabulary. 



M. 



macer, -era, -crum, [ ^/mac + rus, 
cf. maceo. The roots mac, mag, 
and MAGH are exceedingly con- 
fused, and have probably been 
confounded with each other- in 
their developed forms; see mag- 
nus, macto], adj., lean, thin, 
meagre. 

Machaon, -onis, [Gr. Max^coy], 
m., a famous surgeon and warrior 
of the Trojan war. 

machina, -ae, [Gr. jurjxaW}], *"•> a 
machine, a derrick, an engine. 

macies, -el, [y'mac (cf. macer) 
-f-ies], f., leanness, emaciation, a 
pinched appearance. 

mactatus, -a, -uni, p.p. of macto. 

macte [abl. of mactus (whence 
macto)], adv. (only with esto 
expr. or supplied), increased, ad- 
vanced : macte nova virtute, 
puer (a blessing on &c, success 
attend}. 

macto, -avi,-atum, -are, [fmacto- 
(^/mag + tus, cf. magnus), but 
perh. confused with -^mag and 
^/magh, cf. macer, macellum], 

1 . v. a., {magnify) . — Transferred 
(of the victim sacrificed, cf. ma- 
cellum), sacrifice, offer. — Less 
exactly, slay, kill, slaughter. 

macula, -ae, [lost stem fmaco + 
la], f., a spot, a stain. 

maculo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fma- 
cula-], I. v. a., spot, stain, defile, 
sully. 

maculosus, -a, -um, [fmacula- 
(reduced) + osus], adj., spotted, 
marked with spots. 

madefacio, -feci, -factum, -fa- 
cere, [fmade- (cf. madeo, ma- 
flidus)], 3. v. a., wet, soak, stain 
(of blood). 

madeo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [fmado- 
(cf.madidus), ^/mad, cf. /uxSdco'], 

2. v. n., be wet, flow, drip, be 
soaked. — madens, -entis, p. as 
adj., wet, soaked, drenched, be- 
smeared 

madesco, madui, no sup., ma- 



descere, [fmade- (of madeo) + 

sco], 3. v. n., become moist, moisten. 

madidus, -a, -um, [fmado- (cf. 
madeo) + dus], adj., moist, wet, 
dripping, soaking. 

Maeander, -dri, [Gr. Mamvfyos], 
m., a river of Lydia famous for its 
windings. — Fig., a winding border. 

Maecenas, -ae,[an Etruscan word], 
m., C. Cihiius Mcecenas, the great 
patron of Virgil and Horace, and 
the friend of Augustus. 

Maenalius, -a, -um, [Gr. Maivd- 
. A:os], adj., of Mcenalus, McEnalian. 
— Less exactly, Arcadian. 

Maenalus, -1 (-a, -orum), [ ], m. 
and n., a mountain of Arcadia. 

Maeon, -onis, [Gr. McuW], m., .a 
Rutulian. 

Maeonides, -ae, [Gr. Matoz/iS^s], 
m., of Mceonia (a part of Lydia), 
a Mceonian. — Less exactly (cf. 
Lydius), an Etrurian. 

Maeonius, -a, -um, [Gr. Mawvios], 
adj., Mceonian. — Less exactly, 
Lydian. — Fem. (cf. Gr. Maioi/ia), 
Mczonia, Lydia. 

Maeotius, -a, -um, [Gr. JYftnwnos], 
adj., of the Mceotce (a people of 
Scythia), Mceotian. 

maereo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[^/mis (cf. miser) through adj. 
stem], 2. v. n., be sad, mourn, la- 
ment. 

maestus, -a, -um, [root of maereo 
and miser + tus, p.p.], adj., sad, 
■mournful, sorrowful, anxious. — 
Also, gloomy, stern (cf. tristis) . — 
Also, sorrowful (causing sorrow). 

Maevius, -1 (-11), [?], m., a poet- 
aster, an enemy of Virgil. 

magalia, -ium, [aPhcenicianword], 
n. plur., huts. 

mage (reduced form of magis), 
see magis. 

magicus, -a, -um, [Gr. pay ik6s~\, 
adj., magic. 

magis (-e), [ y/mag (cf. magnus) 
+ ius (syncopated), a comparative 
neut.], adv., more, rather. 



Vocabulary. 



169 



magister, -tri, [magis (for magi- 
us) + ter (for -terus, cf. Gr. 
-repos)], m., a chief, a leader* an 
overseer, a herdsman, a master, 
a keeper, a captain, a steers- 
man, a pilot. — Esp., a master, a 
teacher. 
magistra, -ae, [f. of magister], 
f., a mistress. — Of things, as adj., 
of a master, masterly : ars. 
magistra tus, -us, [fmagistra- (as 
if of magistro, fr. magister) + 
tus], m., office, a magistracy. — 
Concretely, a magistrate. 
magnaniuius, -a, -um, [fmagno- 
animus, declined as adj.], adj., 
great-souled, generous, noble-mind- 
ed. — Of animals, high-spirited, 
spirited. — Poetically, of bees : 
magnaninii duces {spirited lead- 
ers, preserving the figure). 
magnus, -a, -um, [y'mag (cf. 
macte and Gr. fieyds) + nus (cf. 
plenus)], comp. maior [^/mag 
-f ior], superl. maximus [ A /mag 
-ftimus, cf;finitimus], adj., (in- 
creased), great (in almost all Eng. 
senses), large, spacious, vast, huge, 
mighty, high, lofty. — Less exact 
and fig. uses, of degree and the 
like, great, loud, 'powerful, mighty, 
fea?ful, rich, immense, intense, 
ardent, distinguished, serious, im- 
portant, portentous, long, power- 
ful, weighty, dire. — magno, at a 
great price. — magnum, as adv., 
greatly, loudly : magnum fluens 
Nilu s ( m igh ty river) . — maior, 
older, more ancient, ancestors (pi.). 
— maiora, n.plur.as subst., nobler 
deeds, more important matters, 
worse sufferings. — maximus, 
oldest, eldest. — Masc., 3Jaximus, 
a name of several Roman families, 
esp. Q. Fabius Maximus, a hero 
of the second Punic war. 
Magus, -1, [?], m., a Rutulian. 
Maia, -ae, [Gr. Mala], f . : 1. The 
mother of Mercury, ^daughter of 
Atlas ; 2. The same person as one 
of the Pleiades. 
maiestas, -atis, [fmaius (see mag- 



nus) + tas], 
grandeur. 



f., dignity, honor, 



maior, rnaiores; see magnus. 

mala, -ae, [? for maxilla, cf. ala], 

f., the cheek-bone, the jaw. — Less 
exactly, the cheek. 
male [abl. of malus], adv., badly, 
ill, not very, not well,-7iot much : 
male temper at (little spares) ; 
male defendet (insufficiently^) ; 
male erratur (it is not very safe to 
wander) ; male fidus (untrust- 
worthy); male sanus (distract- 
ed) ; male pinguis (too solid). . 
3Ialea (-ea), -ae, [Gr. McAea 
(-Asia)], f*j a dangerous headland 
at the south-eastern extremity of 
Peloponnesus. 
malesuadus, -a, -um, [male-sua- 
.dus (cf. suadeo)], adj., tempting 
to ill. 
malifer, -era, -erum, -[fmalo-fer 
( ^/fer + us)], adj., apple-bearing. 
malignus, -a, -um, [fmalo-fge- 
nus], adj., spiteful, ill-disposed, 
malicious, envious. — Fig. (from 
idea of grudging?) : colles (stub- 
born, of soil); aditus (narrow)-, 
lux (scanty). . 
malo, malui, no sup., malle, 
[mage-volo], irr. v. a., wish more, 
choose rather, choose, prefer, wottld 
rather, wish rather. 
malum, -1, [Gr. yuf/Aoj/], n., an 

■ apple ; — a quince, a citron. 
malus, -a, -um, [?, akin to /ieAas], 
comp.' peior [?],^ superl. pessi- 
mus [cf. pessum], adj., bad, evil. 
— Of moral qualities, evil, wicked, 
vicious, bad, spiteful : lingua (re- 
ferring to enchantment) ; falx 
(transferred from the owner). — 
Of things, bad, injurious, trouble- 
some, pernicious, fatal, noxious, 
poisonous. — Masc., a tvicked per- 
son. — Plur., the wicked. — Neut., 
an evil, a disaster, a misfortune, 
mischief, a pest, a plague, a poison, 
ve?iom, adversity, misery, hard- 
ship, disaster. 
I. malus, -1, [prob. same word as 
malum], m., a mast. 



I/O 



Vocabulary. 



2. mains, -I, [cf. I. mains] 9 f., an 

apple-tree. 

mamma, -ae, [?], f., the breast, a 
' breast, the dugs (of an animal). 

mandatus, -a, -um,p.p.of mando. 

mando, -avi,-atum, -are, [fmanu- 
and do, but through adj. stem, 
fmando-?], I. v. a., entrust, com- 
mand, order, enjoin. — Less ex- 
actly, consign, commit : foliis car- 
mina ; hordea sulcis ; terrae 
corpora; humo solita (inter). — 
mandatum, -I, p.p. neat., a com- 
mand, an. injunction^ an order, 
an instruction. 

mando, mandl, mansum, man- 
dere, [?], 3. v. a., chew, champ : 
pecus (devour)-, humum ("bite 
the dust"). 

mane [prob. loc. of fniani ( x / ma 
+ ni, cf . maturus, Matuta) ] , 
adv., in the morning, early. — As 
subst., the morning, the dawn. 

maneo, mansi, mansum, ma- 
nere, [-y/man (cf. Gr. yuevcc), 
through adj. stem ?, perh. akin to 
memini, mens], 2. v. a. and n., 
remain, continue, linger, await, 
abide, remain unchanged. — Also, 
abide by, stand by. — Act., await, 
wait for. 

manes, -ium, [?, cf. obs. manus, 
good\ m. plur., the gods belovj (spir- 
its of the departed), the blessed 
dead. — Hence, the lower world, 
the regions belozu. — Also, the spir- 
its of the departed, a ghost, a shade, 
a spirit. — Esp. : quisque suos 
patimur manes, destiny in the 
world belozu (considered as a state 
of each departed spirit). 

maniea, -ae, [fmanu- (weakened) 
-f ca (f. of cus)], f., a sleeve (com- 
ing down to the hands). — Plur., 
manacles, chains. 

manifesto [abl. of manifestus], 
adv., clearly, manifestly, obviously, 
plainly. 

manifestus, -a, -um, [fmanu- 
(weakened) -festus (p.p. of fen- 
do)], adj., (struck or seized with 
the. hand, hence caught in the act, 



of crime, as opposed to circumstan- 
tial evidence). — Fig., clear, plain, 
evident, obvious, made plain, clear- 
ly visible. 

maniplus (-pulus), -1, [fmanu- 
( weakened) -plus (akin to pleo)], 
m., a handful. — Esp., a handful 
of straw. — Hence, a company 
(with a handful of straw lor a 
standard), a troop, a band. 

Manlius, -I (-ii), [?], m., a Roman 
gentile name. — Esp., M. Manlius 
Capitolinus, who saved the Capi- 
tol from the Gauls. 

mano, -avi, -atum, -are,. [ ?, but 
cf. madeo], 1. v. n., flozv, run, 
drip. 

mansuesco,-suevi, -suetum,-su- 
escere, [fmanu- (reduced) su- 
esco, become wonted to the hand\ 
3. v. n., become tame. — Less ex- 
actly, be subdued (by cultivation), 
be improved. — Fig., soften, become 
gentle, become mild. 

mantele (-ile), -is, [fmanto- (or 
other form in t, akin to manus) 
+ lis, n. of adj.], n., a towel, a 
napkin. 

Manto, -us, [Gr. Mai>Ta>], f., an 
Italian nymph, supposed to have 
founded Mantua. 

Mantua, -ae, [?], f., a city of 
Gallia Transpadana, near Virgil's 
birthplace. 

manus, -us, [?], f., a hand. — Also 
fig. in many senses, as in English, 
might, force, violence, force of 
arms, deeds of might, valor, bear- 
ing in arms. — art, skill, effort, 
labor. — Corresponding to English 
arms : inter manus (in one's 
grasp) ; effugit imago (grasp) ; 
pacem orare manu (call for peace 
with uplifted hands). — Also (cf. 
maniplus), a. band, a company, 
a troop. — Phrases : manus com- 
mitter e Teucris, join battle &c. ; 
manus ferre, enter on a work, 
also, raise the hands (in boxing) ; 
conferre manum (manus^, join 
battle ; impono extremam ma- 
num, the last hand, the finishing- 



Vocabulary. 



171 



touch ; manus dare, surrender ; 
in manibus, in one's possession, 
in one's power, at hand; inter 
manus, in one's grasp ; medica 
manus, the healing hand (skill) ; 
larga manus, a generous hand 
(generosity) ; manus artincum, 
handiivork. 

mapalia, -ium, [said to be Phoeni- 
cian], n. plur., huts, cottages. t 

3Iarcellus, -i, [fmarculo- (fmar- 
C0-, hammer, 4- lus) + lus, second 
dim. of Marcus], m., a family name 
in the Claudian gens. — Esp., AT. 
Claudi Us Mar cellus,who conquered 
the Gauls, Germans, and Insubri- 
ans, slew Viridomarus, the German 
king, with his own -hand, gaining 
the technical spolia opima, and 
took Milan. He afterwards was 
successful against Hannibal, and 
captured Syracuse. — Also, Af. Afar- 
cellus, the nephew of Augustus, 
who died young. 

mare, -is, [?], n., a sea, the sea, the 
waves. 

Mareotis, -idis, [Gr. adj. from Ma- 
peia], f. adj., of Mareotis (or Ma- 
red), (a lake ' and city of Egypt 
famous for excellent wine), Mare- 
otic. 

Marlca, -ae, [?], f., an Italian 
nymph, wife of Faunus, and mother 
of King Latinus. 

marinus, -a, -um, [fmari- (length- 
ened) + nus], adj., of the sea, sea-, 
marine, of the deep : casus ; canes. 

marltus, -1, [stem akin to mas + 
tus], m.,(prob. masculine), a mar- 
ried man, a husband, a bridegroom, 
a lord (of women in slavery). — 
Less exactly, a Suitor. — Of ani- 
mals, a mate, a he-goat, a stallion : 
pecori {lord, of the male of a 
flock). 

Marius, -1 (-ii), [prob. f mas + ius], 
m., the name of a humble Roman 
family. — Esp., C. Marius, the 
conqueror of the Cimbri and Ju- 
gurtha, and opponent of Sulla in 
the civil war. — Plur., Marii, men 
of Marius' stamp. 



marmor, -oris, [unc. root redupl.], 

n., ?narble. — Fig., the sea. 
marmoreus, -a, -um, [tmarmor 

-f eus], adj., of marble. — Fig., 
smooth, marble (of the sea, also of 
a man's neck). 

3Iarpesius (-essius), -a, -um, 
[Gr. Mapirrio-aios], adj., of Mar- 
pesus (a mountain of Paros), Mar- 
pesian. — Less exactly, Parian. 

3Iarruvius (-bius), -a, -um, [?], 
adj., of Marruvium (a city of La- 
tium, capital of the Marcian terri- 
tory), Marrzivian. — Neut, Alar- 
ruvium (the city itself). 

3Iars, 3Iartis, [prob. contracted fr. 
3Iavors], m., the Latin god of 
war. — Fig., war, battle, conflict, 
warfare. — Phrases: adversoMar- 
te, defeat, unsuccessful conflict; 
secundo Marte, success, prosper- 
ous issue; aequo Marte, unde- 
decidedco7nbat; praesenti Marte, 

, with threats of immediate war. 

3Iarsus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the 
Marsi (a Sabellian mountain race 
of Italy, famed for magic rites), 
Marsian. — Plur., the Marsi (the 
nation itself). 

3Iartius, -a, -um, [fMart+ ius], 
adj., of Mars, of war, martial, 
warlike : lupus (sacred to Mars), 

mas, maris, [?], m., a male. 

masculus, -a, -um, [fmas+ cuius], 
adj., male: tura {coarse, large 
grains of). 

massa, -ae, [ v^ag + ya, cf . Gr. 
fidCd], f., a mass (orig. of dough), 
a lump. 

3Iassicus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
Mt. Massicus (a mountain on the 
borders of Latium and Campania, 
famous for its wine), Massic. — 
Masc. (with or without mons), 
the mountain itself. — Neut. plur., 
the Massic land, the soil of Mt. 
Massicus. — Also, Massicus, name 
of a king of Clusium. 

3Iassylus, -a, -um, [Gr. Maaav- 
Aios], adj., of the Massy Hi (a na- 
tion of northern Africa), A f assy- 
lian. — Masc. pi., the nation itself. 



172 



Vocabulary. 



mater, -tris, [?, ^ma + ter (cf. 
pater)], f., a mother, a matron. 

— Less exactly, as an appellative 
of gods and as a term of respect, 
mother, venerable da?ne, lady.* — 
Also, a dam, a breeding animal.- 

— Of plants, the parent, the mother. 

— Also of a country as the parent 
of her children. 

materies, -ei, [fniater- (unsynco- 
pated) + ies], f., stuff, material. 

— Esp., timber. 

maternus, -a, -um, [f mater- (un- 
syncopated) + nus], adj., of a 
. (one's) mother, maternal. 

matrona, -ae, [fmatro- (akin to 
mater, cf. aegrotus) + na, cf. 
patronus], f., a matron, a dame, 
a woman (married). 

maturo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fma- 
turo], I. v. a., hasten. — Esp., 
hasten to prepare. 

maturus, -a, -um, [fmatu- (akin 
to mane, cf. Matuta) + rus], 
adj., early. — Also, by some un- 
• Certain connection, ripe, mature, 
full-grown. — Transferred : soles 
(at their height). 

matutlnus, -a, -um, [fMatuta- 
(reduced, or stem akin) + inns], 
adj., early, morning: Aeneas 
{early in the morning). 

Maurusius, -a, -um, [Gr. Mavpov- 
aios~\, adj., of the Mauri (a race 
of northern Africa), Moorish. — 
Less exactly, African, of Africa. 

Mavors, -ortis, [?, cf. Mars], m., 
Mars. — Also, war, conflict, fight- 
ing, deeds of arms. 

Mavortius, -a, -um, [fMavort + 
ins], adj., of Mars, martial, of 
war, warlike, son of Mars, sacred 
to Mars. 

maximus, see magnus. 

me, see ego. 

meatus, -us, [fmea- (of meo) + 
tns], m., a movement, a revolu- 
tion : caeli {courses of the heav- 
enly bodies). 

medeor, -eri, (only pres. stem), 
[fmedo- ( Vniecl + ns, cf . medi- 
cus, remedium)], 2. v. dep., treat 



(medically), heal, cure : medendi 
usns {the healing art) ; medendo 
aegrescere (by treatment) . 

Media, -ae, [fMedd- (reduced) + 
ius, prop adj.], f., a country of 
Asia south of the Caspian, used 
loosely for the whole region there- 
about. 

medicatus, -a, -um, p.p. of medi- 
co. 

medicina, -ae,[fmedic6- (reduced) 
-f ina, prop. adj. (sc. ars?)], f., 
medicine, the art of healing. — 
Also, j'emedy, cure. 

medico, -avi, -atum, -are,[fmedi- 
C0-], I. v. a., ?nedicate, give (me- 
dicinal) virtue to, prepare with 
drugs, steep (of seeds). — Pass, as 
dep., treat, cure, heal. — medi- 
catus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., pre- 
pared (with drugs), scented, medi- 
cated. 

Medicus, -a, -um, [Gr. MrjdiKos'], 
adj., Median. — Fern., (sc. herba, 
cf. ]n7)^iK7j), clover, lucerne (intro- 
duced into Greece by the Persians) . 

medicus, -a, -um, [fmedo- (cf. 
medeor, remedium) + ens], 
adj., healing: nanus. 

medit&tus, -a, -um, p.p. of medi- 
tor. 

meditor, -tatus, -tari, [fmedito- 
(p.p. of medeor?)], 1. v. dep., 
practise, experiment, play (on an 
instrument) . — Also, contrive, in- 
vent, intend, purpose, think of, 
premeditate. 

medius, -a, -um, [same root as 
modus + ins, cf. Gr. yaeVos], adj., 
middle, the middle of, the midst of. 
central, between, mid, midway be- 
tween, in the centre, in the midst, 
in the middle, the thickest of, the 
depth of, the height of, the extreme 
of, in the thickest of, in the centre, 
just between, right among : est via 
media nobis (we are half way 
there)', vallum (the inside of)-, 
medio de cortice (from the smooth 
bark, opposed to regular knots) ; 
medio in conspectn (right in 
one's sight) ; medios cursus tor- 



Vocabulary. 



173 



quet nox (midway in her course) ; 
medium mare {depths of the sea) ; 
medius dies (the South) ; medium 
S3 cfiert (a mediator) ; in medio 
ictu (just at the stroke) ; medium 
per femur (straight through). — 
Neut., as subst. : in medio, in the 
middle ; in -medium, for the com- 
i?ion advantage. 

Medon, -ontis, [Gr. Me'Scw], m., a 
Trojan warrior or ally of the Trojans. 

medulla, -ae, [akin to medius, cf. 
Gr. diminutives in -v\Kov\, f, the 
marrow of the bones, the marrow, 
the inmost frame. 

Medus, -a, -um, [Gr. Mf;5os], adj., 
Median, of the Aledes. — Less ex- 
actly, Persian. — Masc. plur., the 
Medes, the Persians. 

Megaera, -ae, [Gr. yiiyaipa], f., 
one of the Furies. 

Megarus, -a, -um, [Gr. Mtyapos, 
or kindred form], adj., of Mega r a 
(a city of Sicily, also Called Hybla), 
Megarian. 

mel, mellis, [cf. Gr. /j.<e\i, English 
mead~\, n., honey : pabula nielli 
(for making honey) . 

Mela, see Mella. 

Melampus, -odis, [Gr. MeAdfj.Trovs'], 
m., a famous physician and seer, 
who was fabled to understand the 
songs of birds. 

Meliboeus, -I, [Gr. Me\i/3oios~], m., 
a shepherd. 

Meliboeus, -a, -um, [Gr. MeAi- 
Qoios^, adj., oi Ale lib 02 a (a town of 
Thessaly, whence came Philocte- 
tes), Me lib van. — Fem., Ale li bee a 
(the town itself). 

Melieerta (-es), -ae, [Gr. MeA*- 
itcpnjs], m., the son of Ino and 
Athamas. Being drowned with 
his mother, he was changed into a 
sea-god. 

melior, see bonus. 

melisphyllum, -1, [Gr. p.tAicrcr6- 
<pv\\ov~\, n., balm (?), mint (?), 
an aromatic herb, a favorite flower 
for bees. Lat. apiastrum. 

Melite, -es, [Gr. MeAir^], f., a sea- 
nymph. 



Mella (Mela), -ae, [?], m., a river 
of Cisalpine Gaul flowing through 
Brescia. 

membrum, -1, [?], n., a limb, a 
member, the frame, the body, the 
form, the person. 

meminl, -isse, (only perf. stem in 
sense of present), [ymen, cf. 
mens,reminiscor], v. a., remem- 
ber, recollect, recall, call to mind: 
quorum poetae (mention). — Less 
exactly, think of, care for. — With 
inf., remember to, not forget, tqke 
care to. — With negatives, forget, 
neglect. 

Memmius, -1 (-11), [?], m., a Ro- 
man gentile name. 

Memnon, -onis, [Gr. Me/ziW], m., 
son of Aurora and king of the 
.Ethiopians. His arms were fabled 
to have been made by Vulcan at 
the request of Aurora. 

memor, -oris, [prob. ^/smar (re- 
duplicated) as stem], adj., remem- 
bering, mindful, with a good mem- 
ory, thoughtful, careful, provident, 
caring for ; memor esto (remem- 
ber) ; ira (unrelenting, that can- 
not forget) ; aevum(///2 forgetful) ; 
dum memor ipse mei (so long as 
1 retain a remembrance of my- 
self) ; ipsae redeunt in tecta 
(without fail) ; memores referte 
(carefully) ; apud memores stat 
gratia (mefnory remains in grate- 
ful hearts) . — With negatives, heed- 
less, unmindful, careless, without 
thought of. 

memorabilis, -e, [fmemora (of 
raemoro) + bills], adj., memor- 
able, glorious. 

memoratus, -a, -um, p.p. of me- 
moro^ 

memoro, -avi, -atum, -are, [f me- 
mor- (as if memoro-)], .1. v. a., 
call to mind, tell, say, narrate, 
relate, speak of tell of, mention, 
call. — memorandus, -a, -um, 
ger. p. as adj., memorable, famous, 
deserving of mention. — memo- 
ratus, -a, rum, p.p, as adj., rem 
nowned, much talked of 



174 



Vocabulary. 



Menalcas, -ae, [?], m., a shepherd. 

mendax, -acis, [stem akin to men- 
da, mendum + ax (cf. audax), 
cf. also mentior, which has how- 
ever a different stem formation], 
adj., false, lying, untruthful, de- 
ceitful. 

Menelaus, -I, [Gr. MeveAaos], m., 
the husband of Helen of Greece, 
and brother of Agamemnon. 

Menestheus (Mnes-), -el (-eos), 
[Gr. Me*>€c0eus], m., a Trojan, 
companion of iEneas. 

Menoetes, -ae, [Gr. MevoirTjs'], m., 
a Trojan, companion of /Eneas. 

mens, mentis, [^/men (cf. me- 
mini) -f tis (reduced)], f., the 
mind (cf. animus, the soul and 
intellect together), the intellect, 
the intelligence, the memory, the 
senses, sense, reflection (as an act, 
perh. the orig. meaning), thought. 
— Less exactly, att idea, a mi?td, 
a purpose, a resolution. — Often 
not differing from animus, heart, 
soul, feelings, desire. 

mensa, -ae, [fern, of p.p. of metior, 
sc. tabula?], f., a table. — Less 
exactly, food, banquet, feast. 

mensis, -is, [akin to Gr. /a-qu, Eng. 
moon, montIi\, m., a month .*. caeli 
{the phases of the moon). 

menstruus, -a, -um, [fmensi- (of 

■ unc. termination)], adj., monthly. 

mentior, -Itus, -Iri, [prob. f menti- 
(through idea of imagination)], 
4. v. a. and n., lie, pretend falsely : 
lanacolores (assume false colors) ; 
mentita tela (counterfeit, lying). 

mentltus,-a,-um, p.p. of mentior. 

mentum, -1, [ ^/men, in mineo + 
turn (n. of tus)], n., the chin. 

mephitis, -is, [?], i.,foul air, an 
exhalation. 

mercatus, -a, -um, p.p. of mercor. 

merces, -edis, [fmerce- (as if of 
fmerceo, cf. merx, mercena- 
rius) + dus (reduced)], f., pay, 
wages, hire, reward. — With change 
of point of view, cost, price, loss. 

mercor, -atus, -arl, [fmerc-], 
I. v. dep., buy, purchase, pay a 



price for: magno mercentur 
Atridae (pay a great price for). 

Mercurius, -I (-11), [stem in -ro or 
-ri from fmerc- (reduced) + ius], 
m., Mercury, the god of gain 
among the Romans. On account 
of some similar attributes he was 
identified with the Greek Hermes, 
and as such regarded as the son 
of Jupiter and Maia^ grandson of 
Atlas, messenger of the gods, and 
conductor of souls to the infernal 
world, in which -last capacity he. 
carried the rod twined with ser- 
pents, or caduceus, identical with 
the herald's staff. 

mereo, -ui, -itum,-ere, [?], 2. v. a., 
earn, win, gain, deserve, deserve 
well '(or ill), merit. — Pass, as dep., 
same sense. — meritus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., act., well-deserving, 
useful, faithful, — but also, ill- 
deserving, offending. — Pass., de- 
served, well won, due, as one de- 
serves, just. — Neut., a service, a 
merit, desert, a favor. 

merges, -itis, [?], f., a sheaf 

mergo, mersi,mersum,mergere, 
[Vmerg, cf. mergus], 3. v. a., 
plunge, drown, overwhelm, swallow 
up. — Also fig. : me malis. 

mergus, -1, [ ^/merg + us], m., a 
sea-bird, gull( ?) , cormorant^ ?) . 

merito [abl. of meritus], adv., 
deservedly, as one deserves, justly, 
rightly. 

meritus, -a, -um, p.p. of mereo 
and mereor. 

Meropes, -ae, [Gr. Me/xfonj], m. ; a 
Trojan. 

merops, -opis, [Gr. fiipo^], f., "a 
bee- eater," some kind of bird that 
attacks bees. 

merso, -avi, -atum, -are, [fmer- 
so-], I. v. a., plunge, drown, over- 
whelm, wash, dip. 

mersus, -a, -um, p.p. of mergo. 

merus, -a, -um, [?], adj., pure, 
unmixed, unadulterated. — Neut. 
(sc. vinum), unmixed wine, pure 
wine. 

merx, mercis, [perh. root of mereo 



Vocabulary. 



175 



4- cus (reduced)], f., merckatidise, 
wares. 

Messapus, -I, [a foreign word, 
fmesso- (akin to medius) -apus 
(apia akin to aqua)], m., a king 
of Messapia (the country forming 
the heel of the boot of Italy,, be- 
tween the Adriatic and the Gulf of 
Otranto). 

messis, -is, [-y/met (in meto) + 
tis], f., a harvest. — Less exactly, 
a crop, standing grain, a gather- 
ing {oioWizx products). — Of time, 
harvest, harvest-time. 

messor, -oris, [^/met (in meto) 
-{-tor], m., a reaper, a harvester. 

messus, -a, -urn, p.p. of meto. 

met [pron. ■ v / ma > c ^- me ]> insep. 
intens. particle used with pronouns, 
self, own. 

meta, -ae, [akin to metior], f., a 
goal, a limit, a boundary : media 
( m iddle point) . 

Metabus, -I, [?], m., a Volscian, 
father of Camilla. 

metallum, rl, [Gr. ^raK\ov\ n., 
a mine. — Less exactly, metal, ore. 

Methymnaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. M77- 
djfj.voLOs'], adj., of Methymna (a 
city of Lesbos famous for its wine), 
Methym n ia n . 

metior, mensus, metiri, [akin to 
modus through noun-stem], 4. v. 
dep., measure : Hesperiam iacens 
(of a warrior slain) . — Less exact- 
ly, traverse, pass over. 

Metiscus, -I, [?], m., the charioteer 
of Turn us. 

3ietius, see Mettus. 

meto, messui, messum, metere, 
[^/met, prob. akin to Gr. afxda, 
Lng. mow~\, 3. v. a., mozv, reap, 
cut. — Less. exactly, gather, sip (of 
bees). — Fig., of slaughter, mozv 
down. 

metor, -atus, -ari, [fmeta-], 
I. v. dep., measure, lay out, survey. 

Mettus (-tius), -1, [?], m., an Al- 
ban " name. — Esp., Mettus Fuffe- 
lius, an Alban dictator who on 
account of treachery was drawn 
asunder by horses. 



metuo, metui, metutum, metu- 

ere, [fmetu-], 3. v. a. and n., 
fear, dread, be alarmed, be afraid 
of; — be in fear, be concerned for. 
— metuens, -entis, p. as adj., 
fearful, dreading, apprehensive, 
concerned for. 

metus, -us, [?], m., fear, dread, 
alarm, terror, consternation ; — 
awe, reverence. — Personified, Fear. 

meus, -a, -um, [pron. -^/ma + ius], 
poss. adj., my, mine, my own. — 
Masc. sing, and plur., my son 
{friend, follozver, countrytnan, 
subject, kindred, &c.) . — Neut., my 
{fortune, destiny, resources, &c). 

3Iezentius, -1 (-il), [?], m., an 
Etruscan king, famous for his cru- 
elty, whose subjects revolted and 
joined /Eneas. 

mico, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 
I. v. n., quiver, dart, move (rap- 
idly to and fro). — Also, flash, 
sparkle, gleam. 

Micon, -onis, [Gr. Mik&v'], m., a 
shepherd. 

migro, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 
1. v. n., move (in a body), migrate, 
depart. 

miles, -itis, [fmile- (as root, cf. 
mille)+tus or tis (reduced)], 
comm., a soldier. — Collectively, 
soldiery, soldiers, troops. 

3Iilesius, -a, -um, [Gr. MiM}(nas], 
adj., of Miletus (a city of Asia Mi- 
nor famous for its wool), Milesian. 

militia, -ae, [fmilit + ia], f., mil- 
itary service, warfare. 

milium, -I (-ii), [?], n., millet. 

mille, plur. mllia, -ium, [petrified 
formation from ^/mil, cf. miles], 
a thousand (either definitely, or 
indefinitely as a large number). 

Mimas, -antis, [Gr. Mijaas'], m., a 
Trojan. 

minae, -arum, [^/min,cf.mineo], 
f. plur., threats, menaces, threaten- 
ing perils. — Poetically (perh. in 
orig. meaning) : mina.e murorum, 
threatening walls : tollentem mi- 
nas, raising his angry head, of a 
serpent. 



176 



Vocabulary. 



minax, -acis, [fmina- (cf. minor) 
+ cus (reduced)], adj., threaten- 
ing, menacing, i It-boding : arma 
minacis (of his threatening en- 
emy) . 

Mincius, -1 (-11), [?], m., the Min- 
cio, a river of Cisalpine Gaul, near 
Mantua, a branch of the Po. 

Minerva, -ae, [?, perh. akin to 
mens], f., the Roman goddess of 
wisdom, partially identified with 
the Greek Pallas Athene. She 
was reckoned as the daughter of 
Jupiter, the patroness of all arts 
and sciences, especially the house- 
hold arts, and the inventress of the 
olive. — Also (cL Ceres, grain), 
spinning, weaving. 

minime [abl. of minimus], adv., 
least. 

Minio, -onis, [?], m., a river of 
Etruria. 

minister, -tri, [ f minus -f- ter, cf. 
inagister], m., a servant, an at- 
tendant. — Esp., an attendant 
priest. — In apposition (as adj.), 
aiding, abetting: Calchante mi- 
nistro (by the aidof). 

ministerium, -I (-ii), [fministro 
+ ium], n., a service, an office. 

ministra, -ae, [f. of minister], f., 
an attendant (female). 

minis tro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fmi- 
nistro-], I. v. a. and n., attend, 
serve. — Also, serve, supply, afford. 

minitor, -atus, -ari, [f minito- 
(as if p.p. of minor)], 1. v. dep., 
threaten, menace. 

minium, -i (-ii), [?], n., cinnabar, 
red lead. 

Mlnoius, -a, -um, [Gr. Mivwios], 
adj., of Minos. 

minor, -atus, -ari, [fmina- (mi- 
nae)], 1. v. n. and a., threaten, 
menace, tower (threateningly), bode, 
portend, threaten to fall : mortem 
mini (me with death, changing the 
construction). 

minor, see parvus. 

Minos, -ois, [Gr. MtWs], m., a 
king of Crete, made a judge in the 
world below. 



Minotaurus, -i, [Gr. Mwdbravpos], 
m., the Minotaur, a monster, half 
man, half bull, killed by Theseus. 

minus, see parvus. 

minutatim [as if ace. of fminuta- 
(cf. minutus) + tis], adv., piece- 
meal, bit by bit, by degrees, grad- 
ually, 

mlrabilis, -e, [fmira-. (of miror) 
+ bilis], adj., wonderful, marvel- 
lous, admirable. 

miraculum, -i, [fmira- (miror) 
+ culum, as if f miraco- (mira + 
cus) + lum], n., a marvel, a prod- 
igy, a wonder. 

miratus, -a, -vim, p.p. of miror. 

miror, -atus, -ari, [fmiro-], 1. v. a. 
and n., wonder, marvel. — Act., 
marvel at, ivonder at, admire, see 
with surprise, gaze at with admi- 
ration. 

mirus, -a, -um, [^/SMi + rus, cf. 
fie :5 aa>], adj., strange, marvellous, 
wondrous, surprising, extraordi- 
nary. 

misceo, miscui, mixtum (mis- 
tum), miscere, [fmisco (cf. 
promise 11 us), akin to Gr. i*io~yw~], 
2. v. a., mingle, mix, confuse, con- 
found, unite, blend: operi metumj 
maria caelo; vina cum sangui- 
ne ; lilia rosa. — Passive, or with 
reflexive, mingle, unite, be united, 
be joined : se corpore (of the soul 
of the worl d, perm eate, be diffused ). 
— Of any confusion, disturb, co7i- 
found, embroil, trouble : tellurem 
diluvio (overwhelm) ; agmina 
(scatter) ; se maria (are thrown 
into confusion). — Of the effect, 
cause (confusedly), raise: proe- 
lia (raise wild warfare) ; in- 
cendia (spread); inter se vol- 
nera (exchange) ; inania mur- 
mur a (spread confused and mean- 
ingless murmurs)-, acies (form a 
motley line) . — mixtus, -a, -um, 
p.p., ?ningled, often with change 
of point of view, mingled with, 
ivith mingled, &c. : laetitia mix- 
toque metu (with mingled joy 
and fear) ; mixto pulvere fumus 



Vocabulary. 



*77 



{smoke mingled zvith dust) . — Also 
(cf. third division above) : mixtae 
glomerantur (of bees, swarm- 
ing) ; miscentur( jzc/^rw, of bees). 

Misenus, -I, [Gr. Miar)vos~], m. : 
1. The trumpeter of /Eneas; 2. (sc. 
inons), Misenum, the promontory 
north of the Bay of Naples (now 
Jl/iseno) . 

miser, -era, -erum, [fmise as root 
(cf. maereo) + rus (reduced)], 
adj., wretched, pitiable, unfortu- 
nate, ill-fated, unhappy, distressed. 
— As subst, a wretch, unhappy 
man, a wretched being. — Neut., a 
pity, a wretched thing. — In a kind 
of apposition, Oh misery! Oh 
pitiable fate ! 

miserabilis, -e, [f misera- (stem of 
miseror) -f- bilis], adj., miser- 
able, pitiable, unhappy, deplorable, 
wretched, shocking, lamentable. 

miseratus, -a, -um, p.p. of mise- 
ror. 

misereo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [fmise- 
rd-], 2. v. a. and n., feel pity, take 
pity on, have compassion on.- — 
Impersonal (with person as object, 
cf. "it repenteth him"), pity, feel 
compassion, commiserate : te lap- 
sorum {you pity the fallen). — 
Pass., as^dep., in same sense. 

miseresco, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[fmisere- (of misereo) -f sco], 
3. v. n., pity, have compassion on, 
take pity on. 

miseror, -atus, -ari, [fmisero-], 
I. v. dep., pity, have compassion 
on, take pity on. 

missilis, -e, [fmisso + lis], adj., 
missile, flying. — Neut., a missile, 
a weapon (hurled). 

missus, -a, -um, p.p. of mitto. 

missus, -us, [\/mit (mitto) -ftus], 
m., a sending, a command. 

mistus, -a, -um, p.p. of misceo. 

mitesco, no perf., no sup.,-escere, 
[finite- (as if stem of miteo, cf. 
mitis) + sco], 3. v. incept., grow 
m ild, soften, ' be co m e ge n tie . 

mltigo, -avl, -a turn, -are, [fmiti- 
go- (fmiti-agus, cf. prodigus), 



cf. navigo], I. v. a., soften, ap- 
pease. 

mitis, -e, [?], adj., mellow (of fruit 
or wine), soft, ripe. — Also, gentle, 
calm, still. 

mitra, -ae, [Gr. /j.trpa],{., a cap (of 
the Phrygian form, with lappets 
tied under the chin). 

mitto, misi, niissum, mittere, 
[?], 3. v. a., let go (cf. omitto), 
dismiss, suffer to go, omit, send (in 
any direction), despatch, consign, 
send forth, throw, shoot, let in, ad- 
mit : funera Teucris {spread 
among)-, se in foedera (submit 
to) ; sub leges orbem (subject 
to) ; signa Bootes {give, afford) ; 
se {throw one's self, descend) ; 
fulgura {emit) ; alnus missa 
Pado {sent dozan); sub amnem 
{admit within) ; animas in pc- 
ricula (^risk) ; sub pericula {ex- 
pose to) ; certamen {dismiss.) — 
Esp. of funeral offerings : sollem- 
nia, offer ; qucs umbris inferias, 
sacrifice. 

mixtus, -a, -um, p.p. of misceo. 

Mnasylus, -i, [Greek], m., a young 
satyr. 

Mnestheus, see Menestueuo. 

mobilis, -e, [fmovi- (in moveo, 
cf. mot us) + bilis], adj., free to 
move. — Fig., changeable, varying, 
flexible, pliable. 

mobilitas, -tatis, [fmobili + tas], 
f., freedom of motion, swiftness, 
rapidity of 7notion. 

modo [abl. of modus], adv., {in a 
measure or minute portion, of time 
or degree), just now, lately, a lit- 
tle while ago. — Of degree, only, 
merely : modo non {all but, al- 
most). — Esp., with hortatory subj. 
or similar construction, only, pro- 
vided, so long as. — So also with 
dum, tantum, in same sense. 

modulor, -atus, -ari, [fmodulo- 
(dim. of modus)], I. v. dep., set 
to measure, sing, play. 

modus, -i, [perh. akin to metior, 
^mod (cf. modius) + us], m., a 
measure, a note (measured inter- 



i 7 8 



Vocabulary. 



val), a strain, a song (in plur.), a 
limit, a bound, an end. — Hence 
also, prescribed method, manner, 
way, mode, fashion, form, habit, 
law (of nature). 

moenia, -um (-orum), [stemmoe- 
ni- (muni-), akin to munus, cf. 
communis, orig. assigned, parts 
or tasks, cf. the mode of building 
country roads], n., only pi., walls, 
fortifications. — Less exactly, a city, 
a citadel. 

moereo, see maereo, the proper 
spelling. 

Moeris, -is, [?], m., a farm-Servant. 

moerus, see mums. 

mola, -ae, [^/mol + a, cf. molo], 
f., meal (coarse-ground, used in 
sacrifices). 

molaris, -is, [fmola + ris], m., 
(adj., of meal, sc. lapis), a mill- 
stone. — Less exactly, a rock (huge 
as a mill-stone). 

moles, -is, [?, two stems in -us and 
-i], f., a mass, bulk, a heap, a 
weight, a mass of rocks (or other 
material), size, weight, a massive 
structure, a massive pile, a huge 
frame, a burden, massy waves, 
mass (array of men). — Esp., a 
wall, a dyke, a mole. — Fig., trouble, 
labor, toil. 

molior, -Itus, -III, [fmoli- (cf. 
moles)], 4. v. dep.,//7* up, heap, 
build(\\it\i toil or difficulty) ,fram e, 
construct: fugam (undertake)-, 
terram molitus (turning the 
massive earth) ; bipennem(tc/zW<aQ ; 
insidias (plot, contrive) ; moram 
(cause) ; talia (undertake) ; la- 
hor&m(engagein) ; viam (force) ; 
iter (pursue) ; locum (fortify?) ; 
habenas (handle) ; morbos (send). 

molitus, -a, -um, p.p. of molior. 

mollio, -ivi, -Itum, -ire, [fmolli-], 
4. v. a., soften. — Less exactly, im- 
prove, domesticate, mellow (of fruits 
by cultivation). — Fig., soothe, 
calm, appease. 

mollis, -e, [?,. perh. for marduis 
(cf. tenuis), y'mar (cf. molo) 
+ du (cf. lacrima)], adj., soft, 



tender, mellow, delicate, pliant, 
flexible : aurum. (ductile) ; pecus 
(tender, young) . — Fig., gentle, easy, 
mild : haud mollia iussa (by no 
means easy, cf. immitis) ; flam- 
ma (pleasing, of love) ; Sabaei 
(effeminate) ; umbra (pleasant);, 
collum (submissive, tractable) ; 
vina (mellow) ; haud mollia fa- 
tu (no easy things to say) ; pilen- 
. ta (easy). 

molliter [fmolli + ter, (prob. -te- 
rum, reduced)], adv., softly, ge fit- 
ly : excudent alii spirantia 
mollius a era (gracefully, softly - 
flowing, of the lines in art). 

mollitus, -a, -um,. p.p. of mollio. 

3Iolorchus, -1, [Gr. Mo\opxos~\, 
m., the entertainer of Hercules 
when he killed the Xemean lion : 
luci Molorchi (of the haunt of 
the lion). 

Molossus, -a, -um, [Gr. MoXocraos'], 
adj., of the Jllolossi (a nation of 
Crete), Jlfolossian. — Masc. (sc. 
can is), a Molossian dog, a mastiff. 

moneo, monul, monitum, mo- 
nere, [^/man (cf. memini), 
prob. an old causative], 2. v. a., 
remind, advise, warn, admonish, 
teach, show, suggest, advise, direct : 
menstrua luna (forebode). 

monile, -is, [unc. stem-f-ilis], n., 
a necklace. — Less exactly, a col- 
lar. 

monimentum,seemonumentum. 

monitum, -1, [n. p.p. of moneo], 
n., a warning, advice, a command, 
a precept, an admonition, a proph- 
ecy (divine suggestion). 

monitus, -us, [fmoni- (weaker 
stem of moneo) + tus], m., a 
suggestion, a warning, advice, 
counsel, a command, a mandate. 

monitus, -a, -um, p.p. of moneo. 

Monoeeus, -1, [Gr. MoVcu/cos], m., 
a name of Iiercules. — Also: arx 
Monoeci, a town in Liguria (now 
called Monaco), so called from a 
legend of Hercules. 

mons, montis, [^/man (cf. mi- 
neo) + tis (reduced)], m., a 



Vocabulary. 



179 



mountain, a hill. — -Used poeti- 
cally for other things, as in Eng. 

monstrator, -oris, [fmonstra- 
(stem of monstro) + tor,] m., 
pointer-out : aratri {discoverer, 
inventor) . 

monstratus, -a, -um, p.p. of mon- 
stro. 

monstro* -avl, -atum, -are, 
[fmonstro-], .1. v. a., point out, 
show. — Less exactly, appoint, di- 
rect, impel, teach, command. 

monstrum, -1, [fmon (as root) + 
trum (the s is of doubtful origin, 
cf. lustrum)], n., a prodigy (as 
an indication from the gods), a 
marvel, a wonder, a portent, a por- 
tentous sight. — Less exactly, a 
hideous creature, a monster, a pest, 
a fiend, vermin. — Also, plur., 
spells (dreadful magic arts). — 
Poetically, of the sea. 

montanus, -a, -um, [fmont- (re- 
duced stem of mons) + anus], 
adj., of the mountain, mountain-. 

montosus, -a, -um, [fmont- (re- 
duced stem of mons) + osus], 
adj., mountainous. — Less exactly, 
on a mountain, high-perched. 

monumentum (moni-), -1, [fmo- 
ni- (weaker stem of moneo) + 
mentum], n., a memorial, a sou-. 
venii', a monument, a record, a 
relic, a reminder. 

Mopsus, -1, [Gr. Mctyos], m., a 
shepherd. 

mora, -ae, [prob. akin to memor, 
^/SMAR + a, hesitation ?] , f ., delay, 
hesitation, reluctance, objection, 
loitering, stay, pause, respite. — 
Concretely, a hindrance, 'an ob- 
stacle, a defence : pretium morae 
{worth the time) ; castigant mo- 
ras {punish the laggards). — 
Phrases (cf. derivation) : rumpe- 
re moras, break off delay ; prae- 
cipitare moras, speed without 
delay ; trahere moras, prolong 
delay. 

moratus, -a, -um, p.p. of moror. 

morbus, -1, [y'mor (cf. morior) 
-f bus (cf. superbus, turba)], 



m., sickness, illness, a disease, a 
malady, a disorder : caeli {an 
epidemic). — Personified, plur., 
Diseases. 
mordeo, momordi, morsum, 
mordere, [fmordd- (cf. mor- 
dosus, mordicus)], 2. v. a., bite. 

— Fig., clasp (of a buckle). 
moribundus, -a, -um, [asiffmori- 

( of morior )+bundus, prob. fnio- 
ribon + dus, cf. rubicundus], 
adj., dying. — Less exactly, doomed 
to die, mortal. 

Morini, -orum, [a Celtic word, 
akin to mare], m. plur., a people 
of Gaul, in the extreme west. 

morior, mortuus (moriturus), 
morl (morirl), [-^mor, cf. 
mors], 3,"v. dep., die, be slain, 
fall (in battle), perish. — Less ex- 
actly, wither, die {6i plants) . — 
moriens, -entis, p. as adj., dying, 
failing. — Masc. as subst., a dying 
man, the dying. 

moror, -atus, -ari, [fmora-], 1. v. 
dep., delay, linger, loiter, lag, be 
detained, be delayed, pattse, wait, 
be hindered, be held back, stay, 
cling to. — Act., stay, retard, hold 
back, delay, put off. — Also, pro- 
long. — With ' negatives, care for, 
prize, desire, care. 

mors, mortis, [ Vmor + tis (re- 
duced), cf. morior], f., death: 
mortis honos {honors due to death, 
burial). — Plur., kinds of death. 

— Less exactly, annihilation, 
death (as destruction of matter) . — 
Personified, Death (as an object of 
worship). 

morsus, -us, [mord- (reduced stem 
of mordeo as root) + tus] , m., 
a bite. — Often rendered in Eng. 
by jaws, teeth, fangs, fluke (of an 
anchor). — Less exactly, clasp, 
hold (of wood). 

mortalis, -e, [fmort- (shorter stem 
of mors)+alis], adj., mortal; 
liable to death, human, of man, of 
a mortal man, of mortals. — Masc, 
a mortal. — Neut. plur.. mortal 
affairs, affairs of men. 



i8o 



Vocabulary. 



mortifer, -era, -erum, [fmorti- 

ffer (^fer + us)], adj., deadly, 
fatal. 

mortuus, -a, -um, [ ^/mor+tuus], 
p.p. of ixiorior. 

morns, -I, [Gr. p.6pov\ f., a mul- 
berry. 

mos, moris, [?], m., a manner, a 
habit, a custom, a usage, a fashion, 
a form, a rite, an institution : 
caeli {the weather) ; supra mo- 
rem. — Plur., character, habits. — 
Also, a law, a precept, a rule, re- 
straint, limit : sine more {without 
restraint, wildly) . 

moto, -avl, -atuni, -are, [fmoto-], 
I. v. a., agitate, move, shake, wave. 

motus, p.p. of moveo. 

motus, -us, [fmovi- (weaker stem 
of moveo) +tus], m., ?notion, a 
move?ne77t, an impulse, a shock, 
commotion : pedum {activity). — 
Esp. (for motus terrae), earth- 
quake. — Fig., commotion, disturb- 
ance, tumult. — Esp. (for motus 
animi), emotion. 

moveo, movi, motum, movere, 
[?], 2. v. a. and n., set in motion, 
move, agitate, shake, stir, brandish, 

■ disturb, break tip, plough (of the 
earth). — Esp.: castra, break 
camp, march; signa, advance; 
pubem portis, set in motion. — 
With reflexive or in pass., move, 
proceed. — Also, remove, change, 
disturb. — Fig., stir up, agitate, 
excite, rouse, disturb, set on foot, 
cause, revolve (in the mind), med- 
itate, intend, begin, disclose (dis- 
turb what is quietly concealed) : 
arma {prepare for fight) . — Also 
esp., influence, affect, attract, move : 
motus tumultu {struck by) . 

mox [?], adv., presently, soon, here- 
after, later on. 

mucro, -orris, [?], m., the edge, the 
point (of a sword, &c), a sword. 

mugio, 4. v." n., belloiv, roar. 

magitus, -us, [fmugi- (of mugio) 
+ tus], m., a bellowing, a lowing. 

mulcatus, -a, -um, p.p. of mulco. 
mulceo, mulsl, mulsum (mirlc- 



tum), mulcere, [akin to mul- 
geo], 2. v. n., stroke, soften (by 
stroking), caress. — Fig., soothe, 
allay, mollify, assuage, calm. — 
Poetically : aethera cantu, cheer, 
delight. 

Mulciber, -bri, [as if fmulci- 
(weaker stem of mulceo) + ber 
(perh. fmulcibo + rus)], m., a 
name of Vulcan {the softener of 
iron). 

mulco, -avl, -atum, -are, [?, perh. 
fr. same stem as mulceo], 1. v. a., 
beat, bruise, -mangle. 

mulctra, -ae, [fmulg-f tra], f., a 
milk-pail. 

mulctrale, -is, [f mulctra + le (n. 
of -lis)], n., a milk-pail. 

mulctrarium, -1 (-il), [as if 
fmulctra- (reduced) + arium], n., 
a milk-pail. 

mulgeo, mulsl, mulsum (mulc- 
tum), mulgere, [^/mulg, akin 
to mulceo and Gr. a/j.4\yco'], 2. v. a., 
milk. — Of the effect, milk (obtain 
by milking). 

muliebris, -e, [fmulier + bris (cf. 
-ber, -brum), cf. Mulciber], adj., 
wo?nanly, a luoman's, of a woman. 

mulier, -eris, [?], f., a woman, 

multatus, -a, -um, p.p. of multo. 

multiplex, -icis, [fmulto-plex (cf. 
duplex)], adj., m any fold, mani- 
fold^ 

multo (mule to), -avl, -atum, 
-are, [fmuita- {fine)'], 1. v. a., 
fine, punish, visit (with a penalty) . 

multus, -a, -um, [?, cf. mille, 
miles], adj., many, many a, ??i2ich. 
— Translated by numerous words 
of quantity, size, and degree, great, 
' full, numerous, plentiful, copious, 
thick, loud, a great deal of, heavy, 
constant. — Masc. plur., many, 
many men. — Fern, plur., many, 
many women. — Neut. sing, and 
plur., much, many things (often 
with a defining word to be sup- 
plied from the context) : multum 
est {it is a great thing) ; — adver- 
bially, much, greatly, deeply, loud- 
ly. — Abl. multo, as adv., much, 



Vocabulary, 



181 



a great deal, far: multo ante 
{long before) . — Comparative plus, 
[fple- (cf. pleo) + ius], n., 
(plures, plura, plur.), more, 
greater, more numerous. ^— Also, 
many, several, much. — As adv., 
more, much. — Superlative, pliiri- 
mus, -a, -um, [fplus + imus], 
-very muck, very many, very large, 
very great, very many a (cf. mul- 
tus), in large numbers, very deep, 
very high, very thick, and the like. 

mundus, -i, [translation of Gr. koct- 
julos, lit. zuell-ordered, clean], m., 
the universe, the world, the earth. 

munimen, -inis, [fmuni- (of mu- 
nio) + men], n., a protection, a 
defence. 

munio, -ivi (-ii), -itum, -Ire, 
[fmnni- (cf. moenia)], 4~ v. a., 
fortify, protect. 

munus (moen-), -eris, [^/min (cf. 
moenia, communis), strength- 
ened, + us], n., {distributive 
shared), office, duty, function. — 
Also, an honor, a dignity. — a rite, 
a religious service, a sacrifice, an 
offering. — Less exactly, a gift, a 
favor, a boon, a prize, a present, a 
service : haec ipsa ad munera 
{for this purpose) . 

munus culum, -1, [f munns + cu- 
lmn], n., a little gift, a modest gift. 

muralis, -e, [fmuro- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., of {for) -walls: tor- 
mentum {battering-engine) . 

murex, -ieis, [?], m., a shell-fish 
(used for dyeing purple). — Less 
exactly, a jagged rock. — Also, 
purple dye, purple. 

murmur, -uris, [unc.rootredupl.], 
n., a murmur, a whisper, mur- 
muring, a humming, a muttering 
(of thunder) . 

murmuro, -avi, -atum, -are, I 
[tmnrmur-], 1. v. n., murmur. 

murra (myrrha), -ae, [Gr./iup/3a], 
{., myrrh (a gum as a perfume). 

Murranus, -I, [?], m., a Latin. 

murus (moer-), -I, [perh. remotely 
akin to moenia], m., a wall {less 
general than moenia) . 



mas, muris, [akin to Gr. fivs and 
Sk. mush, steal], comm., a mouse. 

Musa, -ae, [Gr. /jlovcto], f., a muse. 
— Also (cf. Ceres, grain), a song, 
a lay, verses. 

Musaeus, -i, [Gr. Moutrcuos], m., a 
pre-Homeric Athenian bard and 
musician. 

muscosus, -a, -um, [fmuseo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., mossy. 

muscus, -1, [?], m., moss. 

musso, -avi, -atum, -are, [perh. 
akin to mutus], 1. v. n., murmur, 
mutter (with compressed lips), 
hesitate, hum (of bees), loiif with 
fear (of cattle). 

mustum, -i, [?], n., new wine, 
must. 

mutabilis, -e, [fmuta- (of muto) 
+ bilis], adj., changeful, change- 
able, fickle, inconsta?it, changing. 

mutatus, -a, -um, p.p. of muto. 

muto, -avi, -atum, -are, [perh. 
f muto- (for movito-), cf. moveo, 
and mutuus], 1. v. a., change, 
alter, transform, exchange, remove 
(change place) : vellera luto {dye, 
change the color) ; mntata flumi- 
na {reversed). — Esp. of traffic, 
exchajtge, barter, sell, buy. 

mutus, -a, -um, [^/mu (cf. musso, 
muttio) +tus] , adj., dumb, speech- 
less, mute, silent. 

mutuus, -a, -um, [akin to muto, 
cf. mortuus], adj., excluinged, 
reciprocal, mutual, on both sides 
(reciprocally) . — Phrase : per mu- 
tua, with each other, mutually. 

Mycenaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. MuK-q- 
veuos], adj., of Mycene, Mycencean. 

Mycene, -es (-ae, -arum; -a, -ae), 
[Gr. MvKrivai, -77], f., the city of 
Agamemnon in Greece. — Less ex- 
actly, Greece. 

Mycon, see Mieon. 

Myconos (-us), -i, [Gr. Mu/coj/os], 
if., one of the Cyclades. Also read 
3Iycone, -es. 

Mygdonides, -ae,[Gr. patronymic], 
m., son of Mygdon. 

myrica, -ae, [Gr. fivpUri], f., the 
tamarisk (a shrub). 



182 



Vocabulary. 



Myrmidon es, -um, [Gr. Mvp/mido- 
z/es], m. plur., a tribe of Thessaly, 
subjects of Achilles. 

myrrha, see murra, the more cor- 
rect spelling. 

myrtetum (mur-), -1, [fmyrto- 
( reduced) + etum], n., a myrtle 
grove. 

myrteus, -a, -urn, [fmyrto- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of myrtle. 

myrtum, -I, [Gr. /xvprosj, n., a 
myrtle berry. 



myrtus, -I (also, -us), [Gr. fjLvpros~], 

f., a myrtle tree, a myrtle. — Less 
exactly, myrtle (leaves), a myrtle 
staff. — Collectively, myrtles. 

Mysius,.-a, -um, [Gr. M ucnos], adj., 
of Afysia (a district of Asia Mi- 
nor), My sian. — Fern., Mysia (the 
country). 

mystic us, -a, -um, [Gf. /ulvo-tikos'], 
adj., mystic, mystical. 

3Iysus, -a, -um, [Gr. Muo-os], adj., 
Mysian, of Mysia. 



N. 



nactus, -a, -um, p.p. of nan- 
ciscor. 

Nais, -idos, [Gr. Nous], f., a Naiad, 
' a water-nymph. 

nam [pron. ^na, in ace. fern. (?), 
cf. tarn, quam], conj., (explana- 
tory of a preceding- statement), 
for. — Also with interrogatives 
(usually appended as one word, 
but sometimes preceding or separ 
rated), making the question em- 
phatic, pray, 7iow, why, tell me, 
indeed: quaenam vos fortuna 
implicu.it {pray zvfiat ?) ; quis 
est nam ludus in undis {what 
sport can there be ?) ; nam quis 
te iussit {why, zuho, &c). 

namque [nam-que, cf. etenim], 
conj., (stronger than nam), for 
surely y for mind you, for I say, 
for no doubt, for in fact. — Also, 
assuredly, Pm sure. 

nanciscor, nactus (nanctus), 
nancisci, [^/nac], 3. v. dep., get, 
find, light upon, catch : ver {be 
favored with) . 

napaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. vairaios~], 
adj.,. of the delL — Plur. fern., the 
wood-nymphs. 

Nar, -aris, [?], m., a tributary of 
the Tiber. 

narcissus, -1, [Gr. vapKia , (ros~\ > m., 
the narcissus. 

nares, -ium, [fnasi-, akin to 
fnaso-], f., the nostrils, the nose. 

narro, -avi, -atum, -are, [for 
gnarigo (old),fgnarigd- (fgnaro- 



fagus, cf. prodigus)], 1. v. a., 

tell, relate, recoimt. 

Narycius, -a, -um, [Gr. Napu/aos], 
adj., of Narycium (a city of the 
Locri on the Eubcean Sea, the 
birthplace of Ajax Oileus ; also 
another city of the same name in 
Bruttium), Narycian. 

nascor, natus, nasci, [^/gna-f 
sco], 3. v. n., be born. — Less ex- 
actly, spring up, arise, grow. — 
Fig., begin, spring up, arise, suc- 
ceed. — nascens, -entis, p. as 
adj., new-born, at birth, growing, 
early: ortus {rising dazvn). — 
Plur. as subst., the young (of ani- 
mals) . — natus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
subst., son, daughter, offspring, a. 
young one (according to the con- 
text). 

nata (gna-), see nascor. 

natalis, -e, [fnato- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., of birth. — Masc, (sc. 
dies), birthday. 

nato, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnato- 
(p.p. of ncT) ] , 1 . v. n., swim, float. — 
Less exactly, be submerged, swim, 
be flooded. — natans, -antis, p. as 
adj., swimming, floating, waving 
(of grain). — Neut. plur., fish. — 
So also (as in English) : lumina 
{szvimming) . 

natu (only in abl.), [ ^gna+ tus], 
m., by birth. — Regularly used to 
define maior and maximus, 
older, eldest. 

natura, -ae a [fnatu + ra (f. of 



Vocabulary. 



183 



-rus), cf. figura], f., birth. — 
Fig., nature, character (innate), 
disposition, quality : natura loci 
{position of the ground). — Also, 
the power of growth, nature (natu- 
ral phenomena). 

natus (gna-), see nascor. 

naufragus, see navifragus. 

nauta, -ae, [prob. borrowed fr. Gr. 
vclvtt)s~], (also navita), [perhaps 
original fr. f navi-, or worked over 
by popular etymology], m.,0 sailor, 
a seaman, a mariner, a boatman, 
a ferry-man. 

Nautes, -is, [?], m., a Trojan, com- 
panion of ^Eneas. 

nauticus, -a, -um,[fnauta- (weak- 
ened) + cus], adj., of sailors : 
clamor (of the sailors)-, pinus 
{manned by seamen). 

navalis, -e, [fnav- (earlier form?) 
+ alis], adj., of ships, naval, nau- 
tical : corona (made in form of 
beaks of ships, the honor of a 
naval engagement) . — Xeut. plur., 
(sc. castra), ship-yards, docks ; 
also? (as subst.), ship stores, ma- 
terials, rigging. 

navifragus, -a, -um, [f navi-fra- 
gus (-^frag + us, cf. frango)], 
adj., zo re eking ships, da?zgerous. — 
— Pass., shipiurecked. 

navigium, -I (-11), [f navigo- (see 
navigo) reduced + ium], n., a 
boat, a vessel, a ship. 

navigo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fna- 
vigo- (fnavi-agus, cf. prodi- 
gus)], I. v. n., sail, set sail, e??i- 
bark. — With cognate ace, sail 
upon, navigate, traverse. 

navis, -is, [ynu (strengthened) as 
stem, with added -i, cf. vavs~\, f., a 
ship, a boat, a vessel, a fleet (in 
plural) . 

navita, see nauta. 

Naxus (-os), -1, [Gr. Na£os], f., one 
of the Cyclades. 

ne (ni),[unc. case-form, pron. ^na], 
adv. (only in special forms of 
speech), no, not. — With quidem, 
not even, not either. — With dum 
and dummodo (cf. modo ne), 



so long as not, provided Jtot. — 
With other particles requiring the 
subjunctive, ut, utinain. — In 
composition, cf. neque, nemo, etc. 
— In hortatory forms of speech:' 
ne crede colori. — Conj., with sub- 
junctive (oiig. the adverb with hor- 
tatory forms), that not, that no, 
&c, lest, not to. — With verbs of 
fearing (perh. hortatory in origin), 
that lest. 

-ne (n') [prob. same word as ne, 
cf. -ne in sense of nonne], en- 
clitic interrogative, -whether (but 
usually omitted in Eng. in direct 
questions). — Also in double ques- 
tions in second place, or. — Also, 
= nonne, whether not, is not, do 
not, &cc. 

Xeaera, -ae, [Gr. Nc'cwpa],. f., a 
rustic maid. , 

Xealees, -ae, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. 

nebula, -ae, [stem akin to nubes 
+ la], f., a mist, a fog, a cloud. 

nee (neque), [ne (shortened) -que], 
conj., and not, neither, nor, and 
yet not. — With et, not . . . and, 
not . . . and yet, not . . '. but. — 
nee non (et), and also, nor less, 
so too, then too, as well. 

necduni, see nee and dum. 

necesse (-um, -us, -is), [petrified 
case-form of unc. origin], adj. and 
adv., necessary, fated, required. — 
With est, it is necessary, it must 
be that, one cannot but. 

nee 6, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnec- 
(of nex)], i. v. a., kill, put to 
death. 

nectar, -aris, [Gr/ yeVrap], n., 
nectar (the drink of the gods). — 
Less exactly, of other drinks. 

necto, nexui, nexum, nectere, 
[ynec, cf. plecto], 3. v. a., bind, 
tie, twine. — Of the effect, tie 
(make' by tying), twine. — Fig., 
spin out, frame, weave. — With 
change of point of view (cf. cir- 
cumdo), encircle, twine with. — 
nexus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
close-twined, clinging. 

nefandus, -a, -um, [ne (short- 



1 84 



Vocabulary. 



ened) -fandus (see for)], adj., 
unspeakable (cf. infandus), hor- 
rible, accursed, impious, criminal 
(cf. nefas) , godless : gens ; enses ; 
odia {unutterable). — Neut. as 
subst., crime, wrong. 

nefas [ne (shortened) -fas], n. in- 
decl., impiety, wrong, crime, sacri- 
lege, an impious deed : nefas dic- 
tu {horrible to tell). — With est 
(often omitted), it is impious (a 
crime, wrong, &c). — Concretely, 
an impious creature, a curse, a 
tale of crime. — In a kind of appo- 
sition as an .exclamation, oh hor- 
ror ! (cf. infandum) . 

nego, -avi, -atum, -are, [?, perh. 
ne-aio, in its earlier form, through 
noun-stem], I. v. n. and a., (say 
no), say . . . not, deny, say that 
no, &c. — Also, refuse, deny (one 
anything), decline. 

Neniea, -ae, [Gr. Nejue'17], f., a city 
of Argolis, near which Hercules 
killed the Nemean lion. 

nemo, -inis, [ne-homo (hemo)], 
m., no man, no one, nobody. Al- 
most degenerated into a pronoun. 

nemorosus, -a, -urn, [tnemor + 
osus], adj., woody, well-ivooded.. 

nempe [nam-pe, of unc. orig., perh. 
dialectic form of que, cf. quippe], 
conj., no doubt, surely, certainly. 
— Also in answer to a question or' 
statement, that is to say, zohy ! in 
sooth. 

nemus, -oris, [y'nem (cf. nume- 
rus, Gr. vo/ulos, i/efiw)], n., (as- 
signed grazing-ground), a wooded 
pasture. — Less exactly, a grove, a 
forest, a vineyard(d. arbustum). 

neo, nevl, netum, nere, [V ne > 
cf. Gr. vi)dG>~\, 2. v. a., spin. — Less 
exactly, weave, interweave. 

Neoptoleinus, -I, [Gr. NeoTrroAe- 
julos], m., a name of Pyrrhus, the 
son of Achilles. 

nepos, -otis, [?], a grandson, a 
nephew. — Less exactly (in plur.), 
descendants, progeny, offspring, 
posterity. 

Neptunius, -a, -um, [fNeptuno- 



(reduced) + ius], adj., of Nep- 
tune: Troia (built by Neptune). 

Neptunus, -f, [fneptu-, akin to 
Eng. naphtlia (a Persian word) -+- 
nus, cf. Fortuna, Portunus], 
m., the god of the sea, brother of 
Jove and Pluto. — Also (cf. Ceres, 
grain), the sea. • 

neque, see nee. 

nequeo, -qulvi (-ii), -quitum, 
-quire, [ne-qneo], 4. v. irr., can- 
not, not be able, be unable. 

nequicquani (-quidquam), see 
nequiquam, the spelling now in 
vogue. 

nequiquam (nequic-, nequid-, 
prob. both forms of diff. orig. were 
once in use), [ne-qmquam (qnid 
quam, cf. quisquam)], adv., 
(not in any manner), in vain, 
uselessly, to no purpose, without 
effect, without reason. 

ne quis, etc. ; see ne and quis, etc. 

Nereis, -idis, [Gr. Hypeis, f. patro- 
nymic of Nereus], f., a daughter of 
Nereus, a Nereid, a sea-nymph. 

Nereius, -a, -um, [fNereu- (re- 
duced) + ius], adj., of Nereus, 
child of Nereus. 

Nereus, -el, [Gr. Nrjpevs], m., a sea- 
god, father of the Nereids. — Less 
exactly, the sea, the water. 

Nerine, -es, [Gr. Nt^iVt?], f., daugh- 
ter of Nereus t a Nereid. 

Neritos, -I, [Gr. Nijprros], f., a 
mountain of the island of Ithaca. 

Nersae, -arum, [?], f. plur., a city 
of the yEqui (sometimes read Nur- 
sae, which see). 

nervus, -1, [ y'SNAR -f vus, cf . Gr. 
vevpov, Eng. snare], m., a sineiv, 
a tendon. — From the original ma- 
terial, a bowstring, a string. 

Nesaee, -es, [Gr. Nrjaair)], f., a sea- 
nymph. 

nescio, -ivi (-il), -itum, -ire, [iie- 
scio], 4. v. a., not know, know not, 
be ignorant, be unaware, be unac- 
quainted with: nescit quis aras • 
(has not heard of) ; puellae hie- 
mem (learn to know) . — Also, 
not know how to, be unable to. -— 



Vocabulary. 



185 






nescio quis, some one or other, 
some one I know not who, some one, 
some. 

nescius, -a, -um, [ne-scius, cf. 
conscius, inscius], adj., not 
knowing, ignorant, unaware, in 
'ignora7tce, untaught (cf. nescio), 
unable to. — With negative, well 
aware, well taught, not without 
knowledge, not in ignorance. 

neu, see neve. 

neve (neu), [ne-ve], conj., or not, 
and not. — The regular connective 
with ne, and so equivalent to ne- 
que in clauses which require ne. 

nex, necis, [^/nec as stem (cf. 
pernicies, noeeo)], f., death, 
slaughter. 

nexo, nexuf, no sup., nexare, 
[fnexo-], I. v. a., twine, bind. 

nexus, -a, -um, p.p. of nec.to. 

ni, see ne. 

ni [prob. same word as ne, used in 
concessive clauses], conj., (equal 
to nisi), if not, unless. 

nldor, -oris, [unc. root + or, cf. 
Gr. tcvlffa], m., odor (of burnt flesh 
in sacridce). - — Less exactly, odor 
(of any kind). 

nidus, -I, [?], m., a nest. — Less ex- 
actly, young (of birds in a nest), 
cells (of bees) . 

niger, -gra, -grum, [?], adj., black 
(opp. to candidus, cf. ater, opp. 
to alous), dark, dusky, swarthy, 
gloomy, blackened, 

nigresco, nigrul, nosup., nigres- 
cere, [fnigre-(of nigreo)-f sco], 
3. v. incept., blacken, grow black, 
turn black. 

nigro, -avi, -atum, -are, [f nigro-] , 
1 . v. n., be black. — nigrans, -antis, 
p. as adj., black, dark. 

nihil (nihilum, nil), [ne-hilum 
{a spot?, a trifle}, cf. not, ne pas'], 
n. indecl., nothing. — As adv., not 
at all, not in the least, not a whit, 
not. — With partitives, no, none. 

nil, see nihil. 

NIlus, -I, [Gr. NelXos], m., the Nile, 
the famous river of Egypt. 

nimbosus, -a, -um, [fnimbo- (re- 



duced) -j-osus], adj., cloudy, cloud- 
capped, stormy (bringing storms). 

nimbus, -I, [perh. akin to nubes], 
m., a storm-cloud, a cloud, a dark 
cloud, a storm, a tempest, rain. — 
Also, a bright cloud (enclosing the 
gods). — fig., a cloud, a great 
number, a swarm. 

nlmirum [ne-mirum, no wonder], 
adv., doubtless, no doubt, surely. 

nimis [?], adv., too much, too, over 
much : nota {too well kno7V7i). 

nimius, -a, -um, [akin to nimis], 
adj., too much, excessive, too great, 
ijnmoderate. — Without idea of 
excess, very, exceedingly. — Xeut. 
as subst., too much. — Neut. as adv., 
too, too much, all too; — also, very, 
most indeed. 

ningo, ninxi, no sup., ningere, 
[ y/nig, cf. nix], 3. v. n., snow. — 
Usually impersonal, it snows. 

Niphates, -ae, [Gr. NiQolttis], m., 
a high snowy mountain in Arme- 
nia. — Less exactly, for the people 
near it. 

Xiphaeus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

Xlsa, -ae, [?], f., a rustic maiden. 

Xisaee,-es, [?], f., a sea-nymph (see 
also Nesaee). 

nisi [ne-si], conj., unless, if not, ex- 
cept : nisi fata locum dedissent 
(Jiad not, 6cc.) . 

NIsus, -1, [Gr. Nktos], m. : 1. A 
king of Megaris, betrayed by his 
daughter Scylla, and robbed of a 
fatal hair upon which his life de- 
pended. He was changed into a 
hawk; 2. A Trojan who, with his 
companion Euryalus, was slain in 
attempting 'to pass the enemy's 
lines. 

nisus, -iis, [^/nit + tus], m., an 
effort : rapidus {flight, plunge) ; 
idem {position, poise). 

nited, (nitul, referred to niteseo), 
no sup., nitere, [?], 2. v. m, shine, 
glisten, sparkle. — nitens, -entis, 
p. as adj ., shining, bright, sparkling, 
sleek (in good condition), well- 
tilled (cf. Eng.fozil), bright, flour- 
ishing. 



i86 



Vocabulary. 



nitesco, nitui, no sup., nitescere, 
[fnite- (cf. niteo) + sco], 3. v. n., 
shine. 

nitidus, -a, -urn, [adj. stem fr. wh. 
niteo + dus], adj., bright, shin- 
ing, blooming, sleek. 

nitor, nisus (nixus), niti, [poss. 
for gnitor, from fgenu or some 
stem akin], 3. v. dep., lean against, 
brace against, struggle, strive, rest 
on, lean on, climb, cli?nb up : pa- 
ribus alis (be poised on). 
. nitrum, -1, [Gr. pirpou], n., soda (a 
mineral alkali, properly carbonate 
of soda, used for potash by the an- 
cients). 

nivalis, -e, [fniv- (nix) + alis], 
adj., snowy 9 snow-clad. — Less ex- 
actly, snowy-white, snowy. 

niveus, -a, -um, [fniv + eus], adj., 
of snozv, snowy ; — snowy-white, 
pure white. 

nix, nivis, [y'nig- (as stem), cf. 
ningo], f., snozv. 

nixus, -a, -um, p.p. of nitor. 
■ nixus, -us, [some form of ^/nit + 
tus], m., an effort, labor (of travail). 

no, navi, no sup., nare, [cf. Gr. 
veto], 1. v. n., swim. — Less ex- 
actly, float, sail, fly. . 

nobilis, -e, [VS no (°f- nosco) + 
bilis], f., well-known, famous. 

nobilitas, -tatis, [fnobili + tas], 
f., high birth, illustrious origin. 

noceo, nocul, nocitum, nocere, 
[adj. stem in -6, cf. nocuus (^/nec, 

. cf. pernicies)], 2. v. n., do mis- 
chief, be hurtful, be injurious, in- 
jure, harm, do harm : haud ig- 
nara nocendi (of mischief). — 
nocens, -entis, p. as adj., harm- 
ful, pernicious. 

noctivagus, -a, -um, [fnocti- (un- 
reduced stem of nox) -f vagus], 
adj., night-roving. 

noctua, -ae, [f noctu + a (f. of 
us), bird of night], f., an owl. 

nocturnus, -a, -um, [tnoctu- (as 
if noctus, cf. diurnus) -f nus], 
adj., of the night, nocturnal, night- 
ly. — Often rendered as if an ad- 
verb, by night, in the night. 



nodo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnodo], 

I. v. a., knot, tie up, bind in a knot. 

nodus, -I, [?], m., a knot (of a 
cord, &c, or of a branch), an eye 
(of a plant), a fold (of a serpent), 
a clasp (of the arms) : pugnae 
nodum moramque (the centre and 
bulwark) . 

Noemon, -onis, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Nomas, -adis, [Gr. Nonets], m., a 
Nomad (one of a wandering, pas- 
toral people). — Plur., the Numid- 
ians. 

nomen, -inis, [VS no ( c f- nosco) 
+ men], n., a name, a word. — 
As in Eng., a hero (cf. " great 
names"), a fainily, a race. — Fig., 
renown, name, glory, distinction, 
reputation. 

Nomentum, -I, [?], n., a Sabine 
city. 

non (old noenum), [ne-unum, cf. 

• " nought," " not"], adv., ?to, not. 

nondum, see dum. 

nonne, see non and ne. 

nonnullus, -a, -um, [non-nullus], 
adj. (aspron.), some, so??ie or other. 

nonus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (of 
novem) + nus], adj., the ninth. 

Noricus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
Noricum (a mountainous country 
north of the Alps, west of Panno- 
nia, and south of the Danube), 
Norican. 

nos, plur. of ego, which see. 

nosco, novl, notum, noscere, 
[ ^/gno (cf. know) + sco], 3. v. a., 
learn, recognize, — (in perf., &c), 
know (a thiitg, cf. scio, know -a 
fact), be acquainted with, be sensi- 
ble of experience. — Less exactly, 
knozv (a fact, like scio) . — notus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., well known, 
familiar, wonted, usual, custom- 
a ry, habitual; — famous, renoivned, 
famed : notum quid feinina pos- 
sit (the knozuledge, &c). 

noster, -tra, -trum, [nos (as stem) 
+ terus (reduced), cf. uter], adj. 
pron., our, my, of us, of me, in my 
power. — Also, favorable (to us) , 
prosperous. — As subst. (in plur.), 



Vocabulary. 



187 



our {my) friends (countrymen, 
&c). - 

nota, -ae, [ v /gno+ ta], f., a mark, 
a sign. — Less exactly, a spot, a 
scar, a mark (of wounds). 

no thus, -1, [Gr. v60os~\, m., an ille- 
gitimate son, a bastard. — Of ani- 
mals, a mongrel, a cross-breed. 

noto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnota-], 
I. v. a., mark. — Of the effect, 
mark down, inscribe. — Less ex- 
actly, mark, observe, notice. 

Notus, -i, [Gr. Notos], m., the South 
Wind. — Less exactly, the -wind. 

notus, -a, -um, p.p. of nosco. 

novalis, -e, [fnovo- (reduced) + 
alis], adj., (new). — Fem., (sc. 
terra), fallow land (left to be re- 
newed by lying). — Neut., fallow 
land, (less exactly) fields (culti- 
vated). 

novellus, -a, -um, [fnovo- (re- 
duced) + ellus, as if f novulo + 
lus], adj., young,-, tender, new. 

novem [unc. case-form petrified, cf. 
Gr. kvvia, Eng. nine~\, indecl. adj., 
nine. 

noverca, -ae, [?, akin to novus], 
i\, a stepmother . 

noviens (-ies), [stem of novem, 
with unc. term.], num. adv., nine 
times. 

no vitas, -tatis, [fnovo- (weak- 
ened) + tas], f., newness; regni 
(infancy). 

novo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnovo-], 
I. v. a., renew, make new, repair, 
refit, repeat. — Fig., change : ndem 
{break) . 

novus, -a, -um, [akin to Gr. veos~\, 
adj., new, fresh, strange, young : 
ver {new, early) ; sol {new risen); 
soles {of early spring) . — novis- 
simus, -a, -um, superb, nezuest, 
latest, last, rear. 

nox, noctis, [perh. ^/noc (cf. no- 
ceo) + tis (reduced), cf. Gr. vv£, 
Eng. night '], f., night, darkness, 
the influence of night. — Personi- 
fied, Night. 

noxa, -ae, [^noc + ta (?)], f., 
{harm), a fault, guilt. 



noxius, -a,- -um, [f noxa- (reduced) 

+ ius] , adj ., harmful, guilty. ■ 

nubes, -is, [^/nub- (cf. nubo) + . 
es (and -is)], f., a cloud. — Fig., . 
a cloud, a swarm : facta nube 
{gathering like a cloud, of birds) ; 
belli {storm-cloud). — Also, the 
region of clouds, the clouds, the 
heavens. 

nubigena, -ae,[fnubi-(see nubes) 
-gena (.^/gen+a, cf. Graiuge- 
na)], m., cloud-born, a centaur, a 
cloud-born monster. 

nubila, -orum, [fnubi- (see nu- 
bes) + la (n. plur. of lus)], n., 
prop, adj., the clouds, the region of 
clouds. 

nubilis, -e, [fnubo- (cf. pronuba, 
conubium) + lis], adj., mar- 
riageable. 

nudatus, -a, -um, p.p. of nudo. 

nudo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fnudo-], 
I. v. a., strip, make bare, lay bare, 
bare, uncover. — nudatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., bared, stripped, 
naked, uncovered. 

nudus, -a, -um, [prob. for fnug- 
dus, cf. Eng. naked~\, adj., naked, 
bare, uncovered, stripped, exposed, 
defenceless : aetheris axis {open)-, 
ensis {drawn). — Less exactly, in 
a single gar??ient (without an oujter 
garment), uncloaked. 

nullus, -a, -um, [ne-ullus], adj., 
no, none : non nullis oculis (with- 
out regard). — Masc. and fem., 
none, no one, nobody. — nonnul- 
lus, -a, -um, so?ne, some one. 

num [pron. y'na, ace, cf. turn, 
cum, dum], conj., interrog., 
whether (often not expressed in 
Eng., but indicated by the order, 
is any, does any, &c). — Regu- 
larly expecting the answer " no." 

Numa, -ae, [?], m., a Roman name. 
— Esp., Numa Pompilius, the sec- 
ond king of Rome, to whom were 
attributed the religious institutions 
of the Romans; 2. Two Rutulians. 

Numanus, -1, [fNuma+ nus],m., 
a Rutulian, with the surname 
Remulus. 



188 



Vocabulary. 



numen, -inis, [ ^nu (lengthened, 
cf. nuo) + men], n., {a nod). — 
Esp., the divine will, power (of 
the gods), authority, permission, 
purpose, consent, approval, decree, 
inspiration, presence (of a god), 
divine nature, divine interposi- 
tion, oracle (declared purpose) . — 
Also, divinity, divine essence, deity 
(with genitive of the god used con- 
cretely) : Iunonis; Fauni ; ves- 
tra (of the stars). — Also con- 
cretely, a divinity, a divine being : 
numina magna Deum {forms) ; 
media inter numina {images). 

numero, -avl, -atum, -are, [fnu- 
mero-], I. v. a., count, reckon up, 
recount. 

numerus, -I, [stem akin to vo\xos 
(cf. numus) + rus], m., number, 
a number. — Esp., a large num- 
ber, a number. — Also, order, pro- 
portion : pares numeri {equal 
dime/isions) ; compositi numero 
in turmas {in equal numbers)', 
stellis numeros fecit {places, by 
calculation) ; nee numero nee 
honore eremant {witJiout distinc- 
tion). — Also, musical measure, 
time, tune, the notes of the sea le ( pi . ) . 

— Phrases : in numerum, in time, 
in order, in turn, in measure; 
sideris in numerum, to the place 
of a star ; neque est numerus, 
it is impossible to count, there is 
no numbering. 

Nuinicus, -I, [?], m., a river of La- 
tium, where /Eneas was said to 
have disappeared. 

Numidae, -arum, [Gr. vo/mh'], m. 
plur., the Numidians (a people of 
Northern Africa). 

Numitor, -oris, [?], m. : I. The 
grandfather of Romulus and Re- 
mus ; 2. A Rutulian. 

nunc [num-ce (cf. hie)], adv., now. 

— Repeated, now . . . now, some- 
times . . . again. 

nuncius, etc.; see nuntius. 

nunquam [ne-unquam], adv., 
never. — Less exactly, not at all, 
by no means (see hodie) . 



nuntia, -ae, [f of nuntius], f., a 

messenger (female). 
nuntio, -avl, -atum, -are, [fnun- 

tio-], I. v. a., report, announce, 
bring tidings. 

nuntius, -1 (-if), [prob. fnovo- 
fventius (fvento + ius)], m., a 
messenger, a reporter. — In appos., 
as adj., bringing tidings, reporting. 
— Also, neivs, message, tidings, re- 
port. 

nuper [prob. novum-per, cf. pa- 
rumper], adv., lately, just now, 
not long ago. 

Nursae, -arum, [?]; see Nersae, 
the approved spelling. 

Nursia (Nurt-), -ae, [?], f., a town 
of the Sabines (now Norcia). 

nurus, -us, [akin to Gr. wos (for 
sxusus)], f., a daughter-in-law. 

nusquam [ne-usquam], adv., no- 
ivhere. — Also equal Eng. never 
(with a different conception). 

nuto, -avl, -atum, -are, [fnuto- 
(cf. abnuo)], I. v. n., nod, totter, 
swing, wave. 

nutriment um, -I, [fnutri- (of 
nutrio) + mentum], n., food, 
nourishment. — Less exactly, fuel. 

natrio, -iyt (-ii), -Itum, -Ire, 
[?, cf. nutrix], 4. v. a., nurse, 
nourish, suckle. — Less exactly, 
bring up, rear. — Pass, as dep., 
cultivate, raise. 

nu trior, see nutrio. 

nutrix, -icis, [unknown root (cf. 
nutrio) + trix], f., a nurse. 

nutus, -us, [tnu- (as root) + tus, 
cf. abnuo, numen], m., a nod. — 
Fig., will, an order, a command. 

nux, nucis, [?], f., a hut (of vari- 
ous kinds). — Also, a7i almond- 
tree. 

nympha, -ae, [Gr. vvfx<p-n], f., a 
nymph (a goddess of the sea or 
woods, more or less allied to the 
human race). — Less exactly, a 
muse (as the muses proper were 
of this general class) . 

Nysa, -ae, [Gr. Nvcra], f., a city of 
India, said to have been built by 
Bacchus in his expedition to India. 



Vocabulary. 



189 



O. 






O, interj. (of all emotions), oh ! O ! 
— With ace, nom., or voc. 

Oaxes, -is, [Gr. v Oa£*s], m., a river 
in Crete. 

ob (obs), [akin to Gr. eirC], prep., 
towards (archaic) . — near, around. 
— Fig. (cf. the provincial " all along 
of"), 07i account of, for, for the 
sake of through. — In comp., to, 
towards, jigainst, before, over, &c. 

obambulo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ob-ambulo], 1. v. n., walk about, 
roam about. 

obduco, -duxi, -ductum, -dace- 
re, [ob-duco], 3. v. a., draw over, 
spread over. — With change of 
point of view, overspread, cover, 
overgrow, choke. — obductus, -a, 
•um, p.p., overspread, surround- 
ing ; — hidden „ covered. 

obductus, -a, -um,p.p.of obduco. 

obeo, -Ivi (-il), -itum, -ire, [ob- 
eo], irr. v. a., go to, go over, go 
around, visit: pugnas {engage 
in) ; terras maria {wash, encom- 
pass) ; omnia visu {view, survey) ; 
mortem {suffer, meet) . — Also, 
surround, encircle, cover. 

obesus, -a, -um, [ob-esus], adj., 
fat, swollen. 

obex, -icis, [ob-ylac (as stem)], 
m. or f., a bar, an obstacle, a bar- 
rier. 

obfero and compounds of ob with 
f, see offer o. 

obicio (obii-), -iecl, -iectum, 
-icere, [ob-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
against, throw to, expose, throw hi 
the way of, offer : clipeos ad tela 
{oppose, present) ; equites sese 
{array themselves in opposition) ; 
portas {shut against one) . — Fig., 
expose, offer to the sight, throw out 
against, throw at {of taunts, &c.) : 
rabiem canibus {inspire). — ob- 
iectus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
thrown in the way, lying in the way, 
opposing. 

obiecto, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
iacto, cf. obicio], 1. v. a., throw 



against. — Fig., expose, risk, sac- 
rifice (in war) . 

obiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of obicio. 

obiectus, -us, [ob-iactus, cf. obi- 
cio], m., a throwing in the way : 
laterum {opposition, obstacle, of 
an island). 

obitus, -a, -um, p.p. of obeo. 

obitus, -us, [ob-itus (cf. obeo)], 
m., a going down, setting, death 
(cf.obire mortem), dissolution. 

oblatus, -a, -um, p.p. of offero. 

ojblimo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
limo], 1. v. a., clog (orig. with 
mud), stop. 

obllquo, -avi, -atiim, -are, [ob- 
liquo-], 1. v. a., turn obliquely ; 
sinus in ventum {brace, swing) . 

obllquus (-cus), -a, -um, [ob- 
fliquus (cf. limus and Gr. Ac^- 
qios)~\, adj., sidewise, slantwise, 
slanting, sidelong, oblique : in 
obliquum {across, transversely) ; 
obliqua invidia (with eyes as- 
kance). 

oblltus, -a, -um, p.p. of oblivis- 
cor. 

obliviscor, oblitus, obllvisci, 
[f oblivi- (of verb akin to lividus 
compounded with ob) +' sco, be- 
come dark to{?)~], 3. v. dep., for- 
get, think no more of. — oblltus, 
-a, -um, p.p., forgetting, forgetful, 
careless of heedless of: sucos po- 
ma {losing) . — Also, forgotten. 

obllvium, -I (-il), [foblivo- (cf. 
obliviscor and liveo)], n., for- 
getfulness. 

obloquor, -locutus, -loqul, [ob- 
loqnor], 3. v. dep., speak against. 
— Also, sing to (with accompani- 
ment of). 

obluctor, -atus, -arl, [ob-luctor], 
I. v. dep., struggle against. 

obmutesco, -mutui, no sup., -mu- 
tescere, [ob-mutesco], 3. v. n. 
incept., hush, become speechless, be 
silent. 

obnitor, -nisus (-nixus), -niti, 
[ob-nitor], 3. v. dep., struggle 



190 



Vocabulary. 



against, lean against, lean on, 
struggle, strive. 

obnixus, -a, -um, p.p. of obnitor. 

obnoxius, -a, -um, [ob-noxius, 
guilty towards], adj., guilty. — 
From ancient mode of administer- 
ing justice, bound to, subject to, ex- 
posed to. 

obnubo, -nupsi, -niiptum, -nu- 
bere, [ob-nubo, in its orig. sense, 
veil], 3. v. a., veil, cover. 

oborior, -ortus, -oriri, [ob-orior], 
4. v. dep., rise against, rise over. 
- — obortus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
rising, flowing (of tears) , blind- 
ing. 

obortus, -a, -um, p.p. of oborior. 

obruo, -rul, -rutum, -ruere, [ob- 
ruo], 3. v. a., overwhelm, bury. 

obrutus, -a, -um, p.p. of obruo. 

obscenus, -a, -um, [prob. obs- (see 
ob) fcaeno- (decl. as adj.)], adj., 
filthy, foul. — Less exactly, un- 
sightly, ugly, hideous, horrible. — 
Esp., ill-omened, ill-boding. 

obscuro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fob- 
scuro-], i.v. a., darken, obscure. 

obscurus, -a, -um, [ob-fscurus 
(cf. scutum), covered over, shut 
in], adj., dark, dim, gloomy, dusky. 
— Transferred, obscured, tinknoimi, 
little knoivn, in the dark, unseen : 
fama {doubtful, dimmed}-, haud 
obscura signa {no uncertain 
signs) ; obscuris vera involvens 
{dark hints) ; sub obscurum noc- 
tis {under the darkness of night). 

obsero, -sevi, -situm, -serere, 
[ob-sero], 3. v. a., plant over. — 
obsitus, -a, -um, p.p., covered, 
beset, overgrown : aevo {heavy 
with, full of years) . 

observatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ob- 
servo. 

observo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
servo], 1. v. a., watch, mark, ob- 
serve, notice, trace. — Esp., honor : 
regem. 

obsessus, -a, -um, p.p. of obsideo. 

obsideS, -sedi, -sessvim, -sidere, 
[ob-sedeo], 2. v. a., blockade, be- 
set, guard, besiege, occupy. — ob- 



sessus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
blocked up, beset, choked. 

obsidio, -onis, [fobsidio- (re- 
duced) + o], i.,a blockade, a siege. 

obsldo, no perf., no sup., -sidere, 
[ob-sido], 3. v. a., beset, occupy. 

obsitus, -a, -um, p.p. of obsero. 

obstlpesco (-stupesco), -stipul, 
no sup., -stipescere,[ob-sti(stu)- 
pesco] ,3. v. n., be amazed, be struck 
with astonishment, be stunned, be 
dazed, be struck dumb, stand 
amazed, be thunderstruck, be para- 
lyzed. 

obsto, -stiti, -statum, -stare, 
[ob-sto], 1. v. n., stand in the 
way of, hinder, zvithstand, stay, 
retard: obstitit quibus Ilium 
{be obnoxious) . — Also, congeal 
(of blood). 

qbstruo, -struxi, -structum, 
-struere, [ob-struo], 3. v. a., 
block tip, choke, obstruct, seal (of 
the ears). 

obsttipesco, see obstipesco. 

obsum, -ful, -esse, [ob-suin], irr. 
v. n., be opposed (cf. prosum), 
irijure, harm. 

obtectus, -a, -um, p.p. of obtego. 

obtego, -texi, -tectum, -tegere, 
[ob-tego], 3. v. a., cover over, 
cover, ^obscure. 

obtend§, -tendi, -tentum, -ten- 
dere, [ob-tendo], 3. v. a., spread 
before, outspread, shed: obtenta 
nox {spreadi7ig) . 

obtentus, -a, -um, p.p. of ob- 
tendo. 

obtentus, -us, [ob-tentus, cf. ob- 
tendo], m., a spreading out. — 
Concretely, a canopy : frondis. 

obtestor, -atus, -ari, [ob-testor], 
I. v. dep., entreat (by some sacred 
object called to witness), beseech,- 
adjure. 

obtexo, -texul, no sup., -texere, 
[ob-texo], 3. v. a., weave over. — 
With change of point of view, 
overspread. 

obtorqueo, -torsi, -tortum, -tor- 
quere, [ob-torqueo], 2. v. a., 
twist. 



Vocabulary. 



191 



ob tortus, -a, -um, p.p. of obtor- 
queo. ^ 

obtruneo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
trunco], 1. v. a., cut down, butchery 
slay. 

obtuli, see offero. 

obtundo, -tudi, -tusum, -tun- 
dere, [ob-tundo], 3. v. a., dull 
(orig. by beating), blunt, — ob- 
tiisus, -a, -um, p.p., dulled, blunt- 
ed, dull, dim, less vigorous. — Fig., 
obtuse, unfeeling. 

obtusus, -a, -um, p.p. of obtundo. 

obtiitus, -us, [ob-tutus, cf. ob- 
tueor], m., a gaze, a fixed stare. 

obumbro, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
umbro], 1. v. a., overshadow. 

obuncus, -a, -um, [ob-uncus], 
adj., hooked, curved. 

obustus, -a, -um [ob-ustus (see 
uro)], adj., burnt around, hard- 
ened in the fire. 

ob versus, -a, -um, p.p. of ob- 
verto. 

obverto, -verti, -versum, -ver- 
tere, [ob-verto], 3. v. a., turn 
towards, turn. — obversus, -a, 
-um, p.p., in opposition, facing, 
standing in front, firm (as un- 
flinching) , resolute : hue obversus 
et hue {turning this way. and 
thai) . 

obvius, -a, -um, [ob-fvia (decl. as 
adj.), cf. obviam], adj., in the 
way, opposed, exposed, in front, 
before, to meet. 

occasus, -us, [ob-casus, cf. occi- 
do], m., a fall, ruin. — Esp., the 
setting (of a heavenly body) : solis 
(sunset) . — Also (cf. last division) , 
sunset, the zuest. 

occido, -cidi, -casum, -cidere, 
[ob-cado], 3. v. n., fall, perish, 
be slain, disappear, be lost, be im- 
done^ — Esp., set. 

occido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 
[ob-caedo], 3. v. a., slay, kill. 

occisus, -a, -um, p.p. of occido. 

occubo, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[ob-cubo], 1. v. n., lie (dead or 
buried) : occubat umbris {has 
fallen a prey). 



occulo, -culul, -cultum, -culere, 
[?, cf. clam], 3. v. a., bury, cover, 
hide, conceal. — occultus, -a,-um, 

p.p. as adj., concealed, secret, hid- 
den : sapor {slight, scarcely dis- 
tinguishable) . 

occulte [abl. of occultus], adv., ' 
secretly, privately. 

occulto, -avi, -atum, -are, [f oc- 
culto-, cf. occulo], i.v. a., hide, 
conceal. 

occultus, -a, -um, p.p. of occulo. 

occumbo, -cubul, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [ob-cumbo], 3. v. n., 
fall, die, be slain : morti {fall a 
prey)^ 

occupo, -avi, -atum, -are, [foe- 
cup-, cf. faucup- (ob-^/cap as 
stem)], I. v. a., take in advance 
(as against somebody else), seize, 
take possession of, assail, strike, 
fill; manicis {bind) . — Fig., over- 
spread, fill, seize. 

occurro, -currl, -cursum, -cur- 
rere, [ob-eurro], 1. v. n., run to 
meet, rush to, rush in, come in the 
way, meet: medius {come in to 
interrupt) . — ■ Fig., appear, meet 
one's eyes. 

occurso, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
curso, cf. occurro], i.v. n., rush 
in the way, fall in the way of, 
7neet. 

Oceanitis, -idis, [Gr. patronymic], 
f., daughter of Ocean. 

oceanus, -1, [Gr. H/reai/os], m., the 
ocean. — Personified, Ocean, con- 
ceived by the ancients as the uni- 
versal parent. 

ocior, -us, [focu- (cf. Gr. wkvs) + 
ior, compar. of lost positive], adj., 
swifter. — Neut. as adv., more 
swiftly, quicker. — Also, quickly, 
forthwith, at once. 

Ocnus, -1, [Gr. "Okvos'], m., the 
founder of Mantua. 

ocrea, -ae, [focri- (cf. ocris, 
Ocriculum) + ea, f. of -eus], f., 
a legging, a greave (usually plur.). 

octo [akin to Gr. oktco, Eng. eight ]. 
indecl., num. adj., eight. 



192 



Vocabulary. 



oculus, -1, [foco- (akin to Gr. Zvoc, 
for oKye, Eng. eye, yac, cf. acies) 
+ lus, a dim.],m., an eye. — Also, 
from similarity (cf. Eng. " eye "), 
a bud. 

odl, odisse, osus, [?, perf. of lost 
pres.], v. a., hate : diem {curse). 

odium, -I (-ii)> [akin to odi], n., 
hatred, hate, a grudge. — est odio, 
is hateful. 

odor, -oris, [ ^/od (cf. Gr. ofc) + 
or (os)], m., an odor, a fragrance, 
a perfume. 

odoratus, -a, -um, p.p. of odoro. 

odorifer, -era, -eriim, [fodor- (as 
if odori-) + fer (vf er + us )]> 
adj., sweet-smelling, fragrant. 

odoro, -avl, -atuni, -are, [fodor-], 
I . v. a., perfume. — odoratus, -a, 
-um, p.p., perfumed, sweet-sniell- 
ing, frag)' ant. 

odorus, -a, -um, [perh. fodor + 
us, but cf. canorus], adj., sweet- 
smelling. — Also (see etymology 
above), keen-scented. 

Oeagrius, -a, -um, [Gr. Olaypios~], 
adj., ofCEagrus (a Thracian king). 
— Less exactly, Thracian. 

Oebalius, -a, -um, [Gr. Olfia.Aios'], 
adj., of CEbalus (a king of Sparta, 
the founder of Tarentum) . — Fern., 
CEbalia (sc. terra), a name of 
Tarentum. 

Oebalus, -1, [Gr. OY/3aAos], m. : 

1. A king of Sparta (see above); 

2. A king among the Campanians. 
Oechalia, -ae, [Gr. OlxaXia], f. 

(prop, adj.), a city of Eubcea. 

Oenotrius, -a, -um, [fOenotro- 
(reduced) -f- ius], adj., CEnotrian 
(of the southern part of Italy). — 
Less exactly, Italian. 

Oenotrus, -a, -um, [perh. akin to 
Gr. olvos, cf. ofaoDTpos, a vine prop\ 
adj., of CEnotria (the southern 
part of Italy), CEnotrian. 

oestrus, -i, [Gr. olarpos'], m., a gad- 
fly. _ _ ' 

Oeta, -ae (-e, -es), [Gr. OXrri}, f., 
a mountain range of Thessaly run- 
ning from Pindus easterly to the 
coast. 



offa, -ae, [?], f., a ball of dough, a 

cake. 
offendo, -fendi, -fensum, -fen- 

dere, [ob-fendo, cf. defendo], 

3. v. a., strike against, dash against. 
— offensus, -a, -um, p.p., strik- 
ing against, striking: exsultat 
imago vocis. 

offensus, -a, -um, p.p. of offendo. 

offero (off-), obtuli (optuli), 
oblatum, offerre (obf), [ob- 
fero], irr. v. a., bring to, present, 
hold out. — With reflexive or in 
pass., appear, present one's self 
come in one's way, expose, offer 
one's self — Less exactly and fig., 
offer, shozv, grant. 

officio, -feel, -fee turn, -ficere, 
[ob-facio], 3. v. n., (do something 
towards or to some one, cf. offi- 
cium). — Esp., act against, hin- 
der, thwart, injure. 

officium, -1 (-il), [f offic- (ob-fac, 
as stem, cf. artifex) + ium], n., 
a service, a kind office. — Also, a 
duty, a task. 

Oileus, -ei (-el, -eos),[Gr. 'OiAeus], 
in., a king of Locris, father of 
Ajax. The name was added to 
that of Ajax either in the genitive 
or nominative, or as an adj., to 
distinguish him from Ajax son of 
Telamon. 

olea, -ae, [akin to Gr. eXaia, poss. 
borrowed], f., an olive -(berry or 
tree). 

oleaginus (-neus, -nius), -a, -um, 
[f oleagin- (fr. olea, cf. virago) 
-f us], adj., of the olive. 

Olearos, -i, [Gr. 'OAeapos], f., one 
of the Cyclades (now Antiparos). 

oleaster, -trl, [folea-f term, akin 
to comparative], m., a wild olive. 

oleo, olul, no sup., olere, [folo- 
(cf. olidus), prob. y'od in odor, 
u(w, cf. lacrima], 2. v. n. and a., 
smell. — olens, -entis, p. as adj., 
smelli7Zg(good, bad, or indifferent), 
fragrant, odoriferous ; — ra?zk, ill- 
smelling, noisome. 

oleum, -I, [see olea], n., oil. 

olim [case-form of ollus (ille), cf. 



Vocabulary. 



193 



hinc], adv., at that time, formerly ; 
once, just novo : iam oliin cum 
[flow at last, at the time when) . — 
Of future time, hereafter, at some 
time, at any time. — Indefinitely, 
sometimes, often. 

ollva, -ae, [prob. same stem as 
olea, cf. Aehivus], f., the olive- 
tree. — Less exactly, an olive trunk, 
an olive branch, olive leaves. 

olivifer, -era, -erum, [foliva- 
(weakened) -fer (vfer + us)], 
adj., olive-bearing. 

olivum, -1, [see oliva], n., oil. 

ollus, -a, -um; see ille. 

olor, -oris, [?], m., a swan. 

olorinus, -a, -um, [folor + inus], 
adj., of the {a) swan. 

olus, -eris; see holus, the better 
spelling. 

Olympiacus, -a, -am, [Gr. y O\vu- 
7rta«:os], adj., of Olympia (the city 
of Elis, where the Olympic games 
were held), Olympian. 

Olympus, -I, [Gr. 'OAv/j.ttos'], m., a 
mountain on the northern frontier 
of Thessaly. — From a notion of the 
ancients, the heavens,heaven,the sky. 

omen, -inis, [?, but cf. oscines], 
n., an omen, a portent, a prodigy; 
in omen {as an omen); primis 
ominibus {first marriage, on ac- 
count of the ancient custom of 
taking omens) ; regibus omen 
erat {sacred custom, which was 
an omen of prosperity, and the 
omission of which would be an 
evil omen); omina {auspices'). 

omnigenus, -a, -um, [+onmi-ge- 
nus (^/gen — us, cf. benignus)], 
adj., of all hinds, of all sorts, of 
every kind. 

omnino [abl. of tomnino- (-r-omni 
+ nus)], adv., altogether, entirely, 
utterly. 

omniparens, -entis, [fomni-pa- 
rens], adj., all-producing, parent 
of all. 

omnipotens, -entis, [tomni-po- 
tens] ,adj ., all-poiue rful, all-7?iighty, 
omnipotent. — As subst, the All- 
powerful (Jupiter). 



omnis,-is, [ ?], adj., all, every : cura 
{the utmost). — Often like totus, 
the whole, the entire. — Xeut. plur., 
everything, all, all things (often 
to be rendered in Eng. by a defin- 
ing word). 

Omole, see Homole. 

onager, -gri, [Gr. ovaypos~\, m., a 
wild ass. 

oneratus, -a, -cm, p.p. of onero. 

onero, -avi, -atum, -are, [foner- 
(onvis)], 1. v. a., load, burden, 
fill, cover, heap, pile : aggere 
ossa ; sulcos proventu ; epulis 
mensas ; iaculo palmas {seize the 
heavy javelin, &c.) ; membra se- 
pulcro {cover deep) . — Fig., bur- 
den, overwhelm : his onerat dictis 
{heap reproachful words, &c.) ; 
me malis {heap troid)les upon) ; 
aethera votis {fill). — With 
change of point of view, load 
{into), pile, put up. — oneratus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., heavy-laden. 

onerosus, -a, -um, [toner- (onus) 
-fosus], adj., burdenso??ie, heavy, 
weighty. 

onus, -eris, [?], n., a burden, a 
weight, a load. 

onustus, -a, -um, [f onus + tus, 
cf. honestus], adj., laden, loaded. 

Onytes, -is, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

opaco, -avi, -atum, -are, [t opa- 
co-], I. v. a., darken, shade, over- 
shadow, throw a shadoio on. 

opacus, -a, -um, [?], adj., darb, 
shaded, shady, overshadowed : fii- 
gus {cool shade). — Less exactly, 
overshadozuing, shady. — Xeut. pi. : 
opaca locorum {dark places). 

opera, -ae, [toper- (of opus) + a], 
f., labor, service, attention ; ope- 
ram dare {do service) . 

operatus, -a, -um, p.p. of operor. 

operio, operui, opertum, ope- 
rlre, [ob-pario, cf . aperio], 4. v. a., 
cover, enshroitd. — opertus, -a, 
-um, p.p., covered, secret, hidden : 
telluris operta {depths). 

operor, -at us, -ari, [f opera-], 1. v. 
dep., be busied. — Esp. p.p., en- 
gaged in (rites), sacrificing. 



194 



Vocabulary. 



Opheltes, -ae, [Gr. 'O^'At^s], m., 
' a Trojan, father of Euryalus. 

opimus, -a, -um, [stern akin to 
ops+mus], adj., fruitful, rich, 
fertile : arva ; dapes. — Esp. : 
spolia {princely, technically of 
spoils taken by a commander-in- 
chief from a commander-in-chief 
in personal combat) . 

Opis, Opis, [Gr. T n?ris], f . : I. A 
nymph of Diana ; 2. A naiad. 

oportet, oportuit, no sup., opor- 
tere, [?, cf. opportunus], 2. v. 

impersonal, it behooves, it befits, 
one ought. 
opperior, -peritus (-pertus), -pe- 
rlri, [ob-perior, cf. experior], 

4. v. dep., wait for, await, expect. 

oppeto, -petlvl (-il), -petitum, 
-petere, [ob-peto], 3. v. a., fall 
to, fall upon, assail, meet, encoun- 
ter. — Esp. (sc. mortem), fall, 
perish, be slain, 7)ieet death. 

oppidum, -I, [prob. ob-pedum, 
solid ground (cf. Gr. irehov and 
oppido)], n., {a fastness ?), a 
town (fortified, as opposed to a 
mere hamlet or a large city), a city. 

— Fig., of bees, fortress, abode. 
oppono, -posui, -positum, -po- 

nere, [ob-pono], 3. v. a., place 
toivards, set against, array against. 

— In pass., or with reflexive, turn 
against, set one's self in the way, 
offer one's self, expose one's self 
oppose, stand in the way, face 
(something). — oppositus, -a, 
-urn, p.p., opposing, coining in the 
way, in opposition, facing, in front, 
before one, opposite, resisting. 

opportunus, -a, -um, [ob-portu- 
nus, cf. importunus], adj., op- 
portune, fit, favorable, well suited, 
advantageous. 

oppositus, -a, -um, p.p. of oppono. 

oppressus, -a, -um, p.p. of op- 
primo J 

oppugno, -avi, -atum, -are, [ob- 
pugno], I. v. a. and n., fight 
against, attack, assail, lay siege to. 

Ops, opis, [V°P as stem, cf. op- 
timus, opto], f. sing. (exc. nom.), 



wealth, means, aid, help, assistance : 
non opis est nostrae (il is not 
in our power) . — Personified, the 
goddess of plenty and resources. 

— Plur., means, resources, power,- 
riches, 7? light. 

optato [abl. of optatus], adv., 
opportunely, as one could wish. 

optatus, -a, -um, p.p. of opto. 

optimus, -a, -um; see bonus. 

opto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fopto- 
(p.p. of y'op, cf. Ops, optimus)], 
I. v. a., wish, desire, long, long 
for, — pray, hope, choose, prefer. 

opulentia, -ae, [fopulent + ia], f., 
wealth, riches. 

opulentus, -a, -um, [fop- (as if 
opu-) + lentus], adj., wealthy, 
rich. 

opus, -eris, [unc. root + us], n., 
work (in reference to its results, 
cf. labor), labor, toil, activity. — 
Concretely, a work, a task, a labor, 
an undertaking, an employment, 
a deed ox action. — Of the result, a 
work, a production : operum labor 
{the labor, as a burden, of the 
works, as a production). 

opus [same word as preceding, pet- 
rified as a predicate], indecl. (with 
esse expr. or implied), there is 
need, one needs, one requires : non 
niihi opus est, / need not. 

ora, -ae, [?], f., an edge, a border, 
a?i extremity: loricae (joints). 

— Hence, a coast (the extreme 
edge, cf. litus, the whole shore), 
a shore. — Less exactly, from the 
maritime habits of the ancients, a 
country, a region, a shore : lumi- 
nis orae (the regions of light, as 
opposed to the world below). 

oraculum, -I,[fora- (of oro, speak) 
+ culum], n.,(an announcement) . 

— Esp. of the gods, a response, 
prophetic words, a prophecy, in- 
spired words, a divine command. 

— Less exactly, an oracle (place 
or source of prophetic words) . 

orator, -oris, [fora (of oro) + 
tor], m., a speaker. — Also (cf. 
oro), an embassador, a messenger. 



Vocabulary. 



195 



orbis, -is, [?], m., a circle, a circuit, 
a course (circular), a ring, a disc, 
a wheel, a winding: oculorum 
{ball ) . — Esp., a region, the circle 
of the world, the world, the heav- 
ens. — Also, a circular cluster. — 
Fig., a cycle (of time), a revolu- 
tion (of the heavenly bodies). 

orbita, -ae, [forbi + ta (cf. Gr. 
-T77S)], f., a track, a path. 

orbus, -a, -um, [cf. Gr. bp<pav6s~\, 
adj., deprived, bereft. 

orchas, -adis, [Gr. opxas], f., an 
olive (of a peculiar kind) . 

Oreus, -I, [perh. akin to arceo], 
m., a god of the lower world 
identified with Pluto, Death. — 
Also, the world below, Hades. 

ordior, orsus, ordiri, [fordi-, 
cf. ordo], 4. v. dep., begin, com- 
mence, undertake, enter upon. — 
Esp., begin (to speak). — orsus, 
-a, -um, p.p., beginning. — Neut. 
plur., undertakings. — Also (cf. 
ordior), words, speech. 

ordo, -inis, [fordi- (whence or- 
dior, cf. exordium) + o], m., 
a row, a rank, a series, a line. 
— Abstractly, order, array, ar- 
rangement, sequence: uno habe- 
tis Achivos {estimation) ; fa- 
torum {fixed orde7^); vertitur 
{succession of events) . — Phrases : 
ordine, regularly, in detail ; ex 
ordine, continuotisly ; in ordine, 
in regular series. 

Oreades, -um, [Gr. 'Opezas], f. pi., 
mountain-nymphs. 

Orestes, -ae (-is), [Gr. 'Opeo-r^s], 
m., the son of Agamemnon. He 
killed his mother Clytemnestra, 
and was driven mad by the Furies. 
His career was a favorite subject 
for the dramatic art. 

orgia, -orum, [Gr. opyia], n. plur., 
the orgies (feast of Bacchus, cele- 
brated with wild frenzied revelry) , 
fast of Bacchus. 

orichalcum, -1, [Gr. opeixaA/cos], 
n., mountain bronze (a peculiar 
mixture of copper used by the an- 
cients) . 



Oricius, -a, -um, [fOrico- (re* 
duced) -f ius], adj., of Oricum (a 
town of Epirus). — Less exactly, 
of Epirus. 

origo, -inis, [fori- (of orior) -f- 
go, cf. imago], f., a beginning, 
an origin, a source, a common 
cement, a first production, a birth. 

— Also, a race, a stock, — an an- 
cestor, a progenitor. — Phrase : ab 
origine, from the foundation, ut- 

^ terly, root and branch. 

Orion, -onis (-onis), [Gr. \QpiW], 
m., a mythic hunter of antiquity 
placed in the heavens as a constel- 
lation. — Also, Orion (the constel- 
lation, whose rising and setting 
were attended by storms). 

orior, ortus, oriri, [ ?, cf. Gr. opvv- 
Holl], 3. and 4. v. dep., rise, begin, 
appear, originate, be born, spring. 

— oriens, -entis, p., rising. — As 
subst., the rising sun, the dawn, 
the East, the East (country). 

Orlthyla, -ae, [Gr. TipziQvia], f., 
a daughter of King Erechtheus of 
Athens. 

ornatus, -us, [f orna- (of orno) + 
tus], m., ador?iment, ornament, 
attire, ornaments (collectively, of 
a headdress). 

ornatus, -a, -um, p.p. of orno. 

orno, -avi, -atum, -are, [prob. fr. * 
astern in -no-, of unc. root], i.v.a., 
adorn, deck, equip, furnish. 

ornus, -i, [?], f., an ash-tree, an 
ash. 

Ornytus, -1, [?], m., an Etruscan. 

oro, -avi, -atum, -are, [for-(os)], 
I. v. a. and n., {speak), plead, beg, 
beseech, entreat,. i??iplore, beg for, 
supplicate. 

Orodes, -is, [Gr. 'Opo^s], m., a 
warrior in the army of ^Eneas. 

Orontes, -is (-1), [Gr. 'OpoW^s], 
m. : 1. A river of Syria; 2. The 
commander of ^Eneas' Lycian al- 
lies. 

Orpheus, -ei (-eos), [Gr. 'Op^eus], 
m., a mythic bard of antiquity. He 
rescued his wife from the world 
below by his skill in music, but 



196 



Vocabulary. 



was afterwards torn in pieces by 
the Thracian women. 

orsa, see ordior. 

Qrses, -is, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Orsilochus, -I, [Gr.], m., a Trojan. 

orsus, -a, -um, p.p. of ordior. 

ortus, -a, -um, p.p. of orior. 

.ortus, -us, [ V or (°f orior) + tus], 
m., a rising, the daw it. 

Ortygia, -ae, [Gr. 'Oprvyia, Quail 
island], f . : 1. A name of Delos ; 
2. An island in the harbor of Syra- 
cuse, forming part of the city. 

Ortygius, -1, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

os, oris, [?], n., the mouth. — Less 
exactly, the face, the countenance, 
the lips, the jaws ; language, words, 
speech : ante ora (before the eyes) ; 
ora discordia {language) ; ma- 
nus inter -que ora {under the 
hands and before the face) ; ora 
exsertans {head)-, virum dif- 
fundit in ora {spread abroad in 
the mouths of men) ; ora implet 
{ears) ; formidinis ora {phan- 
toms) ; tria Dianae {forms) ; 
tali ore locutus {words) ; uno 
ore {with one accord)-, magno 
ore {voice). — Often it may be 
omitted with words of speech. — 
Less exactly, an opening, mouth 
(of a river-), aperture, head (of an 
ulcer). 

os, ossis, [cf. Gr. utrreov], n., a 
bone. — Plur., the bones, the frame, 
the inmost frame, the remains. 

Osci, -orum, [?], m. pi., the early 
inhabitants of Campania, the Os- 
cans. 

oscillum, -i, [fosculo + lum], n., 
a little face, a little mask. 

osculum, -1, [fos + culum, dim.], 
n., a lip, the mouth, a kiss. 



Oslnius, -1 (-11), [?], m., a king of 
Clusium. 

Osiris, -idis (-is), [Gr. ^Oaipis], 
m. : 1. An Egyptian divinity ; 2. A 
Rutulian. 

Ossa, -ae, [Gr. ''Oa tree], f., a moun- 
tain of Thessaly. 

ostendo, -tendl, -tensum (-ten- 
tum), -tendere, [obs-tendo], 
3. v. a., stretch before, stretch out, 
expose, raise, show, exhibit, point 
out. — With reflexive or in pass., 
show one' 1 s self, appear. 

ostento, -avi, -atum, -are, [obs- 
tento, cf. ostendo], 1. v. 2,., show, 
display, point out. 

ostium, -I (-ii), [perh.akinto os], 
n., the mouth. — Less exactly, a 
door, a gate, an entrance. — Plur., 
the mouth (of a river), a harbor. 

ostrifer, -era, -erum, [f ostro-fer 
( ^/fer + us) ], adj., oyster-bearing, 
rich in oysters. 

ostrum, -1, [prob. borrowed fr. Gr. 
uarpeoi/'], n., {a shell-fish). — Less 
exactly, purple (a color made from 
the fish), purp/e (purple fabrics). 

Othryades, -ae, [Gr. 'OOpudSTjs'], 
m., son of Olhrys. 

Othrys, -yos, [Gr. "Odpvs], m., a 
mountain in Thessaly. 

otium, -I (-ii), [?], n., rest, ease, 
idleness, quiet, leisure, repose. 

ovlle, -is, [fovi- (lengthened) +le (n. 
of lis), prop, adj.], n., a sheep-fold. 

ovis, -is, [cf. Gr. lis, Eng. ewe], f., 
a^sheep. 

ovo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ ?], 1. v. n., 
rejoice, triumph, exult, express 
one's joy. — ovans, -antis, p. as 
adj., rejoicing, delighted, glad. 

ovum, -I, [prob. akin to avis, cf. 
Gr. q)qv], n., an egg. 



pabulum, -i, [as if A /P a ( m pasco) 
+ bulum, but cf. cingulum and 
ferculum], n., food, fodder, pas- 
turage, nourishment. 

pacatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of paco. 

Pachynus (-um),-i, [Gr. Yl&xvvos], 



m. and n. (f.), the southeastern ex- 
tremity of Sicily {Capo di Passaro). 
pacifer, -era, -erum, [f pac- (as if 
paci-) -fer {^Jizr H- us)], adj., 
peace-bringing : oliva {peaceful, 
the emblem of peace). 



Vocabulary. 



197 



pacisco, no perf., pactum, pa- 
ciscere, [VP ac ^ bind, cf. obs. 
paco, pax, pecus], 3. v. a., (ar- 
chaic exc. p.p.), agree, bargain, 
agree upon, promise. — pactus, 
-a, -um, p.p., stipulated, agreed 
upon, betrothed, promised, plighted. 

— Fem., a bride, an affianced ivife, 
a betrothed (wife). — Neut., an 
agreement. — Less exactly (in abl.), 
a manner, means, a zuay, a method. 

— paciscor, pass, as dep., bar- 
gain, stipulate, agree, barter : vi- 
tam pro laude ; letum pro laude 
{pay the price of) . 

paciscor, see pacisco. 

paco, -avl, -atum, -are, [fpac-], 
I. v. a., reduce to peace, give peace 
to. — pacatus, -a, -um, p.p., 
brought to peace, peaceful, freed 
from war. 

Pactolus, -1, [Gr. TIclktcoXos'], m., a 
river of Lydia famous for its gold. 

pactum, see pacisco. 

pactus, -a, -um, p.p. of pacisco. 

Padus, -I, [?], m., the Po, the fa- 
mous river of Northern Italy. 

Padusa, -ae, [akin to Padus], f., 
an artificial mouth of the Po, or 
canal, running into the Adriatic 
near Ravenna. 

Paean, -anis, [Gr. Uaidu, Tlaidov~\, 
m., the physician of the gods; also 
used as a name of Apollo, — Also, 
a hymn to Apollo, a hymn (to any 
deity), a song of triwnph, a song 
of th a nksgiving. 

paene (pene), [?], adv., almost, 
nearly, all but. 

paenitet, -uit, no sup., -ere, [adj.- 
stem akin to poena], 2. v. a. im- 
pers., it repents. — Translated by 
a change of construction, one re- 
pents, regrets, is ashamed, dis- 
dains. 

Paeonius, -a, -um, [Gr. TLaidbi/ios, 
cf. Paean], adj., of P&on (the god 
of medicine) : Paeonium in mo- 
rem {in medical guise). — Less 
exactly, medicinal. 

Paestum, -i, [Gr. Ua7arov~\, n., a 
city of Lucania, formerly called 



Po si do nia, famed for its roses. 
Pagasus, -I, [?], m., an Etruscan. 
pagina, -ae, [fpagi- (as root, in 

pango) + na (f. of -nus)], f., a 

leaf (of a book), a page. 
pagus, -1, [perh. akin to pango], 

m., a village (unwalled, cf. oppi- 

dum) ox farming district, a town. 
Palaemon, -onis, [Gr. UaKaijjiwv'], 

m., a son of Athamas and Ino, 

changed to a sea-god. A shepherd. 
palaestra, -ae, [Gr. iraXaia-rpa], {., 

a pa Ices tr a or place for wrestling. 

— Less exactly, wrestling, games 
(in which wrestling predominated) . 

palam [unc. case-form (cf. clam, 
coram), perh. akin to palea, 
pal or], adv., openly. 

Palamedes, -is, [Gr. ITaAa^S^s], 
m., a famous Grecian hero of the 
Trojan war. 

palans, -tis, wandering, straggling. 

Palatums, -a, -um, [fPalatio- 
(reduced) + inus], adj., of the 
Palatine (the famous hillat Rome) . 

Palatium, -I (-ii), [fpalato- (re- 
duced) + ium (n. of ius)], n., the 
Palatine hill (on which was the 
imperial residence of Augustus). 

— From association, a palace. 
palatum (-us), -1, [?, akin to pa- 
lea, palor, the broad canopy of 
the mouth?], n. and m., {a broad 
canopy, archaic). — Esp., the roof 
of the mouth, the palate. 

palea, -ae, [perh. akin to palor, 
palam], f., chaff (as scattered 
abroad?). 

palear, -aris, [fpalea- (or stem 
akin) + re (reduced, n. of ris)], 
n., the dewlap (of cattle). 

Pales, -is, [?, y'pal (in palea, 
palor) + is (-es)], f. (anciently 
m.), the divinity of shepherds (of 
the wandering flocks?). 

Palicus, -1, [?], m., the name of 
two sons of Jupiter deified in Sicily. 

Palinurus, -I, [Gr. TlaKiuovpos] , 
m., the pilot of yEneas, murdered 
on the coast of Italy after swim- 
ming to land. 

paliurus, -1, [Gr. Tra\iovpos~], m., 



198 



Vocabulary. 



a thorn-bush (said to be the Rharn- 
nus paliurus). 

palla, -ae, [ ?], f., a robe (for women, 
of somewhat uncertain nature, 
prob. a mantle or shawl of varying 
size, sometimes, when confined by 
a girdle, taking the place of an 
undergarment). 

Palladius, -a, -um, [Gr. naAAa- 
Stos], adj., of Pallas. — Neut. (cf. 
Gr. YlaWaSiov) , a statue of Pallas. 

— Esp., the Palladium (or statue 
of Pallas in Troy, stolen by Ulysses 
and Diomede). 

Pallanteus (-ius), -a, -um, [fPal- 
lant + eus], adj., of Pallas (an 
ancient king of Arcadia) . — Less 
exactly, of Pallanteum : moenia. 

— Neut., Pallanteum, a. city of 
Arcadia whence Evander came to 
Italy. — Also, the city built by him 
in Italy on the site of Rome. 

Pallas, -aclis, [Gr. IlaAAas], f., the 
Grecian divinity identified by the 
Romans with Minerva, a goddess 
of war and of household arts and 
of learning, the discoverer of the 
olive. 

Pallas, -antis, [Gr. 71-aAAas, a young 
man], m., the son of Evander, 
killed by Turnus while fighting for 
^Eneas; 2. An Arcadian. 

Pallene, -es, [Gr. TlaWyvo], f., a 
peninsula of Macedonia whence 
came Proteus the sea-god. 

palleo, pallui, no sup., pallere, 
[tpallo-, cf. pallidus], 2. v. n., 
be pale, be pallid. — pallens, 
-entis, p. as adj., pale, pallid, 
colorless, pale green, blue, gray, &c. 

pallidus, -a, -um, [tpallo- (cf. 
palleo) -f dus], adj., pale, pallid, 
colorless, wan. 

pallor, -oris, [pall- (as root of 
palleo) -for], m., paleness, pallor. 

palma, -ae, [perh. y'pal (cf. pa- 
lea, palor) -f ma, but cf. Gr. 
ira\dur}~], f., the palm (of the hand), 
the hand. — Also, from the shape 
of the leaf, the palm-tree, the palm, 
a palm branch. — Fig., victory, a 
prize (of victory), a victor. 



palmes, -itis, [perh. akin to pal- 
ma], m., a yoting shoot or branch 
(of the vine), a vine. 

palmosus, -a, -um, [f palma- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., abounding 
in palms, palm-grown, palmy. 

palmula, -ae, [fpalmo- (cf. pal- 
ma) -f la], f., an oar -blade. 

Palmus, -1, [?], m., an Etrurian 
slain by Mezentius. 

palumbes, -is, [?], m. and f., a 
wood-pigeon. 

paliis, -udis, [?], f., a marsh, a 
pool, a lake, water (stagnant). 

paluster (-tris), -tris, -tre, [fpa- 
lud+tris (reduced)], adj., marshy, 
of the marsh. 

pampineus, -a, -um, [fpampind- 
( reduced) -f ens], adj., of vine 
leaves, vine-wreathed: auctunmus 
(crozvned with vine leaves) . 

pampinus, -I, [ ?], m. and f., a vine 
leaf, a vine shoot, a vine branch. 

Pan, -os, [Gr. Tldv], m., the god of 
shepherds, represented as half goat 
and playing on the syrinx. 

panacea, -ae, [Gr. iravaKeia}, f., 
panacea (an herb famed for its all- 
healing properties) . 

Panchaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. ria7- 
Xata], adj., of Panchcea (an island 
of Arabia famous for its frankin- 
cense). — Fem. Panchaia, the 
island itself. 

Pandarus, -I, [Gr. Uaudapos'], m. : 
I. A Lycian archer who shot an 
arrow among the Greeks, and thus 
broke the treaty between them and 
the Trojans ; 2. A companion of 
^Eneas. 

pando, pandi, pansnm (pas- 
sum), pandere, [?], 3. v. a., 
spread out, unfold, extend, spread, 
expose, open, lay ope7i. — In pass, 
or with reflexive, extend, lie open. 
— Fig., shozv, disclose, unfold, lay 
open, expose, relate, reveal. — pas- 
sus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., spread, 
extended, dishevelled (of hair), 
dried (spread in the sun) . — Neut., 
raisi7i wine (made of grapes 
spread to dry in the sun) . 



Vocabulary. 



199 



pandus, -a, -um, [prob. pand (as 
root of pando) + us], adj., bent, 
curved: lances (hollow, bent in- 
wards) . 

Pangaea, -orum (-us, -1), [Gr. 
Udyyaiop'], n. plur., a mountain- 
range between Macedonia and 
Thrace. 

pango, panxi (pegl, pepigl), 
pane turn (pactum), pangere, 
[ VP a g> °f • ^ r - "irhywph perh. pax, 
paciscor], 3. v. a., fasten, fix. — 
Fig., agree upon, appoint (by agree- 
ment), contract (a treaty or alli- 
ance). — Also, put together, con- 
trive. 

Panopea, -ae, (Panope-, -es), 
[Gr. TlavoTrri], f., a sea-nymph. 

Panopes, -is, [Gr. Tiav6vr\] 9 m., an 
attendant of Acestes. 

Pantagias, -ae, [Gr. Uavrayias'], 
m., a river of Sicily. 

panthera, -ae, [Gr. ir&vBrip], f., 
a panther, especially sacred to 
Bacchus. 

Panthus, -1, [Gr. Yl&vQoos], m., a 
Trojan priest of Apollo, father of 
Euphorbus. 

papaver, -eris, [?], n., a poppy. 
— -Used loosely for the juice in a 
medical form, poppy. 

Paphius, -a, -um, [Gr. Tld<pios~], 
adj., of Paphos, Paphian. — Less 
exactly, of Venus. 

Paphos (-us), -I, [Gr. llanos], f., 
a city of Cyprus famous for an 
ancient temple of Venus. 

papilla, -ae, [fpapula + la], f., a 
nipple, the breast. 

papula, -ae, [?], f., a pimple. 

par, paris, [?, perh. akin to paro, 
pario, as equivalent in barter], 
adj., equal, no less, like, well- 
matched, corresponding, even : ae- 
tas {the same) ; discurrere pares 
(in equal numbers') ; alae (even); 
leges (impartial). 

paratus, -a, -um, p.p. of paro. 

Parcae, -arum, [?, prob. akin to 
parco], f. plur., the Fates, god- 
desses of birth and death (Nona, 
Decuma, and Morta), and so the 



arbiters of human destiny, identi- 
fied with the Greek Mo?pcu (Clotho, 
Lachesis, and Atropos) . 

parce [abl. of parcus], adj., spar- 
ingly, carefully. 

parco, peperci (pars!), parci- 
tum (parsum), parcere, [?], 
3. v. n. and a., spare (refrain from 
using), be sparing of save, hus- 
band, refrain from .(as if from 
using) , forbear, cease, restrain : 
futuro (be prudent, take thought 
for) ; parcite Rutuli (hold !) ; 
flatibus Euri (spare, deal gently 
with). — Also, spare (refrain from 
destroying as if from wasting), 
preserve. — Active, save, keep : 
talenta natis. 

parcus, -a, -um, [akin to parco], 
adj., frugal, sparing, thrifty. — 
Transferred, scanty, a little. 

parens, -entis, [aorist part, of pa- 
rio, cf. 6 T€K.dov~\, comm., a parent, 
a father, a mother, a sire, a dam. 
— Less exactly, an ancestor, a 
forefather. — Fig., of a country : 
magna parens frugum. 

pareo, parul, paritum, parere, 
[?, prob. adj. -stem akin to pario], 
2. v. n., appear, show one's self : 
sidera (be intelligible or well- 
knozun). — Esp., appear (at a sum- 
mons?), obey, be subject to, sub??iit 
to. — parens, -entis, p., obedient. 

paries, -etis, [?], m., a wall (within 
a house, cf. murus, moenia, of 
a city). 

pario, peperl, paritum (par- 
turn), parere, [?, VP 3,1 *' c ^* 
paro, opiparus], 3. v. a., secure, 
procure, win : sibi letum (find a 
?neans of &c.) . — Esp., bring forth, 
bear. — Pass., be bom. — partus, 
-a, -um, p.p., acquired, secured, 
won. — ~Neut.,gain, gathered store, 
acquired gains'. 

Paris, -idis, [Gr. Tlapis], m., the 
son of Priam and Hecuba. He 
awarded the prize of beauty to 
Venus over Juno (Here) and Mi- 
nerva (Pallas), and thus won Helen 
as the most beautiful woman liv- 



200 



Vocabulary. 



ing. He is sometimes represented 
as effeminate and weak, whence 
his name is used as a term of re- 
proach. 

pariter [f pari- (of par) + ter, cf. 
acriter], adv., equally, alike, in 
like manner, not less, as well . . . as, 
together, at the same time : pariter 
cum flamma (no less szvift than). 

Parius, -a, -urn, [Gr. Ildpios'], adj., 
of Par os, Parian. 

parma, -ae, [?], f., a shield (small 
and round), a buckler, a shield (in 
general). 

Parnasius (-assius), -a, -um, [Gr. 
Hapvd(7Los~\, adj., of Parnassus, 
Parnassian. 

Parnasus (-assus), -1, [Gr. Ylap- 
vaa6s~], m., a mountain in Thes- 
saly, the favorite haunt of the 
Muses. 

paro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fparo- 
(cf. opiparus and pareo) ] , I .v. a., 
procure, provide, secure, prepare, 
prepare for, get ready. — Fig., pre- 
pare, begin, endeavor, attefnpt, aim 
at, be about to, intend, arrange : 
parabitur imber (be gathering) ; 
iussa .parat (make the prepara- 
tions ordered). — paratus, -a, 
-um, p.p., prepared, ready, ar- 
ranged. 

Paros, -1, [Gr. Yldpos~], f., one of the 
Cyclades islands, famous for its 
white marble. 

Parrhasius, -a, -um, [Gr. Uappd- 
crios~], adj., of Parrhasia (a town in 
Arcadia). — Less exactly, Arca- 
dian. 

pars, partis, [VP ar ( a kin to eiro- 
pov) + tis (reduced)], f., a part, a 
portion, a share, a place, a region, 
a direction, a side : naturae 
(branch); pacis (a pledge) . — Re- 
peated, one part . . . another, some 
. . . some. 

Parthenius, -I (-ii), [Gr. UapOe- 
pi3s^\, m., a Trojan. 

Parthenius, -a, -um, [Gr. JJapOe- 
vios^\, adj., of Parthenius (a moun- 
tain in Arcadia), Parthenian. 

Parthenopaeus, -f, [Gr. UapOeuo- 



irciios~], m., the son of Atalanta and 
Meleager, who fought in the The- 
ban and Trojan wars. 

Parthenope, -es, # [Gr. YlapBtvo-Kri], 
f., the ancient name of Naples, or 
of the city for which Naples (New 
city) was substituted. 

Parthus, -a, -um, [Gr. Tldpdos], 
adj., Parthian, of the Parthians 
(a nation northeast of the Caspian, 
famous as archers). — Masc. plur., 
the Parthians, the nation itself. 

partim [ace. of pars], adv., partly, 
in part. — Distributing a plur. 
subj. or obj., some . . . others, a 
part . . . a part. 

partio, -Ivi, -Itum, -ire, [fparti- 
(of pars)], 4. v. a., (divide). — 
Pass, as dep., divide, share : curas 
(impart). — partltus, -a, -um, 
p.p. (in pass, sense), divided. 

partitus, -a, -um, p.p. of partio 
and partior. 

parturio, -Ivi (-ii), -Itum, -ire, 
[prob. fparturo- (old fut. p. of 
pario)], 4. v. a. desid., be preg- 
nant, teem, be in bloom. 

partus, -a, -um, p.p. of pario. 

partus, -us, [-^/par (in pario) + 
tus], m., birth, bearing, delivery, 
motherhood. — Concr., offspring. 

parum [ace. of stem akin to par- 
vus], adv., little, not jnuch, not 
very : laetus (far from). 

parumper [parum-per (cf. nuper, 
semper)], adv., a little while, for 
a moment. 

parvulus, -a, -um, [fparvo+lus], 
adj., little, small. 

parvus, -a, -um, [^/par (cf. par- 
ous, pars) + vus], adj., small, 
little, slender, slight, trifling, hum- 
ble : pabula . (bits of) . — Neut, 
a little, -humble circumstances, a 
small thing. — Abl., a s?nall price, 
small cost. 

pasco, pavi, pastum, pascere, 
[y'pa-j- sco], 3. v. a. and n., pas- 
ture, feed, tend. — Less exactly, 
nourish, feed, foster, support, grow 
(act.). — Intrans., graze, feed, 
browse. — Pass, as dep., graze, feed, 



Vocabulary. 



20 1 



feed on, pluck. — Less exactly (of 
flame, &c), be fed, be supplied with 
food, play around. 

pascuum. -I, [n. of adj., akin to 
pasco, cf. nocuus], n., pasture- 
land, pasture. 

Pasiphae, -es, [Gr. naen^cwj], f., 
the daughter of Minos, king of 
Crete, the mother of the Minotaur. 

passim [ace. of passis (^/padH- 
tis, cf. pando)], adv., far and 
wide, all around, everywhere ^ here 
and there, in all directions. 

passus, -a, -um, p.p. of pando. 

passus, -a, -urn, p.p. of patior. 

passus, -us, [^/pad+tus], m., a 
step : longi passus {a long dis- 
tance). 

pastor, -oris, [ VP a (with unc. s, 
cf. lustrum) + tor (cf. pasco)], 
m., a shepherd, a herdsman : Phry- 
gius (i.e. Paris). 

pastoralis, -e, [f pastor + alis], 
adj., of shepherds : myrtus {the 
shepherds' 1 ). 

pastus, -a, -um, p.p. of pasco and 
pascor. 

pastus, -us, [VP a (with unc. s, cf. 
pastor) +tus], m., feeding, pas- 
ture. — Concretely, a pasture. 

Patavium, -I (-ii), [?], n., Padua 
(a city near the Adriatic, founded 
by Anterior). 

patefacio, -feci, -factum, -face- 
re, [unc. stem (akin to pateo) 
-facio], 3. v. a., lay open, open. 

patefactus, -a, -um, p.p. of pate- 
facio. 

pateo, patui, no sup., patere, 
[fpato- (cf. patulus), VP a ^» 
akin to TrsTOLvvuuai'], 2. v. n., lie 
open, be opened, be open, open, be 
extended, extend, be exposed : Tar- 
tarus {yawn). — Fig., appear, be 
disclosed. — patens, -entis, p., 
wide, open, free. 

pater, -tris, [ ^/pa (in potis) + 
ter, cf. mater], m., a father, a 
sire, an ancestor, a forefather, a 
parent. — As*a term of respect or 
worship, of gods, kings, ancient 
worthies, &c, father, venerable 



sire, venerable. — Alone of Jupiter 
and Vulcan, also of yEneas : Teu- 
crum (as the father of his people); 
Oceanus rerum ( parent) . — Also 
usually in plur., the nobles, chiefs, 
the senate, the elders : pater Ro- 
manus {the Roman senate) . 

patera, -ae, [akin to pateo, cf. ira- 
tolvt], patina], f., a bozul (flat like 
a saucer, for libations), a plate, a 
cup (for drinking). 

paternus, -a, -um, [fpater- (un- 
syncopated) + nus], adj., of a 
father, paternal, hereditary, an- 
cestral. 

patesco, -111, no sup., -escere, 
[f pate- (of pateo) + sco] , 3. v. n., 
lie open. — Fig., be disclosed, be- 
come manifest. 

patior, passus, pati, [^/pat, prob. 
akin to 7racrxa>], 3. v. dep., suffer, 
endure, bear, undergo. — Also, 
tolerate, have to bear, suffer, allow, 
permit. — Absolutely, live in suf- 
fering: lituos {become inured to) . 
— patiens, -entis, p. as adj., 
capable of enduring, endtiring, 
submissive to, patient, trained to, 
broken to. 

patrius, -a, -um, [fpater (synco- 
pated) + ius], adj., of a father, a 
father 's, of one's ancestors, ances- 
tral, filial (paid to a parent) . — 
Also used as adj. of patria (see 
below), of one's country, national, 
native. — Fern. (sc. terra), one's 
country, a country (of one's own), 
home, native city, native country. 

Patron, -onis, [?],m., an Acarna- 
nian in the company of /Eneas. 

patruus, -I, [fpater (syncopated) 
+ uus], m., an ttnele (on the 
father's side, cf. avunculus, a 
mother's brother). 

patulus, -a, -um, [fpato- (cf. pa- 
teo) lus], adj., spreading, wide, 
broad, flat. 

paucus, -a, -um, [?], adj. (mostly 
plur.), a few (only),/kc;. — Masc. 
plur., a few, few. — Neut. plur., a 
few things, a fezv words. — Abl., 
briefly, in a few words. 



202 



Vocabulary. 



paulatim [fpaulo- (reduced) + 
atim, cf. catervatim], adv., little 
by little, gradually, slowly, by de- 
grees, 

paulisper [unc. form of fpaulo + 
per, cf. nuper], adv., a little 
while, for a while, a while. 

paulus, -a, -um, [?, akin to pau- 
cus], adj., a little. — paulo, abl. 
as adv., a little, somewhat. — pau- 
lum, ace. as adv., a little, a while-, 
a moment. 

pauper, -eris, [?], adj., poor, in 
humble circumstances, in poverty, 
humble, lowly. — Masc, a poor 
man. 

pauperies, -ei, [f pauper + ies], 
f., poverty, humble circumstances. 

pausia (-ea), -ae, [?], f., an olive 
(of a special kind) . 

pavidus, -a, -um, [fpavo-, of unc. 
kin., cf. paveo], adj., timid, trem- 
bling, frightened, in alarm, awed, 
azve-stricken, in azve, anxious. 

pavito, -avi, -atum, -are, [f pa- 
vito- (as p.p. of paveo)], I. v. n., 
tremble (with fear). 

pavor, -oris, [y'pav (cf. paveo) 
+ or], m., fear, terror, dread, 
anxiety : pavor pulsans {anxious 
throbbing) . 

pax, pacis, [VP ac ( m paciscor, 
perh. pecus)], f., peace, pardon, 
favor. — pace, abl., by permission. 

peccatum, -I, [n. p.p: of pecco], 
n.,a sin, a fault, a crime. 

pecc5, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 
I. v. n., sin, err, do wrong. 

pecten, -inis, [pect (as root of 
pecto) + en (cf. unguen)], m., a 
comb. — From similarity, a sley or 
reed (the instrument by which the 
thread is beaten into place) . — 
Perhaps from some earlier form of 
the instrument, a quill or plectru?n 
(with which the strings of the lyre 
were struck). 

pecto, pexi (pexui), pexum 
(pectitum), pectere, [ ^/pec (cf. 
plecto), akin to 7re'/ca>], 3. v. a., 
comb. 

pectus, -oris, [perh. akin to pecto, 



cf. pectinatus, sloping both ways'], 
n., the breast-bone, the breast, the 
chest. — Fig., for both soul and 
mind (cf. Eng. heart, head), sup- 
posed by the ancients to be situ- 
ated in the chest, the mind, wis- 
dom, the heart, the soul, courage. 

pecuarius, -a, -um, [fpecu + 
arius], adj., of cattle. — Neut. pi., 
herds. 

peculium, -i (-ii), [fpeculi (fpecu 
+ lis) + ium], n., (a slave's cat- 
tle), property (of a slave). 

pecus, -oris, [prob. ^/pac, bind (in 
paciscor) -f us], n., cattle, a 
flock, a herd, a stud, sheep. — Less 
exactly, a herd (of wild animals), 
a szuarm. 

pecus, pecudis, [prob, fpecu + 
dus (reduced)], m. and f., a beast 
(of any kind of cattle), a brute. — 
'Esp., a sheep, a victim (for sacri- 
fice). — Plur., beasts, brutes, flocks, 
herds. 

pedes, -itis, [f ped (as if .pedi-) + 
tis, or -tus (reduced)], comm. or 
adj., on foot, a foot-soldier. — Col- 
lectively or in plur., infantry, foot- 
soldiers, the foot. 

pedester (-tris), -tris, -tre, [fpe- 
dit -f tris], adj., of the foot (sol- 
diers) : acies {of the foot); pugna 
{infantry). 

pedica, -ae, [f ped (as if pedi-) + 
ca, cf. manica], f., a fetter, a 
slip-noose, a springe, 

pedum, -i, [perh. akin to pes], n., 
a crook (of a shepherd), a staff 
(with a hooked end). 

Pegasus, -i, [Gr. Urj-yaaos'], m., the 
winged horse of the Muses. 

peior, see malus. 

pelagus, -i, [Gr. irtAayos'], n., the 
sea, a sea, the deep. 

Pelasgus, -a, -um, [Gr. rieAao-yof], 
adj., Grecian (from the supposed 
ancient inhabitants). — Masc. pi., 
the Greeks. 

Pelethronii, -drum, [Gr. ITeAe- 
dpovioi], m. plur., a name of the 
Lapithae from a town or tribe in 
Thessaly where the Lapithae dwelt. 



Vocabulary. 



203 



Pelias, -ae, [Gr. rieAias], m., a 
Trojan. 

Pelides, -ae, [Gr. Tlr\\el§7)s'], m., #?« 
{descendant) of Peleus. — Esp., of 
Achilles his son, and Pyrrhus his 
grandson. 

Pelion, -ii, [Gr. n^Atoy], n., a 
mountain of Thessaly, fabled to 
have been used by the giants in 
scaling Olympus. Saturn also fled 
thither in the form of a horse. 

Pellaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. rieAAouos], 
adj., of Pella (the birthplace of 
Alexander of Macedon). — Also, 
Alexaitdrian (of Alexandria in 
Egypt, founded by Alexander) . — 
Less exactly, Egyptian. 

pellax, -acis, [per -lax (root of 
lacio as stem, cf. pellicio], adj., 
alluring, enticing, deceitful. 

pellis, -is, [akin to 7reAAa, 7reAas], 
f., a skin, a hide. 

pello, pepuli, pulsum, pellere, 
[?, akin to 7raAAw], 3. v. a., strike, 
thrust, beat. — Also of the effect, 
drive away, drive back, overcome, 

■ conquer, beat, chase, repel, repulse, 
expel, banish, reject. — Fig., dis- 
pel, banish, remove, drive out : 
lacrimas (dry up) ; pestis pulsa 
(heal); hiemem (put to flight). 
— Also, set in motion, move, im- 
pel, strike. — pulsus, -a, -um, p.p. 
in all meanings. — Also, echoing, 
clashing, flying, a fugitive, strick- 
en : quo amor nostri (whither 
fled, &c). 

Pelopeius, -a, -um, [Gr. ITeAo- 
ir7]ios], adj., of Pelops : moenia (of 
Argos, the chief city of the Pelo- 
ponnesus). 

Pelops, -opis, [Gr. neAo^], m., the 
son of Tantalus and father of 
Atreus. He was served up as food 
for the gods by his father, restored 
to life by Jupiter, and furnished 
with an ivory shoulder in place of 
the one eaten at the banquet. He 
gained control of the Pelopon- 
nesus, which was named for him. 

Pelorus (-um), -1, [Gr. IIeAa>pos], 
m. and n., a promontory on the 



northeast coast of Sicily, now Capo 
di Faro, one of the headlands of 
the Straits of Messina. 

pelta, -ae, [Gr. weAr^], f., a shield 
(small and light and curved, used 
by barbarians, cf. clipeus, the 
round shield of the Greeks, and 
scutum, the oblong shield of the' 
Romans) . 

Pelusiacus, -a, -um, [Gr. n^Aou- 
uncos'], adj., of Pelusium (a city of 
Egypt). — Less exactly, Egyptian. 

penates, -ium, [prob. fpenu- (re- 
duced) + atis, dzvellers in the inner, 
house], m. plur., the Penates, the 
household gods, gods of the house- 
hold, or of the state considered as 
a household. What particular di- 
vinities, if any, they represented is 
uncertain, as is also their relation 
to the Lar or Lares, with whom 
they have much in common. Their 
images, apparently of small size, 
were kept in the interior of the 
house and carried with the family 
in migrations. — Fig., a ho?ne, a 
house, a habitation, an abode, a 
dwelling. 

pendeo, pependi, no sup., pen- 
dere, [fpendo- ( ^pend + us, cf. 
pendulus)], 2. v. n., hang, be sus- 
pended, overhang, hover, lean for- " 
ward, swing, droop, be perched. — 
Also, linger, be suspended (pi work). 

pendo, pependi, pensum, pen- 
dere, [ ?, cf. pendulus, pendeo, 
y'pend], 3. v. a., (hang, suspend). 
— Esp., weigh (hang on steelyards). 
— Fig.,/#y, suffer (a penalty). 

pene, see paene,the proper spelling. 

Peneius, -a, -um, [Gr. Tiy\vir\ios\, 
adj., of the Peneus, Peneian. 

Peneleus, -el (-eos), [Gr. Ut]U€- 
Aeus], m., a leader of the Boeotians 
in the Trojan war. 

penes [prob. ace. n. of adj. -stem 
akin to penitus, penetro], prep., 
in the pozver of: imperium te 
penes (depends 071 you). 

penetrabilis, -e, [fpenetra- (of 
penetro) + bilis] , adj., penetra- 
ble. — Act., piercing, penetrating. 



204 



Vocabulary, 



penetralis, -e, [fpenetro- (cf. 
penetro, reduced) + alis], adj., 
of the interior \ in tier, interior, 
inmost, within. — Neut. plur., the 
interior, the in?nost recesses, the 
inner shrine, a sanctuary. 

penetro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fpene- 
tro- (fpene + trus, cf. penes, 
penitus, penus)], I. v. a., set 
within, put inside. — Without im- 
mediate object, but with ace. of 
end of motion, penetrate, enter, go 
within, make one's way into. 

Peneus, -1, [Gr. Wi\vsi6s~\, m., a 
river of Thessaly flowing through 
the vale of Tempe. 

penitus [stem akin to penes +tus, 
cf. divinitus], adv., from within. 
— Also (cf. liinc), within, par, 
far down, far away, deeply. — Fig., 
utterly, wholly, entirely. 

penna (pin-), -ae, [ ^/pet (inpeto, 
cf. iz'nvr\ixi) + na], f., a wing, a 
feather, a pluine. 

pennatus, -a, -um, [f penna + tus, 
cf. armatus], adj., feathered, 
winged. 

pensuni, -1, [n. p.p. of pernio], n., 
wool (weighed out as a task for 
spinning), a task. 

Penthesiiea, -ae,[Gr. TlevOeo-iAeia], 
f., the queen of the Amazons w.ho 
fought in the Trojan war. 

Pentheus, -el (-eos), [Gr. Tlevdevs'], 
m., a king of Thebes who despised 
the rites of Bacchus, and was torn 
in pieces by his mother and sisters. 
He was also supposed to have been 
driven mad by the Furies, and this 
myth was often dramatically treated. 

penuria, -ae, [?], f., poverty, scar- 
city : edendi {want of food). 

penus, -us (-1), [?, akin to penes, 
penitus, Penates, prob. inner 
store-room^, m. and f., provisions, 
store. 

peplum, -I, [Gr. ic£ , k\ov\, n., a robe 
(for women, a large and splendid 
outer mantle). — Esp., the state 
robe carried in procession at Athens 
and offered to Pallas Athene every 
five years. 



per [petrified case-form, cf. irapa], 
prep., through, by, over, through- 
out, along, among, across, during : 
per aras (by) ; per aures (to) ; 
per annos (for) ; per augurium 
(into).— Fig. (cf. ob), through, 
by means of, by, on account of. — 
In adjurations, by. — As adv. in 
comp., through, thoroughly, over, 
&c, see perago, pereurro, per- 
eo, perfidus. 

peractus, -a, -um, p.p. of perago. 

perago, -egi, -actum, -agere, 
[per-ago], 3. v. a.., pe? form (to the 
end), finish, complete, accomplish - ). 
— Also, go over (cf. ago), con- 
sider.^ 

peragro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fper- 
agro- (cf. peregre, peregrinus)] , 
I. v. a., wander over, roam over, 
traverse, prozvl around. 

percello, -culi, -culsum, -cellere, 
[per-fcello (cf. proeella, ce- 
lox)], 3. v. a., strike (through), 
strike down, fell, overwhelm. — ■ 
Fig., lay prostrate. — Also, move, 
affect, strike. — perculsus, -a, 
-um, p.p., stricken, smitten, filled, 
inspired. 

percipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipere, 
[per-capio], 3. v. a., take in, 
gather, receive. — Fig., hear, no- 
tice, tinder stand, learn. 

perculsus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
cello. ^ 

pereurro, -cucurri(-curri), -cur- 
sum, -currere, [per-curro], 3. 
v. a., run over or through (lit. and 
fig.) : nomina ; pectin e telas ; 
nimbos (pierce, traverse). 

percussus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
cutio.^ 

percutio, -cussi, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [per-quatio], 3. v. a., strike 
(with violence), beat. — Fig., strike, 
ni ove, affect. 

perditus, -a, -um, p.p. of perdo. 

perdo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, [per- 
do, cf. pereo, intereo, and Gr. 
7re/ot], 3. v. a., destroy, ruin. — Also, 
lose. — perditus, -a, -um, p.p.* as 
adj., ruined, desperate, wretched. 



Vocabulary. 



205 



perduco, -duxf, -duetum, -da- 
cere, [per-duco], 3. v. a., lead to, 
bring to. — Also, cover over, anoint. 

peredo, -edl, -esum, -edere, [per- 
edo], 3. v. a., devour, consume, 
waste away, gnaw. 

peregrinus, -a, -um, [fperegro- 
(cf. peregre) + inus], adj., from 
far away, from abroad, foreign. 

pereniptus> -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
imo. 

perennis (-ennius), -e, [per-fan- 
no- (weakened and decl. as adj.)], 
adj., eternal, perpetual, everlast- 
ing, undying. 

pereo, -ivl (-ii), -itum, -ire, [per- 
eo, cf. perdo], irr. v. n. (a kind 
of pass, of perdo), go to ruin, 
perish, be destroyed, fall, die, be 
slain. — Esp. of love, die of love, 
pine away. — Less exactly, be un- 
done, be ruined. 

pererratus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
erro.^ 

pererro, -avi, -atum, -are, [per- 
erro], I. v. a., wander over, roa??i 
over. — Less exactly and fig., spread 
through, scan, examine, search, 
survey. 

peresus, -a, -um, p.p. of peredo. 

perfectus, -a, -um, p.p. of perficio. 

perfero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, 
[per-fero],irr.v. a., carry through, 
7iiaintain (to the end), keep up, 
retain. — Also, bring, carry off, 
convey, bear, bring news : perfer 
te {proceed, go on) ; hasta per- 
lata (forced through) . — Also, bear 
(to the end), endure, suffer, have 
to bear. 

perficio, -feel, -fectum, -ficere, 
[per-facio], 3. v. a., perfomi, com- 
plete, finish, accomplish. — Also, 
make, work, fashion. 

perfidus, -a, -um, [per-fidus, cf. 
periurus], adj., false, perfidious, 
treacherous. 

perflo, -avi, -atum, -are, [per- 
flo], I. v. a., blow over. 

perfodio, -f odi, -fossum, -fodere, 
[per-fodio], 3. v. a., pierce, pene- 
trate, make a breach in, burst open. 



perforo, -avl, -atum, -are, [per- 
foro], I. v. a., pierce, penetrate. 

perfossus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
fodio. 

perfractus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
fringo. 

perfringo, -fregl, -fractum, 
-fringere, [per-frango], 3. v. a., 
break through, crush. — Also, force 
through, accomplish (by force). 

perfundo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [per-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
over. — With change of point of 
view, drench, drown, bedew, sprin- 
kle, bathe, plunge, moisten, wash, 
dip, dye. 

perf uro, no perf., no sup., -furere, 
[per-furo], 3. v. n., rave wildly. 

perfusus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
fundo. 

Pergameus, -a, -um, [fPergamo 
+ eus], adj., of Pergamum, of 
Troy, Trojan. — Fern., Pergamea, 
the name given by ^Eneas to his 
city in Crete. 

Pergamum, -1, (-a, -orum), [Gr. 
Uepya/j.oi/'], n., the citadel. of Troy. 

pergo, perrexi, perrectum, per- 
gere, [per-rego], 3. v. n., keep 
on, proceed, advance,- go on. 

perhibeo, -hibui, -hibitum, -hi- 
bere, [per-habeo], 2. v. a., hold 
out, bring forward. — Esp., re- 
port, assert, say, declare, call. 

perlculum (-clum), -1, [fperi- 
(of perior, cf. experior) + cu- 
lum], n., a trial, an attempt. — 
Also, peril, hazard, risk, danger. 

Peridia, -ae, [Gr. Tlepidia], f., the 
mother of Onytes. 

Periphas, -antis, [Gr. nept^as], 
m., a companion of Pyrrhus at the 
sack of Troy. 

perltus, -a, -uiu, [p.p. of fperior, 
see experior], adj., experienced, 
skilled, skilful. 

periurium, -1, [fperiuro- (reduced) 
-f ium], n., perjury. 

periurus, -a, -um, [per-fiur-, decl. 
as adj., cf. perfidus], adj., per- 
jured. 



206 



Vocabulary. 



perlabor, -lapsus, -labi, [per-la- 
bor], 3. v. dep., glide over, glide 
through. — Fig., spread to, reach. 

perlatus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
fero.^ 

perlego (pellego), -legi, -lectum, 
-legere, [per-lego], 3. v. a., sur- 
vey, scan. 

permensus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
metior. 

Permessus, -1, [Gr. nep^o-tros] , 
m., a river of Boeotia flowing from 
Mt. Helicon, sacred to Apollo and 
a favorite haunt of the Muses. 

permetior, -mensus, -metirl, 
[per-metior], 4. v. dep., measure 
over, traverse. 

permisceo, -miscui, -mixtum 
(-mistum), miscere, [per-mis- 
ceo], 2. v. a., mix (thoroughly), 
mingle. — permixtus, -a, -um, 
p.p., mingled, mixed, mingling, 
united. 

permissus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
mitto.. 

permitto, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [per-mitto], 3. v. a., let go 
by or through, give tip, give over, 
comm it, consign. — Fig., allow, per- 
mit, grant: permisso nomine 
(using the name by permission}. 

permixtus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
misceo.^ 

permulceo, -mulsi, -mulsum 
(-ctum), -mulcere, [per-mul- 
ceo], 2. v. a., stroke. — Fig., soothe. 

permuto, -avl, -atum, -are, [per- 
muto], I. v. a., exchange (some- 
thing with one). 

pernlx, -Icis, [?], adj., active, agile, 
sivift. 

pernox, -noctis, [per-fnocti- (deck 
as adj.)], adj., through the night 
(with force of adverb) . 

pero, -onis, [?], m., a boot (rough 
and heavy, used by soldiers and the 
like). 

perodi, -osus, -odisse, [per-odi], 
def. v. a., utterly hate, execrate, 
curse. — perosus, -a, -um, p.p. 
in act. sense. 

perosus, -a, -um, p.p. of perodi. 



perpessus, -a, -um, p.p. of perpe- 

tior. 
perpetior, -pessus, -peti, [per- 

patior], 3. v. dep., suffer, endure, 
undei'go. — Also, allow, permit, 
suffer. 

perpetuus, -a, -um, [per-fpetuus 
(^/pet, in peto + uus)], adj., 
continuing, continuous, entire. — 
Of time, continual, constant, inces- 
sant. 

perplexus, -a, -um, [per-plexus 
(p.p. of plecto)], adj., confused, 
entangled, intricate. 

perrumpo, -rupl, -ruptum, -rum- 
pere, [per-rumpo], 3. v. a., break 
through, break across : tellurem 
{plough across). 

persentio, -sensl, -sensum, -sen- 
tire, [per-sentio], 4. v. a., feel 
(deeply) , perceive* 

persequor, -secutus, -sequi, [per- 
sequor], 3. v. dep., follow up, pur- 
sue. 

persldo, -sedi, -sessum, -sldere, 
[per-sido], 3. v. n., settle through, 
penetrate, sink in, 

Persis, -idis, [Gr. Ilepcrts], f., the 
original country of the Persians. — 
Less exactly, Persia, the whole 
region occupied by the kingdom of 
the Persians. 

persolvo, -solvi, -solutum, -sol- 
vere, [per-solvo], 3. v. a., pay in 
full, pay, render, give in payment. 

persono, -ul, -itum, -are, [per- 
sono], 1. v. n. and a., sound 
through or over, cause to resound, 
sound : cithara (play). 

persto, -stiti, -statum, -stare, 
[per-sto], 1. v. n., stand firmly. 
— Fig., persist, remain unmoved, 
remain fixed. 

perstringo, -strinxi, -strictum, 
-stringere, [per-stringo], 3. v. a., 
graze, touch lightly. 

persuadeo,-suasi, -suasum, -sua- 
dere, [per-suadeo], 2. v. n. and a., 
induce (by persuasion), induce to 
believe, persuade. 

pertaesum, see taedet. 

pertempto (-tento), -avl, -atum, 



Vocabulary. 



207 



-are, [per-tempto], 1. v. a., try\ 
(thoroughly). — Fig., pervade,, 
seize, fill, possess : gaudia pectus ; \ 
sensus' hies ; corpora tremor. 

perterreo, -terrui, -territum, j 
terrere, [per-terreo], 2. v.; "a., 
terrify, alarm, frighten, — per- j 
territus, -a, -um, p.p., panic- 
stricken, in alarm. 

perterritus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
terreo. 

pervenio, -veni, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, [per-venio], 4. v. n., come 
through, arrive, come, reach : per- 
venimus vivi ut, etc. (lived to see) . 

perventus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
venio. 

perversus, -a, -um, p.p. of per- 
verto.^ 

perverto, -verti, -versum, -ver- 
tere, [per-verto], 3. v. a., over- 
turn, turn awry. — perversus, 
-a, -um,p.p. as ad]., awry. — Fig., 
perverse, wrojig-headed, 'obstinate, 
bad ; perverse numine [by a fatal 
impulse). 

pervigilo, -avi, -atum, -are, [per- 
vigilo], 1. v. n., watch (continu- 
ally),'^/ watch. 

pervius, -a, -um, [per-fvia-, decl. 
as adj.], adj., passable : usus tec- 
torum (a much-used passage, &c.) . 

pervolito, -avi, -atum, -are, [per- 
volito], I. v. a., flit around, fly 
about. 

pervolo, -avi, -atum, -are, [per- 
volo], 1. v. a., fly through. 

pes, pedis, [VP e( * as stem, cf. 
7toi;s, Eng. foot], m., the foot. 
— Also of animals, a foot, a hoof 
a claw, a paw, a leg (of an in- 
sect) . — ■ Often represented in Eng. 
by step : ferte pedem, come ; re- 
fer ens pedem, retreating; pedem 
tulisset, tiem the steps ; pedem 
reportat, retrace his steps ; aequo 
pede, with equal pace ; pede se- 
cundo, with favoring steps ; re- 
trahit pedes, withdraws ; revo- 
cat pedem, draws back. — Also, 
the rope at the lower corner of a 
sail, the sheet: facere pedem, 



make a tack (drawing in first one 
and then the other). 

pessimus, -a, -um ; see malus. 

pestifer, -era, -erum, [fpesti-fer 
( -y/fer + us)], adj., plague-bring- 
ing, pestilent. 

pestis, -is, [?], f., a plague, a pest, 
an infection, a taint. — Less ex- 
actly, a calamity, ruin, destrtution, 
mischief, trouble. — Concretely, a 
pest, a plague, a curse, a nuisance, 
vermin. 

Petllia (-elia), -ae, [Gr. UerrjXia], 
f., a city on the Gulf of Tarentum, 
founded by Idomeneus. 

peto, petivi (-ii), petitum, pete- 
re, [ VP^'j a ^ m to 7"Vra>], 3. v. a., 
{fall, fly, in various modifications), 
go to, assail, attack, make for, fall 
upon, aim at, seek (go to), pursue: 
Troianos monstra (be aimed af) ; 
me fraude (aim at) ; peteretur 
Troia (sail to (seek) Troy) ; ter- 
rain (fall to) ; exscidiis urbem 
(plot destruction against) ; aethe- 
ra sol (rise in) ; thorax petitus 
(hit). — From the idea of aiming 
at, seek, search for, look for, ask 
for, ask, beg, desire, wa?it, be in 
search of: quidve petat (what 
his purpose) ; petentur praemia 
(be in question). 

petulcus, -a, -um, [fpetulo- (re- 
duced, cf. petulans) + cus], adj., 
butting, wanton. 

Phaeaces, -um, [Gr. <J>aiaKes], m. 
plur., the Phceacians, the mythic 
inhabitants of Corcyra, famed for 
their luxury. 

Phaedra, -ae, [Gr. 4>a7fy?a], f., the 
wife of Theseus and daughter of 
Minos. She became enamored of 
her stepson Hippolytus. 

Phaethon, -ontis, [Gr. <i>ae0cej>], 
m., a son of the Sun who drove his 
father's horses to prove his lineage. 
They became unmanageable, and 
he was destroyed by a thunder- 
bolt. His sisters mourning for him 
were changed into poplars. — Also 
(perhaps in its original sense, the 
bright one), a name of the Sun. 



208 



Vocabulary. 



Phaethontiades, -urn, [Gr. patro- 
nymic], f. pi., the sisters ofPhcBthon. 

phalanx, -angis, [Gr. (paXay^], f., 
a phalanx (a body of Grecian 
troops). — Less exactly, an army, 
a force, a battalion, a funeral es- 
cort, a train, a fleet. 

phalerae, -arum, [Gr. <pd\apa], f. 
plur., an ornament (of metal plates 

• worn on the breast of soldiers), a. 
decoration. — A similar decoration 
on horses, trappings. 

phalarica (fal-), -ae, [?], f., a 
falarica, a huge spear (used by 
barbarian nations). 

Phaleris, -is, [?], m., a Trojan. 

Phanaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. $a,vcuos~\, 
adj., of Phance (a place in Chios 
famous for its wine). — Masc, 
Phancsa7i (Chian) wine : rex ip- 
se Phanaeus {Phanceus king of 
wines) . 

pharetra, -ae, [Gr. (paperpa], f., a 
quiver. 

pharetratus, -a, -um, [ f pharetra 
+ tus, cf. armatus], ad]:, armed 
with a quiver, quiver-bearing. 

Pharus, -I, [Gr. $dpos], m., an 
Italian. 

phaselus, -1, [Gr. <pdar]Xos~\, m. and 
f., a bean. — Also, a skiff (used by 
the Egyptians). 

Phasis, -idis, [Gr. Qua is], m., a 
river of Colchis. 

Phegeus, -ei (-eos), [Gr. Grnyevs'], 
m. : I . A slave of ^Eneas ; 2. A 
Trojan (perhaps two of the same 
name). 

Pheneus, -1, [Gr. ^eueos'], f., a town 
and lake in Arcadia. 

Pheres, -etis, [Gr. $ep7)s~], m., a 
Trojan. 

PhilippI, -orum, [Gr. $iAnnroL], 
m. plur., a town of Macedonia near 
the foot of the range of Haemus. 
It was famous for the battle be- 
tween Brutus and Cassius on the 
one side and Octavius and Antony 
on the other, by which the Caesarian 
party was established in power. 

Philoctetes, -ae, [Gr.<f>iAo/cn7T77s], 
m., a celebrated archer, son of 



Paean king of Melibcea. He re- 
ceived from Hercules the famous 
poisoned arrows on which depend- 
ed the destruction of Troy. Ac- 
cording to a legend he came to 
Italy after the Trojan war and 
founded Petilia. 

Philomela, -ae, [Gr. $^0^77X77], 
f., a daughter of Pandion king of 
Thebes, who with her sister Procne 
served up to Tereus, her sister's 
husband, his son Itys prepared for 
food. They were all changed into 
birds, Philomela into a nightin- 
gale, for which bird her name often 
stands. 

Philyrides, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], 
m., son of Philyra (beloved by 
Saturn, by whom she became the 
mother of the centaur Chiron). 

Phlneus, -el (-eos), [Gr. $ivevs~], 
m., a king of Thrace, who was 
struck blind and afterwards tor- 
mented by the Harp vs. 

Phineius, -a, -um, [Gr. $iwf)ios~], 
adj., of Phineus. 

Phlegethon, -ontis, [Gr. <^\eye- 
Q(av\, m., a river of fire in Hades. 

Phlegyas, -ae, [Gr. QAcyvds], m., 
a king of Orchomenus in Bceotia, 
father of Ixion, who burned the 
temple of Apollo to avenge the 
seduction of his daughter by that 
divinity, and who was punished in 
the Infernal regions for this act of 
impiety. 

phoca, -ae, [Gr. cpdoKT]'], f., a seal, a 
sea-calf 

Phoebe, -es, [Gr. $oi$r\\, f., a name 
of Diana (Artemis) as goddess of 
the moon (cf. Phoebus). 

Phoebeus, -a, -um, [Gr. <±>oi/3eios], 
adj., of Phoebus (Apollo or the 
Sun). 

Phoebigena, -ae, [f Phoeb5- (weak- 
ened) -fgena (cf. nubigena)], 
m., son of Phcebus (^Esculapius) . 

Phoebus, -I, [Gr. $oi$os~\, m., a 
name of Apollo as god of the sun 

. {the Bright one). — Also, the Sun. 

Phoenlces, -um, [Gr.<I>oiVi/c£s], m. 
plur., the Phoenicians (the inhab- 



Vocabulary, 



209 



itants of Phoenicia, the coast-land 
east of the Mediterranean.) 

Phoenlssa, -ae, [Gr. Qoiuiao-a, f. of 
$o7vi£], f. adj., Phoenician. — As 
subst, a Pkcenician woman (used 
of Dido). 

Phoenix, -Icis, [Gr. $om|], m., the 
instructor of Achilles and his com- 
panion in the Trojan war. 

Pholoe, -es, [Gr. $0X077], f., a fe- 
male slave. 

Pholus, -1, [Gr. *a>A.os], m. : 1. A 
centaur, the host of Hercules, but 
accidentally slain by one of his 
guest's arrows ; 2. A Trojan. 

Phorbas, -antis, [Gr. $6p&as], m., 
a sailor of /Eneas' fleet. 

Phorcus, -I (-ys),[Gr.<±>o'p«:os(-us)], 
m. : 1. A sea-divinity; 2. A Latin. 

Phrygius, -a, -um, [Gr. Qpvyios'], 
adj., Phrygian. — Less exactly, 
Trojan. — Fem. (sc. terra), Phry- 
gia, the country of Asia Minor of 
which Troy was a small district. — 
Fem.plur.(as subst.), the Phrygian 
women, the Trojan women. 

Phryx, Phrygis, [Gr. $pv£\, m., 
a Phrygian. — Less exactly, a 
Trojan. 

Phthla, -ae, [Gr. $0la], f., a district 
of Thessaly, the home of Achilles. 

Phyllis, -idis, [Gr. $v\\is], f., a 
rustic woman. 

Phyllodoce, -es, [Gr. ^vWoBoktj'], 
f., a Nereid. 

piaculum, -1, [fpia- (of pio) + 
culum], n., an expiatory rite or 
offering, a purification: commissa 
piacula {atonement for guilt in- 
curred) . 

piceus, -a, -um, [fpic+ eus], adj., 
of pitch, pitchy. — Less exactly,^;-/' 
(like the smoke of pitch), thick, 
lurid, smoky : flumen {thick and 
dark, of sweat and dust) ; turbo 
{pitch-black wreaths) ; caligo (of 
burning pitch). — Fem., (sc. ar- 
bor), a pine tree. 

pictura, -ae, [fpictu + ra (f. of 
rus), cf. figura], f., a painting, a 
picture. 

pictiiratus, -a, -um, [fpictura -f 



tus, cf. armatus], adj., embroi- 
dered, wrought with designs. 

pictus, -a, -um, p.p. of pingo. 

Plcus, -I, [pic us, woodpecker~\, m., 

a mythic king of Italy, son of Sa- 
turn and father of Faunus, changed 
into a woodpecker by Circe. 

Plerides, -um, [Gr. mepiSes], f. pi., 
the Muses, so called . from their 
haunt Pieria in Thessaly. 

pietas, -tatis, [fpio + tas], i., filial 
affection, dutiful love, filial piety. 
— Hence, reverence (for the gods), 
piety, devotion. — Also (reciprocal- 
ly) > justice (recognition of piety). 

piger, -gra, -grum, [v/pig'(in 
piget) + rus (reduced)], adj., 
slothful, slow, sluggish. 

piget 9 -uit,(-itum est), -ere, [unc. 
adj,-stem, cf. piger], 2. v. impers., 
it irks, one regrets, one is loth, one 
loathes, it is irksome. 

pignus, -oris, [prob. pang, (as root 
of pango) + us], n., a pledge (de- 
posited as security) . — Less exactly, 
a wager, a stake. — Fig., a security, 
a pledge, a sign (as by giving the 
hand), a token (as a gift) . — So of 
children, pledges. 

pila, -ae, [?], f., a pier, a mole. 

pilatus, -a, -um, [fpilo + tus, cf. 
armatus], adj., armed with the 
javelin. 

pilentum,-!, [prob. akin to pileus, 
on account of the wool or felt cov- 
ering], n., a carriage, with four 
wheels and covered, used for car- 
rying sacred emblems, utensils, &c, 
and later employed by Roman 

• women. 

plium, -1, [perh. akin to pinso], 
n., a pestle. — Also, a javelin (the 
heavy spear used by the Romans). 

Pilumnus, -1, [tpilo + mnus, cf. 
Gr. -/jl6vos~\, m., an old Latin di- 
vinity or deified king, an ancestor 
of Turnus, represented with a 
pestle. 

Pmarius, -a, -um, [?], adj., a Ro- 
man gentile name (which are all 
originally adj.) : domus {the fam- 
ily of the Pinarii, who with the 



2IO 



Vocabulary. 



Potitii first assisted at "the rites of 
Hercules). 

Pindus, -I, [Gr. ITiVSos], m., a moun- 
tain in Thessaly. 

plneus, -a, -um, [fpino- (reduced) 
-f eus], adj., of pine, of pines. 

pingo, pinxl, pictum, pingere, 
[VPig]' 3- v - &., paint, dye, color, 
embroider (with or without acu), 
ornament (with color). — pictus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., embroidered, 
painted, particolored, spotted, va- 
riegated, wrought (with color), 
ornamented (with designs) . 

pinguesco, no perf., no sup., -esce- 
re, [fpingui + sco, cf. pinguis], 
3. v. n. incept., grow fat, grow rich, 
become fertile, be enriched. 

pinguis, -e, [ ?], ad]., fat, rich, nesin- 
^ ous, pitchy, oily, unctuous, fertile, 
thick, milky (of herbs) : oves {well- 
fed); ara {rich in victims). 

plnifer, -era, -erum, [fpino-fer 
[y'fer + us)], adj., pine-bearing, 
pine-clad. 

pinna, -ae, [same word as penna], 
f., a turret (part of a fortification), 
a battlement. See also penna. 

pinus, -I (-us), [akin to pix, -kitvs~], 
{., a pine tree, a pine. — Of things 
made of pine, a ship, a torch, a 
shaft. 

pio, -avi, -atum, -are, [tpio-], 
I. v. a., purify. — Also, appease, 
propitiate. — Hence, expiate, atone 
for. 

Plrithous, -1, [Gr. TleiptOoos'], m., 
a son of Ixion who attempted to 
carry off Proserpine from the world 
below. 

pirus, -1, [?], f., a pear-tree. 

Pisa, -ae, [Gr. Uiaa], f., a city of 
Elis near Olympia, with which 
town it was sometimes identified. 

Pisae, -arum, [?], f. plur., Pisa, a. 
city of Etruria, supposed by the 
ancients to have been colonized 
from Elis. 

piscis, -is, [?], m., a fish. — Also 
(usually in plur.), Pisces, the con- 
stellation. 

piscosus, -a, -um, [fpisci- (re- 



duced) + osus], adj., full of fish, 
fish-haunted. 

pistrix, -icis, [Gr. iricrrpis], f., a 
sea-monster. — As name of a ship, 
the Pistrix. 

pius, -a, -um, [?], adj., filial, de- 
voted {X.o parents), pious, virtuous, 
just. — Also, pure, holy, sacred : 
amor {devoted) ; far (consecrat- 
ed); sanguis (innocent); pio- 
rum concilia (of the blest) ; nu- 
mina (righteous, cf. pietas); 
manus (pure). 

pix, picis, [akin to pinus and 
irirvs, cf. iriaaa], f., pitch. 

placabilis, -e, [fplaca- (of placo) 
+ bilis], adj., easy to be entreated, 
placable, gentle : ara (propitious, 
where sacrifices easily appease the 
divinity) . 

placatus, -a, -um, p.p. of placo. 

placeo, placul, placitum, pla- 
cere, [tplac6-(cf.placidus, pla- 
co, Viriplaca)], 2. v. n., please, 
delight, give pleasure. — Often to 
be translated by a change of con- 
struction, approve, delight in, adopt. 
— Also impersonally, it is One's 
will, one determines, it is deter- 
mined, it is thought best. — placi- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. in act. sense, 
pleasing, agreeable, detertnined on, 
decided : placida paci oliva (fa- 
vorable) ; sic placitum (so it is 
fated); ultra placitum (more 
than is agreeable). 

placide [abl. of placidus], adv., 
quietly, gently, peacefully. 

placidus, -a, -um, [fplaco- (cf. 
placeo) + dus], adj., calm, quiet, 
peaceful, gentle, placid, kindly, 
propitious : palus (gently-fioiving, 
slow) ; aequora ; pax ; aures ; 
urbes ; pectus ; os ; caput ; pla- 
cidum ventis mare (stilled ) . 

placitus, -a, -um, p.p. of placeo. 

placo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fplaco- 
(cf. Viriplaca)], I. v. a., appease, 
pacify, calm, quiet. 

i.plaga, -ae, [?], f., a region, a 
quarter, a zone, a tract. 

2. plaga, -ae, [Gr. irKriyi]] , f., a 



Vocabulary. 



211 



blozi'j'a stroke, a lash, a thrust, a 
wound. 

3.plaga, -ae, [?], f., a hunting- 
net, a snare. 

plango, planxl, planctum, plan- 

gere, [VP-^g* a ^ n to *"*faw»j 

cf. plaga], 3. v. a. and n., beat, 
strike. — From beating the breasts 
in mourning, wail, cry. — Less ex- 
actly, roar, murmur. 

plangor, -oris, [plang (as root of 
plango) +or], m., a shriek, an 
outcry. 

planities, -ei, [fplano + ties, cf. 
amicitia], f., a plain, a level. 

planta, -ae, [akin to planus], f., 
the sole, the foot. — -Also, a scion, a 
slip, a plant, a shoot. 

plantarium, -1 (-11), or -are, -is, 
[fplanta + arium (n. of arius)], 
n., a shoot, a scion. 

planus, -a, -urn, [akin to irXarvs 
(perh. ^pal in palor) ] , adj ., level, 
flat. — Neut. as subst., a plain, a 
level, level ground. 

platanus, -1, [Gr. ir\dravos], f., a 
plane tree. 

plaudo (plo), plausi, plausum, 
plaudere, [?], 3. v. a. and n., 
clap, beat (with the feet or hands), 
flap (of the wings), pat ' (of caress- 
ing) : choreas {dance a measure) . 

plaustrum, -1, [yplaiid-f trum], 
n., a cart, a wagon. 

plausus, -us, [plaud (as root of 
plaudo) + tus], in., clapping, 
flapping, applause. 

plebs, plebis, [akin to plenus (cf. 
plerique), ttAt}0os], f., the multi- 
tude, the common people, the people, 
the vulgar, common soldiers. 

Pleias, -adis, [Gr. IIA^as], f., a 
Pleiad, one of the seven daughters 
of Atlas who were changed into 
the constellation of the Pleiades. — 
Also, one of the stars. — Plur., the 
Pleiades, the constellation. 

Plemyrium, -1 (-il), [Gr. TlK-n^v- 
piov], n., a promontory of Sicily, 
near Syracuse. 

plenus, -a, -um, [fple- (of pleo)' 
-r-nus, c f. plerique], adj., full, 



filled, well-filed: vox {loud); 
flumina (swelling); annis {com- 
pleted, mature) ; mensa {laden) ; 
portae {thronged) ; ad plenum 
{full, to the top) ; campus {crowd- 
ed, with sheep). 

plerusque (masc. not found) , -aque, 
-unique, [plerus (fple + rus, cf. 
plenus; -que (cf. undique, quis- 
que)], adj., the greater part. — 
Neut. as adv., for the most part, 
usually, com?nonly. 

plico, -avl (-ul), -atum (-itum), 
-are, [^/plic, akin to 7rA€/ca>], 
I. v. a., fold, roll tip. 

pluma, -ae, [?], f., feathers. 

plumbum, -1, [?], n., lead. 

pluo, plul (pluvl), no sup., plu- 
ere, [Vpl u > °f unc - kin.], 3. v. a. 
and n., rain, rain down, shower 
down. — Impersonal, it rains. 

plurimus, -a, -um ; see multus. 

plus, see multus. 

Pluton (-0), -onis, [Gr. TIAovrarw], 
m., Pluto, the brother of Jupiter 
and Xeptune, the king of the lower 
world. 

pluvialis, -e, [fpluvio- (reduced) 
+ alis], adj., rainy. — Often in 
the sense of bringing rain. 

pluvius, -a, -um, [ Vphi ( in pluo) 
+ ius], adj., rainy, showery : plu- 
vium frigus {cold rain). — Fein, 
(sc. aqua), rain, a shower, a fall 
of rain, rainy weather. 

poculum, -1, [ ^/po (cf. poto) + 
culum], n., a drinking-cup, a gob- 
let, a bowl. — Less exactly, a wa- 
tering-place, a water-trough. — 
Often, as in Eng., for the liquid 
contained in the vessel. 

podagra, -ae, [Gr. iroMypa], f., the 
gout. — A similar disease in sheep. 

Podallrius, -1 (-il), [Gr. IIoSaAei- 
pios'], m., a Trojan. 

poena, -ae, [^y^pu (in purus, with 
stem-vowel and strengthened) + 
na, cf. iroivrf\ i f., a penalty, 
punishment, revenge, vengeance. 
Regularly regarded as a penalty 
by the ancients, and hence de- 
manded, taken, received, &c, by 



212 



Vocabulary. 



the inflicter, and paid, given, owed, 
satisfied, by the sufferer. 

Poenus, -a, -um, [akin to $oivi\, 
a simpler form corrupted], adj., 
Carthaginian (properly Phoeni- 
cian). — Masc. plur., the Cartha- 
ginians. 

poenitet, see paenitet. 

poeta, -ae, [Gr. 71-0*77x77$] ,m.,a poet. 

polio, -lvi (-ii), -Itum, -ire, [?], 
4. v. a., polish. 

Polites, -ae, [Gr. noAirTjs], m., a 
Trojan, son of Priam. 

politus, -a, -um, p.p. of polio. 

pollex, -icis, [?], m., the thumb. 

polliceor, -licitus, -liceri, [por 
(old prep., cf. irpos) -liceor], 2. v. 
dep., offer, promise (voluntarily, 
cf. jivomitto, proniise on request), 
engage. 

pollicitus, -a, -um, p.p. of polli- 
ceor. 

Pollio (Pol-), -onis, [?], m., a 
Roman surname. — Esp., Caius 
Asinius Pollio, a distinguished 
orator, statesman, and -author of 
the time of Augustus. He was an 
intimate friend and. a patron of 
Virgil. 

polluo, -lui, -lutum,-luere, [perh. 
por-luo], 3. v. a., pollute, infect, 
defile. — Less exactly, violate: pollu- 
tus amor {blighted, disappointed) . 

Pollux, -ucis, [Gr. Uo\vdevK7]s, cor- 
rupted], m., one of the sons of 
Jupiter and Leda, brother of Cas- 
tor, famed as a pugilist. Virgil 
alludes to his skill in horsemanship, 
for which generally his brother is 
famous. Upon the. death of Cas- 
tor, Pollux obtained permission to 
relieve his brother in the world 
below by alternately taking his 
place, thus sharing with him his 
immortality. 

polus, -1, [Gr. v6\os], m., the pole 
(end of the earth's axis), the North 
pole, the Heavens. 

Polybotes, see Polyphoetes. 

Polydorus, -1, [Gr. Uo\v?)wpos~], 
m., a son of Priam, sent to Thrace, 
and slain by Polymnester. 



Polyphemus, -1, [Gr. TloXvcp-nixos], 
m., the Cyclops whose eye was put 
out by Ulysses. 

Polyphoetes (botes), -ae, [Gr. 
HoKv(poiTr]s\ m., a Trojan, priest of 
Ceres. 

Polytes, see Polites. 

Pometii, -orum, [?], m. plur., 
'Suessa Pometia, a city of the Vol- 
sci, in the region of the Pomptine 
Marshes. 

pompa* -ae,.[Gr. 71-0^77], f., a sa- 
cred procession, a sacred rite, a 
funeral train. 

pomum, -I, [?], n., a fruit (apple, 
pear, plum, &c, cf. baca, a small 
fruit) . — Less exactly, a fruit-tree. 

pondus, -eris, [ y'pend 4- us] , n., 
a weight, a burden, a load, a heavy 
missile, a mass. 

pone [perh. ak^n to post]., adv., be- 
hind. 

pono, posui, positum, ponere, 
[unc. stem+sino, cf. pone], 3. v. a., 
{leave behind}), lay down, put 
down. — With idea of loss (lit. and 
fig.), lay aside, lose, abafidon, drop, 
shed, give up, yield (of fruits). — 
With some purpose, place, put, set, 
found, lay, set up, put up (a stake), 
set on foot (a contest), serve tip, 
plant, fix (a limit, &c), assign (a 
name), lay down (for rest), deter- 
?nine, pitch (a camp), place (hope), 
lay (one's fortunes in the lap of 
another), lay to rest (bury), lay 
out (a body), lay lozv (raze), make 
(a keel). — Intrans., (sc. se), de- 
cline (of winds) i go down. 

pons, pontis, [?], m., a bridge, a 
gangway, a drawbridge, a floor (of 
a tower) . 

pontus, -i, [Gr. vSptos"], m., the sea, 
a wave. — Esp. (sc. Euxinus), 
the Euxine, the Black Sea. 

Pontus, -1, [Gr. Yl6vros~\, m., the 
region south of the Black Sea. 

poples, -itis, [?], m., the ham (the 
back of the knee) : succiso pop- 
lite {cutting the cords of the knee, 
with the hamstrings cut) ; dupli- 
cato poplite (with bent knees) . 



Vocabulary. 



213 



popularis, -e, [fpopulo- (reduced) 

+ aris], ad]., popular, of the people. 

populatus, -a, -um,p.p. of populo. 

populeus, -a, -um, [fpopulo- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of the poplar, 
of poplar, poplar. 

populo, -avi, -atum,.-are, [prob. 
fpopulo-, but the connection is 
uncertain], l!v. a., ravage, despoil, 
lay waste, devastate, plunder. — 
Also of animals, prey upon. — Pass, 
as dep. in same senses. — Of a river, 
devastate, layzvaste : iter (its path) . 
— populatus, -a, -um, p.p. in 
act. and pass, sense : tempora 
raptis auribus (despoiled). 

Populonia, -ae, [?], f., a city on 
the coast of Etruria. 

populus, -I, [?], f., a poplar tree, 
poplar (the leaves in a crown). 
This tree was sacred to Hercules. 

populus, -I, [redupl. root in iroXvs 
(cf. plebes) + us], m., a people, a 
state, a nation, a tribe. — Also, the 
common people, the populace, the 
crowd.— Poetically, of bees, viewed 
as social and intelligent. 

fpor (port-), [cf. irpos, Trpori'], a. 
prep, only found in obscure com- 
position. Apparently, to, towards, 
cf. porricio, polliceor, por- 
tendo. 

porca, -ae, [?], f., a pig (female), a 
sow^ 

porgo, see porrigo. 

porrectus, -a, -um, p.p. of porrigo. 

porricio, -eel, -ectum, -icere, 
[prob. por-iacio, cf. polliceor], 
3. v. a., cast as an offering (a sacri- 
ficial word), scatter, offer. 

porrigo (porgo), -rexi, -rectum, 
-rigere, [por-rego] , 3. v. a., stretch 
out, extend, hold out. — Pass, or 
with reflexive, extend. 

porro [unc. form akin to pro, por, 
and Trpoaco^, adv., forward, afar 
off, beyond. — Of time, hereafter, 
in later times, later. 

Porsena (-enna), -ae, [prob. an 
Etruscan word], m., a king of 
Etruria who attempted to restore 
the banished Tarquins. 



porta, -ae, [ VP or (akin to portus, 

iropos) + ta], f., a gate, a passage, 
an entrance, an exit, a way (in 
or out)^ 

portendo, -tendi, -tentum, -ten- 
dere, [por-tendo], 3. v. a., (a re- 
ligious word, hold out), portend, 
forebode', foretell, threaten. 

portentum, -1, [n. p.p. of por- 
tendo], n., a prodigy, a portent, a 
sign, an omen. 

porticus, -us, [porta- (weakened) 
+ unc. stem or termination], f., a 
colonnade, a gallery, an arcade. 

portitor, -oris, [prob. fportu- (or 
f porta) + tor, cf. viator, but cf. 
also porto], m., a boatman, a fer- 
ryman. — Esp. oT Charon, the fer- 
ryman. of the Styx. 

porto, -avi, -atum, -are, [f porta- 
(or fporto-, or fportu-)], i.v. a., 
convey (perh. orig. of merchan- 
dise), carry, bear, bring: quern 
portat equus (who is borne on, 
&c). — Poetically: te septima 
aestas. — Also, carry off, bear 
aivay. — Fig. : bellum (make, de- 
clare). 

Portunus, -I, [fportu- (length- 
ened) + nus (cf. Vacuna)], m., 
the god of harbors. 

portus, -us, [VP or ( c f- porta, 
iropos) + tus], m., (an entrance), 
a harbor, a haven. — Fig., a ref- 
uge, a haven. 

posco, poposcl, no sup., -poscere, 
[?, perh. akin to precor], 3. v. a., 
ask, beg, demand, claim, require, 
call for, enquire for : ventos (in- 
voke) ; poscente nullo (sponta- 
neously) ; fatis poscentibus (at 
the call of the fates) ; sic ventos 
(require)-, numina (supplicate). 

positus, -a, -um, p.p. of pono. 

possessor, -oris, [por-sessor, cf. 
possideo], m., a possessor, an oc- 
cupant (by force), a tnaster (of 
property by occupation). 

possum, potui, posse, [potis(-e) 
-sum], irr. v. n., can, be able, have 
power. — Often with ace. of pron., 
have power, can do. — potens, 



214 



Vocabulary, 



-entis, p. as adj., .-powerful, great, 
mighty, ruling over, master of 
potent: potentum nranera (the 
great); potentes terrae (riders 
of) ; potens promissi Dea (hav- 
ing accomplished) ; seditione po- 
tens (skilful). 
•post [abl. of fposti- (pos + ti, cf. 
pone), cf. postidea], adv., (from 
behind), behind, after. — Of time, 
later, afterzvards, next, hereafter, 
in after times— -Prep., behind, after. 

fposterus, -a, -urn, [fposti + rus], 
adj., coming after, following, next. 
— posterior, -us, -oris, comp., 
later, latter. — postremus (pos- 
tumus), -a, -um, [postera + 
imus (cf. supremus), post+ti- 
mus (cf. intimus)], superl., latest, 
last, lowest, least. — Neut. plur., 
the rear^ — postumus, last, post- 
humous (born after a father's 
death). 

posthabeo, -habui, -habitum, 
-habere, [post-habeo], 2. v. a., 
hold in less esteem, neglect, post- 
pone (in favor of something else). 

posthabitus, -a, -um,p.p. of post- 
habeo. 

posthac [post-hac, cf. postidea], 
adv.* hereafler, henceforth, in fu- 
ture. 

posthinc [post-hinc], adv., here- 
after> then, next, thereupon. 

postis, -is, [perh. fpos (cf. post, 
pone, pono) + tis, cf. antae], 
f., a doorpost, a pillar (of an en- 
trance), a column. — Less exactly, 
a door, an eittrance. 

postquam [post-quam], adv., (later 
than), after, when, as soon as, since, 
now that. 

postremus, see posterns. 

postumus, see posterns. 

potens, -entis, p. of possum. 

potentia, -ae> [ f potent + la], f., 
pozver, might, influence, force, sway, 
rtde : dura nostra (exercise of 
power); mea magna (source of 
power) . 

potestas, -tatis,[stem akin to potis 
4-tas], f. ypower, might, ride, sway, 



opportunity, chance: potestates 
herbarum (virtues) . 
potior, itus, -Irl, (potitur, in 3.), 

[fpoti-], 4. v. dep., become master 
of gain, possess, zvin f gain posses- 
sion of seize, occupy, secure : au- 
so (succeed in) ; campo equus 
(gain) ; tellwre (gain, arrive at). 

potior, -us, [prob. comp. of potis], 
adj., preferable, better, more de- 
sirable. — potius, neut. as adv., 
rather, more. 

potis, -e, [prob. akin to pater and 
■wools'], adj., powerful, able. — Usu- 
ally not declined: potis (pote) 
est, be able, one can t be possible. 
See also potior. 

Potitins, -1 (-11), [?], m.,a Roman 
gentile name (prop. adj.).~Esp. 
of one of the family who with the 
head of the Pinarii assisted at the 
rites of Hercules. 

potltus, -a, -um, p.p. of potior. 

Potnias, -adis, [Gr. XIotvlcls~\, adj., 
of Potniae, a town of Boeotia, the 
residence of Glaucus, son of Sisy- 
phus, whose horses went mad and 
tore their master in pieces. There 
are other forms of the story. 

poto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fpoto- 
(freq. of lost verb) ] I . v. a., drink. 
— potans, -antis, p. as subst. 
(plur.), revellers, dri?ikers. See 
also potus (-us), potus, -a, -um. 

potus, -us, [VP° (°f- poculum) 
+ tus], m., a drinking. — Esp. ace. 
(as supine of poto), to drink. 

potus, -a, -um, [p.p. of VP°> c ^* 
poculum], p.p., act. and pass., 
being druftk, having drunk. 

prae [ ?, same stem as pro], adv. and 
prep., before, in front. — In comp., 
before, in front, at the extremity, 
very. ^ 

praebe§, -bui, -bitum, -bere, 
[prae-nabeo], 2. v. a., {hold out), 
afford, yield, offer, furnish. 

praeeedS, -cessi, -eessum, -ce- 
dere, [prae-cedo], 3. v. a. and 
n.,go before, precede-. 

praecelsus, -a, -um,[prae-celsus], 
adj., very high, lofty* 



Vocabulary. 



215 



praeceps, -eipitis, [prae - caput 

(reduced, and decl. as adj.)], adj., 
head-foremost, headlong, in {one's) 
haste, with speed, speedy, flying, 
swift, harrying, driven headlong, 
plunging, pell well.— Transferred, 
straight downward, precipitous : 
in praeceps {straight downward, 
perpendicularly) ; in praecipiti 
{straight up on the very edge) . 

praeceptum, -1, [n. p.p. of prae- 
cipio], n., an instruction, an in- 
ju7ictio7i, a rule, an order, a charge, 
a precept. 

praeceptus* -a, -urn, p.p. of prae- 
cipio.^ 

praecldo, -cldi, -cisum, -cldere, 
[prae-caedo], 3. v. a., cut off. — 
praecisus, -a, -urn, p.p. as adj., 
steep, precipitous'. 

praecipio, -cepl, -ceptum, -ci- 
pere, [prae-capio], 3. v. a., take 
beforehand : spe hostem {conquer 
in advance) ; aestus lac {dry up, 
in advance) . — Also, prescribe, en- 
join, give instructions, command. 

praecipito, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fpraecipit-], I. v. a. and n., send 
headlong, hurry on, hurl head- 
long : moras {break down) . — In- 
trans., go headlo??g, fall swiftly \ 
hurry, hasten: cu.r&e{are excited); 
flumina mento {pour). 

praecipue,. [abl. of pracipuus], 
adv., especially, particularly. 

praecipuus, -a, -um, [prae-cep- 
uus ( ^/cdL-p -f uns, cf. perspi- 
cuus)], adj., {taken before), espe- 
cial, chief the greatest: accipit 
Aenean {with special honor) . 

praecisus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
cido. 

praeclarus, -a, -um, [prae-cla- 
rus], adj., very bright. — Fig., dis- 
tinguished, f anions, renowned, glo- 
rious, splendid, .magnificent. 

praeco, -onis, [?], m., a crier, a 
herald. 

praecordia, -orum, [prae-cord + 
ium], n. plur., the diaphragm, the 
regioji of the heart, the vitals, the 
breast, the heart. 



praeda, -ae, [prob. akin to pre- 
hendo], f., booty, a prize, plunder, 
spoil, prey (of wild beasts), game 
(prey of the hunter), a prize. 

praedlco, -dixi, -dictum, -dice- 
re, [prae-dico], 3. v. a., foretell, 
give warning, prophesy, forebode, 
— ■ Also, warn, inform. 

praedictum, -I, [n. p.p. of prae- 
dico], n., a prediction, a prophecy. 

praedisco, -didici, no sup., -dis- 
cere, [prae-disco], 3. v. a., learn 
beforehand, forecast, recognize in 
advance. 

praedlves, -itis,[prae-dives], adj., 
very rich, wealthy. 

praedo, -onis, [tpraeda- (reduced) 
'-\- 0], m., a robber, a pirate, a ma- 
rauder. 

praedor, -atus, -ari, [f praeda-], 
I. v. dep., prey, prowl. 

praedulcis, -e, [prae-dulcis], adj., 
very sweet, precious'. 

praedurus, -a, -um, [prae-durus], 
• adj ., very hard, ha ray, sto ut, sturdy. 

praeeo, -Ivl (-ii), -itum, -ire, 
[prae-eo], irr. v. a. and n., go in 
advance, precede, lead, be in ad- 
vance. 

praefatus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
tor. 

praefero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, 
[prae-fero], irr. v. a., carry in 
front (before one), offer : frons 
hominem {represent). — Also,j2>r*- 
fer, choose rather, choose in prefer- 
ence. 

praeficio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 
[prae-facio], irr. v. a., set over, 
put in^harge. 

praef igo, -flxi, -flxnm, -f Igere, 

' [prae-figo], 3. v. a.., fix in front, 
hang tip on, fix upon : or a prae- 
fixa {impaled) ; praefixa cuspide 
{with iron head) . — With change 
of point of view, fix (something 
with another in front) : oracapis- 
tris {bind). — So praef Ixus, -a, 
-um, p.p., pointed, headed. 

praeflxus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
figo. 

praefodio, -f odi, -fossum, -fo- 



2l6 



Vocabulary. 



dere, [prae-fodio], 3. v. a., dig 
in front of, ditch. 

praefor, -fatus, -farl, [prae-for], 
I. v. dep., say before^ preface, in- 
voke first (beforehand) . 

praefulgeo, -fulsi, -no sup., ful- 
gere, [prae-fulgeo], 2. v. n.,s/iine 
in front or on the edge : pellis 
unguibus (glitter with hanging 
claws) . 

praegnans (-as), -antis (-atis), 
[prae-gnans (prob. p. of stem fr. 
y'gen, cf. nascor)], adj., preg- 
nant. 

praelabor, -lapsus, -labi, [prae- 
labor], 3. v. dep.; glide by, fly by. 

praelatus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
fero. 

praemetuo, -metul, -metutum, 
-metuere, [prae-metuo],3. v. n., 
fear beforehand, be anxious. 

praemissus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
mitto. 

praemitto, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [prae-mitto], 3. v. a., send 
before, send in advance, send for- 
ward. 

praemium, -1 (-ii), [prob. akin to 
prae-emo], n., a prize, a reward, 
a recompense (in «good or bad 
sense), a prize (in an ironical 
sense) : Veneris {delights) ; pug- 
nae (prize, taken in war) ; inter 
praemia ducet (the prizes of 
battle, to the battle-field) . 

praenato, -avl, -atum, -are, 
[prae-nato], 1. v. a., swim by, 
float by, flow by (of a river). 

Praeneste, -is, [?], f. and n., a 
strongly fortified ancient city of 
Latium, famous for an oracle and a 
temple of Fortune (now Pales- 
trind). 

Praenestinus, -a, -um, [fPrae- 
nesti -f nus], adj., of Prceneste. 

praenuntia, -ae, [prae-nuntia], 
f., forerunner, harbinger, bearing 
news (in app. as adj.). 

praepes, -etis, [prae-pes (VP e ^ 
as stem, cf. peto)], adj., swiftly- 
flying, swift. 

praepinguis, -e, [prao-pinguis], 



adj., very fat, very rich, fertile, 
teeming. 

praereptus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
ripio. w 

praeripio, -ripui, -rcptum, -ri- 
pere, [prae-rapio], 3. v. a.., snatch 
away (in advance, so -as to deprive 
some one of a thing) , zvrest away, 
. wrest from, occupy (against some 
one). 

praeruptus, -a, -um, [p.p. of prae- 
■rurapo], as .adj., (broken off in 
front), precipitous, steep, broken. 

praesaepe (-sepe), -is, [prae-sae- 
pe (akin to saepio)], n., a stall, 
a stable. — Poetically, of bees, a 
hive. 

praesagus, -a, -um, [prae-sagus, 
cf. sagax], adj., foreknowing, 
prescient, foreboding. — Also, om- 
inous, boding. 

praeseisco, -scivi, -scitum, -scls- 
cere, [prae-scisco], 3. v. a., learn 
beforehand, see in advance. 

praescius, -a, -um, [prae-scius, 
cf. nescius], adj., foreknowing, 
diviiiing, prescient, presaging. 

praescrlbo, -scrips!, -scrlptum, 
-scibere, [prae-scribo], 3. v. a., 
write before, prefix : pagina sibi 
nomen (has written on its front, 
as a dedication). 

praesens, -entis, [prae-tsens, p. 
of sum], &&)., present, before one, 
im?nediate, imminent, instant: 
animus (stout heart). — Also of 
divinities, favorable, propitious, 
present to. help. — Also, potent, ad- 
vantageous, helpful, powerful. 

praesentia, -ae, [fpraesent + ia], 
f., presence. 

praesentio, -sensl, -sensum, 
-sentlre, [prae-sentio], 4. v. a., 
feel beforehand, foresee, divine, de- 
tect, (something about to be done). 

praesertim [ace. akin to seroj, 
adv., especially , particularly , chief- 
ly, most of all. 

praeses, -idis, [prae-ses (^/sedas 
stem)], comm., (presiding over), 
a ruler, jin arbiter, an arbitress. 

praesideo, -sedi, -sessum, -si- 



Vocabulary, 



217 



dere, [prae-sideo], 2. v. n., pre- 
side over. 

praesidium, -1 (-ii), [fpraesid + 
ium], n., a defence, a protection, a 
garrison. 

praestans, -antis, p. of praesto. 

praesto, -stiti, -stitum, -stare, 
[prae-sto], 1. v. n. and a., stand 
before, excel, surpass. — Impers., it 
is better. — praestans, -antis, p., 
surpassing, superior, excellent, 
splendid, magnificent, skilful. 

praesOmo, -sumpsi, -sumptum, 
-suniere, [prae-sumo], 3. v. a., 
anticipate. 

praetendo, -tendi, -tentum, -ten- 
'dere, [prae-tendo], 3. v. a., stretch 
before, hold out, bear before, put 
before : saepem segeti {throw 
around} ; muros morti {keep off 
death by walls) ; fumos manu 
{throw a veil, of smoke). — Fig., 
pretend, make a pretence of. — 
praetentus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
stretched before, lying alo?ig, oppo- 
site. 

praetentus, -a, -Um, p.p. of prae- 
tendo. 

praeter [prae + teruni (reduced), 
comp. of prae, cf. inter], adv. 
and prep., along by, beyond, past, 
beside, contrary to. — In compos., 
by, beyond. 

praeterea[praet er-ea, cf . interea], 
adv., further, besides, moreover, 
afterwards, again, hereafter. 

praetereo, -ivi (-ii), -itum, -Ire, 
[praeter-eo], irr. v. a. and n., 
pass beyond, pass by. — Fig., omit, 
pass over. — Intrans., go by, pass, 
pass by. — praeteritus, -a, -um, 
p.p. in intrans. sense, gone by, past, 
bygone. 

praeteritus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
tereo. 

praeterlabor, -lapsus, -labi, 
[praeter-labor], 3. v. dep., glide 
by, flow, by, sail by. 

praetervelior, -vectus, -veni, 

• [praeter-Vehor as dep.] , 3. v. dep., 
ride by % sail by 

praetexo, -texui, -textum, -tex- 



ere, [prae-texo],. 3. v. a.- (weave 
in front) . — With change of point 
of view, cover (with something), 
fringe, line. — Fig., conceal, dis- 
guise : funera sacris {conceal by 
pretence of, &c). 

praetorium, -1 (-ii), [f praetor + 
ium (n. of -ius)], n., (prop, adj., 
sc. tabernacuium), the general's 
teiit, headqtcaj'ters. — Of bees, the 
queerfs abode. 

praeuro, -ussi, -ustum, -urere, 
[prae-uro], 3. v. a., burn at the 
point, harden in the fire. 

praeustus, -a, -um, p.p. of prae- 
uro. 

praevalidus, -a, -um, [prae-vali- 
dus], adj., over strong, too thrifty. 

praevenio, -veni, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, (also separate), [prae-ve- 
nio], 4. v. n., precede, come before. 

praeverto, -verti, -versum, -ver- 
tere, [prae-verto], 3. v. a., turn 
aside, turn off. — Fig., divert. — 
Intrans. and pass, (as dep.), out- 
strip. 

praevideo, -vidi, -visum, -videre, 
[prae-video], 2. v. a., foresee, see 
(in advance). 

pratum, -I, [?], n., a meadow. 

pravus, -a, -um, [?], adj., crooked. 
— Fig. (cf. Eng. wrong), false. — 
Xeut. as subst., falsehood. 

precatus, -a, -um, p.p. of precor. 

preciae, -arum, [?], f., (adj., sc. 
vites), early-ripe grapes. 

precor, -atus, -ari, [tprec-], 1. v. 
dep., pray, supplicate, pray for, 
beg : precando (by prayers) ; 
precantemdextram (suppliant) ; 
precans (precantes), (suppliant, 
suppliants) ; foedus infectum 
(pray that the truce be, &c.) ; cui 
(offer prayers) ; precanti multa 
(offering many prayers) ; precor 
(parenthetical, / pray) ; socios 
(entreat, exhort) . 

prehendo, prehendl, prehen- 
sum, prehendere, (prendo, 
etc.), [prae-hendp, akin to x°- v - 
■ tidvw'jf 3- v. a., seize, grasp, grasp at. 



218 



Vocabtilary. 



prehenso, -avi, -atum, -are, 

(prenso, etc.), [?], I. v. a., grasp, 
catch at, catch, seize, 

prelum, -1, [?}, n., a wine-press, 
properly the pressing-beam or 
beams. 

premoj press!, pressum, preme- 
re, [ ?], 3. v. a., press, press down : 
pressum lac {cheese) ; caseum ;. 
melia; pressae mammae; sul- 
cum {dig, trace) ; pressi arcus 
{forced dozvn) ; pressae carinae 
{laden)-, hasta pressa {forced 
dozvn) ; presso vomere {deep-set) ; 
virgulta {sink, plant) ; fronde 
crinem {a dor 72, confine) ; vestigia 
{plant, set, but see also below); 
mundus premitur {descends) ; 
partem rostro {overlap) ; solo 
presso {on the ground 'which one 
presses)-, fauces lingua .{stop, 
choke) ; guttur pressum {closed). 
— Also, with idea of repression 
(lit* and fig.)? repress, confine, hold 
in check, control, keep dozvn, ride, 
hold in snbjectio7i, overzvhelm, 
coerce : vocem {check) ; vestigia 
{check, but see above) ; placida 
aequora pontus {calm) ; pelago 
arva; te iussa Fauni {restrain, 
hamper) ; animae premuntur 
nocte {are plunged, hidden)-, 
quiesoculos {close) ; quiesiacen- 
tem {overcome) ; falce umbras 
{prune) ; corde dolor em {sup- 
press, conceal) ; ore responsa 
{keep secret) ; luna lumen {hide) ; 
presso ore {closed lips) ; habenas 
{hold in, tighten) ; pressa est 
gloria {obscured) ; arma- Latini 
{depreciate); OS {control)-, Au- 
soniam ; populos dicione ; Simo- 
is vivos {rolls under its waves) ; 
mentem pressus formidine {over- 
whelmed, weighed dow?t) ; lilia 
{pluck) . — Also, press hard, pur- 
sue, attack, assail, chase, beset, 
drive: apri cursum; ad retia 
cervum; hostem per auras; 
famulos {strike dozvn). 

prendo, see prehendo. 

prenso, see prehenso. 



prensus, see prehendo. 

presso, -avi, -atarn, -are, [fpres- 
s5-, cf.' premo], 1. v. a., press. 

pressus, -a, -um, p.p. of premo. 

pretium, -i (-ii), [?, perh. akin to 
irpicLfxai], n., a price, a rezvard, a 
bribe, a prize, a ransom. 

fprex, f-cis, [?], f-> a prayer. 

Priameius, -a, -um, [Gr. Ilpta^- 
*os], adj., of Priam, son {daugh- 
ter^ of Priam. 

Priamides, -ae, [Gr. TlpiafiiS'qs'] , 
m., son of Priam. 

Priamus, -1, [Gr. Upiafxos~\, m., the 
aged king of Troy, father of Hec- 
tor and Paris. 

Priapus, -1, [Gr. Ylpta-nos'], m., a 
god of horticulture and protector 
of gardens against thieves and 
birds. He was not highly vener- 
ated, and his image served as a 
kind of scarecrow. 

prldem [prae-dem, cf. idem], 
adv., some time ago, for some time. 

prmiaevus, -a, -um, [fprimo- 
aevo- (deck as adj.)], adj., first 
in age, eldest. — Also, of the first 
age, in the bloom ofyotith, youthful. 

prlmitiae, -arum, [fprimo + tia, 
cf. amicitia], f. plur., the first 
fruits. — Poetically, first trophies, 
first exploits, but cf. Eng. figure. 

primus, see prior. 

princeps, -ipis, [fprimo- (reduced) 
+ ceps (V ca P as stem)], adj., 
first, foremost, at the head. — As 
subst., a chief, a leader, an origi- 
nator, a protector, a fotmder (of 
a family). 

prineipium, -i (-ii), [fprincip + 
ium], n., the beginning, the origin. 
— Abl. as adv., in the beginning, 
in the first place, first, first of all. 

prior, -oris, [stem akin to pro 
and prae + ior, comp. of pro or 
prae], adj., former, first, ancient, 
original. — Of degree, superior. — 
Masc. plur., the ancients, men of 
former times, ancestors. — Neut. 
as adv., before, earlier, first, for- 
merly, sooner, rather, see also 
priusquam {earlier than, before). 



Vocabulary. 



219 



— primus, -a, -uni, [probably 
prae + mus, cf. imus], superl., 

■ first, foremost, earliest, the outer, 
the end, the edge, the extremity, 
the front, front, rising (of the 
sun, &c), most ancient: pes 
{fore) ; primis plantis {childish 
feet). — Of degree, first, highest, 
chief, best, most noble. — Often 
equal to an adv. with subj. or obj., 
first. — As subst. in plur., the first, 

■ the best, the chief, the noblest. — 
Neut. plur., first principles, ele- 
ments, — the first place, the van. — 
primo, abl. (of time, opp. to 
mox, etc., cf. primum, also of 
order, opp. to turn, etc.), first, at 
first. — primuin, ace. (cf . pri- 
mo), first, in the first place, for 
the first time, in advance,, ifiime- 
didtely. — Tit (cum) primum, when 
first, as soon as ; quam primum, 
as soon as possible; nunc pri- 
mum, only now ; primum ante 
omnia, before all else ; in primis 
(imprimis), especially, chiefly ; 
cum primis, especially, chiefly ; 
ad prima, particularly, very, ex- 
ceedingly. 

prlscus, -a, -um, [fprius- (of 
prior) -f cus], adj., ancient (often 
with idea of approval, or venera- 
tion, good old), antique, early, ven- 
erable. 

prlstinus, -a, -um, [fprius- (of 
prior) +tinus, cf . diutinus], adj ., 
former, old, original. 

Pristis, see pistrix. 

priusquam (often separated) [pri- 
us-quam], adv., sooner than, rath- 
er than, before. 

Privernum, -1, [?], n., a town of 
the Volsci, the birthplace of Ca- 
milla. 

Prlvernus, -1, [see Privernum], 
m., a Rutulian. 

pro (prod) [abl. of same stem as 
prae], prep., before, in front of. 

— Hence, in defe7ice of on behalf 
of on account of for, for the sake 
of. — Also, in the place of in re- 
turn for, for, instead of: pro re 



(under the circumstances, for the 
occasion) ; pro se {according to 
ojie's ability). — In compos., pro, 
prod, before, in front, forward, 
down, forth, for, in favor of. 

pro (proh), [?], interj., oh! (of 
surprise, grief, or indignation) . 

proavus, -I, [pro-avus], m., a 
great-grandfather. — Less exactly, 
an ancestor. 

probo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fpro- 
bo-J, 1. v. a., (make good by test- 
ing), test. — Also, approve, permit 
(approve of an action) . 

Procas, -ae, [ ?] , m., a king of Alba. 

procax, -acis, [fpro^a- (of proco) 
+ cus (reduced), cf. capax], adj., 
insolent (in demand) . — Trans- 
ferred, boisterous. 

procedo, -cessl, -cessum, -cede- 
re, [pro-cedo], 3. v. n., go for- 
ward, advance, come forward, go 
on, go, come forth, proceed. — Fig., 
glide on, pass, go, roll on. 

procella, -ae, [pro-fcella, cf. per- 
cello, excello], f., a storm, a 
blast, a squall, a tenipest. — Fig., of 
popular fury, as in English. 

proceres, -um, [?, cf. archaic pro- 
cus], m. plur., the chiefs, the lead- 
ers, the nobles. 

procerus, -a, -um, [unc. comp. 
with pro], adj., tall, stately, lofty. 

processus, -us, [pro-cessus, cf. 
procedo], m., an advance. — Fig., 
progress, a course. 

Prochyta, -ae (-e, -es), [Gr. TIpo- 
XVT97], f., an island off the coast of 
Campania (now Procida). 

proclamo, -avl, -atum, -are, [pro- 
clamo], 1. v. a., cry aloud, cry out. 

Procne, see Progne. 

Procris, -is (-idis), [Gr. UpoKpis'], 
f., the wife of Cephalus, who was 
accidentally shot by her husband. 

procubo, -cubul, -cubitum, -cu- 
bare, [pro-cubo], 1. v. n., lie 
along, He at length, fall. 

procud§, -cudl, -cusum, -cudere, 
[pro-cudo], 3. v. a., hammer out, 
sharpen. 

procul [?],adv., at some distance, 



220 



Vocabulary. 



at a distance, afar, far, far away, 
from far, from afar : procul este 
(withdraw, come not -near). — Also, 
near by, not far. — Also, high, on 
high. 

proculco, -avl, -atum, -are, [pro- 
calco], i^. v. a., trample down. 

procumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [pro-cumbo], 3. v. n., 
lie prostrate, lie a£ length, lie down, 
lie, be prostrated, fall forzuard, 
fall prostrate, fall, be slain, sink to 
sleep. — Perf., have fallen, lie. — 
Less exactly, bend forwards (cf. 
incumbo), bend to (of oars). — 
Fig., be overthrown, fall. . 

procuro, -avl, -atum, -are, [pro- 
euro], 1. v. a., take care of: cor- 
pus {refresh one^s self). 

procurro, -curri(-cucurri), -cur- 
sum, -currere, [pro-curro], 3. 
v. n., run forzuard, advance, rush 
against, charge. — Fig., of a tongue 
of land, run out. 

procursus, -us, [pro-cursus, cf. 
procurro], m., a rush, an onset. 

procurvus, -a,-um, [pro-curvus], 
adj., curved, bent, winding. 

procus, -1, [?, perh. root of precor 
+ us], m., a suitor. 

prodeo, -Ivi (-ii), -itum, -ire, 
[prod-eo], irr. v. n., go forward, 
go forth, advance. — Fig., of a pro- 
jecting point, run out. 

prodigium, -1 (-11), [poss. pro- 
digium (^/dic-f- ium, cf. digi- 
tus)], n., a portent, a prophetic 
sign, a prodigy, an omen, an evil 
prophecy. — Also, a monster. 

prodigus, -a, -um, [prod-agus 
( V a g+ us ) ]> a dj-> wasteful, lavish. 

proditio, -onis, [as if pro-ditio, cf. 
prodo], f., treachery. 

prodo, -didi, -ditum,.-dere, [pro- 
do], give forth, put forth, propa- 
gate, found (a race). — Also, give 
away, betray, treacherously destroy. 
— Also, shozu, declare. 

produco, -duxl, -ductum, -du- 
cere, [pro-duco], 3. v. a., bring 
forzuard, lead forth, bring out (from 
the house, of a dead body, = lay in 



the grave) . — Also, produce, bring 
forth. — Also, prolong. 

proelium, -1 (-ii), [?], n., a battle, 
a combat, fighting. — Less exactly, 
a war. 

Proetides, -um, [Gr. npon-tSes], f. 
plur., the daughters ofProtetis, king 
of Argos, who were changed by 
Juno into cows. 

prof anus, -a, -um, [pro-fano, decl. 
as adj.], adj., unholy, profane. — 
Masc. plur. as subst., the unholy, 
the uninitiated. 

profecto [pro-facto], adv., surely, 
truly. — With hortatory expres- 
sions, pray, I beg. 

profectus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
ficio. 

profectus, -a, -um, p.p. of profi- 
ciscor. 

profero, -tull, -latum, -ferre, 
[pro-fero], irr. v. a., carry for- 
zuard, extend, prolong, put off, 
postpone. 

proficio, -feci, -fee turn, -ficere, 
[pro-facio], 3. v. a. and n., go for- 
zuard (cf. proficiscor), make 
progress : nil profeci (/ have 
gained nothing). 

proficiscor, -fectus, -ficisci, [as 
if pro-ffaciscor (lost incept, of 
facio)], 3. v. dep., {go forth, cf. 
proficio), set out, set out for, pro- 
ceed from, come from. — Also, of 
descent, proceed from, originate 
with. 

profio, -avi, -atum, -are, [pro- 
flo], 1. v. a., blozu forth, breathe 
forth.^ 

profluo, -fluxi, -fluxum, -fluere, 
[pro-fluo], 3.V. n., flow forth, flozu 
out,fiozu. . 

fprofor (not found), -f atus, -farl, 
[pro-for], 1. v. dep., speak out, 
speak. 

profugus, -a, -um, [pro-ffugus 
(yfug+us)], adj„ flying, in 
flight, fugitive, exiled — As subst., 
# fugitive, an exile. 

profundo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [pro-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
forth, shed. 



Vocabulary. 



221 



profundus, -a, -um, [pro-fundus], 

adj., deep, profound, the depths of: 
caelum. — Fig., of darknes5, deep- 
est. — Neut. as subst., the deep. 

progenies, -ei, [fpro-fgenies 
(^/genH- ies, cf. series)], f., off- 
spring, progeny, a title, a race. — 
Of individuals, a son, offspring. — 
Also of animals, young, offspring, 
a brood, a szuarm. 

progigno, -genui, -genituni, -gig- 
nere, [pro-gigno], 3. v. a., beget, 
bring forth. 

Progne, -es, [Gr. UpoKpri], f., the 
wife of Tereus and sister of Philo- 
mela. She was changed into a 
swallow. See Philomela. — Po- 
etically, for the swallow itself. 

progredior, -gressus,-gredi, [pro- 
gradior], 3. v. n., proceed, go forth, 
advance, com e fo rth . 

progressus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
gredior. 

proh, see pro. 

prohibeo, -hibui, -hibitum, -hi- 
bere, [pro-habeo], 2. v. a, hold 
off, keep off, drive off, -ward off, 
avert, debar, shut out. — - Also,y^r- 
bid, prevent, restrain, keep from 
(some action). 

proicio, -feci, -iectum, -icere, 
[pro-iacio], 3. v. a., throw forth, 
throw away, cast away, cast up, 
throw off, expose.. — Also, throw 
forward, cast, throw down, throw, 
put fo)-ward, let drop. — proiec- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., project- 
ing, lying at length, prostrate, 
lying 

proiectus, -a, -um,p.p. of proicio. 

proinde [pro-inde], adv., hence, 
therefore. 

prolabor, -lapsus, -labl, [pro- 
labor], 3. v. dep., slide forward, 
slide down (cf. proicio), fall to 
ruin, fall. 

prolapsus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
labor. 

proles, -is, [pro-oles, cf. suboles], 
f., progeny, offspring, a line (of 
descendants), a family, a race. — 
Of individuals, a son, a descendant : 



Cyllenia {the son born on, &c.) ; 
alia {another years offspring) . — ■ 
Also, of plants, growth, increase. 

prolixus, -a, -um, [pro-laxus], 
adj., long : barba {flowing). 

proludo, -lusl, -lusum, -ludere, 
[pro-ludo], 3. v. n., fence -before- 
hand. — Less exactly, of animals, 
prepare, practise, try its strength. 

proluo, -lui, -lutum, -luere, [pro- 
luo], 3. v. a., wash up, throw tip. 

— Also, wash away, wash out. — 
Fig. : proluit se, drains a mighty 
draught. 

proluvies, -ei, [pro-fluvies (ylu 
+ ies, cf. illuvies)], f., an over- 
flow. — J^ess exactly, excrement. 

promereo, -menu, -meritum, 
-merere, [pro-mereo], 2. v. a., 
deserve. — Pass, as dep., deserve 
(well or ill of one), serve one: 
plurima te proxneritam {the very 
many favors I owe you). 

Prometheus, -ei (-eos), [Gr.npo- 
/A7iQevs~], m., the son of Iapetus. 
He stole fire from heaven to ani- 
mate the man he had formed of 
clay. For this act he was pun- 
ished by a vulture on Mt. Caucasus. 

promissum, -1, [n. p.p. of pro- 
mitto], n., a promise, what otie 
has promised, a promised prize 
{boon, &c). 

promissus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
mitto.^ 

promitto, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [pro-mitto], 3. v. a., let go 
forth, let grow (of the hair) . — Fig., 
give out, promise (generally on re- 
quest, cf. polliceor), agree : me 
promisi ultorem {promise to be). 

— promissus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., long, flowing : barba (see also 
promissum) . 

promo, prompsl, promptum, 
promere, [pro-emo] , 3. v. a.,' take 
out. — With reflexive, come forth. 

— Esp., draw out of the general 
stock for use (cf. promus, a stew- 
ard), bring out, put forth, employ. 
— promptus,-a, -um, p.p., drawn 
out, ready, at hand, easy. 



222 



Vocabulary. 



Promolus (-ulus), -I, [?], m., a 
Trojan. 

promoveo, -niovi, -motum, -rao- 

' vere, [pro-moveo], 2. v. a., move 
onward, impel. 

pronubus, -a, -um, [pro-fnubus 
(root of nubo + us)], z&y^of mar- 
riage. — Fern, as subst., a witness 
ox guardian (the matron attending 
the bride at a marriage, cf. aus- 
pex). — Hence as epithet of Juno 
and poetically of other divinities, 
Pronuba, goddess of marriage. 

pronus, -a, -um, [stem of pro + 
nus], adj., bending fo.rivard, head- 
long, headfore?nost, forward, down- 
ward, falling. — Fig., rapid, sivift, 
■ swift-flowing : prona aqua {down 
stream) ; prona maria (unob- 
structed} . 

propago, -inis, [as if pro-fpago 
(stem from -y/pag + o), cf. pro- 
pages, compares], f., a layer 
(a shoot pegged down to root 
again, as is still practised), layers 
(collectively) . — Fig., offspring, 
progeny, descendants, a line (of 
descendants). 

prope [prob. pro-pe, cf. quippe], 
adv. and prep.,?^*?;', nearby, close to. 

properatus, -a, -um, p.p. of pr.o- 
pero. 

propere [abl. of properus], adv., 
quickly, hastily. 

propero, -avl, -atum, -are, [f pro- 
pero-], 1. v. a. and n., hasten, make 
haste, hasten to do (to have done), 
do with haste (what is indicated 
by the context).: adiungi gene- 
rum (be in haste to have united, 
&c.) ; properanda (to be done in 
haste) ; fulmina( forge with speed) ; 
properari vides (you see men 
hastening)-, properata (ofseecls, 
forced) ; arma (bring "with haste) ; 
mortem (haste to win). 

properus, -a, -um, [pro-fparus, 
whence paro],* adj., hastening, 
active, busy. 

propexus, -a, -um, [pro-pexus, 
p.p. of pecto], adj. , combed down, 
hanging down. 



propinquo, -avi, -atum, -are, 

[fpropinquo-], 1. v. a. and n., 
bring near. — Intrans., approach, 
be near, come near, draw near, 
come (to a place expressed by the 
context) . 

propinquus, -a, -um, [stem akin 
to prope + cus], adj., near, neigh- 
boring, near by, akin, kindred. 

propior,-us,-oris, [prope (or stem 
akin) + ior,compar.],adj., nearer. 

— Neut. plur., the nearer space. — 
Neut. sing, as adv., nearer, more 
closely. — proximus, -a, -um, 
[.?; unc. stem + timus], superb, 
nearest, next, close by, most like. — 
Neut. plur. : proxima quaeque, 
whatever comes nearest. 

propono, -posui, -positum, po- 
nere, [pro-pono], 3. v. a., set 
forth, propose, offer. ' 

proprius, -a, -um, [ ?, poss. akin 
to prope], adj., one^s own, of one^s 
own, peculiar, appropriate, one's 
natural. — Hence, lasting, con- 
tinuing, perpetual : propriam di- 
cabo (make one^s own forever). 

propter [prope + ter, cf. praeter], 
adv. and prep., near by, not far 
from. — Also (cf. ob), on account 
of, for the sake of. 

propugnaculum, -1, [propugna- 
(stem of propugno) + culum], 
n., a bulwark, a rampart, a mea?ts 
of defence (protection for defend- 
ers of walls) . 

prora, -ae, [Gr. irpcopa],i., the prow 
(of a ship). — Less exactly, a 
ship. 

proripio, -ripui, -reptum, -ripe- 
re, [pro-rapio], 3. v. a., drag 
forth. — With reflexive (sometimes 
omitted), hasten, hurry away. 

prorumpo, -rupl,-ruptum, -rum- 
pere, [pro-rumpo], 3. v. a. and n. 
Causative (cf. rumpo), cause to 
break forth, belch forth. — Pass, or 
with reflexive, break forth : pro- 
ruptum mare (a raging sea) ; 
proruptus sudor (bursting forth) . 

— Intrans., rush forth, fling oize's 
self forward. . 



Vocabulary. 



223 



proruptus, -a, -um, p.p. cf pro- 
rumpo. 

proscaenium (prosce-), -1 (-11), 
[Gr. TTpocTKr.yioy^ , n., a stage, prop- 
erly the place in front of the scene 
(see scaena), where the action 
was performed. 

proscindo,-scidl, -scissum, -scin- 
dere, [pro-scindo], 3. v. a., tear, 
rend in pieces, cut. — Esp., plough; 
particularly for the first time, break 
up. 

proscissus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
scindo. 

prosequor,-secutus, -sequi, [pro- 
sequor], 3. v. dep., follow out, 
follow after, attend, speed on one's 
way, folloza, escort. — Also, pro- 
ceed, go on. — Also, follow up, treat, 
of (cf. "pursue a subject"). — 
From last words at parting, dis- 
miss, take leave of, send on one's 
way (with wishes, &c.) ; so, receive, 
reply to. 

Proserpina, -ae, [prob. corrupted 
fr. Gr. Uepae(p6ur], with an idea of 
connection with proserpo], f., 
the wife of Pluto, daughter of 
Ceres. She was stolen by Pluto 
from her mother, who sought her 
over the world. 

prosilio, -silul (-lyi, -ii), no sup., 
-silire, [pro-saliS], 4. v. n., leap 
forth, dart forth. 

prospecto, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[pro-specto], 1. v. a., look out 
upon, gaze at. — Aho, expect, a 7uait. 

prospectus, -us, [pro-spectus, cf. 
prospicio], m., an outlook, a 
prospect, a view, a sight. 

prosper, -era, -erum, [pro-fspe- 
rus, wh. spero], adj., according 
to one's hopes, favorable, propitious. 

prospicio, -spexi, -speetum, -spi- 
cere, [pro-specio, cf. conspi- 
cio], 3. v. a. andn., look out upon, 
behold, espy, gaze at, see, look out, 
gaze, look forth. — Also, foresee, 
prognosticate. 

prosubigo, no perf., no sup., -igere, 
[pro-subigo], 3. v. a., tear up. 

prosum, proful, prodesse, [pro- 



(prod-) -esse], irr. v. n., be of ad- 
vantage, profit, avail, be well. 

protectus, -a, -uri, p.p. of pro- 
tego.^ 

protego, -texl, -tectum, -tegere, 
[pro-tego], 3. v. a., cover, protect, 
defend. 

protendo, -tendi, -tentum (-ten- 
sum), -tendere, [pro-tendo], 
3. v. a., stretch out, stretch, strain : 
hastas {poise)-, protentus temo 
{extending) . 

protentus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
tendo. 

protenus, see protinus. 

protero, -trivi, -tritum, -terere, 
[pro-tero], 3. v. a., trample down. 

proterreo, -terrul, -territum, 
-terrere, [pro-terreo], 2. v. a., 
frighten away, put to flight. 

Proteus, -el (-eos), [Gr. npcoreus], 
m., a prophetic " old man of the 
sea," having a view of the entire 
abyss of the sea, and shepherd of 
the flocks of Neptune, the sea- 
calves. His dwelling was in the 
east of the Mediterranean (the 
island Pharos or Carpathus), near 
the mythic stream yEgyptus : and 
he was otherwise associated with 
Egypt. He had to be caught and 
bound to elicit prophetic answers 
from him, and he had the power 
of changing himself into all kinds 
of forms to avoid capture. 

protinus (protenus ), [pro-tenus] , 
adv., forward, further on, on : 
protinus una {continuously) ; ae- 
quasset nocti ludum {through- 
out) . — Also, next, then, after- 
wards, in after time. — Also, i?7i- 
mediately, forthwith, at once. 

protraho, -traxi, -tractum, -tra- 
il ere, [pro-traho], 3. v. a., drag 
forth. 

proturbo, -avl, -atum, -are, [pro- 
turbo], 1. v. a., drive away, repel, 
force back. 

provectus, -a, -um, p.p. of pro- 
veho.^ 

pro veho, -vexi, -vectum, -vehere, 
[pro-veho], 3. v. a., carry for- 



224 



Vocabulary. 



ward, bear on. — Pass, as dep., 

sail, ride, proceed. 
provenio,-veni,-ventum, -venire, 

[pro-venio], 4. v. n., come forth, 

spring up. — Fig., come to pass, 

happen. 
proventus, -us, [pro-ventus, cf. 

proveriio], m., a growth, increase, 

crop. 
pro video, -vldl, -visum, -videre, 

[pro-video], 2. v. a. and n., take 

care for, take care of, provide, get 

ready. 
provlsus, -a, -um, p.p. of provideo. 
provoco, -avi, -atuin, -are, [pro- 

voco], 1. v. a., call forth. — Esp., 

challenge. — Fig., challenge, vie 

with. 
provolvo, -volvi, -volutum, -vol- 

vere, [pro-volvo], 3. v. a., roll 

doivn, roll forward, roll over. 
proximus, see propior. 
prudens,-entis, [pro-videns], adj., 

wise, far-seeing. 
prude ntia, -ae, [fprudent + ia], 

f., wisdom, skill. 
pruina, -ae, [ ?],f., hoar-frost, snow, 

frost. — Poetically for winter. 
prima, -ae, [?], f., a live coal. 
prunum,-!, [GY.irpovvop~] , n., a plum. 
prunus, -1, [Gr. irpovvos~\, f., a plum- 
tree. 
Prytanis, -is, [Gr. Upyravis], m., 

a Trojan. 
Psythius, -a, -um, [Gr. "VvBios], 

adj., Psythian (a kind of vine). — 

Fern., the Psythia, the vine itself. 
pubens, -entis, [p. of f pubeo (fr. 

tpubi-), cf. pubesco], adj., full 

grown, juicy (of herbs at maturity) . 
puber, -eris, [?, cf. pubes], adj., 

dozvny, full grown. 
pubes, -is, [?], f., dozvn (as a sign 

of manhood) . — Hence, the groin. 

— Fig., youth, young men (arrived 
at manhood) . — Often of an army, 
which consisted of able-bodied 
males. — Hence, generally, people. 

— Less exactly, the young, of bul- 
locks.^ 

pubesco, pubui, no sup., pubes- 
cere, [fpube- (of pubeo, cf. 



pubens) + sco], 3. v. n., grow up, 
come to manhood. — Less exactly, 
ripen. 

pudendus, -a, -um ; see pudet. 

pudeo, -ul (-itum est), -itum, 
[?], 2. v. a. and n., shame, be 
ashamed. — Esp. impers. with ace. 
of person, shame one, one is 
ashamed, one disdains : jEneae 
segnes (be ashamed in the sight 
of) . — pudendus, -a, -um, p. 
ger., to be ashamed of, shameful. 

pudlcitia, -ae, [f pudico + tia (cf. 
amicitia)], f., modesty, chastity, 
purity (as a quality, cf. pudor). 

— Also, a feeling of shame. 
pudor, -oris, [pud (as root of 

pudeo) + or], m., a feeling of . 

shame, shame, modesty, chastity, 

honor, decency. 
puella, -ae, [fpuero (cf. puer) + 

la], f., a girl, a maid, a young 

bride. 
puer, -eri, [?], m., a child, a babe, 

a boy, a lad, a youth. Properly not 

over seventeen, but the word is 

naturally not used with exactness. 

— Also, a slave, a "boy." 
puerilis, -e, [fpuero- (reduced) + 

ilis], adj., childish, of children, of 
boys. 

pugna, -ae, [Vpug (in pugno) + 
na], f., a fight, a combat, a battle, 
a contest. - — Less exactly, a war. 

pugnator, -oris, [f pugna- (stem of 
pugno)+tor], m., a fighter. — 
In app. as adj., .pugnacious, 

pugnatus, -a, -um, p.p. of pugno. 

pugno, -avi, -atum, -are, [fpug- 
na-], I. v. tv., fight, zvage war, con- 
tend. — Fig., resist, fight against, 
struggle. — pugnatus, -a, -um, 
p.p. in pass, sense (derived from 
use of cognate ace), fought. 

pugnus, -I, [ VP U S ( in P u S n °) + 
nus], m., a fist. 

pulcher, -chra, -chrum, [?],adj., 
beautiful, fair, splendid, comely. — 
Fig., glorious, noble, excellent, fa- 
mous. 

pullulo, -avi, -atum, -are, [tpul- 
lulo-], I. v. n., sprout, grow rank. 



Vocabulary. 



22$ 



pullus, -I, [?, cf. Gr. ir&Xos, Eng. 

foal~\, m., a young one ', a foal. 

pullus, -a, -um, [ ?, but cf. 7reAAos] , 
adj., black, dark. 

pulmo, -onis, [perh. akin to Gr. 
irvev/uLcov, perh. borrowed], m., the 
lungs. 

pulsatus, -a, -um, p.p. of pulso. 

pulso, -avi, -atum, -are, [fpulso-], 
I. v. a. and n., beat, strike, battel-, 
kit, strike against, quiver, palpi- 
tate, sound (on the lyre) : ilia sin- 
gultibus {shake') ; pulsantenervo 
{twanging, as it snaps and drives 
the arrow) ; pulsans pavor (anx- 
ious throbbing) . — pulsatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., wave-beaten, 
re-echoing (struck by a sound), 
insulted (as if by a blow) . 

pulsus, -us, [ VP e l + ^ us > cf. pel- 
lo], m., a beating, a stroke, a 
trampling: pulsu saxa sonant 
{with an echo). 

pulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of pello. 

pulvereus, -a, -um, [fpulver- (of 
pulvis) + eus], adj., of dust. 

pulverulentus, -a, -um, [fpulver- 
(as if pulveru-) + lentus], adj., 
dusty, in a cloud of dust. 

pulvis, -eris, [?], in. and f., dust, 
dry ground \drotith), earth, mould: 
in pulvere (on the dusty field). 

pumex, -icis, [ ?] , m., pumice-stone, 
porous rock. 

puniceus (poen-), -a, -um, [fPu- 
nico- (reduced) + eus], adj., red 
(made from Tyrian dye, cf. Poe- 
nus), crimson, purph (bordering 
on red). 

Punicus (Poen-), -a, -um, [fPoe- 
no + eus], adj., Punic, Cartha- 
ginian, of Carthage. 

puppis, -is, [?], f., the stem (of a 
ship), the poop. — Less exactly, a 
ship, a boat, a vessel. — a puppi, 
astern. 

purgo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fpur- 
go- (fpuro-fagus), cf. narro], 
I. v. a., clean, clear : se nubes 
(clears away) . 

purpura, -ae, [Gr. iropcpvpa], f., 



purple, crimson, red. — Also, pur- 
ple (purple fabrics). 

purpureus, -a, -um, [fpurpura- 
(reduced) + eus], adj., purple (of 
various shades, with a tendency 
generally towards red), red, crim- 
son : purpurei cristis iuvenes 
(zvilh purple crests) ; purpureus 
pennis (purple-crested). — Hence, 
bright, gay, brilliant. 

purus, -a, -um, [ VP U (dean) + 
rus, cf. putus], adj., clean, pure, 
clear, bright, limpid : vestis (fair 
white) . — Also, unobstructed, open : 
per purum (through the open air). 

— Fig., unmixed, pure: hasta 
(headless) ; parma (witlu no de- 
vice) . 

putator, -oris, [fputa- (of puto) 
-ftor], m., a pruner, a vine- 
dresser. 

puteus, -I, [poss. fputo- (of putus) 
-fjius], m., a well, a pit. 

puto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fputo- 
(of putus, VP 11 ' clean, + tus)], 
I . v. a., clean. — Esp., trim, prune. 

— Fig., clear up (accounts). — 
Hence, reckon, account, consider, 
think, suppose, revolve (in the 
mind), ponder. 

putris (-ter), -is, -e, [VP U ^ n 
puteo) + ris], adj., rotten, mel- 
low, crumbly, loose : fungi (sooty) . 

Pygmalion, -onis, [Gr. riiry/za- 
AiW], m., Dido's brother,' who 
killed his sister's husband. 

pyra, -ae, [Gr. irvpd], f., a funeral 
pile, a pyre. 

Pyracmon, -onis, [Gr. TlvpdKficay'], 
m., a Cyclops, a blacksmith in the 
forge of Etna. 

Pyrgi, -orum, [Gr. TIvpyoi~], m. 
plur., a town of Etruria. 

Pyrgo, -us, [Gr. Tlvpyd>~], f., the 
nurse of Priam's children. She 
accompanied the expedition of 
/Eneas. ' 

Pyrrha, -ae, [Gr. Uvppd], f., the 
wife of Deucalion, who with her 
husband survived the deluge, and 
who by throwing stones behind 
her repeopled the earth. 



226 



Vocabulary. 



Pyrrhus, -I, [Gr. Uvppos'], m., the 
son of Achilles (called also Neop- 
tolemus). After fighting in the 
Trojan war, he founded a kingdom 



in Epirus. Becoming a suitor for 
the hand of Helen, he was slain by- 
Orestes. 



Q- 



qua, fern. sing, and neut. plur. of 
quis indef. 

qua [abl. of qui, cf. ea], rel. adv., 
by which way, whereby, where, 
by which, as. 

qua [abl. of quis (same word as 
preceding)], interr. adv., hoiv? in 
what way ? 

quacunque (also separate), [qua- 
cunque], rel. adv., in whatever 
way, whichever way, wherever. — 
Also, in any way whatever, in 
whatever way one can, by any 
means. 

quadra, -ae, [some form of quat- 
tuor+ a (f. of -us)], f., a square, 
a table.— Also of the square loaves 
used as trenchers and eaten by the 
Trojans. 

quadrifidus, -a, -um, [fquadro- 
(cf. quadra) -fidus (ffid in findo 
-f us)], adj., four-cleft, four- 
parted. 

quadrigae, -arum, [perh. fqua- 
dro-fagus,cf. prodigus], f. plur., 
a four-horse tea?Ji, four horses 
(abreast), horses (for the chariot), 
a four-horse chariot. 

quadriiugis, -e, = quadriiugus, 
[same stem weakened] . 

quadriiugus, -a, -um, [fquadro- 
fiugo-, cf. iugum, deck as adj.], 
adj., with four horses, four-horse, 
four abreast : equos (double pair 

»/)■ „ 
quadro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fqua- 

dra-], I. v. a. and r\.,form in a 
sqttare. — Intrans., to fit squarely 
with. 

quadrupedans, -antis, [p. of obs. 
or imaginary quadrupedo], adj., 
galloping: sonitus (sound of gal- 
loping feet). — Plur., steeds, horses. 

quadrupes, -pedis, [fquadro-pes, 
deck as adj.], adj., going on four 



feet. — As subst.,'^ quadruped, a 
horse, a stag. 

quaero, quaeslvi, quaesitum, 
quaerere, [?, originally quaeso, 
-y/quaes as root], 3. v. a., seek, 
seek to gain, search for, look for, 
seek out, go to, endeavor, desire. — 
Esp., seek for gain, seek gai?t, gain, 
win, acquire. — Also, ask for, ask, 
enquire. — Also, miss, look for 
(and not find) : te suum clex- 
tera (finds not you its owner). — 
quaesitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj. : 
munus (acquired) ; herbae (gath- 
ered) ; artes (applied, employed) ; 
boves (missing). — Neut. plur., 
gains. — quaerens, -entis, p. as 
subst.,<7 seeker.— quaeso, enquire 
(rare and archaic) : talia (make 
stick enquiries) . — Parenthetically, 
I pray, I beg, pray. 

quaesitor, -oris, [fquaesi- (stem 
of quaero, in 4. conj.) -f tor], m., 
an investigator, a Judge (in ancient 
sense as investigator). 

quaesitus, -a, -um, p.p. of quaero. 

quaeso, see quaero. 

qualis, -e, [fquo- (of qui and 
quis)+alis], pron.adj. 1. Interr. 
(in questions and exclamations), 
of what sort, tvhat, what a man 
(or the like), what kind of — 
2. Rel. (with correk expressed or 
implied), (of which kind), as (the 
quality being implied in Eng. in a. 
preceding such, or the like), such 
(implied in what precedes) . . . as. 
— Equal to an adv., just as, as. 

qualus (-um), -I, [?, cf. colum], 
m. and n., a basket. — Esp. for 
straining wine, a wicker strainer. • 

quam [unc. case-form of quis and 
qui,cf. nam], adv.. 1: Interr., how, 
hoiv much. — 2. Rel., as much, as, 
than. — Its force after prius, ante, 



Vocabulary, 



227 



and post is in Eng. often contained 
in some other word. — With com- 
paratives, {the) . . . the. — With su- 
perlatives, as much as possible, very. 

— With anteced. omitted, as many 
as, so . . . as, — See also ante, 
prior, post, and tarn. 

quamvis [quam-vis], adv., as you 
wish, as you will, hoivever much, 
however. — Also, althotigh, though. 

quando [prob. abl. of unc. stem 
(quam? + dus)], adv. and conj. 
I. Interr., at what time? when? 

— 2. Indef., at any time, ever 
(affirmative, cf. unquam with neg- 
atives), at some time. — 3. Rel., 
when, now that, since, as. — Fig. 
(in causal sense), since, inasinuch 
as, seeing that. 

quandoquidem (rarely quando-) 
[ quando- quidem], adv., since, in- 
asmuch as, seeing that. 

quanquam(quam-) [quam-quam, 
cf. quisquis], adv., {however), 
although, though. — Also (in a cor- 
rective sense, as often in Eng.), 
though, still, however, but. 

quantus, -a, -um, [pron. Vquo + 
antus (with lost v), cf. Sk. -vant], 
pron. adj. 1. Interr., how great? 
how much ? what a, what. — -2 v Rel., 
as (cf. qualis). — With omitted an- 
tecedent, as great as, as much as, 
not less than. — Ace. as adv. (both 
senses), how much, how, how long, 
as much, as, as far as, as much as, 
as long as. — Abl. as adv., how 
much, how, as much, as. — With 
comparatives, {the) . . . the. 

quare [qua re], adv. 1. Interr., on 
what account ? why ? — 2. Rel., on 
which account, where/or e, therefore '. 

quartus, -a, -uin, [tquattuor + 
t-J.3], num. did]., fourth. 

quassatus,-a, -um, p.p. cf quasso. 

quasso, -avi, -atum, -are, [f quas- 
so- (cf. quatio)], 1. v. a. and n., 
shake, loss, brandish. — Of the effect, 
shatter, batter. — Intrans., shake : 
siliqua quassans {rattling). 

quater [unc. form fr. quattuor, cf. 
ter], num. adv., four times. 



quaterni, -ae, -a, [fquattuor + 
nus], adj. plur., four at a time, 
four in each. 

quatio, fquassl (only in compos.), 
quassum, quatere, [?], 3. v. a., 
shake, agitate, cause to tremble, 
stir. — x\lso, batter, shatter, demol- 
ish, overthrow, beat, lash, drive, 
worry, harass : campos {scour, 
of horsemen sent on a raid) ; cur- 
su {subdue, of horses) ; funda- 
menta {rend). 

quattuor (quatuor) [?, petrified 
and reduced nom., cf. Terraces], 
num. adj. indecl., four. 

-que [unc. case-form fqtio-, cf. Te], 
conj., and (connecting the word to 
which it is affixed or the clause in 
which that word is). — Repeated 
(or with et, atque, or ac), both 
. . . and, as well . . . as, and (omit- 
ting the first). — Equal to cum, 
when : vix fatus erat, subitoque 
intonuit. — Equal to Eng. or (fr. 
a different view in Latin) : ter 
quaterque. — ' With explanatory 
force : segetes altae campique 
natantes (both meaning the same 
thing). 

queo, qulvl (-11), quitum, quire, 
[?], 4. v. n., can, be able, 

Quercens, -entis, [perh. f quercu-], 
m., a Rutulian. 

quercus, -us, [?], f., an oak (sa- 

• cred to Jove), oak leaves, a twig 

of oak : civilis (the civic crown 

of oak leaves, given for saving the 

life of a fellow-citizen). 

querela (-ella), -ae, [as if quere-, 
supposed stem of queror (cf. sua- 
dela) -f la], f., a complai?it, a 
plaint (of songs of birds), a cry 
(of distress) . 

quernus, -a, -um, [fquercu- (re- 
duced) -}- nus], adj., of oak, oaken ; 
glandes {oak mast, acorns). 

queror, questus, querl, [ y'ques], 
3. v. n. and a., complain, bewail, 
complain of: plura querens {ut- 
tering further coinplaint:) . — Po- 
etically : bubo {wail, cry) . 

querulus, -a, -um, [fquero- (lost 



228 



Vocabulary. 



or assumed, akin to queror)-f- lus], 
adj., complaining: cicadae {mel- 
ancholy). 

questus, -us, [^/ques (in queror) 
+ tus], in., a complaint. — Poeti- 
cally, complaining note, plaint. 

qui, quae, quod, [pron. ^/quo + 
i(?) and -y/qui], rel. pron., who, 
which, that. — Often with antece- 
dent not expressed, these who, those 
who, what, whoever, whatever. — 
Where in Eng. a demonstrative is 
used, and he &c, but he, he, this. 

— Also, as (cf. qualis). — quod, 
neut., as to wJiich, now, but, and : 
quod si {now if) ; quod ut (and) ; 
quod te oro {and so I pray). — 
Also, a thing which (so id quod 
in same sense) : quod superest 
{furthermore, it is further to be 
said, the only thing remaining). 

— ex quo, from the time when, 
since, after. 

qui, abl. of qui. 

quia [case-form of fqui- (prob. ace. 
plur. neut.)], conj., because (a real 
reason, cf. quoniam and quod) : 
quiane {is it becattse). 

quiauam (or separate), [quia (as 
interr.) -nam], adv., why, pray ? 

quiane, see quia. 

quicquam, see quisquam. 

quicumque (-cunque), quae-, 
quod-, (also separate), [qui- 
cumque (cf. quisque)], indef. 
rel. pron., whoever, whatever, all 
who : quicunque violavimus {all 
of us who) ; sive quicunque fu- 
ror {whatever other) . — Also, any 
whatever, every possible : quocun- 
que modo {in any way whatever) . 

— Neut. with partitive gen. : quod- 
cunque regni {this realm such as 
it is) . 

quidam, quae-, quod- (quid-), 
[qui-dam (pron. y'da, cf. nam, 
tarn) ] , indef. pron., some one, some 
(regularly a definite person, though 
not named), certain, a. — Less 
exactly, some (indef.), one man. 

quidem [prob. qui (abl. of qui) 
-dem, cf. idem], adv., {in which 



way}), (confirmatory particle, very 
often unnecessary in Eng.), truly, 
also, too. — Concessive, to be sure. 
— Adversative, but,hozvever : haud 
impune quidem ; et quidem {and 
yet) . — ne . . . quidem (enclosing 
the emphatic word), not even, nor 
. . . either, not . . . any more. 

quies, -etis, [fquie- (cf. quiesco) 
+ tis (reduced, cf. sementis)], 
f., rest, repose, sleep, slumber, lei- 
sure, ease, stillness, quiet. 

quiesco, quievi, quietum, qui- 
escere, [fquie- (of lost or assumed 
fquieo, v'q u i> °f- civis, Ktiyiai) + 
sco], 3. v. a., come to rest, go to 
rest, rest, repose, cease, be stilled, ' 
become silent, lie idle, die dozvn. — : 
quietus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
qiciet, calm, peaceful, still, undis- 
turbed, unruffled, getttle : quietos 
cura sollicitat {their tranquil 
rest) ; quae vos fortuna quietos 
sollicitat {your peace) . 

quin [qui (abl. of quis) -ne], adv. 
I. Interr., {how not?), why not? 
(in exhortations) co?ne, now, nay, 
even, nay even, but rather, indeed. 
— 2. [abl. of qui]ne, rel. conj., 
so that not, but that, so but what, 
that, from {doing anything, with 
verbs of hindrance), to (do any- 
thing, with verbs of hindrance) : 
non possum quin {I cannot but). 

quinetiam, see 1. quin. 

quini, -ae, -a, [quinque (reduced) 
+ nus], num. adj. plur., jive each, 
five at a time. — Less exactly, five. 

quingenti, -ae, -a, [quinque (or 
quini?) -genti (fr. centum)], 
num. adj. plur., five hundred. 

quinquaginta [quinque -f- unc. 
form, cf. Trei/rfixoyra], num. adj. 
indecl., fifty. 

quinque [?, cf. 7reVre], num. adj. 
indecl., five. 

quintus (old quinct-) , ' -a, -um, 
[quinque "(reduced) + tus], num. 
adj., the fifth. 

quippe [quid-pe, cf. nempe], adv., 
truly, no doubt, in fact, doubtless : 
subito quippe fugit dolor {strange 



Vocabulary. 



229 



to say). — Ironical, forsooth, i?i- 
deed. — Also, for (strictly not cau- 
sal but explanatory) . 
Quirinalis, -e, [fQuirino- (re- 
duced) -f alis], adj., of Quirinus 
(Romulus). 
Quirinus, -1, [?, akin to Quiris], 
m., the name given to Romulus as 
the divinity of Rome. 
Quiris, -itis, (usually plur.), [f Curi- 
(of Cures), (lengthened, cf. civi- 
lis)-f tis (cf. Carmentis)], m., 
inhabitant {inhabitants) of Cures, 
the Quirites. — Also, Roman citi- 
zens, Quirites. — Poetically, citi- 
zens (of bees). 
quis, abl. or dat. plur. of qui. 
quis (qui), quae (qua, indef.), 
quid (quod), [pron. roots quo 
and qui as stems; same word as 
qui], interr. pron., who, what, what 
sort of, in what condition. — quid, 
neut., why, what; (interrog. and 
exclam.), how is it with ? what 
about ? what of? — As indef., any, 
anyone (sometimes equal eachone), 
anything, one, so??ie one, something. 
quisnam (qui-), quae-, quid- 
(quod-), (also separate), [quis- 
nam, cf. nam], interr. and indef., 
who pray, what pray, who, what 
(emphatic) . 
quisquam, quae-, quid- (quic-), 
[quis (as indef.) -quam], indef. 
pron. (universal, hence only with a 
.negative expressed or hinted at, cf. 
aliquis, quis, with affirmatives), 
anyone, a7iy man, anything : mi- 
natur si quisquam adeat {if any- 
one should, &c, implying that they 
will not). — With expressed neg., 
no one, nothing. 
quisque, quae-, quid- (quie-), 
[quis-que], indef. pron., each one 
(of several, cf. uterque), each, 
every, everyone, every man, every- 
thing, all. — Often with a superla- 
tive: proxima quaeque {ez'ery- 
thing in tJie way, with idea of suc- 
cession) . — With two, equal to two 
comparatives, the more . . . the 
more. 



quisquis, quidquid (quiequid), 
[quis doubled], indef. rel. pron., 
whoever, whatever. 

1. quo [prob. old dat. pron. ^/quo], 
adv., whither (both interr. and rel.), 
"where (in corrupt Eng. sense of 
whither). — Fig., to ivhat end, for 
what purpose, of what use. 

2. quo [abl. of pron. fquo-], conj. 
(adv.), {by which), in order that, 
that. 

quocirca (also separate), [quo (abl. 
or dat.) -circa], adv., wherefore. 

quocunque (also separate), [quo 
cunque], rel. adv., whithersoever, 
wherever, however, "whichever way 
(ace. to English idiom), whatever 
way. 

quod [n. of qui, ace. or nom. (perh. 
both)], conj., that, because (a real 
cause, cf. quoniam), in that, as 
to, as for (with participle in Eng.). 
— est quod, there is reason why. 
See also qui. 

quom, see cum. 

quomodo (or separate), [quo (abl.) 
modo], adv., in zvhat way, how, 
in which manner, as. 

quonam [1 . quo-nam] , adv., whither 
pray, Oh whither, whither (em- 
phatic), where. 

quondam [quom (cum) -dam, cf. 
quidam], adv., {at a certain 
time), once, formerly, before, just 
now. — Of time future, one day, 
hereafter, by and by. — Indef., 
some time, sometimes. 

quoniam [quom-iam] , adv. (conj.), 
now that. — Also, seeing that, since 
(of an explanatory fact, cf. quod), 
inasmuch as. 

quo que [unc. form of qui + que, cf. 
quisque], conj., also, too, as well, 
twt less, even. 

quot [prob. pron. ^Jcp& + ti, cf. 
Sk. kati], adj. indecl. (interr. and 
rel.), how many, as many, as (cf. 
qualis), as many as (with omitted 
antecedent). — quot (quod) annis 
{as ?nany years as there are), 
yearly, every year. 

quotannis, see quot and annus. 



230 



Vocabulary. 



quotiens (-es), [tquoti + ens, cf. 
quinqviiens], adv., how many 
times, how often, as often, as often 



as, as many times as (cf. quot). 
quousque (also separate), [i. quo- 
usque], adv., how far, hozv long. 



R. 



rabidus, -a, -urn, [noun-stem akin 
to rabies (cf. rabula) + dus], 
adj., raving, raging, furious, sav- 
age. — Transferred, ravenous, rav- 
ening : fames. 

rabies, -em, -e, [^/rab (in rabio, 
etc.)+ ies], f., madness, rage, rav- 
ing (inspiration) , fury (of storms, 
&c.) : edendi, ventris {ravening 
hunger). 

race m us, -I, [?], m., a cluster (of 
berries or grapes), a bunch, grapes, 
berries. 

radio, -avl,-atum, -are, [f radio-], 
I . v. a. and n. {furnish with rays) . 
— Intrans., shine. — radians, 
-antis, p. as adj., bright, radiant, 
gleaming. 

radius, -i (-ii), [perh. akin to ra- 
dix], m., a staff, a rod (esp. for 
measuring), a spoke, a sJiuttle, an 
olive (of a peculiar kind, elon- 
gated), a strand or spike (of a 
thunderbolt). — Esp., a ray, a 
beam. 

radix, -icis, [perh. akin to radius], 

■ f ., a root. — Also, a foundation, a 
fastening (at the bottom). 

rado, rasi, rasum, radere, [?], 
3. v. a., scrape, shave, peel. — Fig., 
graze, pass closely, coast along. — 
With cogn. ace, cleave, skim.. 

Raeticus (Rhae-), -a, -um, [fRae- 
to + eus], adj., of the Rati (a na- 
tion south of the Danube, in Tyrol, 
&c), Rcetian ; R<ztica (a kind of 
_grapes). 

rameus, -a, -um, [framo- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of branches. 

ramosus, -a, -um, [framo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., brandling. 

ramus, -1, [perh. akin to radix], 
m., a bough, a branch, a twig. 
(Boughs hung with woollen fillets 
were borne by suppliants). — Po- 
etically as yielding fruit. 



rana, -ae, [?], f., a frog. 

rapax, -acis, [ yrap + ax, cf. ca- 
pax], adj., snatching, greedy ; flu- 
vii{rapid, carrying everything with 
them) . 

rapidus, -a, -um, [frapo- (or -i) 
+ dus, cf. rapio], adj., {seizing), 
fierce, consuming, blazing, fiery 
(of heat). — Also, swift (cf. ra- 
pax), rapid, hurrying, quick, ac- 
tive : ungula {flying) ; vortices 
(whirling). 

raplna, -ae, [frapi- (as if stem of 
rapio) + na], f., robbery, plunder. 

— Concretely, booty. 

rapio, rapui, raptum, rapere, 
[-^/rap, akin to apira.£oi], 3. v. a., 
snatch, snatch away, seize, carry 
off, hurry away, huriy, drag, 
zvrest away, tear from, rob of, 
sweep azvay, szveep along. — Esp., 
plunder, steal, ravish, take, cap- 
ture. — raptum, -1, n. p.p. as 
subst., rapine, plunder, booty, spoil. 

— Intrans., hurry on. 

Rapo, -onis, [rapo], m., a Rutulian. 

raptatus, -a, -um, p.p. of rapto. 

raptim [as if ace. of f raptis ( yrap 
-f tis), cf. partim], adv., hastily, 
szvifily. 

rapto, -avi, -atum, -are, [frapto- 
(cf. rapio)], I. v. a., drag away, 
hurry off, drag. 

raptor, -oris, [ y'rap -f- tor], m., 
a plunderer. — In app. as adj., 
plundering, prowling. 

raptus, -a, -um, p.p. of rapio. 

raresco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 
[as if frare- (of lost or supposed 
frareo) + sco, cf. rams], 3. v. n. 
incept., grow thin : claustr a Pe- 
lori {widen, become less close to- 
gether) . 

rams, -a, -um, [?], adj., loose (op- 
posed to densus), zuide apart, 
thin, scattered, rare, straggling, 



Vocabulary, 



231 



few, here and there, scanty, rare- 
fied : retia {large-meshed, coarse) ; 
voces {broken). 

rasilis, -e, [fraso + lis], adj., pol- 
ished, -worked with a chisel. 

rastrum, -i, (pi. -i,-orum), [^/rad 
-f- trum], n. and m., a hoe (toothed 

- and heavy for breaking the soil). 

rasus, -a, -urn, p.p. of rado. 

ratio, -onis, [as if y'ra (in reor) 
+ tio (perh. frati +0)], f., a 
reckonifig, account, a plan, a way, 
means. — Also, intelligence, coun- 
sel, devices : sat rationis in ar- 
mis {any sense, &c). 

ratis, -is, [?, but cf. remus ?], f., 
a raft. — Poetically, a boat, a ship, 
a vessel. 

ratus, -a, -urn, p.p. of reor. 

raucus, -a, -um, [fravo- (or -i, 
cf. ravus, ravis) + cus], adj., 
hoarse, deep, harsh, roaring, mur- 
muring, screaming, shrill, clang- 
ing: rauco assensu {harsh ac- 
cord). — Xeut. as adv., harshly. 

re- (red-), [abl. of unc. stem], prep, 
in comp., back, again, tin- (revers- 
ing the action), forth. 

rebellis, -e, [re-fbello- (weakened 
and decl. as adj.), cf. exanimis], 
adj., renewing a war, insurgent, 
risijzg (in arms, after conquest). 

reboo, no perf., no sup., -are, [re- 
boo], I. v. n., resound, re-echo. 

recaleo, no perf., no sup., -ere, [re- 
caleo], 2. v. n., be warmed: flu- 
enta sanguine (run warm). 

recedo, -cessl, -cessum, -cedere, 
[re-cedo], 3. v. n., move back, 
withdraw, retire, retreat, come off, 
give way, recede, draw back, go 
away, pass away. 

recens, -entis, [?, p. of lost verb], 
Sid'}., fresh, new (not long in exist- 
ence, opposed to vetus, cf. no- 
vus, opposed to antiquus), re- 
cent, new-made, just risen : prata 
rivis {kept fresh) ; praedae (new- 
ly-won) ; recens a volnere (with 
her wound still fresh) . — Xeut. as 
adv.,fjst, lately. 

recenseo, -c ens ui, -censum(-cen- 



situm), -censere, [re-censeo], 
2. v. a., recount, enumerate, reckon 
up, count. 

recepto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fre- 
cepto- (p.p. of recipio)], 1. v. a., 
draw back. — With reflexive, re- 
tire, withdraw, hide. 

receptus, -a, -um, p.p. of recipio. 

receptus, -us, [as if re-captus, cf. 
recipio], m., a retreat, place of 
refuge. 

reeessus, -us, [re-cessus, cf. re- 
cedo], m., a retreat, a with- 
drawal : vastus {depth) . — Con- 
cretely, a recess. 

recidlvus, -a, -um, [as if frecidi 
+ vus, cf. recido, nocivus], adj., 
recurring. — Poetically, renewed, 
restored. 

recido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere, 
[re-caedo], 3. v. a., cut away, cut 
off, sever. 

recinctus,-a,-um, p.p. of recingo. 

recingo, perf. not found, -cinctum, 
-cingere, [re-cingo], 3. v. a., un- 
bind, unloose, loosen : recincta 
vest 8 {in flowing robe, a style 
peculiar to some rites). 

recipio, -cepi, -ceptum, -cipere, . 
[re-capio], 3. v. a., take back, with- 
draw, draw back, recover, rescue, 
receive (of something due), exact. 
— Also, receive (generally); admit: 
ad se (receive by one's side). — 
With reflexive, withdraw, retire. 

reclsus, -a, -um, p.p. of recido. 

reclamo, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
clamo], 1. v. a., cry out, roar. 

reclino, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
clino], 1. v. a., lean back: scuta 
(rest against their spears). 

recludo, -clusi, -clusum, -clude- 
re, [re-cludo], 3. v. a., unclose, 
open, uncover, lay bare, disclose, 
unsheath, pierce, turn up (of the 
earth) . — Poetically : caelum sol 
(unlock the gates of). 

reclusus, -a, -um, p.p. of recludo. 

recoctus, -a, -um, p.p. of recoquo. 

recognosco, -gnovi, -gnitum, 
-gnoscere, [re-cognosco], 3. v. a., 
review, examine. 



232 



Vocabulary. 



recolo, -eolul, -cultum, -colere, 

[re-colo], 3. v. a., refill. — Fig., 
consider, contemplate, survey. 

recondo, -condidi, -conditum, 
-condere, [re-condo], 3. v. a., 
hide away, conceal, bury (of a 
weapon), plunge, deposit. 

recoquo, -coxl, -coctum, -co- 
quere, [re-coquo], 3. v. a., re- 
forge, refine (by melting). 

recordor,-atus,-arI, [lost stem f re- 
cord- (re-fcord-, cf. coneors)], 
I. v. dep., recall to i7iind, recall. 

rector, -oris, [^r eg + tor], m.,a 
ruler, a director, a leader, a pilot, 
a steersman. 

rectus, -a, -um, p.p. of rego. 

recubo, no perf., no sup., -cubare, 
[re-cubo], 1. v. n., lie on the back, 
recline, lie at length, lie. 

recumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [re-cumbo], 3. v. ri., 
lie down, lie,' fall back, fall, lie 
loiv (of clouds), sink. 

recurro, -currl, -cursum, -cur- 
rere, [re-curro], 3. v. n., hasten 
back : sol recurrens {revolving) . 

recurso, -avl, -atum, -are, [re- 
cur so, cf. recurro], 1. v. n., run 
back. — Fig., recur, return, be re- 
nezved, be repeated: curae tuo 
dulci ex ore. 

recursus, -us, *[re-eursus, cf. re- 
curro], m., a returning course, a 
reflux, the ebb (of the waves) . 

recurvus, -a, -um, [re-curvus], 
adj., curving backward, curved. 

recuso, -avl, -atum, -are, [re- 
fcauso, cf.causor], 1. v. a. and n., 
excuse one's self, make objection, 
be reluctant, refuse, reject, decline, 
disavow: longe {shrink back afar). 

recussus, -a, -um, p.p. of recutio. 

recutio, perf. not found, -cussum, 
-cutere, [re-quatio], 3. v. n., 
strike back. — recussus, -a, -um, 
p.p., re-echoing. 

redarguo, -ul, no sup., -uere, 
[r^d-arguo], 3. v. a., disprove, 
refute. 

redditus, -a, -um, p.p. of reddo. 



reddo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, [red- 
do], 3. v. a., give back, restore, 
return, repay, pay, render. — With 
reflexive or in pass., return, go 
back: redditus {returning). — 
Also - , give forth, give up, yield, 
reitder up, utter, send forth. — 
Passive, appear, come forth, be 
heard. — Also of things given as 
due, give, consign, bestoiu, offer (as 
a sacrifice), impose. — Also, ren- 
der, make, imitate, express. 

redemptus, -a, -um, p.p. of re- 
dimo. 

redeo, -il (-IvI), -itum, -Ire, [red- 
eo], irr. v. n., go back, return, come 
back, come again, come in (of a 
race), beitd around (of a mountain- 
range) : armi {revolve). 

redimlculum, -I, [fredimi- (of 
redimio) + culum], n., a band, 
a headband, a fillet, a headdress. 

redimio, -il, -Itum, -lre,[ ?], 4.V. a., 
bind around, encircle, zvreathe. 

redimltus, -a, -um, p.p. of re- 
dimio. 

redimo, -eml, -emptum, -imere, 
[red-emo, buy], 3. v. a., buy back, 
ransom, redeem. 

reditus, -us, [red-itus, cf. redeo], 
m., a^return. 

redoleo^ -olul, no sup., -olere, 
[red-oleo], 2. v. a. and n., smell 
of emit an odor, be fragrant. 

reduco, -duxl, -ductum, -ducere, 
[re-duco], 3. v. a., lead back, bring 
back, draw back, restore, rescue : 
reducti remi {plied with force) ; 
reducitur aestas {returns). — 
reductus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
retired, secluded. 

reductus, -a, -um, p.p. of reduco. 

redux, -ucis, [re-dux], adj. (pass, 
sense), returni?ig ; returned, re- 
stored. 

refectus, -a, -um, p.p. of reiicio. 

refello, -fell!, no sup., -fellere, 
[re-fallo], 3. v. a., refute, disprove. 

refero, retull (rett-), relatum, 
referre, [re-fero], irr. v. a., bring 
back, a nswer,bea r ba ck, bring aga in , 
restore, give back {echo), change: 



Vocabulary, 



233 



pedem, vestigia {turn backward, 
retreat) ; consilia in melius 
(change)\ referri omnia (decline); 
vina Jhrow up) ; fert refertque 
fletus (bear again and again) ; 
vestigia in decimum annum (de- 
lay) . — With reflexive or in pass., 
return, come back, go back : hue 
omnia; currus; referuntur ha- 
benis datis (ride back) ; relatam 
classem nuntio (returned). — 
Also, carry (something which is 
due or to the place where it be- 
longs), bear, offer, pay, render, 
consign; hunc sedibus suis; venti 
ad aures divum (bear, whither it 
is sent) ; terraecacumen( //«/*/); 
hoc manibus patrum (give this 
message) ; numerum (report, ac- 
count for); gr ates (m a ke ret urn, cf. 
gratias ago, gratias habeo) ; se 
pestis (flies) ; sollemnia tumulo 
(perform) ; in te oculos (turn). 
— Also, repeat, represent, show 
signs of, betray, resemble : nomen 
avi (bear again) ; nomine avum ; 
te ore ; saporem salis (shozv) . — 
Also, bring forth, utter, give out, 
report, relate, tell, mention, recite : 
pectore voces ; horresco referens 
(to relate) ; signa sol (show, 
give) ; valles pulsae (echo) ; ge- 
mitum ictus (give forth) ; ipse 
parentem te (claim). 

refert, retulit, referre, [unc. case 
of res-fert], irr. v. imp., "it is im- 
portant, it is expedient. 

relicio, -feci, -fee turn, -ficere, 
[re-facio], irr. v. a., change, re- 
new, repair, restore, reinforce, re- 
fresh, encourage. 

refigo, -flxl, -fixum, -figere, 
[re-figo], 3.V. a., unfix, 'unloosen, 
tear down : figit leges renxitque 
(publish and tear down again, as 
laws jvere hung up on tablets). 

reiingo, no perf., no sup., -flngere, 
[re-fingo], 3. v. a., refashion, 
■mould again. 

ref ixus, -a, -um, p.p. of refigo. 

reflecto, -flexi, -flectum, -flecte- 
re, [re-necto], 3. v. a., bend back, 



turn back, bend, change : animum 

(turn one's attention). — In pass., 

bend: reflexus (bending round). 
reflexus, -a, -um, p.p. ofreflecto. 
refluo, no perf., no sup., -fluere, 

[re-nuo], 3. v. n., flow back, re- 
. cede, subside. 
reformido, perf. not found, -atum, 

-are, [re-formido], 1. v. a., dread. 

— Poetically, of trees injured by 

pruning. 
refringo, -fregl, -fractum,-frin- 

gere, [re-frango], 3. v. a., -break 

off „ 

refugio, -fugi, no sup., -fugere, 
[re-fugio], 3. v. a. and n.,fly back, 
shrink back, flee away, recede. — 
Fig., shrink, be reluctant, refuse, 
shrink from : fugit refugit (fly 
this iv ay and that) : animus me- 
minisse (shrinks from the recollec- 
tion?); sol (hide himself). 

refulgeo, -falsi, no sup., -fulgere, 
[re-fulgeo], 2. v. n., shine forth, 
gleam, shine, glitter. 

ref undo, -fudi, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [re-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
back, pour forth, throw back. — 
refasus, -a, -um, p.p., thrown 
up, poured forth, overflozuing : re- 
fuso Oceano (in the surrounding 
ocean). 

refusus, -a, -um, p.p. of refundo. 

refato, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
ffuto, cf. futatim, futilis], 1*. 
v. a., (force back), repel. — Also, 
refute, confute, prove false. 

regalis, -e, [freg- (of rex)+ alis], 
adj., kingly, royal, regal : comae 
(of the princess) . 

regificos, -a, -um, [freg- (as if 
regi-) -ficus], adj., regal. 

regina, -ae, [freg + ina, cf. gal- 
lina], f., a queen, a princess. — 
Of a divinity, royal mistress. — In 
app. as adj., royal (of the royal 
blopd)_. 

regi j, -onis, [as if ^/reg^- io (prob. 
through adj.-stem)], f., a direction, 
a course. — Also (cf. lines), a 
region, a quarter. 

regius, -a, -um, [freg + ius], adj., 



234 



Vocabulary. 



of a king, royal (cf. regalis, re- 
gal). — Also, princely, queenly, 
magnificent. — regia, fern., (sc. 
domus), a royal abode, a palace, 
a royal city. 

regnator, -oris, [fregna (of reg- 
no) + tor], m., a ruler, a sov- 
ereign, a king. 

regnatus, -a, -um, p.p. of regno. 

regno, -avi, -atum, -are, [freg- 
no], I. v. n. and a., reign, rule, 
bear sivay-. — Act., rule over. — 
Impersonal : regnabitur {the rule 
shall be). — regnandam Albam 
acceperit {the throne of Alba) ; 
regnandi cupido {of 'regal p owe r) ; 
ignis regnat per ramos {rage 
uncontr -oiled). 

regnum, -I, [^/reg + num (n.'of 
-nus, -cf. plenus)], n., a realm, a 
kingdom, regal power, a throne, a 
reign, command, authority. 

rego, rexi , rectum, regere, [ ^freg, 
akin to Gr. opeyco, Sk. rajan (cf. 
Rajah), Eng. right], 3. v. a., di- 
rect (orig. as of a line, &c. ?) , guide, 
steer; sol orbem {hold its course). 

— Esp., govern, ride, sway, con- 
trol : imperium Dido {hold sov- 
ereign command) . ■ — rectus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., straight, direct, 
right: rectis vestigia pedibus 
{straight- forward tracks) ; recto 
flumine {straight up the river)-, 
recto litore {straight along the 
shore) . — Neut. as subst, right, 
virtue. 

regressus, -us, [re-gressus, cf. re- 
gredior], m., a return, a change 
(gomg back). 

reicio (reiic-, reic-), -ieci, -iee- 
tum, -icere, [re-iacio], 3. v. a., 
throw back, throw away, throiv off, 
throw down, drive back, hurl back. 

— Fig., reject, refuse, cast (of the 
eyes), turn away. 

reiecto, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
iacio, cf. reicio], 1. v. a., throw- 
ing forth, throwing out. 

reiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of reicio. 

relabor, -lapsus, -labi, [re-labor] , 
3. v. dep., glide back, recede. 



relatus, -a, -um, p.p. of refero. 

relaxo, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
laxo], 1. v. a., loosen, free, open, 
rarefy. 

relego, -legi, -lectum, -legere, 
[re-lego], 3. v. a., coast by again, 
sail along again. 

relego, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
lego], 1. v. a., remove, send away, 
banish, consign, entrust. 

relictus, -a, -um, p.p. of relinquo. 

religatus, -a, -um, p.p. of religo. 

religio (rell-), -onis, [prob. re- 
legio, cf. relego], f., {reverence, 
diligent attention to a person, cf. 
observantia) . — Esp., reverence 
for the gods, piety, devotion, re- 
ligion, veneration. — Also, a cere- 
mony, an observance, a rite, sacred 
rites : prospera {omens). — Also,. 
of things, sanctity, holiness. — 
Transf., divinity (thing sacred). 

religiosus (rell-), -a, -um, ["(re- 
ligion + osus, poss. fr. some sim- 
pler stem], adj., sacred, venerable. 

religo, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
ligo], 1. v. a., bind fast, fasten, 
tether. — Esp. of vessels, moor. 

relino, -levl, -litum, -linere, [re- 
lino], 3. v. a., unseal, open. 

relinquo, -liqui, -lictum, -lin- 
quere, [re-linquo], 3. v. a.., leave 
behind, leave, abandon, depart 
from, forsake, give tip, relinquish, 
desert. . 

reliquiae (rell-), -arum, [freli- 
quo- (reduced) + ia], f. plur., 
remnants. : Danaum {remnants 
left by, &c). 

relticeo, -luxl, no sup., -lucere, 
[re-luceo], 2. v. n., shine forth, 
blaze up, shine, glare. 

reluctor, -atus, -arl, [re-luctor], 
I. v. dep., struggle. 

reniensus, -a, -um, p.p. of re- 
metior. 

remeo, -avi, no sup., -are, [re- 
meo], 1. v. n., return. 

remetior, -mensus, -metiri, [re- 
metior], 4. v. dep., measure back, 
retrace, traverse again. 



Vocabulary. 



235 



remex, -igis, [prob. -fremo-agus 
(reduced, cf. prodigus)], m., an 
oarsman, a roiver. — Collectively, 
oarsmen. 

remigium, -I, (-il), [fremig + 
ium],n., rowings oars (collective- 
ly), oarsmen. — Poetically : ala- 
rum {machinery). 

reminiscor, no p.p., reminisci, 
[re-miniscor; cf. comminiscor, 
^/man], 3. v. dep., remember. 

remissus, -a, -um, p.p. of remitto. 

remitto, -misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [re-mitto], 3. v. a., let go 
back, send back, return, repay. — 
With reflexive, return, come back. 
— A\so,give up, yield, relax, abate. 
— With reflexive, yield, admit one "s 
self conqitered. — Also, send forth, 
yield, give out. 

remordeo, perf. not found, -mor- 
sum, -mordere, [re-mordeo] , 
2. v. a., gnaw, vex, trouble. 

remotus, -a, -um, p.p. of removeo. 

removeo, -movl, -motum, -mo- 
vere, [re-moveo], 2. v. a*., move 
azuay, remove, conceal. 

remugio, no perf., no sup., -ma- 
glre, [re-mugio], 1. v. n., bellow 
forth, resound, belloiv, roar, mur- 
mur. 

remulceo, -mulsi, -mulsum, 
-mulcere, [re-mulceo], 2. v. a., 
droop (of an animal's tail, with al- 
lusion to the petting of domestic 
animals) . 

Remulus, -1, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

remurmuro, no perf., no sup., 
-are, [re-murmuro], 1. v. n.,give t 
forth a murmur, murmur, roar. 

Remus, -I, [?], m. : I. The brother 
of Romulus ; 2. A Rutulian. 

remus, -1, [prob. akin to iperfxos'], 
m., an oar. 

renarro, -avl, -atum, -are, [re- 
narro], 1. v. a., relate, tell. 

renascor, -natus, -nasel, [re- 
nascor], 3. v. dep., spring again, 
grow agai?i. 

renatus, -a, -um, p.p. of renascor. 

renldeo(-nidul), no sup., -nidere, 
[?], 2. v. n., beam forth, gleam. 



renovo, -avl, -atum, -are, [re- 

novo], I. v. a., renew. 
reor, ratus, reri, [fre- (of res), 

or stem akin], 2. v. dep., reckon, 

— tiiink, suppose, judge, suspect. — 
ratus, -a, -um, p.p. in act. sense, 
thinking, &c; in pass, sense, con- 
firmed, certain, valid, settled, se- 
cured. 

repello, repull (rep-), repulsum, 
repellere, [re-pello], 3. v. a., 
drive back, dash back, spurn, re- 
pel, thwart, reject. 

rependo, -pendi, -pensum, -pen- 
dere, [re-pendo], 3. v. a., weigh 
back. — Also (cf. pendo), pay 
back, requite : magna {fully re- 
quite); fata fatis {balance'). 

repens, -entis, [?], adj., sudden, 
tinexpected. 

repente [abl. of repens], adv., 
suddenly, unexpectedly. 

repereussus, -a, -uni, p.p. of re- 
percutio. 

repercutio, -cussi, -cussum, -cu- 
tere, [re-percutio], 3. v. a., strike 
back, reflect. 

reperio, reperi (repp-), reper- 
tum, reperire, [re(red)-pario], 
4. v. a., fi,7id, discover, detect. 

repertor, -oris, [as if re-partor, 
cf. reperio], m., a discoverer, an 
inventor, a progenitor (cf. pario). 

repertus, -a, -um, p.p. of reperio. 

repetitus, -a, -um, p.p. of repeto. 

repeto, -petil (-Ivi), -petltum, 
-petere, [re-peto], 4. v. a., go 
back for, go back to, seek again, re- 
turn, bring back, demand back, 
trace back, begin again, repeat, 
reme?nber. 

repleo, -plevi, -pletum, -plere, 

[re-fpleo, cf. compleo], 2. v. a., 

fill tip, fill, swell (of rivers) : popu- 

los sermone {fill the ears of, 

& Cl ). 

repletiis, -a, -um, p.p. of repleo. 

repono, -posui, -positum, -po- 
nere, [re-pono], 3. v. a., put back, 
replace, restore, repair, renew. ■ 

— Also, put aside, lay down, put 
down, set down, abandon : falcem 



236 



Vocabulary. 



arbusta {need no more). — Also, 
carry away, lay azvay, put away, 
lay, serve up, confer upon, store 
azvay: haec imis sensibus {let 
sink deep) . — repositus (repos- 
tus), p.p. as adj., far away, dis- 
tant, remote. — Also, buried. 

reporto, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
porto], I. v. a., bring back, carry 
back, report, announce : pedem 
ab hoste {turn back). 

reposco, no perf., no sup., -poscere, 
[re-posco], 3. v. a., demand back, 
demand (as due), claim, call for. 

repostus, -a, -urn, see repono. 

reprimo, -pressi, -pressum, -pre- 
mere, [re-primo], 3. v. a., hold 
back, check, restrain, stop. 

repugno, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
pugno], 1. v. n., resist, struggle. 

repulsus, -a, -um, p.p. of repello. 

requies, -etis (-el),, [re-quies], f., 
rest, repose, respite, cessation : tu 
requies miserae {rest, solace) ; ea 
certa laborum {rest, haven). 

requiesco, -quievl, -quietum, 

. -quiescere, [re-quiesco], 3. v. n., 

rest : flumina {stay their course). 

requiro, -qufslvi, -qulsitum, 
-qulrere, [re-quaero], 3. v. a., 
seek out, search for, seek, call for, 
miss, feel the need of ask, enquire. 

res, rel, [?, cf. rear], f., a thing, 
a matter, an event, an affair, an 
occurrence, a circumstance, an ex- 
ploit, an enterprise, an undertak- 
ing, a state of things : res Italae 
{exploits, history). — Also (plur.), 
nature, the earth, the universe: sors 
rerum {part of the universe)', 
rerum {in the world, with superl.) ; 
rerum dominos(o///^ world); res 
tenersie {frail creatures) ; max- 
ima rerum {of all things) . — Also 
(with or without an adj., fortune 
(either good or bad), circum- 
stances, power, the State, empire, 
condition, property, estate : sum- 
mae res {the highest interests);, 
tenues res {humble fortunes) ; 
fessi rerum {weary of their lot) . 
— Also : rebus novandis {for 



the new course of action) ; res 
tuae {your interests, party) ; res 
incognita {uncertain state of 
things)-, res divinae {religious 
rites) ; res summa {the main 
struggle, the general success) ; pro 
•re {ttnder the circumstances). 

reseindo, -scidi, -scissum, -scin- 
dere, [re-scindo], 3. v. a., cut 
away, tear away, tear down, lay 
open, cut into. 

reseco, -seem, -sectum, -secare, 
[re-seco], I. v. a., cut away, cut 
off, trim off. 

resero, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
sero], 1. v. a., unbar, unclose, open, 
disclose, reveal. 

reservo, -avi, -atiim, -are, [re*- 
servo], i.v. a., keep back, reserve, 
hold in reserve, keep, save. 

treses, -idis, [re- ^/sed as stem, cf. 
deses], adj., idle, inactive, dor- 
mant, peaceful. 

resideo, -sedi, -sessum, -sidere, 
[re-^sedeo], 2. v. n., sit down. 

resido, -sedi, no sup., -sidere, [re- 
sido], 3. v. n., sit down, sink down, 
halt, encamp, settle, fall back. — ■ 
Fig., subside, abate, cease, become 
calm (of the heart from passion). 

resigno, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
signo], i.v. a., unseal, open. — 
Poss^ also, seal, close (?). 

resisto, -stiti, no sup., -sistere, 
[re-sisto], 1. v. n., stop, make a 
stand, stand back (away), stand 
firm, resist, oppose, withstand. 

resolutus, -a, -um, p.p. of resolvo. 

resolvo, -so1a t 1, -solutum, -sol- 
vere, [re-solvo], 3. v. a., unloose, 
unbind, unseal, disenta?igle, open, 
break through, relax, scatter, dis- 
solve : ambages {unravel) ; iura 
{violate, break the tie) ; curas 
{break the bonds. of care). — With 
reflexive or in pass., dissolve, thaw, 
mellow. 

resono, -avi, no sup., -are, [re- 
sono], I.v. n., resound, murmur. 
— Active, cause to sound, fill with 
{song), make echo. — Also, sound 
{with the notes of), cf. redolco, 



Vocabulary. 



237 



{smell of). — With cogn. ace, re- 
sound with, echo the name of: 
Amaryllida silvae. 

resorbeo, no perf., no sup., -sor- 
bere, [re-sorbeo], 2. v. a., draw 
in again, draw in, stick in. 

respecto, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
specto], I. v. a., look back tipon, 
regard. 

respergo, -spersL, -spersum, 
-spergere, [re-spergo], 3. v. a., 
besprinkle, sprinkle. 

respicio, -spexl, -spectum, -spi- 
cere, [re-spicio, cf. conspicio], 
3. v. a. and n., look back, look be- 
hind one, look arou?id, look tip. — 
Act., look back for, see behind one, 
looking round see, notice, consider, 
regard^ have regard for. 

resplro, -avi, -atum, -are, [re-. 
spiro], 1. v. n., breathe, draw 
breath. 

resplendeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[re-splendeo], 2. v. n., shine forth, 
glitter. 

responded, -spondl, -sponsum, 
-spondere, [re-spondeo], 2. v. n., 
answer, reply, correspond to, re- 
spond, match, reciprocate, answer 
expectations {produce, grow). — 
Poetically, with cogn. ace, echo 
back. 

responso, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[f responso-], 1. v. n., respond^ 
re-echo. 

responsum, -1, [n. p.p. of respon- 
dep], n., an answer, a reply. — 
Esp., an oracle, a prophecy, pro- 
phetic words, a response. 

restinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of re- 
stinguo. 

restinguo, -stinxi, -stinetum, 
-stingere, [re-stinguo], 3. v. a., 
quench, extinguish. — Also of thirst. 

restituo, -stitul, -stitutum, -sti- 
tuere, [re-statuo], 3. v. a., set up 
again, restore. 

resto, -stiti, no sup., -stare, [re- 
sto], I. v. n., stop behind. — Fig., 
remain, be left, be in store for one. 

resulto, no perf., -atum, -are, [re- 
salto, cf. resilio], 1. v. n., spring 



back, rebound, echo. — Also of the 
object from which, re-echo, echo 
back. 

resupinus, -a, -um, [re-supinus], 
• adj., on the back. 

resurgo, -surrexl, -surrectum, 
-surgere, [re-surgo], 3. v. n., 
rise again: amor {return). 

retardo, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
tardo], 1. v. a., delay, hinder. 

rete, -is, [?], n., a net. 

reteetus, -a, -um, p.p. of retego. 

retego, -texl, -tectum, -tegere, 
[re-tego], 3. v. a., uncover, lay 
bare, disclose, expose. 

retento, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
tento, cf. retineo], 1. v. a., hold 
back, detain, retard. 

retexo, -texui, -textum, -texere, 
[re-texo], 3. v. a., weave again : 
totidem crbes (iiiterweave in the 
opposite direction) . 

retinaculum, -1, [f retina- (as if 
stem of retineo, cf. tenax) + 
culum], n., a rope, a cable, a 
tether, a withe. 

retineo, -tinul, -tentum, -tinere, 
[re-teneo], 2. v. a., hold back, de- 
tain, stop, restrain. 

retorqueo, -torsi, -tortum, -tor- 
quere, [re-torqueo], 2. v. a., 
turn back, twist around, throw 
back: mentem {changed her pur- 
pose) ; retorto amictu {thr own- 
over the shoulder) . 

retortus, -a, -um, p.p. of retor- 
queo. 

retracto, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
tracto], I. v. a., handle again, 
seize again: ferrum digit! {clench). 
— Also (trans, and intrans.), draw 
back: dicta {retract). 

retraho, -traxi, -tractum, -tra- 
here, [re-traho], 3. v. a., draw 
back : pedes (of the undertow of 
the wave). — Also, drag again: 
fata trahunt retrahunt {drag to 
and fro) . 

retro [dat. of -frefcro- (re + terus, 
cf. intro)], adv., back, backward 
(sometimes pleonastic with re-) : 



238 



Vocabulary, 



arva cedentia retro {receding in 
the distance~)\ retro residunt 
{draw back). 

retrorsum [retro-vorsum,acc. p.p. 
of verto], adv., backward, back. 

retundo, -tudi, -tusum, -tundere, 
[re-tundo], 3. v. a., beat back, 
blunt: retusum ferrum (a dull 
knife) . 

retusus, -a, -urn, p.p. of retundo. 

reus, -1, [fre- (of res) + us (or 
-ius)], m., a party (to a suit, res). 
— Esp., a defendant. — Hence, 
guilty, bound: voti {bound by one's 
vow,Jia.xmg obtained his prayer). 

reveho, -vexl, -vectum, -vehere, 
[re-veho], 3. v. a., carry back, 
bring back. 

revello, -velli, -vulsum (vols-), 
-vellere, [re-vello], 3. v. a., 
wrench away, tear away, drag 
from : cineres {dig up). 

revertor, -versus, (also act. re- 
vertl), reverti, [re-vertor], 3. v. 
dep., turn back, return, be renewed 
(giowjigain). 

revincio, -vinxi, -vinctum, -vin- 
cire, [re-vincio], 4. v. a., bind 
back, bind fast, wreathe : quas 
serpentum spiris {crown, arm, 
of the Furies) . 

revinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of revincio. 

reviresco, -virul, no sup., -vires- 
cere, [re-viresco], 3. v. n., sprout 
again. 

revlso, no perf., no sup., -visere, 
[re-viso], 3. v. a. and n., revisit, 
return to. 

revocatus, -a, -um, p.p. of revoco. 

revoco, -avi, -atum, -are, [re- 
voco], 1. v. a., call back, restore, 
renew, revive, bring to life : gra- 
dum, pedem {retrace) ; exordia 
pugnae {recall, relate). — Also, 
detain, dissuade. 

revolo, -avi, no sup., -are, [re- 
volo], 1. v. n.,fly back. 

revolutus, -a, -um, p.p. of revolvo. 

revolvo, -volvl, -volutum, -vol- 
vere, [re-volvo], 3. v. a., roll 
back, throw back, throw over. — 
Also, go round again, repeat : iter 



{retrace) ; casus {repeat the round 
of, &c.) ; haec ingrata {repeat, 
renew, in narration). — revolu- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. in several spe- 
cial senses : ter revoluta toro est 
{fell back) ; Caeneus in veterem 
figuram {restored again) ; dies 
{returning)-, pensa {fell from 
the hands)-, aequora {turbulent)-, 
aestu revoluta saxa {washed 
doivn, by the undertow) ; ille 
iacuit {rolling over) ; alter suf- 
fosso equo {thrown backward). 

revomo, -vomul, no sup.,-vomere, 
[re-vomo], 3. v. a., throw tip. 

revulsus (-volsus), -a, -um, p.p. 
of revello. 

rex, regis, [V re £> (increased) as 
stem], m., a king, a prince, a 
leader. — Also of divinities, rivers, 
a mountain (producing the "prince 
of wines"). — As adj. in app., 
ruling. 

Rhadamanthus, -I, [Gr. "PaBd/uLciu- 
0os^\, m., a brother of Minos, and 
son of Jupiter, who was driven from 
Crete by his brother. After his 
death he was made a judge in the 
world below. 

Rhamnes, -etis, [?], m., a prince, 
and augur of Turnus. 

Rhea, -ae, •[ ?],f., a mythic priestess, 
mother of Aventinus by Hercules. 

Rhenus, -1, [?], m., the Rhine, the 
river separating Gaul and Germany. 

Rhesus, -1, [Gr. 'Pr/tros], m., a king 
of Thrace whose horses were car- 
ried away before Troy by Ulysses 
and Diomed, before they had eaten 
or drunk, according to an omen or 
prophecy. 

Rhodius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Po5*os], 
adj., of Rhodes (an island in the 
eastern Mediterranean), Rhodian. 

Rhodope, -es, [Gr. 'Potionr)'], f., a 
mountain of Thrace. 

Rhodopeius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'PoSo- 
ir-fjios'], adj., of Rhodope. — Less 
exactly, Thracian. 

Rhoebus, -1, [?], m., the war-horse 
of Mezentius. 

Rhoeteius,-a, -um, [Gr. 'PorHjtos], 



Vocabulary. 



239 



adj., ofRhceteum (a promontory of 

theTroad). — Less exactly, Trojan. 

Rhoeteus, -1 (-eos), [?], m., a 

Rutulian. 
Rhoetus, -1, [?], m. : I. A king of 

the^Marsi; 2. A centaur. 
rldeo, rlsl, rlsum, rldere, [?], 
2. v. a. and n., laugh at, smile at, 
smile upon, smile. — Fig., bloom, 
smile. 
rigeo (rigul, referred to rigesco), 
no sup., rigere, [?, ^/?ig, through 
adj.-stem, cf. rigidus, pern, akin 
to frigeo], 2. v. n., be stiff, be stif- 
fened. — rig-ens* -entis, p. as adj., 
stiff, stiffened. 
rigesco, rigui, no sup., rigescere, 
[frige- (of rigeo) + sco], 3. v. n. 
incept., grow stiff, stiffen, congeal, 
freeze. 
rigidus, -a, -urn, [frigo + dus, cf. 
rigeo], adj., stiff, rigid, hard, un- 
bending, solid. — Of weapons, irre- 
sistible (unbending, as not yielding 
to any obstruction). 
rigo, -avi, -atum, -are, [?, cf. Gr. 
£pex«, fr. adj.-stem, cf. riguus], 
I. v. a., water, wash, wet, bathe, 
stain. 
rigor, -oris, [ yfrig (in rigeo) + 
or], m., hardness : ferri (unyield- 
ing iron). 
riguus, -a, -um, [^/rig (in rigo) 
-f uus, cf. nocuus], adj., water- 
ing, irrigating. 
rima, -ae, [prob. root of ringor-f 
ma], f., a crack, a chink, a seam, 
a cleft: ignea {a fiery cleft, of the 
lightning) . 
rimor, -atus, -arl, [frima-] , 1 . v. a ., 
pry into, search, dig up, -hunt for, 
hunt for food in, tear (by rum- 
maging). 
rimosus, -a, -um, [frima- (re- 
duced) -f osus], adj. ,///// of chinks: 
cubilia (loose- jointed)-, cymba 
(leaky). 
ripa, -ae, [?, same root as rivus?], 
f., a bank (of a river, &c, cf. litus, 
and ora, of the sea) . — Less ex- 
actly, shore. — Poetically, of the 
river itself, shore (as in Eng.) . 



Riphaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Vi-rraia], 
adj., of the Riphcei (a range of 
mountains in Thrace), Riphcsan. 
Rlplieus, -el (-eos), [Gr. 'Pupevs^, 
m., a Trojan warrior at the sack 
of Troy. 
risus, -us, [ ^/rid (in rideo)-f tus], 

in., laughter, a laugh, a smile. 
rite [prob. abl. of stem akin to 
ritus], adv., with due ceremony, 
in due form, duly. — Less exactly, 
as usual, rightly, fi'ly, aptly.' 
ritus, -us, [ y ri (of unc. kin.) + 
tus, cf. rite], m., a form, a rite, a 
ceremony. — Less exactly, a cus- 
tom, a usage. — ritu, abl., in the 
manner of, just like. 
rivus, -I, [ ?, cf. ripa, perh. akin to 
Gr. peco], m., a stream, a brook, a 
river, a canal, a sluice. — Also, a 
vein. — Poetically, of sweat and 
the like. 
roblgo (rub-), -inis, [stem akin to 
rubeo + go, cf. aerugo], f., rust 
(of metals or of grain), blight. 
robur, -oris, [?, unc. root + us], 
n.Jiardwood, ti??iber, wood, a beam, 
a log, a stout stick : anncso ro- 
bore quercurn (of aged trunk). — 
— Esp., an oak tree, oak. — Fig., 
strength (of resistance), force, vig- 
or, courage : pubis (the flower) ; 
quae robora cuique (virtue, of 
soils); ferri (strong bars). 
robustus, -a, -um, [f robus + tus, 
cf. honestus], adj., stout, sturdy. 
rogito, 1. v. a., ask, enquire. 
rogo, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 1. v. a., 

ask, beg, sue for, ask for. 
rogus, -i, [?], m., a funeral pile, a 

pyre. 
Roma, -ae, [most likely akin to Gr. 

5eco], f., Rome. 
Romanus, -a, -um, [fRoma + 
nus], adj., Ro7na?i, of Rome. — 
Masc, a Roman. 
Romuleus, -a, -um, [fRomulo- 
(reduced)-feus], adj., of Romulus. 
Romulides, -ae, [Romulo -f des 
(Gr. form of patronymic)], m. only 
in plur., descendants of Romulus 
(the Romans), sons of Romulus. 



240 



Vocabulary. 



Romulus, -1, [stem akin to Roma 
+ lus], m., the mythic founder of 
Rome. 

Romulus, -a, -um, [same word as 
preceding, decl. as adj.], adj., of 
Romulus. 

roro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fror- 
(for ros) as if froro-], 1. v. n. and 
a., drop dew, drip (as with dew). 

ros, roris, [ ?, prob. an initial cons, 
lost], m., dew. — Less exactly, 
water, rain, moisture ', drops (of 
other fluids), spray. — ros mari- 
nus (sometimes omitted), rose- 
mary. 

rosa, -ae, [perh. akin to Gr.poScw], 
{., a rose, roses (collectively). 

rosarius, -a, -um, [as if (or really) 
frosari- (frosa + ris) + as], adj., 
of roses. — As subst., a rose-bed. 

roscidus, -a, -um, [f rosed- (fros 
+ cus, cf. iuvencus) + dus], adj., 
wet with dew, deiuy. 

rose turn, -i, [frosa- (reduced) + 
etum, cf. dumetum], n., a rose- 
bed, a rose-garden. 

roseus,- a, -um, [frosa- (reduced) 
-feus], adj., of roses. — Less ex- 
actly, rose-colored, rosy. 

Roseus, -a, -um, [prob. frosa-], 
adj., of Rosea (a district of middle 
Italy famous for fertility), Roseau. 

rostratus, -a, -um, [frostro- (re- 
duced)+ atus, cf. auratus], adj., 
furnished with beaks. 

rostrum, -I, [y'rod -f trum], n., 
a beak, a bill, a proboscis (of the 
bee). — Esp., a beak (of a ship). 

rota, -ae, [akin to Sk. ratha, Germ. 
Rad\ f., a wheel (with spokes), 
a chariot, a cart. — Poetically : 
volvere rotam {run a course, of 
years) . 

roto, -avi, -atum, -are, [frota-], 
I. v. a. and n., whirl about, brand- 
ish.^ — Intrans., roll. 

rubeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[frubo- (^/rub-f us, cf. robus, 
robigo, ruber)], 2. v. n., be red, 
redden, blush, shine, glow. — ru- 
bens, -entis, p. as adj., red, ruddy, 
blushing, rosy. 



ruber, -bra, -brum, [ ^/rub + rus, 
cf. rubeo], adj., red, ruddy, crim- 
son, rosy-tinted : litus {of the Red 
Sea ) . 

rubeseo, -rubui, no sup., -rube- 
scere, [frube (of rubeo) + sco], 
3. v. n., redden, be reddened. . 

rubeus, -a, -um, [frubo- (reduced) 
-feus], adj., of brambles : virga 
(a bramble-twig). 

rubicundus, -a, -um, [as if rubi- 
(weak stem of rubeo) + cundus 
(cf. vereeundus), prob. really 
f rubicon -f dus (i.e., y'rub -f o -f 
co+on+dus), cf. rotundus], 
adj., ruddy, blushing. 

rubor, -oris, [ ^/rub -f or], m., red- 
ness, a blush, a flush. 

rubus, -1, [prob. V ruD + us > c *"- 
rubeo], m., a bramble. 

rudens, -entis, [?], m., a rope (of 
a ship), a hawser, a line, a sheet, 
cordage. 

rudimentum, -i, [frudi- (of rudis, 
foil, or lost verb rudio, practise 
with foil) -f men turn], n., a first 
attempt, a beginning. 

rudis, -e, [?], adj., rough, rtide. 

rudo, -Ivl, -Itum, -ere, [ ?], 3. v. n., 
roar, bellow, creak. 

Rufrae, -arum, [same word as ru- 
ber, cf. rufus], f. plur., a town 
of the Samnites or of Campania, 
variously located. 

ruga, -ae, [?], f., a wrinkle. 

rulna, -ae, [fruo- (reduced)-f ina, 
cf. ruo], f., a fall, a crash, a con- 
vulsion : caeli {downfall, of pour- 
ing rain) ; horrificae {crashing, 
of .-Etna) ; dare ruinam {fall 
with a crash)-, primi dant rui- 
nam. {fall on each other like an 
avalanche). — Fig,, downfall, ruin., 
disaster, calamity, destruction : 
urbis; rerum {ruined fortunes). 
— Concretely (perh. orig. mean- 
ing), a fa Hi fig mass, a fleeing mass 
(like a falling body) : trahere ru- 
inam {fall in confusion, fall in a 
mass, fall in a heap of ruins) ; 
urgente ruina {borne on by the 
rush of the croivd). 



Vocabulary, 



241 



rumino, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[ frumin-] , 1 . v. n., ruminate, chew, 
chew the cud of: herbas. — Pass, 
as dep. (the usual form), in same 
sense. 

rumor, -oris, [?], m., common talk, 
a rumor, report : rumor e secundo 
{with general -words of good omen) . 

ruinp§, rupl, ruptura, rumpere, 

[ v ru P]» 3- v - a - aim n -> nt -» ° rea ^i 
burst, break down, break through, 
pierce, break off, sever, tear, bruise, 
crush, shatter: horrea messes (Jill 
to bursting) ; rumpantur ilia (may 
split) ; postes (burst open) ; ar- 
busta cicadae (split) ; rumpun- 
tur pectora (burst with rage). — 
Of the effect (with cognate ace), 
break a path, force, rive (a cleft) . 

— Causative, throw out, let fall. 

— Hence, with reflexive or in pass- 
ive, break forth, burst forth, dart 
forth. — Fig., break off, break, break 
through, annul, violate, interrupt, 
destroy, rend asunder: somnum 
(banish) ; fata (escape) ; moras 
(break through) . — ruptus, -a, 
-urn, p.p. : rupto Aclierunte 
(through a breach into Acheron) ; 
ruptis fornacibus(//^ broken vent 
of its forges) ; ruptis caminis (bro- 
ken vent, of a volcano, as having 
been burst through by the fire itself). 

ruo, rul, rutum, ruere, [ V ru > °f 
unc. kin.], 3. v. a. and n. Act., 
overthrow, throw in confusion, 
hurl down, destroy, break up, lay 
waste, prostrate ; throw up, dash 
up, roll up : rapiunt ruuntque 
(plunder and lay waste) ; confu- 
sa ossa {throw pell-mell) ; ignis 
nubem; omnia bote; cum;ilos 
arenae (shatter, with a military 
figure). — Intr ans., fall (with idea 



of violence), /a// in torrents, flow 
in torrents, fall in ruins, set (of 
the sun, hasten to its setting). — ■ 
Also, run blindly, rush, rush in, 
rush on, come on quickly, hurry, 
be borne headlong, flee : nox Oce- 
ano (hasten up) ; clamor (burst 
forth)-, voces (pour forth). — Fig., 
end, approach the end, deterior- 
ate : in peius omnia (grow -worse 
■ and worse). 

rupes, -is, [^/rup + es (and is)], 
f., a rock (broken or precipitous, 
in position, cf. saxum), a cliff. 

ruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of rumpo. 

rursum (rursus), [re-vorsus 
(-um)], adv., back, again, anew. 
— Sometimes pleonastic with re 
(cf. " back again ") . — Fig., besides, 
again, once more, on the other 
hand, a second ti??ie then again. 

rus, ruris, [?], n., the country (op- 
posed to the city), a farm, afield, 
land: rus o-psicum. (shady ground). 

ruscum, -I, [?], n., butchers broom, 
a useless wild plant. 

rustic us, -a, -vim, [frus (orig. 
stem of rus) + ticus], adj., of the 
country, woodland, rustic. — Masc, 
a rustic, a countryman. 

rutilo, -a vl, -atum, -are, [fruti- 
16-], 1. v. a. and n., glow with red 
or orange, glimmer red. 

rutilus, -a, -um, [akin to ruber, 
perh. for frudtilus], adj., red, 
orange, red-gold. 

Rutulus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the 
Rutuli, a small people of Latium 
whose chief city was Ardea. They 
serve as the mythic foes of v^neas, 
and under the lead of Turnus their 
king were supposed to have resist- 
ed the settlement of the Trojans in 
Italy. — Masc. plur., the people. 



Sabaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 5aj9cuos], 
adj., of Saba (a town in Arabia fa- 
mous for its myrrh, frankincense, 
and the wealth and luxury of its 
inhabitants), Sabcean. — Masc. pi., 



the Sabceans, the people them- 
selves. 

Sabellicus, -a, -um, [fSabello + 
cus], adj., Sa be Ilia n, Sabine. 

Sabellus, -a, -um, [prob. fSabind 



242 



Vocabulary, 



4- lus], adj., Sabellian, of the Sa- 
belli (an offshoot of the Sabine 
stock, embracing the small nations 
of the Marsi, Peligui, and others). 
— More generally, Sabine. 

Sablnus, -a, -urn, [?], adj., Sabine, 
of the Sabines, the great people oc- 
cupying the high lands of Central 
Italy, who overran parts of Latium 
and Southern Italy. — Masc. plur., 
the Sabines, the people. — Fern, 
plur., the Sabine women. — Masc. 
sing., Sabinus, the mythic ances- 
tor of the Sabines, deified and rep- 
resented with a pruning-hook. 

saburra, -ae, [?], f., sandy ballast. 

sacellum, -I, [fsacro + lum (n. of 
lus)], n., a shrine, a sacred grotto. 

sacer, -era, -crum, [y'sac (in 
sancio) +rus], adj., consecrated, 
sacred, holy, devoted, dedicated : 
sacra sedes (i.e., on the steps of 
an altar); ignis (St. Anthony's 
fire, a disease of the skin) . — Also 
(as devoted to sacrifice), accursed, 
devoted. — Neut. plur., sacred uten- 
sils, holy emblems, sacred images, 
sacrifices, ceremonies, offerings, sa- 

. cred rites, mysteries, sacred hymns, 
magic rites. 

sacerdos, -dotis, [f sacro-dos( ^/da 
+ tis, reduced)], comm., a priest, 
a priestess. — Less exactly, a sa- 
cred bard. 

Saces, -ae, [Gr. 2a/ccu], m., a Ru- 
tulian. 

Sacranus, -a, -um, [?],adj., of the 
Sacrani, a people of Latium. 

sacrarium, -I (-il), [fsacro- (re- 
duced) + arium, n. of adj.], n., a 
sanctuary, a shrine: Ditis (sacred 
abode) . 

Sacrator, -oris, [?], m., aRutulian. 

sacratus, -a, -um, p.p. of sacro. 

sacrilegus, -a, -vim, [fsacro -f 
legus ( ^/leg, in lego, + us) ] , adj., 
stealer of things sacred, sacrilegious, 
impious. 

sacro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsacro-] , 
I. v. a., consecrate, dedicate, make 
sacred: hunc honorem sacravit 
(bestowed this sacred honor), — 



Also, devote (as to death, &c.).— 
sacratus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
consecrated, sacred, holy : sacrata 
iura (sacred oaths) . 

saeculum (saeclum, se- j , -I, [ ^/sa 
(in sero) + culum], n., (a year's 
increase ?), a generation, a race 
of men, men. — Also of time, a 
generation, a lifetime, an age. — 
Plur., ages, posterity, years, an age : 
per saecula (forever). 

saepe [ace. of saepis, cf. saepes], 
adv., frequently, oftentimes, often. 
— saepius, compar.. oftener, of 
ten, now and then. 

saepes, -is, [unc. root (cf. saepio) 
+ es (and -is, cf. sedes)], f., a 
fence, a hedge, an enclosure, a hur- 
dle (for fencing), — an orchard 
(cf. saeptum). 

saepio (sep-), saepsi, saeptum, 
saepire, [fsaepi- (of saepes)], 
4. v. a., enclose, hedge about, sur- 
round, invest, hem in. — saepit 
se tectis (shut himself up 9 &c). — 
saeptus, -a, -um, p.p., enclosed, 
&c. — Neut., an enclosure, an or- 
chard: inter saepta domorum 
(in the precincts, of bees). 

saeptus, -a, -um, p.p. of saepio. 

saeta (set-), -ae, [?], f., a stiff 
hair, a bristle, bristling hair, shag- 
gy hair. 

saetiger (set-) , -era, -erum, [f sae- 
ta- (weakened) -ger (-y/ger, in 
gero, + us)], adj., bristly. 

saetosus (set-), -a, -um, [f saeta- 
(reduced) + osus], adj., bristly. 

saevio, -IvI (-il), -Itum, -ire, 
[fsaevo- (as if saevi-, cf. exani- 
mus, -is], 4. v. n., rage, rave, be ■ 
angry, become furiotis. — Also of 
animals and things. 

saevus, -a, -um, [?], adj., raging, 
furious, roused to fu?y, fierce, sav- 
age, relentless, cruel, angry. — 
Transferred to things, cruel, wild, 
raging, savage, deadly, bitter : me- 
phitis ; faces ; dolores ; vada. — 
In good sense, fierce in conflict. 

Sagaris, -is, [from a Phrygian river], 
m., a Trojan. 



Vocabulary. 



243 



Sages, (-is?), [?], m., a Rutulian. 
sagitta, -ae, [?], f., an arrow, 
sagittifer, -era, -erum, [fsagitta- 

(weakened) -far ( yfer •+■ us)], 
adj., armed with. arrows. 
sagulum, -I, [fsagd-f-lum. (n. of 
Fas)], n., a cloak (worn by soldiers 
over their armor), a mantle. 
sal, salis, [ v's^l {flow, cf. Sk. sarit, 
river), cf. Gr. aAs], n. (m.), water, 
salt water, the salt wave, the salt 
sea, the sea, the deep, a sea. — Also 
(a very old and the most common 
meaning), salt. — Fig., wit. 
Salamis, -minis, [Gr. SaAc/uY], f., 
the island in the Saronic Gulf, 
where the victory of the Athenians 
over the Persians took place, for- 
merly the home of Telamon. 
Salentlnus (Sail-), -a, -urn, [?], 
adj., of the Salentini (a people 
dwelling in Calabria), Salentini. 
salictum, -I, [fsalic + turn (n. of 
-tus, cf. honestus)], n., a willow 
thicket, a willow hedge, willows. 
salignus, -a, -urn, [fsalic + nus], 

adj., of willow, willow : falx. 
Salii, -oram, [V sa ^ (in s alio) -f 
ius], m.' plur., the Salii, twelve 
dancing priests of Mars, who went 
through the city annually in a sol- 
emn dance bearing the ancilia or 
sacred shields. The rite is dated 
back by Virgil to the time of 
Eyander. 
salio, -ui (-IvI), -turn, -ire, [ ^/sal, 
cf. aAAo/xcu], 4. v. n., leap, dance, 
spring. — Fig., of things, spring: 
saliens vena {throbbing) ; sali- 
ens rivus (dancing) ; grando 
(dance, rebound). 
saliunca, -ae, [?], i., saliunca, an 
odoriferous plant (perh. valerian). 
Salius, -1, [?], m., the name of a 

Trojan, perh. of more than one. 
salix, -icis, [?], f., a willow, wil- 
low {willow branches). 
Salmoneus, -eos, [Gr. SaA^uwz/eus], 
m., a son of .Eolus. He ruled in 
Elis, and in his pride imitated the 
thunder and lightning of Jupiter, 
for which impiety he was hurled 



to the world below by a thunder- 
bolt 

Salmonia, -ae, [Gr. SaA/iwWa] , f., 
a city of Elis, on the river Enipeus. 

salsus, -a, -um, [p.p. of salo (fr. 
sal)], adj., salted, salt, briny (of 
the sea) : robigo (caused by salt 
water or with a briny taste ?) ; su- 
• dor. — Esp. with fruges, niola, 
of the salt and meal offered as a 
sacrifice, apparently as the first 
necessaries of life. 

saltern [ace. of lost word saltis, of 
unc. kin.], adv., at least (if nothing 
more or better), at any rate. 

salto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsalt5- 
(p.p. of salio)], I. v. a., dance, 
leap. 

1. saltus, -us, [^/sal+ tus], m., a 
leap, a bound, a spring. 

2. saltus, -us, [ ?, poss. ^sal in a 
more primitive meaning, or perh. 
from breaking out of the woods 
into the opening], m., an opening 
(in the woods), a pasture, a moun- 
tain-pass, a glade, open woods, a* 
grove, woodland. 

salabris, -e, [fsalu- (akin to sal- 
vus, cf. salus) -fbris (cf. lugu- 
bris)], adj., health fid, wholesome, 
salutary, healing. 

salum, -1, [fsal + um (n. of us)], 
n., the sea, the deep. 

salus, -utis, [fsalu- (akin to sal- 
vus) -f tis (reduced, cf. semen- 
tis)], f., health, welfare, safety, 
well-being, salvation, preservation. 
— Also, hope of safety, remedy, 
means of safety, relief 

saluto, -a vi, -atum, -are, [f salut- 
(of salus)], 1. v. a., {wish health 
to any 07ie), greet, salute, hail, wel- 
come. — salutans, -antis, p. as 
subst, a visitor (calling in the 
morning to salute a great man, as 
was the Roman custom). 

salve, see salveo. 

salveo, no perf., no sup., salvere, 
[f salvo-], 2. v. n., be well. — salve 
(-ete), imperat, as an address, 
hail, welcome. 

salvus, -a, -um, [^/sal (cf. salus, 



244 



Vocabulary. 



sollus) •+ vus (cf . oXos) for o'Afos], 

adj., safe, unharmed. 
Same, -es, [Gr. 2a/.u?], f., an island 

(later Cephalonia) in the Ionian 

Sea. 
Samos (-us), -I, [Gr. dittos], f . : 

1. A large island off the coast of 
the Ionian part of Asia Minor, 
famous for its temple of Juno ; 

2. Tlireicia, another name for 
Samothracia. 

Samothracia, -ae, [Gr. 2a,uo0pa- 
/cxa], f., an island off the coast of 
Thrace, famous for its mystic wor- 
ship of the mysterious Cabin. 
Several traditions connected its 
settlement with Phrygia. It was 
also called Samos Threicia. 

sancio, sanxl, sanctum, sancire, 
[^/sac, in sacer, pern, through 
adj. -stem, cf. Sancus], 4. v. a., 
make sacred, make inviolable, rat- 
ify. — sanctus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., sacred, holy, inviolable, saint- 
ed, reverend, venerable, venerated : 
fides (tins ui 'lied, inviolate) . — Also, 
pure, saintly, chaste. 

sanctus, -a, -um, p.p. of sancio. 

sandyx, -ycis, [Gr. <rdvdv£'] , f ., scar- 
let (a dye of that color) . 

sane [abl. of sanus], adv., very 
much (cf. "soundly "). — As con- 
firmatory particle, truly, no doubt, 
to be sure (concessive) . 

sanguineus, -a, -um, [fsanguin-f 
ens], adj., of blood, bloody, blood- 
stained, bloodshot, blood-red ; Ma- 
yors {bloodthirsty, prop, only cov- 
ered with blood) . 

sanguis (sanguen), -inis, [?, two 
stems, -in and -i], m., blood (prop- 
erly in the body, cf. cruor). — 
Also, blood (shed), gore, bloodshed. 
— Also (as in Eng.), race, blood, 
descent, stock, family, progeny. — 
Also of blood as a sign of vital 
force. 

sanies, -el, [?], f., matter, foul gore, 
froth (of a serpent). 

sanus, -a, -um, [unc. root (prob. 
akin to aws) + nns (cf. plenus)], 
adj., sound, healthy. — Also, ra- 



tional, sound (in mind) : male 
sana {distracted). 

sapor, -oris, [^/sap (in sapio) + 
or], m., taste, flavor : tunsns gal- 
lae (a flavoring of the pounded 
gall-nut). — Less exactly, odor: 
inssi sapores (fragrant herbs). 

sarcio, sarsi, sartum, sarcire, 
[?J, 4. v. a., patch, mend, repair. 

Sardous, -a, -um, [Gr. 2ap5«os], 
adj., Sardinian, of Sardinia (fa- 
mous for its bitter herbs). 

sarmentum, -I, [apparently -y/sarp 
(in sarpo, pru?te) + mentnm], 
n., prunings, twigs, brushwood. 

Sarnus, -I, [?], m., a river of Cam- 
pania on which Pompeii formerly 
stood, but by the great eruption 
its course was changed. 

Sarpedon, -onis, [Gr. ^apir-qhcav'] , 
m., a king of Lycia killed before 
Troy. 

Sarranus, -a,-um, [fSarra+nus], 
adj., of Sarra (the ancient name 
of Tyre), Tyrian. 

Sarrastes, -um, [?], m. plur., a 
people of Campania, about Sor- 
rento. 

sat, see satis. 

sata, see sero. 

Satlculus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of 
Saticula, a city of Samnium. — 
Masc, a Saticulan : asper {the 
fierce Saticulan, collectively). 

satio, -onis, [ y'sa (of sero) + tio, 
cf. ratio], f., a sowing, pla?tting, 
layering. — May be rendered in 
Eng., seed-time, planting-time. 

satio, -avl, -atum, -are, [stem of 
satis or stem akin, cf. satietas], 
1 . v. a., satisfy, satiate : cineres 
meorum (appease, avenge). 

satis (abbreviated sat), [?, cf. sa- 
tias, satietas, perh. contracted 
forsatius], adv. Apparently adj. 
(cf. bene esse), enough, sufficient. 
— Adv ^sufficiently, enough. — With 
negatives, not very, not very much. 
— satius, compar., better, prefer- 
able. 

satius, see satis. 

sator, -oris, [ y^a (in sero) + tor], 



Vocabidary . 



245 



to.., planter. — Also (cf. satus), a 
progenitor, a father. 
satur, -ura, -urum, [akin to satis, 
perh. fsati + rus], adj., full, well- 
fed. — Less exactly, well- stocked, 
rich, fertile, deep-dyed {rich, of 
color) . 

Satura, -ae, [ ?] , f ., a lake or swamp 
in Latium : Saturae palus. 

saturatus, -a, -um, p.p of saturo. 

Saturnia, -ae, [cf. Saturnius], 
f., an ancient name of the settle- 
ment on the Capitoline Hill, the 
supposed nucleus of ancient Rome. 

Saturnius, -a, -um, [tSaturno- 
(reduced) + ius], adj., of Saturn, 
son of Saturn, daughter of Saturn, 
used of Jupiter, of Neptune, and 
of Juno. 

Saturnus, -I, [stem fr. -y/sa (in 
sero) + turnus, cf. taciturnus], 
m., an ancient divinity of Italy, no 
doubt presiding over agriculture. 
His supremacy was supposed to 
mark the golden age of primitive 
virtue and simplicity. In later times 
he was identified with the Greek 
Kpovos, and to him were attached 
the myths of that ancient divinity. 
Hence, he was son of Uranus, and 
father of Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, 
and other gods. 

saturo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f satu- 
ro- (of satur)], I. v. a., fill, sati- 
ate, satisfy, feed full, saturate, fill 
full. 

satus, -a, -um, p.p. of sero. 

Satyrus, -I, [Gr. 2ari//m], m., a 
Satyr, one of a subordinate class 
of deities of the woods, of a frolic- 
some and mischievous disposition, 
represented with goats' legs and 
with horns. They often appear as 
companions of Bacchus, whose at- 
tendant Silenus seems to have been 
one of them. They are hardly dis- 
tinguishable from the Latin Fauns. 

saucius, -a, -um, [ ?] , adj ., wounded, 
smitten, mangled (of a snake). — 
Fig., stricken. 

saxeus, -a, -um, [fsaxd- (reduced) 
+ eus], adj., of rocks, rocky, of 



stone (fragments) : umbra {of the 
. rocks). 

saxosus, -a, -um, [fsaxo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., stony, rocky. 
— Neut. as adv. : saxosum sonans 
{roaring among the rocks'). 
saxum, -i, [ ?], n., a rock (detached, 
cf. rupes) , a stone. — Less exactly, 
a broken rock (on a shore), a rock 
(unbroken) . 
scaber, -bra, -brum, [^/scab (in 
scabo) + rus (reduced)], adj., 
rough. — Transferred, roughening, 
corroding : robigo. 
scabies, -el, [^/scab (in scabo) 
+ ies, cf.inluvies], f., {a scratch- 
ing), a roughness (of decay), rust, 
corrosion, the itch, the scab (in 
sheep), the scurf. 
Scaea, -ae, (Scaeae, -arum), [Gr. 
^kcucli], adj. fern, (with porta), 
Sccean, the western (left) gate of 
Troy, the principal and most fa- 
mous entrance. 
scaena (see-), -ae, [Gr. <rK-f]vr\\, f., 
a scene (the arched back of the 
stage, in front of which the action 
took place), a canopy (of woods 
like the scene), the side scenes, the 
stage. 
scalae, -arum, [^/scad (in scan- 
do) + la], f. plur., a scaling-lad- 
der or ladders, a ladder (of a 
ship). 
scando, perf. and sup. not found, 
scandere, [yscad, but with n 
permanent], 3. v. a. and n., climb, 
scale, asce?td, niount. 
scatebra, -ae, [fscate- (of scateo) 
+ bra, f. of -ber, cf. Mulciber], 
f., a bubbling stream, a spring. 
sceleratus, -a, -um, p.p. of sce- 

lero^ 
scelero, no perf., -atum, -are, 
[fsceler- (of scelus)], 1. v. a., 
pollute, defile. — sceleratus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., wicked, guilty, 
inipious, infa?nous, accursed : fri- 
gus (cf. Eng. colloquial language). 
— Transferred, of the accursed, of 
guilt: poenae {inflicted on the 
guilty). 



246 



Vocabulary. 



scelus, -eris, [unc. root -f- us, but 
cf. cr/ceAos, with pravus, and rec- 
tus], n. Abstract, villany, wicked' 
ness, guilt, wrong-doing. — Con- 
cretely, a crime, an evil deed, a deed 
(impliedly evil from the context) : 
pro scelus ( cursed crime) ; 
scelus infectum {taint of guilt)-, 
quod scelus tantum merens {for 
what crime so great deserving pun- 
ishment). — Also, a villainya crim- 
inal : artificis scelus {crafty vil- 
lain) . 

sceptrum, -I, [Gr. <jK?]irTpoi/~], n., 
a sceptre. — Fig., r ide, power, do- 
nation, a kingdom, a realm, the 
throne. 

scilicet [sci (imper. of scio) -licet, 
cf. llieet], adv., certainly, no 
doubt, of course, naturally, truly. 

— Ironically, forsooth, truly, doubt- 
less. — As connective, yes for, for 
of course, but I may say, for we see. 

scilla, -ae, [Gr. 07a AAa], f., a squill 
(a kind of bulbous plant). 

scindo, scidi, scissum, scindere, 
[y'scid, cf. (tx' l C C0 ~]> 3- v - a -> cut 
(with a sharp tool, cf. rumpo), 
tear, split, cleave, rive, rend : val- 
lum ferro ; crines {tear) ; scissa 
veste. — ■ Fig., divide ; with reflex- 
ive (or in pass.), divide, separate : 
sese unda {separate)-, se genus 
{branch off) ; vulgus {is rent, into 
factions). — Esp., plough, break up. 

— Of the effect : viam {cleave) . 
scintilla, -ae, [?], f., a spark: ab 

ore absistunt {fire flashes) . 

scintillo, -a vi, no sup., -are, 
[tscintilla-], i.v. n., throw sparks: 
oleum {snap, sputter, in a lamp). 

scio, sclvi, scitum, scire, [prob. 
akin to kzi<o\, 4. v. a., know, know 
hoiv to, learn : scit triste sidus 
{can bear witness). 

Scipiades, -ae, [Gr. form of patro- 
nymic, fr. Scipio], m., son of the 
Scipios. — Plur., the Scipios, the 
famous family of leaders and states- 
men at Rome. 

scissus, -a, -urn, p.p. of scindo. 

scitor, -atus, -arl, [fscito- (of 



scio)], I. v. dep., enquire, learn, 
search into : oracula {consult). 

scopuluS, -1, [Gr. o-/co7reAos], m., a 
crag (projecting, cf. rupes and 
saxum), a cliff, a rock (general- 
ly), a reef 

Scorpius, -I, [Gr. vitdpirios'], m., 
Scorpio, the constellation. 

scrobis (scrobs), scrobis, [^/scrib 
(orig. dig) as stem], m. and f., a 
ditch, a trench, a pit, a drill (a 
straight furrow for planting) . 

scrupeus, -a, -urn, [fscrupo- (re- 
duced) -feus], adj., of sharp stones, 
stony, flinty : spelunca {of jagged 
rocks) . 

scutatus, -a, -urn, [fscnto- (re- 
duced)+ atus, cf. armatns],adj., 
armed with shields : scutati om- 
nes {all zvith shields) . 

scutum, -1, [Gr. ctkvtos~], n., a 
shield (of the Roman pattern, ob- 
long and bent around the body, 
originally made of wood covered 
with leather, cf. clipeus). 

Scylaceum, -I, [Gr. ^,Kv\<xKeiov~], 
n., a town of Southern Italy on the 
coast of Bruttium, near a promon- 
tory supposed to be dangerous for 
ships. 

Scylla, -ae, [Gr. 2kv\\o], f . : I. A 
sea-monster supposed to inhabit 
some rocks in the Strait of Messi- 
na, on the coast of Bruttium. Her 
parentage is variously represented 
in the myths. The rocks at pres- 
ent seem to be perfectly harmless ; 
2. Another personage, daughter of 
Nisus, who betrayed her father to 
Minos by plucking out from hishead 
a red hair, and was changed to a 
bird (cf. Nisus). She is sometimes 
confounded with the one first men- 
tioned ; 3. Plur., Scyllas, including 
several monsters of the kind first 
mentioned. 

Scylla, -ae, [see 1. Scylla], f., the 
name of a ship. 

Scyllaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 2/cuAAcuos] , 
adj., of Scylla. 

scyphus, -1, [Gr. cKvcpos], m., a 
cup, a goblet. 



Vocabulary. 



247 



Scyrius, -a, -una, [Gr. ^Kvpios], 
adj., of Scyros (the island off the 
coast of Euboea where Achilles was 
concealed, disguised as a girl), 
Scyrian. 

Seythia, -ae, [Gr. ^KvOia], f. (of 
adj.), the country north of the 
Black Sea. 

se- (sed-), [cf. sed], prep, only in 
comp., apart, without, away. 

se, see sui. 

Sebethis, -idis, [?], f., a nymph (of 
the river Sebethos, in Campania). 

secerno, -crevi, -eretum, -cer- 
nere, [se-cerno], 3. v. a., separate, 
set apart. — secretus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., separate, apart, re- 
tired, remote, obscure, concealed, 
hidden, reticent, silent, in silence, 
alone. — Neut. ipl., private abode. 

secessus, -us, [se-cessus, cf. sece- 
do], m., a retirement. — Concrete- 
ly, a retreat, a recess. 

secius, see secus. 

secludo, -elusi, -clusum, -clu- 
dere, [se-claudo], 3. v. a., shut 
off, shut up. — Fig., put aside, ban- 
ish. — seclusus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., secluded, retired. 

seclum, see saeeulum. 

seclusus, -a, -um, p.p. of secludo. 

seco, secul, sectum, secare, [?], 
1. v. a., cut (apparently across, cf. 
scindo, split), carve, wound, hew, 
sever, cut-out, cut off; also, split. 
— Fig. (of mere passing through), 
cleave, cut, plough (the sea), di- 
vide, cut through. — With ace. of 
effect, cut : viam {take one's way) ; 
secto limite {the cross path) ; sub 
nubibus arcum (as cutting the 
heavens) . — In a peculiar sense 
(poss. a diff. word) : secat spem 
{indulges, takes as his share ?, cf. 
noun sector) . 

secretus, -a, -um, p.p. of secerno. 

sector, -atus, -arl, [f secto- (old 
p.p. of sequor)], 1. v. dep., pur- 
sue, hunt, chase. 

sectus, -a, -um, p.p. of seco. 

seculum, see saeeulum. 

secum, see sui and cum. 



secundo, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[f secundo-], 1. v. a.., favor, pros- 
per. 

secundum [n. ace. of secundus], 

adv. and prep., {following), along, 
near by. 

secundus, -a, -um, [p. ger. of se- 
quor, cf. rotundus], adj., {fol- 
lowing), second (in time, order, or 
degree), inferior: secundae men- 
sae {second course, dessert) ; men- 
sis et Dis accepta secundis {the 
second course, and the gods invoked 
to share it). — Of water, &c. (cf. 
adversus), favoring, favorable, 
fair: secundo amni, flumine 
{down the stream) ; secundi spi- 
rate {blow favoring breezes) ; ven- 
ti secundi {favoring winds). — 
Transferred, prosperous, favorable, 
propitious, auspicious : ventis et 
Dis secundis {fair winds and 
favoring gods) ; curru secundo 
{flying) ; secundo Marte {in 
successful combat, of Mars) ; cs- 
cundo plausu, rumor e {auspi- 
cious, cheering, as of good omen) ; 
vires secundae {successful efforts) ; 
adi pede secundo {approach to 
favor) ; secundus aruspex {aus- 
picious)-, secundo clamore {joy- 
ous, auspicious) ; sinus implere 
secundos {/ill the bellying sail 
with favoriiig winds) . — Often with 
res, prosperity, success. 

securis, -is, [as if fsecu- (^/sec, in 
seco, + u) -f ris, cf. molaris], 
f., an axe, a battle-axe, 

securus, -a, -um, [se-cura- (weak- 
ened and deck as adj.)], adj.,yr^ 
from care, regardless, fearless, se- 
cure : pelagi {secure of) . — Trans- 
ferred : latices {that free from 
care) ; otia {untroubled) ; quies 
{secure) . 

secus [yteec (in sequor) + unc. 
term. (poss. compar.,likemagis)], 
adv. {following ?, worse ?), other- 
wise. — With negatives, ?iot other- 
wise, not less, no more, just so, 
even so; — with atque (quam), 
just like, even as. — Compar., se- 



248 



Vocabulary. 



tius (secius, sectius), ill. — With 
negatives, no less, none the less, 
nevertheless, even thus, even then, 
even so. 

secutus, -a, -um, p.p. of seqnor. 

sed [abl. of stem akin to sine, cf. 
pone], conj., but, yet. 

sedatns, -a, -um, p.p. of sedo. 

sedeo, sedi, sessum, sedere, 
[ ^/sed, cf. k^ofxai, prob. through 
adj. -stem], 2. v. n., sit, sit down. 
— Less exactly ,7zV (of ships), come 
to anchor, light (of birds), en- 
camp (of armies), remain (of a 
weapon) . — Esp., sit by (inactive) , 
sit idle, linger. — Fig., be settled, 
be fixed, be determined, please (be 
one's pleasure) : certa sedet sen- 
tentia (is surely fixed). 

sedes, -is, [ ^/sed (strengthened) + 
es and -is)], f., a seat, a throne, a 
resting-place. — Less exactly (either 
sing, or plur.), a house, a habita- 
tion, a dwelling-place, a dwelling, 
a hoine, an estate, a foundation, a 
position, a spot, a region, a place, a. 
temple, a city. — Esp* of burial,' a last 
resting-place, a tomb : imae sedes 
(the lowest depths) ; sacra sedes 
(of the steps of an altar) ;' sedes 
Pelori (region) ; penetralis sedes 
(the inner court) ; Tarpeia sedes 
(rock) ; locus sedesque (place of 
abode) . 

sedile, -is, [fsedi- (cf. sedes) + le 
(m of lis)], n., a seat, a bench, a 
thwart (for rowers). 

seditio, -onis, [sed-itio (cf. eo)], 
f., a civil dissension, a mutiny, an 
outbreak (of the people), a riot, 
an uprising (of the people), fac- 
tiojt, sedition. 

sedo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fseda- 
(^/sed+a, cf. domiseda)], i.v.a., 
settle down. — Fig., calm, quiet, 
allay. 

seduco,-duxi, -ductum, -ducere, 
[se-duco], 3. v. a., draw apart, 
separate, part asunder. 

seges, -etis, [ ?, perh. akin to sag- 
men], f., grozving grain, a crop 
(standing), grain (planted), a 



grain field, a field, land (a& cov- 
ered with growth), the seed (about 
to be planted), a growth (of trees), 
a nursery. — Fig. of other things, 
a crop, a growth, a thicket, afield : 
virura (a crop of heroes) ; seges 
horret ferrea. 

segnis, -e, [?], adj., slow, shtggish, 
idle, listless, inactive, laggard, 
slothful, cozvardly, unproductive : 
carduus (sterile, unprofitable). — 
Compar. segnior, -us, slower, &c., 
less active, less prolific ': haud illo 
segnior (not less vigorous, &c). 

segniter [f segni+ter, cf. acriter], 
adv., inactively: non segnius 
(not less vigor ovsly). 

segnities, -el, [f segni + ties, cf. 
aniicitia], f., sloth, tardiness. 

Selinus, -untis, [Gr. ^Klvovs\, f., 
a town on the southern coast of 
Sicily, famous for its palms. 

sella, -ae, [prob. y'sed+la], f., a 
seat, a chair (of state), a throne. 

— Esp., the sella curulis of the 
Romans, made of ivory, with 
crossed legs, and used by magis- 
trates. 

semel [n. of similis (or word akin) 
reduced], adv., once, once for all. 

semen, -inis, [ ^/sa (of sero) + 
men], n., a seed. — Less exactly, 
a scion, a shoot, a cutting. — Fig. 
(plur.), elements, vital principles, 
seeds of life, germs (of life, of fire). 

— Also, a race, a stock, progeny, 
young. 

sementis, -is, [fsemen + tis] , f., 

a sowing: sementem extende 

(prolong the seed-time). 
semesus (semiesus), -a, -um, 

[senii-esus], adj., half eaten. 
semianimis, -e, [semi-animus 

(weakened and'decl. as adj.)], adj., 

half alive, half lifeless, expiring, 

dying. 
semifer,-era,-erum,[semi-ferus], 

adj., half brute, monstrous. — Also, 

half savage. 
semihomo, -inis, [semi-homo], 

adj., half man. — Also, half savage, 
seminex, -necis, [semi-nex (decl. 



Vocabulary. 



249 



as adj.)], adj., half dead, half life- 
less, dying, wounded to death. 

semino, -avl, -atum, -are, [fse- 
min-], 1. v. a., sow, plant. — Less 
exactly, produce. 

semiputatus, -a, -urn, [semi-pu- 
tatus], adj., half pruned. 

semita, -ae, [s8-mita(akin tomeo, 
cf. comes)], f., a by-path, a path, 
a way. 

semiustus (semust-), -a, -um, 
[semi-ustus], adj., half burned, 
half consumed, charred. 

semivir, -virl, [semi-vir], adj., 
half man, efeminate. 

semper [stem akin to similis -f per, 
cf. nuper], adv., always, forever, 
ever, constantly. 

senatus, -us, [as if f sena- (of verb 
seno, from fsen in senex, cf. 
senator, senaculum) + tus, cf. 
exsulo, exsulatus], m., (old age?, 
cf. iuventus), the elders. — Esp., 
the senate, or body of nobles who 
composed the grand council of a na- 
tion, particularly the Roman senate. 

senecta, -ae, [f senec- ^of senex) 
-f ta, cf. matuta], f., age, old age. 

senectus, -tQtis, [fsenec- (of se- 
nex) + tus, cf. iuventus], f., 
age, old age. — Personified, Age. 

senex, senis, [two stems, ^/sen (as 
stem) ; and f seni + cus (reduced), 
akin to evos and senes-chal~], adj., 
old, aged, venerable. — Usually as 
subst., an old man (over forty-five 
years), an aged sire ; — also of gods 
conceived or represented as old : 
Proteus ; Saturnus. — senior, 
-oris, compar., older. — Also, old, 
aged, vetierable, an elder, an old 
mart. 

senl, -ae, -a, [sex + nus], adj. plur., 
six each, six at a ti7ne : bis seni 
{tivice six, twelve) . 

sensus, -us, [ ysent (of sentio) -f 
tus], m., taste, feeling, perception. 
— Concretely, a feeling, the intel- 
lect, the mind, intelligence, the pas- 
sions, the senses, the sense : sanos 
sensus avertere {to charm away 
the sober sense, drive mad)-, sen- 



sus innexit {??toved the feelings) ; 
sopitos sensus {the slumbering 
senses, of the effect of sleep) ; imis 
sensibus (111 the depths of the soul) . 
sententia, -ae, [fsentent- (p. of 
simpler form akin to sentio) -f ia], 
f., a way of thinking, a judgment, 
a purpose, a resolution, a senti- 
ment, a determination, an opinion, 
a view of things, counsel (a plan 
of action), an idea (of a situation). 

— Esp., an opinion expressed (in 
a deliberative body). 

sentio, sensl, sensum, sentfre, 
[?], 4. v. a., perceive (by the 
senses), hear, feel, see, notice, ob- 
serve. — Also by the mind, per- 
ceive, be conscious of, become aware, 
knoiv, feel, learn, learn to know, 
find out, understand. — Esp., feel, 
experience, come to feel, endure. — 
Also, thi?ik, suppose, judge. 

sentis, -is, [?], m., a thorn-bush, a 
briar, a. bramble. 

sentus, -a, -um, [akin to sentis], 
adj., rough, overgrown. 

sepelio, sepellvl (-il), sepultum, 
sepellre, [?], 4. v. a., bury, inter. 

— sepultus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
buried ; — also of wine and sleep, 
overcome, buried : parce sepulto 
{spare one in his grave) ; custode 
sepulto {laid asleep) . 

sepes, sepio ; see saepes, saepio. 

septem [petrified case-form, akin to 
€7rra], indecl. num. adj., seven. 

septemgeminus, -a, -um,[septem- 
geminus], adj., sevenfold, seven- 
mouthed : Nilus. 

septemplex,-plicis,[septem-plex, 
cf. duplex], adj., seven-fold (of 
seven thicknesses). 

septeni, -ae, -a, [stem of septem 
+ nus], num. adj. plur., seven each, 
seven at a time. — Also, seven. 

septentrio, -onis, (also separate), 
[septem-triones], m., Charles' 
Wain, the Great and Little Bear. 
Cf. trio. 

Septimus, -a, -um, [stem of septem 
-f-mus, cf. primus], num. adj., 
seventh. 



250 



Vocabulary, 



septus, -a, -vim; see saepio. 

sepulcruin, -I, [sepel (as if root of 
sepelio) + crum], n., a tomb, a 
burial-place. — Less exactly, burial. 

sepultus, -a, -um, p.p. of sepelio. 

sequax, -acis, [as if sequa- (cf. 
sequor) + cus (reduced), cf. ca- 
pax], adj., following, pursuing : 
caprae {greedy, pursuing the vine 
as enemies); fumi {penetrating, 
pursuing the bees); Latium (in 
pursuit) ; undae (as if chasing a 
ship to sink it). 

sequester, -tra, -trum, [fsequit- 
(formed like conies, cf. sequor) 
-j-ter (cf. magister)], adj., de- 
positary, intermediate. — As subst., 
a mediator, mediatress : pace se- 
questra {reconciled by the truce). 

sequor, secutus, sequl, [V se( l 
akin to eVo^ou], 3. v. dep., follow 
(lit. and fig.), pursue, chase : se- 
quendi {traces to follow) ; quem 
armenta ; signa sequantur (keep 
the ranks) ; qui me casus ; iussa 
{obey) ; haec exempla ; secutae 
aera (of bees) . — Less exactly, 
follow (in order), co?tie next, ensue, 
follow (in a course of action), do 
the like : frumenta {follow) ; de 
cortice sanguis ; laetum paeana 
(take up, continue) . — Also, folloiv 
with, folloiv (in company), accom- 
pany, side with : factum fortuna 
(prosper) ; me fama (attend ) ; 
manum sagitta (yield to, come 
away with) ; sequetur facilis 
(come away y oi plucking a branch) ; 
non sequitur vox (does not come, 
follow the effort) ; quam fama 
secuta est (of whom the story 
goes). — Also, follow after, aim at, 
seek : Italiam ; pennis astra ; 
sidera voce (soar to heaven with 
a song). — Also of the route passed 
over, follow out, folloiv, ptirsue, 
trace, pass through, go over, under- 
go : saltus ; quid sequens (fol- 
lowing what course^) ; maiora(^7/ 
with) ; fastigia ; sudor membra 
(creep over) ; fata (accomplish) ; 
arma (take ■ up) ; bella (engage 



in) ; meliora (a higher destiny) ; 
extrema ferro (seek a desperate 
remedy) . — Also, overtake : meli- 
ora miseros. — sequens, -entis, 
p. as subst. (esp. plur.), a pursuer, 
those behind, the next, one in search, 
a foUower. 

sereno, -avi, -atum, -are, [fse- 
reno], 1. v. a., clear, calm. — Po- 
etically : spem fronte serenat 
(smooths his brow with hope). 

serenus, -a, -um, [?], adj., clear, 
fair, cloudless, calm, placid : nu- 
bes {light, dry); vultus. — Neut., 
fair weather. 

Seres, -um, [Gr. 27}pes], n., plur., 
the people of Eastern Asia (in- 
cluding prob. the Chinese), where 
the cotton-tree grows. 

Serestus, -1, [?], m., a follower of 
tineas. 

Sergestus, -1, [?], m., a follower of 
^Eneas. 

Sergius, -a, -um, [ ?], adj., a Roman 
gentile name : domus (the Sergian 
house). 

series, -e^ [V ser ( m *■ sero) -f 

; ies, cf. inluvies], f., a row, a line, 
a succession, a chain, a train. 

serius, -a, -vim, [?], adj., serious. 
— Neut. plur. as subst., serious 
business. 

sermo, -onis, [V 861 * ( m *■ sero) 
4- mo, but prob. through. interme- 
diate stem, cf. homo], m., dis- 
course, talk, speech, words (spoken), 
co??imon talk, rumor, murmurs. — 
Also, language, tongtte. 

1. sero, perf. not found, sertum, se- 
rere, [ ^/ser, akin to epca, €?pa>], 
3. v. a., join, plait, weave. — Fig. : 
multa serebant (talked much). 

2. sero, sevl, satvim, serere, [ ^/sa 
(Eng. sow), reduplicated (with r 
for s)], 3. v. a., sow, plant. — Fig., 
scatter, spread. — Poetically, be a 
farmer. — Also, beget (in p.p.). — 
serens, -entis, p. as subst., a 
sower. — satus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., sown, planted, growing; — 
also, sprung from, bom, descended 
from. — Masc. and fern., .son. of, 



Vocabulary. 



251 



descendant of, daughter of. — Neut. 
plur., sown fields, growing crops, 
tilled fields. 

serpens, -entis, [p. of serpo], m., 
a serpent^ a snake. 

serpo, serpsi, serptum, serpere, 
[^/serp, akin to e/wrcy], 3. v. n., 
crawl, creep. — Fig., glide, twine, 
creep on, spread. 

serpyllum, -I, [Gr» epirv\\op~\, »n., 
wild thyme. 

serra, -ae, [poss. ^/sec-f- ra], f., a 
saw. 

Serranus, -I, [akin to sarrio],m. : 
•I. C. Atilius Regulus Serranus, a 
famous Roman whose election to 
the consulship was announced to 
him while ploughing; 2. ARutulian. 

sertum, -1, [n. p.p. of 1. sero], n., 
a garland, a wreath. 

serum, -I, [ ?, akin to 6p6s~\, n., whey. 

serus, -a, -um, [?], adj., late, too 
late, tardy, latest : vires {too far 
gone) ; me a sera voluptas {of my 
age); nepotes {far distant). — 
Neut. as adv., late. 

serva, -ae, [f. of servus], f., a 
maid-servant. 

servatus, -a, -um, p.p. of servo. 

servio, -ivi (-H), -Itum, -ire, 
[fservo-], 4. v. n., be a slave, 
serve. — Less exactly, obey, be sub- 
ject to. 

servitium, -I (-il), [fservo+tium, 
cf. amicitia], n., slavery, servi- 
tude. — Less exactly, subjection (of 
men and animals). 

servo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fservo-], 
I. v. a., watch over, guard, keep 
(from harm), look out for, take care 
of, protect, save (by protection), 
preserve, keep alive. — Hence, re- 
tain, maintain, hold, keep, save, 
stay by, continue in, stand by, re- 
serve, observe (a rite or occasion) : 
fidem {keep one^s word or faith, 
the regular expression). — Also, 
observe, watch, watch for, note, 
search, trace, gaze on, reach (of 
the eyesight). — servans, -antis 
(superl. servantlssimus), p. as 
adj., observant. 



sescenti (sex-), -ae, -a, [sex-cen- 
tum], adj., six hundred. 
sese, see sui-. 
seta, setiger, setosus ; see saeta, 

etc., the approved spelling. 

sen, see sive. 

severus, -a, -um, [?, poss. akin to 
GeBojuai, revere^, adj., strict, stern, 
severe, austere. — Poetically, cruel, 
awful: amnis Cocyti, Eumeni- 
dum. 

Severus, -1, [see severus], m., a 
mountain in the Sabine territory, 
on the borders of Picenum. 

sex [?, akin to If], indecl. num. 
adj., six. 

sexcenti, see sescenti. 

si [prob. loc. of pron.yxa (or V sa )> 
in that case (cf. sic)], conj., if, in 
case, in conditions. — Also, where 
the condition is a mere form, if (it 
is true that) , since, as, when, when- 
ever. — Esp. : si quidem, if . . . 
really, since, seeing that. — In 
wishes : si, O si, if only, oh if, oh 
that, would that. — With indef. 
pron. and adverbs : si quis, etc., 
if any one, &c, whoever, whenever, 
&c. — In a proviso, if in case, pro- 
vided. — Esp. : si modo, if only, 
provided that. — Also : quam si, 
in comparisons, than if, than -when, 
as if, as when. — In apparent in- 
direct questions, in case, if whether. 

— Concessive, even if, though. — 
In asseverations, if, as sure as. 

sibilo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsibi- 

16-], I. v. n., hiss. 
sibilus, -a, -um, [?], adj., hissing, 

— Less exactly, whispering, rus- 
tling. — Masc, a rustle, a murmur. 

Sibylla, -ae, [Gr. 2i/3uAAa], f., a 
Sibyl, a female seer. A large num- 
ber of such personages are men- 
tioned, of which one of the most 
famous* is the Cumxan, who was 
visited by ^Eneas, and by whom he 
was conducted to the world below. 
The idea of such persons seems to 
have been of foreign origin (prob- 
ably Hebrew), though their func- 
tions were closely connected with 



252 



Vocabulary, 



the worship of Apollo, the Greek 
and Latin god of divination. 

sic [si-ce, cf. si and hie], adv., so, 
thus, in tliis way. — Of a proviso, 
so (and so only), thus (and not 
otherwise). 

Sicanius, -a, -um, [fSicano- (re- 
duced) + ins], adj., of the Sicani, 
Sicanian. — Less exactly, Sicilian, 
of Sicily. — Fern., Sicily. 

Sicanus, -a, -urn, [fSico- (reduced, 
cf. Siculus) + anus], adj., of the 
Sicani (an ancient race of Central 
Italy, supposed to have colonized 
Sicily), Sicanian. — Masc. plur., 
theSicani. — Less exactly, Sicilian. 

sicco, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsicco-], 
I .v.a., dry, drain: cr\iore&(sta7ich). 

siccus, -a, -um, [?], adj., dry, dried 
up, thirsty, parched. — Neut., the 
dry land. 

Sicelis, -idis, [Gr. SwceXis], f. adj., 
Sicilian, a Sicilian woman. 

Sichaeus, see Sychaeus. 

sicub! [supposed to be si-fcubi (old 
form of ubi), but cf. sic and ubi], 
adv., if anywhere, whenever, where. 

Siculus, -a, -urn, [fSico- (cf. Si- 
canus) + lus, akin to ^ucehds], 
adj., Sicilian, of Sicily. 

sicut [sic-ut] , adv., so as, just as, as. 

Sicyonius, -a, -um,[Gr. %lkv6vios~\, 
adj., of Sicyon (a city of Pelopon- 
nesus famous for its olives), Sicy- 
onian. 

sidereus, -a, -um, [fsider -f- ens], 
adj., starry, star-like : clipeus 
{orb- like). 

Sidicinus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the 
Siclicini (a people of Campania). 

sido, sidl, no sup., sidere, [-^/sed, 
reduplicated], 3. v. n., sit down. — 
Less exactly, alight. 

Sldon, -onis, [Gr. %Mv], f., an 
ancient city of Phoenicia, from 
which Tyre was colonized. 

Sidonius, -a, -um, [Gr. ^l3u>vlos, 
-ovios~], adj., of Sidon, Sidonian. 
Less exactly, Tyrian, Phoenician : 
urbs {of Tyre) . 

sidus, -eris, [poss. sid (as root of 
sido) + us, position ?, as a nauti- 



cal, augural, or astrological word], 
n., a constellation, a quarter of 
the sky. — Less exactly, a heavenly 
orb (including the sun and moon), 
a star : sidera enieiisne (starry 
regions) . — Also, mostly plur., the 
heavens, Heaven, the stars of Heav- 
en, the skies, the sky : ad sidera 
(Jo the skies, aloft) . — Poetically, a 
season, a storm : mutato sidere 
(at the change of seasons). 

Sigeus, -a, -um, [Gr. ^iyeiov], 
adj., of Sigenm, a promontory of 
the Troad) . — Neut., Sigeum, the 
promontory. 

significo, -avi, -atum, -are, [as if 
fsignific-, cf. artifex], 1. v. a. 
and n., make a sign, signal, beckon. 

signo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsigno-] , 
I. v. a., mark, distinguish (by 
marking), mark out. — Of the ef- 
fect, draw, trace. — Also, discern, 
mark, notice, fix the eye on : se 
signari oculis (that all eyes are 
turned upon him). — Also, honor, 
distinguish, mark : nomen ossa. 
— Poetically: ora puer iuventa 
(show marks of youth in his face) . 

signum, -i, [unc. root + num, n. of 
-iius, cf. magnus], n., a mark, a 
sign, an indication, a trace (as a 
mark), a track, a signal, a watch- 
word. — Esp., an image, a figure, 
a representation, a carving (poss. 
the orig. meaning, cf. seco), a 
relief, embroidery, — Also, a con- 
stellation, a star, a sign (of the 
Zodiac, plur. the Zodiac). — Also 
(in plur.), the standards (of an 
army, as a rallying-point or as a 
trophy of victory) : referens (of 
Camillus) ; reposcere Parthos(of 
the standards taken by the Par- 
thians from Crassus) ; forre (bear, 
serve in the ranks) ; sequi (keep 
the ranks) ; conferre (join battle, 
charge)-,, collatis signis (in close 
combat) ; movere (break camp, 
advance) ; veil ere ( pluck up the 
standards, set in the ground, break 
camp, advance). 

Sila, -ae, [ ?], f., a forest in Bruttium. 



) Vocabulary. 



253 



Silarus,-!, [Gr. SfAapis], m., a river 
between Lucania and Campania, 
around which were extensive pas- 
ture-grounds. It flows into the 
sea near Paestum. 

silentium, -i (-il),[f silent -f inm], 
n., silence, stillness, quiet. — Also, 
secrecy. 

Sflenus, -I, [Gr. ^eiX^ySs], in., an 
old Satyr, the chief attendant of 
Bacchus. He is represented as a 
fat old man, generally intoxicated. 

sileo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [?], 2. v. n., 
be silent, keep silence, be mute, be 
dumb, be still, be 7ioiseless. — Poet- 
ically, act., leave unsung. — si- 
lens, -entis, p. as adj., silent, 
still, mtite, in silence, voiceless, 
soundless. — Masc. plur., the silent 
shades, the voiceless ghosts. 

slier, -eris, '[?], n., a willow (of a 
particular kind, perh. Salix vilu- 
Una), osier. 

silesco, no perf., no sup., -escere, 
[f sile- (of sileo) + sco], 3. v. n. 
incept., be silent, be hushed. 

silex, -icis, [?], m. and f., a flint, 
a pebble, flint, pebbles, a stone. — 
Less exactly, rock (in position), a 
cliff. 

siliqua, -ae, [?], f., a pod, a husk 
(of grain). 

silva, -ae, [akin to v'A.77], f., a wood, 
a forest, woodland : iuga silva- 
rum {wooded heights) . — Also, of 
other thick growths, a thicket, a 
thick growth, a growth. — Poetical- 
ly, of darts in a shield. — Less ex- 
actly (esp. in plur.), trees, woods, a 
growth of trees, wood, fruit-trees, 
orchards, pastures (wooded). — 
Esp., the woods (as opposed to 
cities or villages). 

Silvanus, -1, [f silva + nus, cf. 
Portunus], m., an Italian wood- 
land deity, presiding over woods, 
tillage, and cattle. He is repre- 
sented with a garland of flowers 
and reeds, carrying a tree-trunk, 
and is often associated with Pan 
and the Nymphs. 

silvestris, -e, [stem akin to silva 



-ftris, cf. equestris], adj., wood- 
land (adj.), forest (adj.), woody, 
wild, cf the woods : Hicra {dzucll- 
ing in the woods) . — Pig., rustic, 
woodland. 

Silvia, -ae, [f. of Silvins], f., a 
Latin maid whose pet stag was 
killed by lulus. 

silvicola, -ae, [f silva- (weakened) 
-cola, cf . incola], vol., dwelling in 
the woods, woodland (adj.); 

Silvius, -1 (-ii), [fsilva- (reduced) 
+ ins], m., a name cf several. kings 
of Alba, esp. the supposed son of 
^Eneas and founder of the line, 
and Silvhts sEneas, a later offshoot 
of the stock. 

similis, -e, [fsimo- (cf. opos, sim- 
plex) + lis], adj., like, resembling, 
of the same kind, si7nilar, the same. 

Simois, -entos, [Gr. 'Zi/j.oeis'], m., 
a river of the Troad. 

simplex, -icis, [fsimo- (reduced, 
cf. similis) -plex, cf. duplex], 
adj., single, simple, pure, untaint- 
ed : herba {plain). — With nega- 
tives, not uniform, manifold : sim- 
plex nee modns inserere {and 
the method- &c. is 7iot uniform, is 
manifold) . 

simul [n. of similis (cf. facul- 
tas)], adv., at the same time ; — 
repeated, at once . . . and, and at 
the same time, no sooner . . . than. 

— simul atque (ac), as soon as. 

— Without atque, in same sense. 

— Also, at once, immediately, to- 
gether : arma simul iacere vina 
simul {all together) . — Rarely (with 
abl. without prep.), at the same 
time with {as) : his dictis {with 
these words) . — With a participle, 
while : simul hoc dicens. 

simulacrum, -1, [f simula- (of si- 
mulo) + crnm], n., an image, a 
statue, a spectre, a ghost, a phan- 
tom. — a mimicry, an imitation. 

simulatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of simulo. 

simulo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f simili- 
(cf. simul)], I. v. a., make like, 
counterfeit, imitate. — Also, make 
a pretence, pretend, feign : simu- 



254 



Vocabulary. 



lans multa (making many pre- 
tences). — simulatus, -a, -urn, 

p.p., made like, counterfeit, pre* 
tended^ false : simulata mente 
{with deceitful purpose) ; . verba 
(assumed) ; magnis Pergama 
{imitating^ &c.) ; simulato nu- 
mine Bacchi (pretending an in- 
spiration, &c). 

simus, -a, -urn, [?, cf. at/j.os'], adj., 
fiat-nosed. 

sin [si-ne, if not'} , conj., but if if 
however y -if on the other hand. 

sine [?, akin to sed, cf. pone], 
prep., without. — With abl. in adj. 
or adv. phrase : tenuem sine viri- 
bus umbram ; sine fine furens ; 
sine more furit (ungovernably) ; 
raptae sine more Sabinae (law- 
lessly)^ 

singulto, no perf., -atum, -are,- 
[fsingultu-], I . v. n., hiccough, sob: 
singultantem sanguine truncum 
(spouting jets of blood) . 

singultus, -us, [fsingulo- (re- 
duced) + tus, as if fr. stem of lost 
verb, cf. singultim], m., gasping, 
panting, a gasp. 

(singulus, -a, -um, archaic), Plur. 
singuli, -ae, -a, [akin to simul], 
adj., one at a time, one by one, each 
in detail, singly (in adv. force) : 
nee singula corpora (and not 
single creatures merely') ; inter 
singula verba (with every word) . 
— Neut. (as subst.), each thing, 
every detail, everything, every 
point, every object. 

sinister, -tra, -trum, [unc. stem 
-fter, cf. minister] , adj ., left hand, 
left, on the left. — From auspices, 
ill-boding, inauspicious, mischiev- 
ous, hurtful (but also, favorable, 
from a different doctrine of au- 
gury). — Fern. (sc. manus), the left 
hand. 

sino, sivi, situm, sinere, [V s ^> 
of unc. kin.], 3. v. a., (place, put), 
leave (cf. pono), (rarely exc. in 
comp. and p.p.) : sinite arma 
viris. — Fig. (cf. Eng. " leave "), 
permit, allow, let, suffer > let be : 



non perterrita sinit agmina 

(suffer to be, &c). — Also (perh. 
imitation of Greek, cf. idee), spare, 
forbear, leave off, desist : hanc 
animam ; nunc sinite. — ■ situs, 
-a, -um, p.p., situated. 

Sinon, -onis, [?], m., the spy who 
induced the Trojans to admit the 
wooden horse within their walls. 

sinum, -1, [akin to sinus], n., a 
bozvl (for drinking). 

sinuo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsinu-], 
I. v. a., bend, fold, tzuist (infolds). 

sinuosus, -a, -um, [fsinu + osus], 
adj., in folds, winding, coiled, tor- 
tuous, sinuous. 

sinus, -us, [?], m, a bend, a hollow 
surface, a fold (of a garment), a 
coil (of a serpent), a curve, a bel- 
lying (swelling) sail, the hollozv 
(of a wave) : sinus extremi or- 
bis (the farthest curve of the cir- 
cle of the world); vasto sinu (in 
its mighty embrace, of a wave) ; 
sinum trahit fiuctus (the swell 
rolls on) ; Cocytus sinu labens 
(in its winding course) . — Esp., the 
bosom (where the folds of the gar- 
ment cross), the lap, the breast, an 
embrace. — Hence, poetically, of 
things half personified (cf. " the 
lap of earth "), bosom, lap : laxant 
arva sinus (the Earth opens her 
bosom, at the coming of Spring) ; 
Nilum pandentem sinum (open- 
ing her arms). — Also, a bay, a 
gulf, a cove ; a slit. 

siqua, siquando, slquis; see si, 
quis, etc. 

Siren, -enis, [Gr. ^tp-fjv'], f., mostly 
plur., the Sirens. Monsters with 
women's heads and the bodies of 
birds, who enticed mariners to the 
shore. Their abode was (accord- 
ing to one story), upon three isl- 
ands off the bay of Naples, which 
were hence called Sirenum sco- 
puli. 

Sirius, -1 (-ii), [Gr. ^ipios], m., 
Sirius, the Dog-star, which rose 
with the sun (at the period when 
the popular astronomy began), 



Vocabulary. 



255 



about the middle of July. Hence 
the star is associated with extreme 
heat. — Also in appos. as adj.: 
Sirius ardor {the heat of the Dog- 
star} . 
sisto, stitl (steti), statum, sis- 
tere, [ ^/sta reduplicated, cf. %(ttt\- 

mO* 3- v - a - anc * n * Act. ( causa_ 
tive), {cause to stand) , set, place, 
bring, fetch. — Also, stop, stay, 
rein in (of horses), cause to stand 
still. — Also, set tip, reinstate, re- 
store, be the stay of — With reflex- 
ive, place one's self, stand. — In- 
trans., stand still, stop, stay, settle, 
strike (of a missile) : sistere con- 
tra {make a stand agai?ist, with- 
stand, resist). 

sistrum, -1, [Gr. aeTo-rpov'], n., a 
sistrum, a metallic musical instru- 
ment of rods playing in a frame, 
which produced a rattling sound 
when shaken. It belonged par- 
ticularly to the Egyptians, and was 
used in the worship of Isis and ap- 
parently also in war. 

Sithonius, -a, -um, [Gr. ^.lOdoi/ioi'], 
adj., of the Sithonii (a Thracian 
tribe), Sithonian, Thracian. 

sit io, -I vi ( -il ) , no sup . , -ire, [ f siti-] , 
4. v. n. and a., thirst, be thirsty, be 
parched, be dry. — sitiens, -entis, 
p. as adj., thirsty, parched, greedy. 

sitis, -is, [?], i., thirst. — Fig., 
drought, parching heat : ignea si- 
tis {burning fever) . 

situs, -a, -um, p.p. of sino. 

situs, -us, [y'si^of sino) + tus], 
m., {a placing, a leaving), neglect, 
lying fallow, want of care, inactiv- 
ity : victa situ senectus {rust, as 
of one's dotage) . — Also, a position. 

sive (seu), [si-ve], conj., or if. — 
Repeated, if either . . . or, whether 
. . .or, if. . . or if, if. . . or if on the 
other hand, either . . .or (where the 
force of si is lost in Eng.). — So in 
other combinations with samesense. 

soboles, see suboles. 

socer, -erl, [?, cf. eKvp6s'], m., a 
father-in-law. — Plur., parents-in- 
law. 



sociatus, -a, -um, p.p. of socio. 

socio, -avi, -atum, -are, [f socio-], 

• I. v. a., ally, attach, unite, join, 

associate : urbe domo nos {adopt 

us &c, share with us &c). — Esp. 

by the bond of marriage. 

socius, -a, -um, [ ^/sec (in sequor) 
+ ius], adj., accompanying, allied, 
associated, friendly : agmina {al- 
lied, of friends) ; arma {alliance 
in arms) ; agmen {band of allies) ; 
rates {allied, of his countrymen) ; 
Penates {kindred). — Masc. and 
fern, (as subst.), a companion, an 
ally, a follower, a friend, an asso- 
ciate, an abettor, an assistant : so- 
cii comitentur ovantes {friends 
and neighbors) ; O socii {com- 
rades, companions) . 

sodalis, -is, [?], comm., a comrade 
(intimate friend). 

sol, soils, [?, cf. r\\ios~\, m.,the sun, 
conceived as driving in a char- 
iot from ocean to ocean, and more 
or less identified with Apollo the 
sun-god. — Less exactly, swishijie, 
the heat of the sun (as in Eng.), 
the light of the sun : alio sub sole 
{in another clime) ; sol cadens 
{the west, the setting sun, also the 
region of sunset). — Plur. (each 
day having its own sun), the sun, 
days of sunshine, days, swzshine : 
soles condere {see the sun to rest, 
close the day). 

solacium (solat-), -1 (-ii), [fso- 
lac- (cf. ferocia) or solato- (cf. 
initiuni) + ium], n., solace, con- 
solation. — Plur.: tua {the solace 
you afford); nostri {my solace)-, 
luctus {of a grief). 

solamen, -inis, [fsola- (of solor) 
-f men], n., solace, comfort, allevi- 
ation, relief, consolation. 

solatium, see solacium. 

solatus, -a, -um, p.p. of solor. 

solemnis, see sollemnis. 

soleo, solitus sum, sole re, [?], 
2. v. n.,be wont, be accustomed, use. 
— solitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
wonted, customary, accustomed, 
usual. 



2Z6 



Vocabulary. 



solers, see sellers, 
solido, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsoli- 
do-], I. v. a., make solid, harden. 
solidus,-a, -um,[ fsolo- (of solum) 

+ dus], adj., solid, firm, stout, 
strong. — -Also (without the idea of 
strength), solid, entire. — Fig., un- 
impaired, vigorous. — Neut., the 
solid ground, firm ground, solid 
wood. — Fig. : in solido {on firm 
ground, on a firm footing) . 

solium, -I (-ii), [poss. fsolo- (re- 
duced) -f ium], n., a seat, a throne. 

sollemnis, -e, [ ?, f sollo-annus (re- 
duced and declined as adj.)], adj., 
yearly, annual, stated, appointed. — 
From association with sacred rites, 
solemn, sacred, festival, custo??iary, 
wonted: imperium(<2.y before, time- 
honored). — Neut., a sacred rite, 
funeral rites (plur.). 

sollers, -ertis, [f sollo-ars, decl. as 
adj.], adj., skilful, expert, well- 
skilled^ 

sollicito (sol-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fsollicito-], i. v. a., stir up, stir, 
agitate: telum {work back and 
forth). — Fig., disturb, trouble, 
agitate, vjorry, harass, provoke, 
stimulate. 

sollicitus (sol-), -a, -um, [f sollo- 
citus], adj., violently agitated: 
mare (troubled) . — - Fig., agitated, 
troubled, anxious, in anxiety, in 
suspense : amores {unhappy). 

solor, -atus, -arl, [ ?,poss. fsolo- (cf. 
in solido)], i.v. dep. (of persons), 
console, relieve, comfort, cheer, en- 
courage. — -Of evils, &c, alleviate, 
relieve, lighten : metuni {calm) ; 
amor em {solace, lighten the pains 
of)-, solando lenire {relieve by 
consolation) . 

solstitium, -i, (-ii), [f sol-stitium, 
cf. iustitium], n., the summer 
solstice (cf. bruma, the winter 
solstice), the summer y the summer 
heat. 

solum, -I, [cf. solidus], n., the 
ground, the land, the earth, the 
soil, earth, land, a site : subtra- 
hitur solum {the surface flies be- 



nea h them) ; quocunque solo ex- 
is {spot of earth) ; tremefacta 
solotellus(&?/z<?tf///); urbsEtrus- 
ea solo {in situation), nostrum 
solum {our land) ; aequo crede 
solo {on a7t equal footing) ; Cere- 
ale solum {support, receptacle) . 
solum, see solus, 
solus, -a, -um, gen. -ius, [perh. 
akin to sollus with different suffix], 
adj., alone, single, only, tke only, 
in solitude: lumen quod solum 
{his only one) . — Also, lonely, sol- 
itary, deserted. 
solutus, -a, -um, p.p. of solvo. 
solvo, solvi, solutum, solvere, 
[prob. se- 2. luo, cf. Auo>], 3. v. a. 
Of a bond, unbind, untie, unloose, 
cast off, break down : fanes ; nexus 
solvuntur {are relaxed) ; cra- 
tes ; iuga tauris; vittas. — So 
fig., looseii, dismiss : corde me turn 
(cf. corda metu) pudorem ^do 
away with)-, foedus {break). — 
Also of the thing bound, release, 
set free, let loose, loosen (from its 
hold), detach, let go, unloose, un- 
furl, break up, open out, extend, 
break, destroy : equum colla {free 
fro?n the yoke) ; crines {unbind) ; 
agmina caudae solvuntur {are 
unwound, cf. manipli soluti); 
se luctu {throw off) ; puppis sol- 
vitur {is broken up, goes to pieces) ; 
agmina {break up, divide) ; ocu- 
los {close, relax) ; solutae Iliades 
crinem {with flowing hair) ; cae- 
lum in Tartara {confound Heaven 
and Hell) . — Esp., paralyze, relax, 
enervate, dissolve, thazv ; mem- 
bra ; latera solvuntur {become 
flabby) ; viscera; solvitur in som- 
nos {sinks). — Also, pay (unbind 
an obligation), discharge, perform 
(a due) . — solutus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., unbound, loose, relaxed, 
free, opened, extended, unre- 
strained : ite solutae; manipli 
{open, exte?zded)', risus {unre- 
strained) ; somno vinoque solu- 
ti {buried). 
somnifer, -era, -erum, [f somno- 



Vocabulary. 



257 



fer (^/fer-f us)], adj., soporific : 
cantus {that lull to sleep) . 

somnium, -I (-il), [fsomno- (re- 
duced) + ium], m., a dream. — 
Personified, a Dream. 

somnus, -I, [ ^sop+nus, cf. vttuos], 
m., sleep, slumber : somno iacens 
{lying asleep) . — Also, a dream, a 
vision. — Also, night. — Personi- 
fied, Sleep. 

sonipes, -edis, [fsono-pes], m., 
the prancing steed, the horse with 
ringing hoof. 

sonitus, -us, [fsoni- (weaker stem 
of sono) + tus], m., a sound, a 
noise, a din, a rattle, a ring, a 
clang, a roar, a hum, a ringing, 
clanging, clashing, or crackli?ig 
noise: pedum {tramp). 

sono, -ui, -itum, -are, [fsono-], 
I. v. n., give forth a sound, sound, 
resound, sing noisily, ring, roar, 
echo, rattle, twang (of a bow, &c.), 
whiz, thunder: magno ore {sound 
the loudest tones) ; gradibus so- 
nant {plant their ringing hoofs). 
— With cogn. ace., resound with, 
speak noisily : atavos {loudly 
boast) ; sonans acerba {harsh 
sounding)-, nee mortale sonans 
{with no mortal voice)', classica; 
nee vox hominem sonat {sound 
human). — sonans, -antis, p. as 
adj., sounding, resozmding, roar- 
ing, murmuring, rattling, twang- 
ing, noisy, screaming. 

sonor, -oris, [^/son (in sonus) + 
or], m., a sound, a noise, a roar, 
a ring. 

sonorus, -a, -um, [perh. fsonor + 
us, but cf. decorus], adj., sotmd- 
ing, noisy, roaring, rattling, ring- 
Jng. 

sons, sontis, [?], adj., guilty. — 
Masc. plur., the guilty. 

sonus, -1, [ y'son (cf. sonor) + us], 
m., a sound, a ring, a murmur, a 
din, an uproar : fit sonus {there 
is a crash). 

Sophocleus, -a, -um, [Gr. 2,o(p6- 
/cAefos], adj., of Sophocles, the great 



master of tragic poetry. — Also 
(almost reduced to), tragic. 

sopio, -ivi (-il), -itum, -Ire, [ v^op 
(cf. sopor), perh. through adj.- 
stem], 4. v. a., lull to sleep. — so- 
pltus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., put 
to sleep : sopitus somno {buried 
in sleep) . — So, fig. : arae , ignes 
{half extinguished) ; sensus {si um- 
bering) . 

sopitus, -a, -um, p.p. of sopio. 

sopor, -oris, [V S0 P ( c ^- sopio) + 
or], m., sleep. — Personified, Sleep. 

soporatus, -a, -um, [p.p. of so- 
poro], adj., soporific, endued with 
sleep. 

soporifer, -era, -erum, [fsopor- 
(as if fsopori) -fer ( ^/fer + us)], 
adj., sleep-inducing, drozvsy. 

soporus, -a, -um, [perh. fsopor + 
us, but cf. decorus], adj., drowsy. 

Soracte, -is, [?], n., a high moun- 
tain in Etruria, a few miles from 
Rome. On its top was a temple 
of Apollo, where a festival was held 
in his honor with peculiar rites. 
{Mt.^St. Oreste.) 

sorbeo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [perh. 
akin to pocpeco'], 2. v. a., suck in, 
swallow up. 

sorbum, -1, [?], n., the sorbus, a 
berry, prob. the service berry, Sor- 
bus domestica. 

sordeo, no perf., no sup., sordere, 
[fsordi- (of sordes)], 2. v. n., be 
foul. — Fig., be worthless. 

sordidus, -a, -um, [fsordi + dus], 
adj., foul, filthy, squalid : rura 
{the humble country) . 

soror, -oris, [?, akin to Eng. sister'], 
f., a sister. — Plur., of the Muses, 
the Sisters ; of the Nymphs, as of 
kin, sister nymphs, sisters. 

sors, sortis, [una root (cf. 2. sero, 
+ tis)], f., a lot, an assigned por- 
tion, a division, a part. — Also, a 
lot (cast), fate, destiny, fortune, 
an allotment : pugnae, Martis 
{fortune of war)-, ultra sortem 
senectae {beyond the common lot, 
&c) ; sorte {by lot, by fate, by 
allotment)-, sine sorte {without 



258 



Vocabulary. 



lots, by which the judges were 
chosen). — Also (from the Italian 
divination by lots), generally plur., 
an oracle, oracles, responses, pro- 
phetic words. 

sortior, -Itus, -Irl, [fsorti-], 4. v. 
dep., allot, choose by lot, take by 
lot, take (what is assigned by lot), 
divide by lot: remos {choose the 
oars?Jien by lot) ; fata {decide) . 
— Less exactly, choose, select : sor- 
titus fortunam ocu'lis {choosing 
his opportunity). 

sortitus, -a, -um, p.p. of sortior. 

sortitus, -us, [fsorti- (of sortior) 
+ tus], m., an assignment, an al- 
lotment. 

sospes, -itis, [?], adj., safe, saved, 
alive. 

spadlx, -Icis, [Gr. o-7ra5<|], adj., bay, 
brozvn. 

spargo, sparsi, sparsum, spar- 
gere, [^sparg, of unc. kin.], 
3. v. a., strew, scatter, sprinkle, 
fling around, hurl, cast, spatter ; 
sparsa per orbem {dispersed) . — 
Fig., spread, diffuse, scatter, fling 
out. — With change of point of 
view, bestrew, strew, sprinkle, cover 
far and near {here and there), 
spot: spar sis pellibus albo {their 
skins spotted with white) . 

sparsus, -a, -um, p.p. of spargo. 

Sparta, -ae, [Gr. ^^aprr\\, f., also 
called Lacedce7non, the capital of 
Laconia. 

Spartanus, -a, -um, [f Sparta + 
nus], adj., Spartan. 

sparus, -1, [?], m., a bill-hook (a 
rustic weapon of some kind), a 
hunting-spear (?). 

spatior, -atus, -ari, [fspatio-], 
I. v. dep., walk back and forth. 

spatium, -1 (-ii), [?, cf. ^Eol. cnrd- 
Siov, stadium^, n. (often plur.), a 
space, a distance, an interval, a 
stretch (of distance or extent), 
room, bounds (enclosing space), 
a course, an extent: corripiunt 
spatia {fly over the course) ; ad- 
dunt se in spatia {leave the course 
behind tke??i, see addo) ; spatia 



in sua {within their bounds) ; 
curvatis spatiis {in circular 
course, enclosing circles) ; spatiis 
propioribus {nearer in its course). 

— Fig., time, room. 

species, -el, [^/spec (in specio) 
-f ies], f., an appearance, a sight : 
specie movetur {by appearances). 

— Also, a form, a shape, a phase, 
a kind : species animorum {the 
moods, of living creatures). 

specimen, -inis, [f speci- (stem of 
specio) + men], n., a mark, a 
toke7t, an emblem, an example, an 
instance, a test, a proof 

spectaculum, -I, [fspecta- (of 
spe.cto)+ culum], n., a spectacle 9 
a sight, a display, a7i exhibition. 

spectator, -oris, [fspecta- (of 
specto) + tor], m., a spectator. 

spectatus, -a, -um, p.p. of specto. 

specto, -avi, -atum, -are, [f spec- 
to- (cf. specio)], 1. v. a., gaze 
upon, gaze at, behold, see, watch, 
look 071 (absolutely) : ad vitulam 
{have an eye on). — Fig., view, 
co7tsider, regard. — spectatus, -a, 
-um, p.p., tried, tested, proved. 

specula, -ae, [fspeco- (^spec-l- 
us) -f la, cf. speculum and o-ko- 
7reAos], f., a watch-tower, a look- 
out, a height. 

speculator, -oris, [fspecula- (of 
speculor) + tor], m., a spy. 

speculatus, -a, -um, p.p. of spe- 
culor. 

speculor, -atus, -ari, [fspecula-], 
I. v. dep., watch, reconnoitre, 
search, examine, look on (abso- 
lutely), spy out, take sight at, aim 
at, espy, catch sight of. 

specus, -us, [?], m., f., and n., a 
cave, a cavern, a chasm. — Less 
exactly, a cavity (of a wound, a 
gash). 

spelaeum, -I, [Gr. crir'fjAaioi/^, n., a 
cave, a caver 71, a den. 

spelunca, -ae, [Gr. aTrrjXvyf}, {., a 
chas77i, a cavern, a cave, a cleft (in 
a rock), a grotto. 

Sperchius (-eus), -I, [Gr. ^-rrepxe?- 
os~], m., a noted river of Thessaly 



Vocabulary. 



259 



flowing from Mt Pindus to the 
Maliac Gulf. It was celebrated in 
Greek poetry. 

sperno, sprevl, spretum, sper- 
nere, [?, ^/sper], 3. v. a., remove 
(prob. orig. with violence), spurn. 
— Fig., spurn, scorn, reject, despise, 
disdain : spreta forma (slighted) . 

spero, -avi, -atum, -are, [orig. 
stem of spes, or kindred stem], 
I. v. a. and n., hope. — Less com- 
monly, expect, look for, wait for, 
fear. 

spes, spei, (old nom. plur. speres), 
[?], f., hope, expectation. — Also, 
a hope (i.e. an object on which 
hope is founded) : spemque gre- 
gemque {the flock and its future 
hopes) . 

spleeus, -a, -um, [fspica- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., bearded. 

splculurn, -1, [fspica- (weakened) 
+ lum (n. of -lus)], n., a dart (a 
light missile weapon), a javelin, 
an arrow, the sting (of a bee). 

spina, -ae, [perh. akin to spica], 
f ., a thorn. — Also, the back-bone, 
the spine. 

splnetum, -1, [fspina- (reduced) 
+ etnm, cf. durneturn], n., a 
thorn brake, a thicket of thorns. 

spfnus, -1, [cf. spina], m., a thorn 
bush, a sloe tree. 

Splo, -us, [Gr. 27T€iw], f., a sea : 
nymph or nereid. 

spira, -ae, [Gr. cnreipa], f., a coil, a 
fold. 

spirabilis, -e, [f spira (of spiro) 
+ bilis], adj., respirable : spira- 
bile lumen '{light and air). 

spiraculum, -I, [f spira- (of spiro) 
+ cnlnm, cf. miraculum], n., 
breathing-place, veiit-hole. 

spiramentum, -1, [f spira- (of 
spiro) + mentnm], n., an air- 
hole, a pore, a chink : spiramen- 
ta animae {the air-passages, the 
lungs) . 

spiritus, -us, [fspiri- (as if stem 
of spiro) + tns], m.,- the breath, a 
blast, the breath of life, life, inspi- 
ration. — Also, high spirit, cour- 



age. — Also, a celestial soul (the 
divine ether). 
spiro, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], i.v. n. 
and a., breathe, blow, puff, exhale. 

— Fig., breathe from, be diffused 
from. — With cog. ace, breathe 
forth, breathe, shed. — Also, bubble, 
effervesce, boil: freta {seethe). — 
splrans, -antis, p. : spirans gra- 
viter thyma {of heavy odor) ; 
aera {breathing, alive) ; exta 
{palpitating) . 

spissus, -a, -um, [?], adj., thick 
(opposedto rarus), close, crowded: 
ager {compact soil) ; arena {close- 
packed). 

splendeo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [?, 
fsplendo- (cf. splendidus)], 2. 
v. n., shine, be bright, glisten. 

splendesco,-dnl,nosup.,-descere, 
[fsplende- (of splendeo) + sco], 
3. v. n., shine. 

splendidus, -a, -um, [f splendo- 
(cf. splendeo) -j-dus], adj., bright. 

— Fig., magnificent, stately. 

spoliatus, -a, -um, p.p. of spolio. 

spolio, -avi, -atum, -are, [f spo- 
lio-], 1. v. a., strip, despoil, spoil. 

— Fig., deprive, bereave, rob. 
spolium, -i (-ii), [V S P°1 (?> cf - 

(tkvXXco) + inm, perh. through in- 
termediate stem, cf. (tkv\ov~\, n., 
spoil, spoils. — Poetically of other 
advantages, cf. " conquest," as in 
English. 

sponda, -ae, [?], f., a bed, a couch. 

spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, 
spondere, [ ^/spond, pour (liba- 
tions), through noun-stem, cf. enrov- 
Sai, a truce~\, 2. v. a. and n., prem- 
ise, agree, projnise one's self, be as- 
sured of. — sponsus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as subst. Masc, a betrothed bride- 
groom. — Fern., a betrothed bride, 
one's betrothed. 

sponsa, see spondeo. 

sponte [abl. of lost spons, of unc. 
kin.], f., of one's own accord, 
voluntarily, by one's own wishes, 
by one's own will, spontaneously : 
sponte sua {spontaneously, of it- 



26o 



Vocabulary. 



self, of themselves, without one^s 
agency) ; sponte mea componere 
curas (in my own way, by my own 
will)-, non sponte (not of his own 
will ) . 

spretus, -a, -um, p.p. of sperno. 

spuma, -ae, [ V S P U (°f spuo) + 
ma], f., froth, foam: argenti 
(scum of silver, litharge) . 

spumeus, -a, -um, [f spuma- (re- 
duced) -f eus], adj., foamy, foam- 
ing, foam-wreathed, foam-covered. 

spiimo, -avl, -atum, -are, [f spu- 
ma-], I. V. n., foam, froth, be cov- 
ered 'with foam. — spumans, -an- 
tis, p. as adj., foaming, foamy, 
frothing, frothy: spumantes rates 
(foam -tossing) ; ensis cruore 
(reeking) . 

spumosus, -a, -um, [f spuma- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., foamy, foam- 
ing. 

spuo, spul, sputum, spuere, 
[ ^/spu, akin to tttvoo~] , 3. v. a. and n., 
spit, spit otit. 

squaleo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [f squa- 
16- (perh. of squalus, y'squa + 
lus?, dogfish, cf. also squalidus)], 
2. v. n., be rough : squalentes in- 
fode conchas (rough). — Of lands, 
be ill tilled, be rough, lie waste. — 
squalens,-entis, p. as adj., rough, 
rugged, scaly, unkempt, embroi- 
dered (cf. asper), embossed. 

squalor, -oris, [ ^/squal (as root of 
squaleo) + or], m., (roughness) , 
foulness, rustiness, flthiness. 

squama, -ae, [perh. ^/squa (cf. 
squalus, squaleo) + ma], f., a 
scale, a plate (in armor). 

squameus, -a, -um, [f squama- 
(reduced) -f eus], adj., scaly. 

squamosus, -a, -um, [fsquama- 
(reduced) + osus], adj., scaly. 

stab ills, -e, [ ^/sta (of sto) + bi- 
lis], adj., stable, firm, — Fig., last- 
ing, tmchanging. 

stabulo, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fstabulo-], 1. v. n. Of animals, 
have a stable, be kept. — Of the 
Centaurs, live, dwell, have their 
stalls. 



stabulum, -1, [^/sta (of sto) + 
bulum], n., a stall, a stable, a fold, 
a hive (of bees). — Less exactly, 
a herd, an abode (of wild beasts), 
a dwelling-place, a cover, a den, a 
shepherd } s hut. 

stagno, -avl, -atum, -are, [f stag- 
no-], I. v. n., stagjzate. — stag- 
nans, -autis, p. as adj., stagnant, 
standing in pools, standing. 

stagnum, -I, [ ?, unc. root + num, n. 
of -nus, cf. magnus], n., a pool, 
a pond, standing water, a cistern 
(open, in a house), a lake, a stream 
(flowing slowly), deep waters, the 
depths (of the sea where the water 
is still), the deep water, a sluggish 
stream, sluggish zuaters. 

statio, -onis, [as if ^/sta+tio, prob. 
through intermediate stem, cf. sta- 
tim], f., a standing. — Concretely, 
a position, a situation, a station, a 
stopping-place, a resting-place, a 
harbor, a landing-place, a road- 
stead, a home, an abode. — In mili- 
tary sense, a post. 

statuo, -ui, -utum, -uere, [f sta- 
tu-], "3. v. a., setup, set in position, 
place, build, found, throw up (a 
mound) . — Esp., set up (as an offer- 
ing), offer. — In battle (with loco, 
cf. cedere loco), stay, rally. — 
Fig., establish, ordain, determine, 
* resolve. 

status, -us, [-^sta (:n sto) + tus], 
m., (a standing), a position, a con- 
dition, a state. 

stella, -ae, [prob. fstera- (y'ster 
+ a) + la], f., a star, a planet, a 
shooting- star, a meteor (prob. not 
distinguished as such). — Less ex- 
actly, a constellatioiz. 

stellans, -antis, [as if (perh. really^ 
p. of stello (fr. f stella-)], adj., 
starry. 

stellatus, -a, -um, [p.p., cf. stel- 
lans], adj., studded with stars, 
studded (as with stars) . 

stellio, -onis, [fstella- (reduced) 
+ io], in., (spotted), a ?zewt, a liz- 
ard. 

sterilis, -e, [fstero- (cf. c-rcpeds, 



Vocabular 



.- 



261 



kard)-\-\\S (-lus)], adj., barren, 
sterile, unfruitful. 

sternax, -Scis, [stern (as if root 
of sterno) + ax, cf. capax], adj., 
throwing its rider (of a horse), 
stumbling, floundering, 

sterno, stravi, stratum, stern ere, 
[^/ster, cf. crTopevyvfii^, 3. v. a., 
spread out, lay flat, throw on the 
ground, strew. — Esp. of violent 
overthrow, lay low, lay prostrate, 
fell, strike down, bring down, slay, 
kill, lay waste, sweep away, mow 
dozen, overwhelm, overthrow; — 
pass.,/tf//, lie strewn : sternamur 
campis (we may lie dead on the 
plains) ; so, artus sternit humi 
moriens (falls with his limbs &c). 
— In pass, or with reflexive, throw 
one's self, lie down. — Also, level, 
smoothe. — Fig., crush, depress, cast 
down: mortalia corda. — With 
change of point of view, bestrew, 
cover with, strew with. — stratus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., outspread, 
scattered, slain, strewn, calm (of 
the sea). — Xeut., bedding, a bed, 
a couch, a pavement: stratum 
ostrum ( a purple couch). 

Steropes, -is, [Gr. ^repo^s], m., 
one of Vulcan's smiths. 

Sthenelus, -1, [Gr. 20eVeAos], m. : 
I . A Grecian warrior, the charioteer 
of Diomede; 2. A Trojan warrior 
slain by Turnus. See also Sthe- 
nius. 

Sthenius, -1 (-ii), [Gr. ^Oeuios'], m., 
a Rutulian slain by Pallas (some- 
times read Sthenelus and Hele- 
nus). 

Stimiclion (-ontis),[Gr.prop.name 
(not found)], m., a shepherd. 

stimulo, -avi, -atuni, -are, [f sti- 
mulo-], I. v. a., spur on, goad. — 
Tig., goad to frenzy, stimulate, ex- 
cite, urge, incite. 

stimulus, -1, [fstimo- (^stig, in 
stinguo, + nus, cf. oTiyjx6s) + 
lus], m., a goad, a spur. — Fig., 
an excitement, a stimulus, a spur 
(with the same f:g. in English) : 
stimuli Bacchi (the frenzy cf 



Bacchus) ; stimuli amari (cruel 
sting) . 
stipatus, -a, -um, p.p. of stipo. 

stipes, -itis, (also stips), [fstipi- 
( -^/stip + i, akin to stipo, stips, 

cf. (rrei/3a>) + tus or -tis (reduced)], 
m., (the solid trunks), a trunk, a 
tree-trunk, a stub (a tree with the 
branches lopped). 

stipo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fstip- 
(cf. stipes, stips)], I. v. a., cram, 
crowd, pack : carinis argentum 
(stow, load) . — Also, accompany, 
escort, atteiid upon. — stipatus, 
-a, -um, p.p., crozuded, dense, 
thronging ; — escorted. 

stipula, -ae, [fstip- (as if stipo-) 
+ la], f., (a little trimk), a stalk, 
straw, stubble : viridis (the blade, 
before the ear forms). 

stiria, -ae, [akin to stilla], f., an 
icicle. 

stirps, stirpis, [?, apparently akin 
to stipes], f. and m., a stock, a 
stem, a trunk, a root (with the 
stock, cf. radix, root alone), a 
stump : nova stirps (a new stock, 
a growth for propagation, cf. be- 
low). — Fig., a stock, a race, a 
lineage, a family. — Of individuals, 
a scion, the progeny. — ab stirpe, 
at the lower end, at the root, by 
race, from the root. — cum stirpe 
(stirpibus inn's), proverbial, root 
and branch. 

stiva, -ae, [ ?], f., a plough-ha7idle. 

sto, steti, statum, stare, [y'sta, 
cf. HcTrijuLi], I. v. n., stand (upright) . 
— In descriptions (often with a 
qualifying word), stand, stand by, 
stand there, be. — Less exactly, of 
things, stand, stand erect, stand otit, 
stand firm, be bttilt, be ; also, (come 
and) stand. — So, fig., stand fast, 
stand 'firm, rest on, depend on, re- 
main standing, remain. — So : ra- 
tis,and the \i\<.e(lie, anchor, land); 
lapides (of statues) ; stabis de 
marmore (of a divinity) ; stet du- 
ra silex (stand carved from &c, or 
literally) ; stat gravis Entellus ; 
mare placidum (lie) ; vires so- 



262 



Vocabulary. 



lidae ; cura {centre in) ; res Ilia ; 
spes {rest on) ; regno incolumis 
{stand unharmed in his power) ; 
bene stat gratia {gratitude re- 
mains) ; comae {stand on end) ; 
lumina namma {standout) ; ferri 
acies ; stetit ante pedes. — Esp. 
of fighting and the like : acie ; 
Iupiter hac stat {is on this side) ; 
stare contra {withstand, be op- 
posed). — Also, stop, stay, hatt, be 
checked. — Of weapons, stand fast, 
stick, stay, be fixed. — Esp., cost. — 
Also, be fixed, be determined, one 
is resolved. — Phrases : stare loco, 
remain in position, stand firm ; 
stant causae belli, seeds of war 
are sown; caelum pulvere, the 
air hangs thick with dust. 

stomachus, -I, [Gr. ar6fxaxos~\,m., 
the sto?nach, 

strages, -is, [-^/ster, stra (in 
sterno) + unc. term.], f., devasta- 
tion. — Esp. in battle, slaughter, 
havoc, carnage : conf usae stragis 
acervus {a confused heap of slain) . 

stramen, -inis, [ ^/ster, stra (in 
sterno) +men], n., straw, leaves 
(spread for bedding) . 

stratum, see sterno, 

stratus, -a, -um, p.p. of sterno. * 

strepito, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fstrepito- (p.p. of strepo)], 
i. v. n., make a noise, clamor. 

strepitus, -us, [ f strepi- (of strepo) 
4- tus), m., a noise, a din, a sound 
(loud and confused), a roar, a 
busyjium (of a city), a murmur. 

strepo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [?], 
3- # v. n., make a confused noise, 
ring, clash, clang, sound, rattle, 
be noisy, resound. — Of animals, 
cackle, scream. 

strictura, -ae, [^/strig (in strin- 
go) + tura, but cf. pictura], f., 
a pressure. — a wrought bar (or 
mass of iron) . 

strict us, -a, -um, p.p. of stringo. 

strideo, strldi, no sup., stridere, 
[t strido- ( ^/strid -f us, cf. stri- 
dulus and strido) ], 2. v. n., grate, 
creak, rattle, roar, hiss, whiz. 



twang, buzz, hum : vulnus {hiss) ; 
procella {howl). 

strido, strldi, no sup., stridere, 
[y'strid-, of unc. kin.], 3. v. n., 
same senses as strideo. 

stridor, -oris, [ ^/strid (in strido) 
-f or], m., a harsh noise, a creak- 
ing, a grating, a clanking, a *roar, 
a whizzing, a buzzing, a humming: 
acuunt stridoribus iras {with 
noisy hum). 

stridulus, -a, -um, [fstrido- 
(whence strideo) -f lus], adj., 
grating, harsh sounding, whizzing, 

stringo, strinxi, strictum, strin- 
gere, [V stri g ( cf - vrpayyiCw)], 
3. v. a., (orig. sense unc, poss. 
squeeze), bind, compress. — Esp. of 
weapons, bare, draw, uizsheath. — 
Also, graze, wound slightly : mag- 
no strinxit de corpore Turni {cut 
away a bit) . — So, fig., touch (the 
heart) : ripas (of a river, wash, 
wear away) . — Also, strip, gather, 
trim, cut away. \ 

Strophades, -um, [Gr. 2Tpo0a5es], 
f. plur., two islands off the Ionian 
Sea south of Zacynthus. To these 
islands the sons of Boreas pursued 
the Harpies. 

structus, -a, -um, p.p. of struo. 

struo, struxi, structum, stru- 
ere, [-y/stru, remotely akin to 
sterno], 3. v. 2i.,pile, heap up. — 
Hence, build, erect, raise. — Also, 
dispose, arrange, prepare : penum 
{set forth) . — Esp. of war, draw 
out, array, — Fig., a?'range, plot, 
design, purpose, aim at, accom- 
plish. — With changed point of 
view, heap up with ; altaria do- 
nis {pile, had). 

Strymon, -onis, [Gr. ^rpv^cav], m., 
a river of Macedonia, near Thrace, 
famous for its cranes. 

Strymonius, -a, -um, [Gr. ^rpv- 
Ijlovlos'], adj., of the Strymon, Stry- 
monian. 

Strymonius, -i, [same word as pre- 
ceding], m., a Trojan. 

studium, -i, (-ii), [?, Vstud n 
studeo) + ium], n., zeal, eager- 



Vocabulary, 



263 



ness, diligence, care, earnestness, 
interest, desire, a favorite pursuit, 
a pursuit, a taste, fondness, curi- 
osity (desire to see), an employ- 
ment. — Also (in reference to some 
object), party spirit, favor, eitthti- 
siasm (for one side or the other), 
applause (expression of interest) : 
studia contraria {different par- 
ties) . 

stultus, -a, -urn, [y'stol (in sto- 
lidus, of una kin.) + tus], adj., 
foolish. — Masc. as subst., a sitii- 
pletoti, a blockhead. 

stupa, see stuppa. 

stupefacio, -feci, -factum, -fa- 
cere, [fstupe (akin to stupeo) 
-facio, cf. labefacio] , 3.V. a., stun, 
daze, stupefy, astonish, overwhelm 
(with surprise). 

stupefactus, -a, -um, p.p. of stu- 
pefacio. 

stupeo, -ul, no sup., -ere, [fstupo- 
( y'stup +us, akin to stipes, etc.), 
cf. o-Tinros, stupidus], 2. v. n., be 
amazed, be dazzled, be dazed, be 
thunder str tick, be astonished, be 
charmed, marvel, wonder, gaze 
with wonder: hie stupet attonitus 
rostris {is dazzled a?td amazed) ; 
stupet in Turno {look with amaze- 
ment tip on) . 

stupor, -oris, [ y/stup (in stupeo) 
+ or], m., amazement. — Also, 
dullness, deadness. 

stuppa (stup-), -ae, [Gr. o-rvTnrr)], 
f., tow, hemp. 

stuppeus, -a, -um, [fstuppa- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of tow, hemp- 
en : flamma {burning tow, used 
as a means of warfare). 

Stygius, -a, -um, [Gr. ^rvyios], 
adj., of the Styx, Stygian. — Also, 
of the Lower 'world, of Hades : 
Iuppiter, rex (Pluto) ; vi sopo- 
ratum Stygia {from the world 
below) . 

Styx, -ygis, [Gr. 2rri£], f., the 
river that surrounded the world 
below. — Less exactly, the world 
below, Hades. 

suadeo, suasi, sua sum, suadere, 



[fsuado- ( ^/suad + us, cf. male- 

suada), akin to 'q^ofxai], 2. v. n. 
and a., advise, counsel, persuade, 
invite, suggest, prompt, impel : tibi 
haec litora Delius {warned you 
to seek) . 

suadus, see malesuada. . 

suavis, -e, [ y/suad (in suadeo) -f- 
us, with added i, cf. in gravis, 
cf. Tjfivs, Sk. svadu], adj., sweet, 
fragrant. — Neut. as adv., sweetly. 

sub (old subs, cf. obs and sus- 
pendo), [mutilated case-form, cf. 
super, akin to xmo], prep, with 
abl., underneath, below, tinder, be- 
neath. — In various connections 
where the English conception is 
different, near (a high object), close 
to, just at, just behind, in (a low- 
er place or of light and night con- 
ceived as above) ; hence, during, 
on (a particular night), in (an 
army, under arms), under the pro- 
tection of, at (of the breast) : sub 
falsa proditione {under a false 
charge of treason)-, sub sole [in 
the sunlight, under the light of the 
sun) ; sub aruia {i?i arms, under 
arms). — With ace. in same senses, 
also to the position indicated, by 
the prep., tinder, beneath, down, 
towards, up to (up under), about : 
sub haec {upon this, in reply); 
sub ora {before the face, cf. " under 
the eves"); sub auras [to the 
light of day, up, forth) ; sub noc- 
tem {towards night). — In comp., 
as adv., under, «also up (cf. sub 
auras), in the place of (coining up 
to take a place), slightly (not the 
highest degree), by stealth, towards, 
after. 

subactus, -a, -um, p.p. of subigo. 

subditus, -a, -um, p.p. of subdo. 

subdo, -didi, -ditum, -dere, [sub- 
do, put], 3. v. a., put tifider, put 
beneath, thrust down, apply : sub- 
dita flamma {kindled in, pene- 
trating to) . 

subduco, -duxl, -ductum, du- 
cere, [sub-duco], 3. v. a., draw 
tip ; naves {beach, technical) . — 



264 



Vocabulary. 



Also, take from under, take away, 
withdraw, rescue. — Also, steal, 
deprive one 0/* (changing the con- 
struction). — Also (cf. sub) : sub- 
ducere se colles {slope down, draw 
themselves down) ; subducta unda 
{slipping from beneath) . 

subductus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
duco. 

subeo, -Ivl (-il), -itum, -ire, [sub- 
eo], irr. v. n. and a., go tinder, go 
beneath, take up, support, bear ; 
fig., undergo. — Also (lit. and fig.), 
come up, spring up, coiiie forth, 
succeed, take the place of, come af- 
ter, come next, follow, go near, go 
by, approach, enter, come to, come, 
come upon, come to one's aid: su- 
bibat nox {was climbing); niu- 
cronem {meet, fall upon) . — Fig., 
occur, come to one's mind, suggest 
itself: subit ira {the angry desire 
comes over &c, anger prompts &c.) . 
— subitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
{coming stealthily') , sudden, unex- 
pected. — Abl. subito, as adv., sud- 
denly, unexpectedly, of a sudden, 
all at once. 

siiber, -eris, [?], n., a cork-tree. — 
Less exactly, cork. 

subfero, see suffero. 

subicio (subiicio) , -ieci, -tectum, 
-iecere, [sub-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
under, place under, place beneath, 
put under ; — hence, set (of fire), 
kindle : caudam utero {hang his 
tail, of a dog) ; cui rubor ignem 
{spread like fire in her cheeks) . — 
Also, throw up : se alnus {spring 
up); corpora saltu in equos 
{spring upon) . — Also, throiv in : 
pauca furenti {throw in a few 
words amid her ravings). — sub- 
iectus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., lying 
beneath, — rising, shootittg up. — 
Masc. plur., subjects, the conquered. 

subiecto, -avi, -atum, -are, [sub- 
iacto, cf. subicio], 1. v. a., throw 
up, cast tip. 

subiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
icio^ 

subigo, -egl, -actum, -igerc,[sub- 



a g°]> 3- v - a -> {force up or under), 
impel, shove. — Also, subdue, bring 
under cultivation, till; — compel, 
force, constrain. — Esp. : in cote 
secures {sharpen, work down) : 
scrobes subactae {sunken, dug 
down) . 

subito, see subeo. 

subitus, -a, -um, p.p. of subeo. 

subiunctus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
iungo.^ 

subiungo,-iunxf, -iunctum,-iun- 
gere, [sub-iungo], 3. v. a., yoke. 
— Less exactly, attach ; — hence, 
adorn, furnish. — Also, subdue, 
control, subject. 

sublabor, -lapsus, -labi, [sub- 
labor], 3. v. dep., fall down, fall 
back, fail, deteriorate. — Also (cf. 
sub), glide stealthily, creep on, 
slip azvay (of time). 

sublapsus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
labor. 

sublatus, -a, -um, p.p. of suffero. 

sublego, -legi, -lectum, -legere, 
[sub-lego], 3. v. a., pick up by 
stealth, catch (secretly). 

sublevo, -avi, -atum, -are, [sub- 
levo], 1. v. a., raise up, lift up. 

subligo, -avi, -atum, -are, [sub- 
ligo], I. v. a., bind beneath, bind 
on, fit on (of a shield). 

sublime [abl. of sublimus, collat. 
with sublimis], adv., on high, 
aloft, borne aloft. 

subllmen [sub-limen], adv., read 
by many for sublime, sublimis, 
which see (Geor. i. 242). 

sublimis, -e, [sub-limis (akin to 
limen, wh. see)], adj., high, lofty. 
- — Esp., raised high, borne aloft, 
on high, mounted. — Fig., elate, 
exultant. — Often like most adjec- 
tives in^adv. sense. 

subluceo, no perf. no sup., -ere, 
[sub-luceo], 2. v. n., shine dimly, 
glimvier. 

sublustris, -e, [sub-lustris (unc. 
stem akin to lux + tris), cf. in- 
lustris], adj., dim, glimmering, 
dimly-lighted. 

submergo(summ-),-mersi,-mer- 



Vocabulary. 



265 



sum, -mergere," [sub-mergo], 

3. v. a., drown, overwhelm, sink : 
submersae puppes {foundered). 

submersus (suram-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of submerge. 

submissus (summ-),-a, -urn, p.p. 
of submitto. 

submitto (surnm-), -misi, -mis- 
sum, -mittere, [sub-mitto], 3. 
v. a., {send tender) , put under, let 
down : submissi petimus t err am 
{on our knees). — Fig., subdue, 
repress, subject: animos amori 
{sacrifice) . — Technical (in breed- 
ing), ^npw up, raise, keep. 

submotus (summ-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of submoveo. 

submoveo (summ-), -movi, -mo- 
tum, -movere, [sub-moveo], 2. 
v. a., raise tip, raise high. — Also, 
move away, remove, clear away : 
si quern tellus, etc. {keep afar) ; 
submota spelunca {hollowed out, 
with the inside cleared away). 

subnecto, -nexul, -nexum, -nec- 
tere, [sub-necto], 3. v. a., bind 
beneath, tie beneath, bind under, 
bind around, fasten, bind, confine ; 
mentum mitra crinemque sub- 
nexus {binding under his chin 
and confining his locks). 

subnexus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
necto. 

subnlxus, -a, -um, [sub-nixus], 
adj., supported by, resting on. 

suboles (sob-), -is, [sub-foles, cf. 
indoles], f., {succeeding genera- 
tion, in place of the old), a new 
race, a new stock, offspring, prog- 
eny, increase (of flocks), a stock, 
a breed, a child, an infant. 

subremigo (surr-), no perf., no 
sup., -are, [sub-remigo], i.v. n., 
rozv quietly along. 

subrideo (surr-), -risi, no sup., 
-ridere,[sub-rideo], 2.v. n., smile. 

subrigo (surr-), see surgo. 

subsidium, -i (-ii), [fsubsido-(or 
fsubsid)+ium, cf. praesidium], 
n., {sitting in reserve), a reserve. 
— Hence, reinforcement, a rein- 
force7nent, aid, assistance. 



subsido, -sedi, -sessum, -sidere, 

[sub-sido], 3. v. n. and a., sink 
dozvn, crouch down. — Of things, 
sink, settle : Teucri {be absorbed, 
be lost) ; Acestes galea {remain 
at the bottom). — Fig., subside, 
abate : undae. — Act., lie in wait 
for, waylay. 

subsisto, -stiti, no sup., -sistere, 
[sub-sisto], 3. v. a., stop behind, 
stay behind, stop, halt, stand still, 
resist, hold out, stand fast, stand 
in reserve : aper {stand at bay) ; 
Tibris {stay his course) . 

subsum, no perf., -esse, [sub-sum], 
irr. v. n., be under, be behind, un- 
derlie : suberunt vestigia frau- 
dis {there will remain some lurk- 
ing traces, &c.) ; subest solo 
natura {there is a secret power in 
the soil). 

subtemen, -inis, [subtex (as if 
root of subtexo) + men], n., the 
woof, the filling, thread. 

subter [sub + ter (cf. inter) ], adv., 
beneath, belozv, underneath. — Prep, 
(with ace. or abl.), under, beneath. 

subterlabor, -lapsus, -labi, (or 
separate), [subter-labor], 3. v. 
dep., glide beneath, flow under, fioza 
belozv.^ 

subtexo, -texul, -textum, -texe- 
re, [sub-texo], 3. v. a., zveave un- 
derneath. — With change of point 
of view, {underzueave) , line, cover 
with a veil, veil. 

subtraho, -traxi, -tractum, -tra- 
here, [sub-traho], 3. v. a., with- 
draw : subtrahitur solum {the 
sea flies behind them) . 

subulcus, -1, [akin to sus, cf. bu- 
bulcus], m., a szvineherd. 

suburgeo, no perf., no sup., -urge- 
re, [sub-urgeo], 2. v. a., force up 
to,force^ towards, drive close to. 

subvecto, -avi, -atum, -are, [sub- 
vecto, cf. subveho], i.v.a., carry 
up, bring up. — Less exactly, trans- 
port, ferry over (by a regular con- 
veyance). 

subvectus, -a, -um, p.p. of sub- 
veho. 



266 



Vocabulary. 



subveho, -vexi, -vectum, -ve- 
here, [sub-veho], 3. v. a., carry 

up, bring up. — Pass., be borne 
up, ride up, sail up : nox bigis 
subvecta {driving her two-horse 
chariot}* 

subvenio, -venl, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, [sub-venio], 4. v. 11., come 
to one's relief (cf. subsidium), 
aid, help) relieve. 

subvolvo, no perf., no sup., -vol- 
vere, [sub-volvo], 3. v. a., roll up. 

succedo, -cessi, -cessum, -ce- 
dere, [sub-cedo], 3. v. n. and a., 
go beneath) pass beneath) go down, 
come under, ejtter (beneath) . — 
Also, go under (a burden), take 
up) bear, draw (of a chariot drawn 
by a yoke). — Also, go up, come 
up) go aloft to, rise to : hue succe- 
dunt {go to the top of this). — Also, 
go to, come to, repair to, go into, 
approach, enter (into), reach. — 
Also, come up (instead of), take 
the place of, succeed {to), take up 
(in place of another), go instead 
of come in (after something else) : 
succedunt illi servant qui vices 
{come up) in place of the others) ; 
cura patrum cadere et succe- 
dere matrum {take its place) ; pro 
me hostili succedere dextrae 
{expose himself for me, &c). — 
Also, prosper, succeed. 

suecendo, -cendl, -censum, -cen- 
dere, [sub-fcando, cf.incendo], 
3. v. a., set 01^jire beneath. — Fig., 
fire, inflame. 

succensus, -a, -um, p.p. of sue- 
cendo. 

successus, -us, [sub-cessus, cf. 
incessus and succedo], m., ad- 
vancC) career. — Also, success. 

succido, -cidi, no sup., -cidere, 
[sub-cado], 3. v. n., fall down, 
sink) sink down. 

succido, -cidi, -clsum, -cidere, 
[sub-caedo], 3. v. a., cut beneath : 
succiso poplite {cutting the ham- 
strings, back of the knee) ; succi- 
Stts flos aratro {cut off at the root) . 



succinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of sue- 
cingo^ 

succingo, -cinxi, -cinctum, -cin- 
gere, [sub-cingo], 3. v. a., bind 
under, gird about. — Also of things 
put on by girding, clothe, surround, 
equip. — Poetically, of Scylla : suc- 
cinctalatrantibus monstris {girt 
about). 

succlsus, ja, -um, p.p. of succido. 

succumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 
-cumbere, [sub-cumbo], 3. v. n., 
fall under. — Fig., yield to, give 
way to.^ 

succurro, -curri, -cursum, -cur- 
rere, [sub-curro], 3. v. n., run 
to aid (cf. subsidium), come to 
the rescue of, go to save, rescue, 
save, help, relieve, succor. — Also, 
occur (to one's mind) : succurrit 
pulchrum mori in armis {the 
thought occurs to me, &c). 

Sucro, -onis, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

sucus (succus), -I, [^/suc (sug?) 
+ us, cf. sugo], m., juice, vital 
moisture, sap. — Less exactly, juice 
(as cause of flavor), flavor.- — Fig., 
strength) vigor. 

fsudis, -is, [?], f., a stake. 

sudo, -avi, -atum, -are, [y'sud 
(prob. through adj. -stem fsudo-), 
akin to l8os, i^pdos, Eng. sweat]) 
1. v. n. and a., sweat : aera (con- 
ceived as sweating) . — Less ex.- 
actly, distil, flow with, be wet with. 
— Also, exude from. — Fig., reek 
with : sanguine. 

sudor, -oris, [^/sud (in sudo) + 
or], m., sweat, perspiration. — 
Also, toil. 

sudus, -a, -um, [prob. se-udus], 
adj., dry, clear, fair : per sudum 
{in fair weather) . 

suesco, suevi, suetum, suescere, 
[fsue- (of sueo) + sco], 3. v. n. 
and a., be wont, be accustomed, be 
used. — suetus, -a, -um, p.p., 
accustomed, used, wont. 

suetus, -a, -um, p.p. of suesco. 

suffectus, -a, -um, p.p. of sufficio. 

sufFero, sustuli, sublatum, suf- 
ferre, [sub (subs) -fero], irr. v. a., 



Vocabulary. 



267 



bear up. — Fig., withstand, hold 
out, resist. — In other senses the 
perf. tenses and p.p. are referred 
to tollo, to which their simple 
forms belong. 

suflicio, -feci, -fectum, -ficere, 
[sub-facio], 3. v. a. and n., dip 
in, dye. — Also: suffectus san- 
guine et igne (suffused Szc, blood- 
shot and fiery} . — Also, substitute, 
produce in place of another, supply 
(one after another), choose (anew) : 
ipsae regem (of bees, choose kings 
in succession) . — Hence, supply 
(from time to time), yi^ld, afford, 
furnish, produce. — Intraafr., (sup- 
ply itself}, be sufficient, suffice, be 
adequate, hold out, be able. 

sufflo, -Ivi (-il), -Itum, -Ire, [sub- 
no, lost verb akin to fumus], 
4. v. a., fumigate. 

suflbdio, -f odl, -fossum, -fodere, 
[sub-fodio], 3. v. a., stab beneath, 
stab (from beneath) : sufFosso 
equo (some read sufFuso) . 

suflbssus, -a, -um, p.p. of suflbdio. 

suffundo, -f udl, -fusum, -fun- 
dere, [sub-fundo], 3. v. a., pour 
in or on (supply by pouring) . — 
Fig., spread over, diffuse. — suf- 
f usus, -a, -um, p.p. (cf. spargo), 
suffused, filled, overflowing. 

suffusus,-a, -um,p.p. of suiFundo. 

suggero (sub-), -gessl, -gestum, 
-gerere, [sub-gero], 3. v. a., place 
tinder, heap beneath. — Also, fur- 
nish (cf. sufficio), supply, supply 
one with (changing construction). 

sul, gen. (nom. wanting), [pron. 
-y/sva], reflex, pron. 3d pers., re- 
ferring to the subject, himself, her- 
self, itself, themselves ; — also re- 
ciprocal, one another, each other, 
one the other. — Often translated in 
Eng. by a pers. pron., unless con- 
nected immediately with a verb, 
him, her, it, them : silvas invol- 
vens secum (rolling in woods 
with it) ; Teucros ad sese voca- 
vit (calle t dto hint) ; inter se (with, 
ffrom, by, Szc, each other) . — Often 
lost in Eng. (the corresponding 



verb being intrans.), or absorbed 
in another phrase. — Often in 
subordinate clauses referring to 
the main subject, but it may also 
refer to the subordinate subject, 
whence it is sometimes ambiguous. 

— Often referring to an active 
agent not the grammatical subject. 

— Reduplicated, sese, without dif- 
ference of meaning. 

sulco, -avi,-atum,-are, [fsulco-], 
I . v. a., plough. — Poetically, plough 
(the sea). 

sulcus, -I, [akin to 6\kos, eA«:a>], 
m., a furrow. — Less exactly, a 
trench, a row (where the vines were 
originally planted in a furrow), a 
train (of a meteor) . — Also, of the 
path of a vessel, where the same 
figure maybe kept; — also, fig. of 
generation. 

Sulmo, -onis, [a town in Italy], 
m., a Rutulian. 

sulphur (sulf-), -uris, [?], n., sul- 
phur. 

sulphureus (sulf-),-a,-um, [f sul- 
phur + eus], adj., sulphurous. 

sum, ful, f uturus, esse, [ ^/es and 
^/bhu, cf. elfxi and (pvoo~], irr. v. n., 
be, exist, live. — Also, happen, take 
place, there is, &c: erunt altera 
bella ; forte fuit tumulus. — Esp., 
in perf. tenses, has been (is ?io 
more, is past) : sed fortuna fuit. 

— Less definitely, be (in a place) : 
hinc adeo media est via (just 
here is the middle of our way). — 
Esp. with indef. subj. followed by 
a relative, there are those who, &c. : 
semper erunt quarum mutari 
corpora malis. — So : est quod, 
there is reason why, one has reason 
to. — With dat., there is 'with one, 
there is on one's part, there is for 
one, one has. — Esp. : esto, be it so 
(expression of assent), what then. 

— Impers., it is possible, it is al- 
lowed, one can, oite may. — Fading 
away to a mere copula, be. — So 
with nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and 
phrases. — Esp., with gen., be, re- 

. quire, cost, belong to, be the part of, 



268 



Vocabulary. 



be the duty of. — With dat., be, cause, 
work, bring ; mox erat hoc ipsum 
exitio (was their destruction). — 
Also, in inf., by a Greek usage, to 
be, as; esse clederat monumen- 
tum sui. — fuat, old subjunctive 
instead of sit. — forein, etc., equiv- 
alent to essem. — fore, equivalent 
to futurus, etc., esse. — futurus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., future, com- 
ing. — -Neut., the future. 

summ-, in words compounded with 
sub, see subm-. 

summa, -ae, [f. of summus, see 
superus], f., the mai?z thing, the 
chief point, the conclusion of the 
whole, the main point : belli {the 
issue, the chief command) ; haec 
summa est {the substance of the 
whole) . 

summus, -a, -um, superl. of su- 
perus. 

sumo, sumpsi, sumptuni, su- 
mere, [sub-emo, take], 3. v. a., 
take, take tip, bear, put on, wear. 
— Fig., take on, assume, take up, 
adopt. — Esp. with words of pun- 
ishment (cf. poena), exact (the 
penalty), inflict, satisfy (the debt of 
vengeance due) : poenas inimico 
a sanguine sum.it (satisfy with, 
hostile blood the vengeance due, as if 
the blood were taken in payment) . 

sumptus, -a, -um, p.p. of sumo. 

suo, sui, siitum, suere, [V 811 * c f- 
Ka.(T<Tv(ti, Eng. sew~\, 3. v. a., sew, 
stitch, stitch together. — Neut. plur. 
of p.p., suta, -orum, a corslet, 
a breastplate (orig. made by stitch- 
ing). 

supellex, supellectilis, [probably 
super-flectis (akin to lego) and 
fsupellecti + lis], f., household 
furniture, furniture. — Also, im- 
plements (of farming), utensils. 

super [mutilated case-form of su- 
perus, cf. virep], adv. and prep. 
Adv., above, over, over all, tipojt 
or above (something expressed in 
the context), on the top. — Also, 
over and above, remaining, left, 
besides, further, furthermore, and 



then (in addition to something 
done). — Also, from above. — As if 
connected with verbs in half-com- 
position (sometimes considered as 
compounded and sometimes not). 

— Prep, (with ace), upon (oftener 
of motion to, real or conceived, 
cf. in), 011 the top of, above, over : 
quos super (over whose heads). 
- — Also, more than, besides, beyond : 
super omnia (above all, especial- 
ly) ; (with abb), on, upon (of 
rest). — Also, on (fig.)> concern- 
ing, about, for the sake of, for, iiz 
regard*to, as to. — Also : nocte 
sup£j, media (about). 

superadditus, see super. 

superaddo, see super. 

superadsto, -stitl, no sup., -stare, 
[super-adsto], 1. v. a., light upon. 

superbia, -ae, [fsuperbo- (re- 
duced) + i&], i., pride, arrogance, 
insolence, lawlessness, wantonness. 

superbus, -a, -um, [super (as 
stem) -f- bus, cf. morbus and t/7rep- 
$ios\, adj., overweening, overbear- 
ing, proud, haughty, arrogant, in- 
solent, wanton, lawless : gentes 
(fierce, lawless) ; nece spoliisque 
superbus (exultant, flushed) ; 
bello superbus (as much as fero- 
cious, unrestrained by the rights of 
others). — Also, of things connect- 
ed with persons, as in Eng. : verba. 
(arrogant) ; vox (insolent, taunt- 
ing) ; fastidia ; iussa ; animi ; 
bellum (as much as unprovoked) ; 
rates. — Transferred, of things to 
be proud of, proud, sple7idid, mag- 
nificent, superb, glorious, noble, 
high, lofty, stately : genus ; con- 
iugium (high alliance) ; postes. 
The last two divisions constantly 
run into each other, as is the case 
with all transfer-red adjectives, cf. 
auro spoliisque postes; fores 
superbae (the doors of the noble, 
and at the same time noble doors). 

— Also, in a good sense, protid, 
lofty, high-minded : anima Bruti. 

— Of a horse : superbi gressus 
(proud, high-stepping) . 



Vocabulary, 



269 



supercilium, -1 (-il), [super-fci- 
lium {over the eyelids)~\, n., the 
eyebrow. — Transferred, a brozv (of 
a hill). 

super emineo, no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [super-emineo], 2. v. a., 
tower above, rise above. 

superiacio, -iecl, -iectum, -iace- 
re, [super-iacio], 3. v. a., throw 
over. — By change of point of view, 
cover: scopulos unda {drench). 

superimmineo, no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [super-immineo], 2. v. n., 
overhang, stand high above : pas- 
torem ense sequens {lean threat- 
eningly over) . 

superimpono, see super. 

superinicio, see super. 

superintono, no perf., no sup., 
-are, [super-intono, but see su- 
per], 1. v. n., rattle above : ingens 
elipeum {fall crashing above, of 
a falling warrior). The passage, 
Mxi. ix. 709, is sometimes other- 
wise explained. 

superne [abl. of supernus, cf. in- 
ferne], adv., from above, above, 
in tlie world above (on earth) . 

supero, -avi, -atum, -are, [fsu- 
pero-], I. v. a. and n. Intrans., 
rise above, be above, go over. — Fig., 
surpass, be lofty, be elated : supe- 
raiis animis; superante forma. 
— Also, be over and above, be left, 
be left alone, remain, survive, be 
safe, be spared: quo n on carior 
alter {no one alive is more dear, 
&c). — Hence, abound, be in ex- 
cess, be abundant: gregibus in- 
ventus {is exuberant) ; fetus. — 
Act., rise above, ascend, go over, 
pass b:yond, pass : limen {cross) ; 
Gyan {pass by); saltu viam 
{bound over). — Fig., overcome, 
conquer, vanquish, prevail over, 
prevail upon, surmount, over- 
power, outvie. — Absolutely (with 
obj. implied), gai?i the mastery, 
win (of a race) ; — hence, with 
cogn. ace, gain, win : locum pri- 
orem. 

superstes, -itis, [super-fstes^sta 



+ tis, reduced)], adj., standing by. 

— Also (cf. super), surviving, 
alive, a stirvivor. 

superstitio, -onis, [super-statio, 
cf. supersto, a standing by, cf. 
superstes (first meaning)], f., 
superstition, dread. — Transferred, 
an object of dread. 

supersto, no perf., no sup., -stare, 
[super-sto], 1. v. n. and a., stand 
over. 

supersum, -f ul, -esse, (also sepa- 
rate), [super- sum], irr. v. n., {be 
over and above), remain, survive, 
still remain, be left, last, continue ; 

— hence, suffice, be sufficient. — 
Also, abound, be in excess : sem- 
per tibi erunt {there will be 
enough, you will have enough) ; 
superest deducere terram {the 
earth is still to be, &c). — Esp. : 
quod superest, zvhat alone re- 
mains, as to the rest (so much for 
that, now, &c), further mo re, now. 

superus, -a, -um, [fsupo- (wh. 
sub, cf. viro) + rus, cf. inferus], 
adj. (mostly plur.), being above, 
upper, above, on high, high : regna 
(of heaven, opposed to earth); 
orae {the tipper world, opposed to 
the earth beneath); caelicolum 
rex {high) ; convexa {the concave 
skies). — Masc. plur. as subst., the 
gods above (opposed to inferi), 
Heaven, the zvorld above, ??ien on 
earth (opposed to Hades) . — Neut. 
plur. as subst., the zvorld above, 
the heavens, the sky, Heaven. — 
Compar. superior, -oris. — Superl. 
supremus, -a, -um, [unc. form 
of fsupero+mus, cf. extremus], 
highest, very high, lofty, noble. — 
Also, last, extreme, last degree of, 
supreme : salus {last hope of safe- 
ty)-, macies; lumen {fading); 
ad supremum {to the end). — 
Neut. plur. as subst., the last offices, 
the last sad rites, fttneral rites. — 
Neut. sing, as subst., the last ti?ne, 
for the last time : supremum con- 
gemnit {groaned his last). — sum- 
mus, -a, -um, [sub (sup)-rmus, 



270 



Vocabulary. 



cf. imus], highest, the top of, up- 
permost, topmost, the highest part 
of, upper, the surface of, the end of, 
the head of, the tip of, the edge of, 
outmost, outer, high, lofty : fasti- 
gia rerum {principal points, but 
the Latin keeps the figure, salient 
points)-, summa tempora {the 
forehead) — Fig., highest, supreme, 
most important, chief, main, ut- 
most, greatest, extreme : summa 
res (cf. summa, the main strug- 
gle, the welfare of the state, the 
issue of a conflict) ; summae res 
(inome7itous, the highest interests, 
the welfare) ; dies {final, supre?ne 
moment). — Neut. sing, and plur., 
the top, the summit. 

supervenio, -venl, -ventum, -ve- 
nire, [super- venio], 4. v. n., come 
upon, comeup,arrive,happen upon. 

supervolito, -avi, no sup., -are, 
[super-volito], 1. v. a. and n.,fiy 
over,fiit^about. 

supervolo, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[super-volo], 1. v. a. and n., fly 
over. 

supinatus, -a, -um, p.p. of supino. 

supino, -avi, -atum, -are, [f su- 
pino-], I. v. a., bend back, lay 
on the back : supinatae glebae 
{turned up, laid over, in plough- 
ing). 

suplnus, -a, -um, [fsupo- (wh. 
sub and super, lengthened) + 
nus], adj., laid on the back, face 
uppermost. — Esp. of the hands, 
upturned (in supplication) , suppli- 
ant. — Also, sloping (as if bent 
back) . 

suppleo, -plevi, -pletum, -plere, 
[sub-pleo], 2. v. a., supply (from 
time to time, cf. sub), fill up, 
make good. 

supplex, -plicis, [sub-plex, cf. 
duplex], adj., {kneeling), sup- 
pliant, as a suppliant, entreating, 
07t one's knees {fig.) r in supplica- 
tion, in suppliant guise. — Of 
things, as in Eng. — Often as a 
subst., a suppliant. 
suppliciter [fsupplic- (as if -plici-) 



+ ter, prob. n. of -terus (reduced), 
cf. uter], adv., as a suppliant, in 
suppliant guise. 

supplicium, -1 (-11), [fsupplic + 
ium], n., {a kneeling), supplica- 
tion. — Also, punishment. — Less 
exactly, a penalty (like poena) : 
dira tegens supplicia {traces of 
punishment, wounds). 

suppono, -posul, -positum (-pos- 
tum) , ponere, [ sub-pono] , 3-v.a., 
place beneath, put under, set (of 
fire placed under), apply (of a 
sickle cutting below the head) : 
cultros {apply to the throat, the 
head of the victim being drawn 
down). — Also (cf. sub), place 
secretly, substitute : mater sup- 
posita {spurious). 

suppositus, -a, -um, p.p. of sup- 
pono. 

suppostus, -a, -um ; see suppono. 

supra [prob. abl. of superus, cf. 
extra], adv. and prep. Adv., 
above, over, on the upper side, over 
it {him, them, &c.) : vertice supra 
est {is higher, taller). — Prep., 
above, over. — Fig., beyond, superior 
to, contrary to : morem ; modum; 
omnia {above everything). 

supremus, -a, -um ; see superus. 

sura, -ae, [?], f., the calf of the leg, 
the ankle, the leg. 

surculus, -I, [?], m., a shoot, a 
sprout, a scion ; nee surculus idem 
Crustumiis Syriisque {shoots = 
mode of growth). 

surdus, -a, -um, [ y'sur {heavy ?, 
cf. Sk. svaras) -f dus], adj., deaf: 
surdis non cauimus auris (pro- 
verbial) . 

surgo (rarely subrigo, surr-), 
subrexi, subrectum, surgere, 
[sub-rego], 3. v. a. and n. Act., 
raise, erect. — Intrans., raise one's 
self, rise, arise (in most English 
senses). — Of heavenly bodies. — 
Of growth or increase or coming 
into being, of the winds, of rivers, 
of sounds, of tall objects, of waves, 
of excitement: animo sententia 
{occur to) ; limina gradibus 



Vocabulary. 



271 



{stand high)) oleaster {spring 
up); in dies Tisiphone {come 
forth) ; surgens in cornua cer- 
vus {with towering horns) ; irae 
ductori {be aroused). 

sus, suis, [prob. ^/su, produce, 
strengthened, as stem, cf. vs, Eng. 
sow, swine], comm., a swine, a 
boar, a sow, a pig. 

susceptus, -a, -um, p.p. of sus- 
cipio^ 

suscipio (succ-), -cepl, -ceptum, 
-cipere,[subs-eapio], 3. v. a., take 
tip, raise up, catch. — Esp., bear, 
beget. — Fig., begin, take up. 

suscito, -avi, -atum, -are, [subs- 
cito], i.v. a., shake up, stir tip. — 
Less exactly and fig., rouse, stir, 
provoke, awake, instigate, urge, 
kindle, inflame : caedem (?nake 
havoc) ; poenas (reawakens ven- 
geance quieted by lapse of time). 

suspectus, -a, -um, p.p. of sus- 
picio. 

suspectus, -us, [subs-spectus, cf. 
suspicio], m., a look upward, 
height (measured by the eye look- 
ing up), distance (upward). 

suspendo, -pendl,-pensum,-pen- 
dere, [subs-pendo], 3. v. a., hang 
up, hang, suspend : votas vestes 
(as a votive offering after any 
great danger) ; arma (as an offer- 
ing) ; ceras {fasten tip, of bees 
building from above). — Less ex- 
actly, raise, lift: sulco (of the 
earth, plough). — suspensus, -a, 
-um, p.p., hung up, suspended, 
floating (of Camilla), perched up- 
on, hung in air. — Fig., anxious, 
in suspense, in alarm : multo 
suspensum numine (awed) . 

suspensus, -a, -um, p.p. of sus- 
pendo. 

suspicio, -spexi, -spectum, -spi- 
cere, [subs-specio], 3. v. a. and 
n., look tip at, look up, look (at. 
anything high) . — Less exactly, 
gaze at, behold, see, notice, observe. 
— suspectus, -a, -um, p.p. as 
adj., suspected, an object of sus- 
picion, distrusted, in suspicion. 



suspiro, -avi, -atum, -are, [sub- 

spiro], 1. v. n., sigh. 

sustentatus, -a, -um, p.p. of sus- 
tento^ 

sustento, -avi, -atum, -are, [subs- 
ten tus, cf. sustineo], 1. v. a., hold 
up, support : sustentata diu (of 
a ship on a rock, kept afloat, kept 
above the waves) ; aciem (hold the 
line, -maintain the fight) . — Also, 
hold out against, keep in check. — 
Fig., support, sustain, keep up. 

sustineo, -tinui, -tentum, -ti- 
nere, [subs-teneo], 2. v. a. and 
n., hold up, support, bear up, bear, 
carry, hold. — Also, withstand, 
keep in check, keep off, hold out, 
bear a shock. — Also, support, sus- 
tain, feed. 

sustuli, see tollo. 

susurro, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[fsusurro-], 1. v. n., hum, buzz, 
mtirmur. 

susurrus, -1, [redupl. root (perh. 
from the sound) + us], m., a ivhis- 
per, a murmur. 

siita, -orum ; see suo. 

sutilis, -e, [fsuto- (of sutus) + 
lis], adj., sewn, sewed: cymba 
(patched, either of hides or papy- 
rus, ba rk canoe?); balteus (leather, 
stitched) . 

sutus, -a, -um, p.p. of suo. 

suus, -a, -um, [pron. ^/sva + yas 
(or -us), cf. eos], poss. pron. (of 
3d pers. reflex.), his, her, its, their. 
— Often emphatic, his oivn, &c. — 
Masc. plur., his &c. friends, fol- 
lowers, comp anions, fe llow-citizens, 
men, race, &c. — Neut., his &c. 
affairs, property, interests, &c. — 
Also (not necessarily referring to 
subject), one's owit, favoring, pro- 
pitious, favorable, suitable, appro- 
priate, fitting. — With quisque 
(best rendered by a change of 
construction), every man's, each 
one's: trahit sua quemque vo- 
luptas (each one's &c. draws 
him). 

Sybaris, -is, [Gr. Zvfiapis], m., a 
Trojan. 



2*]2 



Vocabulary. 



Symaethius, -a, -um, [fSymae- 
tho- (reduced) -f ius, cf. 'Zvfj.aiOos^, 
adj., of the Symcethus (a river at 
the east end of Sicily), Symcethian. 

Syracosius, -a, -um, [Gr. ^vpatco- 
<jios~], adj., Syracusan, of Syracuse 
(the chief city of Sicily). 

Syrius, -a, -um, [Gr. 2uptos], adj., 
of Syria (the country at the east- 
ern end of the Mediterranean, used 
loosely for all that region), Syrian, 
Assyrian. From this region came 



many fruits, spices, and fragrant 
herbs and gums. 
Syrtis, -is, [Gr. ^Zvpris], f., Maior 
(Gulf of Sidra) and Minor {Gulf 
of Cades), the name of two shal- 
low bays on the northern coast of 
Libya, held to be most dangerous 
for mariners, prob. on account of 
violent seas in shallow waters as 
well as of shifting sands. — Plur., 
the Syrtes, used loosely of the sand- 
banks and bars of all that region. 



T. 



tabeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, [ftabi 
(or -e, in tabes)], 2. v. n., waste 
azvay, melt away : tabentes artus 
(dripping, as if melting away) ; ta- 
bentes genae (wasted, with care). 

tabes, -is, .[p r °D* -y/ta (cf. rrjKoo) 
+ bes (or -bis), cf. plebes], f., 
a wasting, pining. 

tabidus, -a, -um, [ftabi- (in ta- 
bes, cf. tabeo) + dus], adj., 
wasting. 

tabula, -ae, [unc. stem (wh. also 
taberna) + la (f. of -lus)], f., a 
plank, a board. 

tabularius, -a, -um, [ftabulari- 
(tabula-f ris)+us], adj., (of rec- 
ords, tabula) . — Neut. as subst., 
archives, record office, registry. 

tabulatus, -a, -um, [f tabula + 
tus, cf. armatus], adj., boarded, 
floored. — Neut. as subst., a floor, 
a story, an upper story: iuncturas 
tabulata dabant (as one story 
was built upon another) . — Also, 
of trees, a row, a tier, a layer. 

tabum, -I, [ta + bum (n. of -bus), 
cf. tabes], n., ??iatter, moisture 
(of putrefaction), gore. — Also, pu- 
trefaction, corruption : ora tristi 
pallida tabo ; infecit pabula 
tabo. 

Taburnus, -I, [?],m., a mountain 
between Samnium and Campania, 
south of the Caudine pass. The 
southern slope of it was famous for 
its fertility, and the mountain was 
one of the great pasture-grounds. 



taceo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [prob. adj.- 
stem ftaco- of uncertain kin.], 
2. v. n. and a., be silent, keep si- 
lence. — Of things, be silent, be 
noiseless, be still. — Act., pass in 
silence, leave unsung : tacitam se 
prodit {without any words). — 
tacitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., 
silent. — Often transferred, silent : 
lumina (silent glance). — Often 
equal to adv., silently. — Of things, 
still, noiseless, quiet, silent : Amy- 
clae (deserted). — Also, secret, 
unseen, unnoticed. — per taciturn, 
in silence, quietly. 

tacitus, -a, -um, p.p. of taceo. 

tactus, -us, [ -y/tsig (in tango) + 
tus], m., a touch, contact : absti- 
nuit tactu (refused to touch, the 
gates in the context). 

tactus, -a, -um, p.p. of tango, 

taeda, -ae, [?], f., a pine tree. — 
Less exactly, pine wood, a pine 
torch, a torch. — Poetically (from 
the use of torches at weddings), 
marriage. 

taedet, -uit, (taesum, pertaesum 
est),taedere, [?], 2.v.impers., it 
wearies, it disgusts, one is weary 
(disgusted), one loathes. — With 
the object of the feeling in the 
genitive or an inf. clause. 

taedium, -1 (-if), [ftaedo-^ (wh. 
taedet and taedulus) + ium], 
n., weariness, disgtist. 

Taenarius, -a, -um, [Gr. Taivapios], 
adj., of Tanarus (a promontory 



Vocabulary. 



273 



at the southern extremity of Laco- 
nia, with a cave fabled to be an 
entrance to the world below). — 
Hence, cf Hades. 

-taenia, -ae, [Gr. Tcupia], f., a rib- 
bon, a fillet : taenia vittae {the 
band of the fillet, the material of 
the ornament). 

taeter (te-), -tra, -trum, [perh. 
akin to taedet], adj., foul, loath- 
some, disgusting. 

taetricus, -a, -urn, [ftaetro+cus], 
adj., (repulsive), harsh, forbid- 
ding. See also tetrica. 

Tagus, -I, [a river of Lusitania], m., 
a Latin hero. 

talaris, -e, [ftalo- (reduced) + 
aris], adj., of the heel. — Xeut. 
plur., the talaria, the winged san- 
dals of Mercury. 

talenturn, -1, [Gr. rd\avrov], n., 
a talent, a Greek weight varying 
from about sixty to about one hun- 
dred pounds. Used indefinitely 
for masses and quantities, as in 
Eng. " tons," weight, mass. 

talis, -e, [pron. ^/ta (cf. tarn, to) 
+ alis], pron. adj., such (with 
correlative as), in such guise, so 
(equal to an adv.) . — Often (with- 
out correlative), of what follows 
or goes before, such, like this, this 
{that, these, &c). — Esp. in neat, 
plur. talia, like this, -words like 
these, such words as these, such 
things as these, such as this, thus, 
in such wise : tali ore loeutus 
{these words) . — Or, as is indicated 
by the context, such, this {these, 
&c), like this, in this guise.- — Esp. 
with emphasis, such as this &c, so 
great, so important, thus or so (with 
adj. to be supplied from the con- 
text) : non Achilles talis in 
hoste fait {not thus cruel, as 
you) ; nunquam animam talem 
amittes {so mean a life as yours). 

Talos, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

talpa, -ae, [?], f. and m., a mole. 

talus, -1, [?], m., the ankle-bone, 
the ankle. 

tarn [unc. case-form of pron. ^/ta, 



cf. nam], adv., so, so much (with 
correl. as), as (demonstrative), as 
much, to such a degree. — Without 
correl., so (as is indicated by the 
context, cf. talis) . — With com- 
paratives (and superlatives in same 
sense), the . . . the. — Esp.: tarn 
. . . quam, as well . . . as, no less 
. . . than. — Often with an adj. 
where in Eng. such is used to mod- 
ify the whole idea : tarn dira cu- 
pido {such dread desire). 

tamen [unc. form. fr. pron. -^ta], 
adv. (opposed to a concession), 
yet, still, however, nevertheless, 
' none the less, after all, just as well. 
Often the concession is only im- 
plied in the context. 

Tanager, -grl, [?], m., a river of 
Lucania, in a grazing region. 

Tanais, -is, [Gr. Tava.is'], m. : 1. A 
river of Scythia {the Don) ; 2. A 
Trojan in JEneas' expedition. 

tandem [tam-dem, cf. idem], adv. 
(orig. sense unc), at length, at 
last, finally. — With interrogative 
and imperative clauses indicating 
impatience, pray, I pray, tell me : 
hue tandem concede (/ entreat) . 

tango, tetigi, tactum, tang are, 
[y'tag, cf. reray6v~\, 3. v. a., touch, 
take hold of reach, attain : dex- 
tram {grasp) ; cubile eri {share 
the couch). — Hence, have to do 
with, be involved in. — Fig., move, 
touch, affect, come home to one. — 
tactus, -a, -um, p.p., touched. — 
Esp. : de caelo, struck by lightning. 

tanquam (tarn-), [tarn -quam], 
adv., as much as. — With si, just 
as if. — Also, without si, just as if, 
as if — Often with irony, as if for- 
sooth. 

tantus, -a, -um, [for tavantus, 
pron. ^ta + vant (cf. -osus) + 
us], pron. adj., so great, so much, • 
such (in size, &c, with correl. as), 
^(demonstrative) great, suchgreat. 
— Often without correl., so great 
(as is indicated by the context, cf. 
talis), so much, such, like this, this 
great, that great: tantae molis 



274 



Vocabulary. 



erat (so much as appears in the 
context) . — Also, introducing a 
clause almost causal, so great, &c. 
(that it accounts for the preceding 
statement) : obstupuere animi 
tantorum terga bourn rigebant 
(they were thunderstruck, and the 
hides of such huge, &c, as those 
they saw, accounted for their amaze- 
ment) . — tanto, abl., with com- 
paratives and the like, so much the 
more . . . {as), {the more) . . . the 
more. — tanti, gen., with sum, 
it is worth the price, it is worth 
while. — tantum, ace. as adv., so 
much, in such a degree, as much 
. . . {as), no more . . . {than), thus 
far, so long ; — also, so much (and 
no more), only, merely. — With 
modo, doubling the words without 
change of sense. — Neut. as^ubst., 
so much, &c. ; — with partitive gen., 
so much {of, as adj. in Eng.), so 
great (and similar expressions of 
degree according to the context). 

tapete, -is, (ace. plur. tapetas, abl. 
tapetis),[Gr. refon/s], n.(andm.), 
hangings, coverings, drapery. — 
Also, housijzgs (of horses). 

Tarchetius, -I, [?],.m.,a Rutulian. 

Tarclio (-on), -ontis (-onis), [an 
Etruscan word], m., an Etrurian 
ally of ^Eneas. 

tardatus, -a, -um, p.p. of tardo. 

tarde [abl. of tardus], adv., slowly: 
crescens {slow-growing) . 

tardo, -avi,-atum, -are, [ftardo-], 
I. v. a., retard, keep back, impede, 
hamper, embarrass, enfeeble, dull, 
make sluggish. — tar dans, -antis, 
p. as ad]., sluggish (creeping slow) : 
senectus. 

tardus, -a, -um, [perh. akin to 
traho], adj., stow, sluggish, tardy, 
slow-moving, lazy, inactive, dull, 
impeded, lingering, late. 

Tarentum, -I,[Gr. Tdpas corrupted], 
n., a city of Apulia at the north- 
east corner of the great gulf which 
indents the southern extremity of 
Italy. Its territory was one of the 
most fertile districts of Italy. 



Tarpeius, -a, -um, [fTarpa + ius, 
of unc. kin.], adj., a Roman gen- 
tile name, in some unknown man- 
ner connected with the rock of the 
Capitol. — arx, the Capitol of 
Rome. — sedes, the Tarpeian rock. 

— Fern. Tarpeia : • i. The maiden 
who betrayed the Capitol to the 
Sabines; 2. The name given by 
Virgil to an attendant of Camilla. 

Tarquinius, -a, -um, [Etruscan 
word (akin to Tarchon) Latin- 
ized], adj., a Roman gentile name. 

— Esp., Tarquinius Superbus, Tar- 
quin, the last king of Rome. — 
Plur., the Tar quins, the dynasty 
who were supposed to have come 
from Tarquinii, and reigned many 
years at Rome. Also as adj., Tar- 
quinian. 

Tarquitus, -I, [akin to Tarqui- 
nius], m., a Latin hero, slain by 
^Eneas. 

Tartareus, -a, -um, [Gr. Taprd- 
peios^\, adj., of Tartarus, Tartare- 
an, infernal, hellish (as in Eng.). 

Tartarus, -1, (plur. -a, -orum), 
[Gr. Tdprapos, -a], m. (n.), (a deep 
abyss below the infernal world) . — 
Hence, Tartarus, the abode of 
the damned, the lower world (gen- 
erally) . 

Tatius, -I (-ii), [an adj. of unc. kin. 
(tata?)],m., Titus Tatius, a king 
of the Sabines, with whom Romu- 
lus was supposed to have shared 
his kingdom. 

taureus, -a, -um, [ftauro- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of a bull : 
terga {bulls'' hides). 

taurlnus, -a, -um, [ftauro- (re- 
duced) + inus], adj., of a bull: 
. vultus {bulVs face) . — Less ex- 
actly, of bulls hide, leather n. 

taurus, -1, [prob. for staurus, cf. 
ravpos, Eng. steer"], m., a bull. — 
Also, a bulVs hide. — Also, the 
Bull, Taurus (the constellation). 

taxus, -I, [?], f., a yew tree, a yew. 

Taygete, -es, [Gr. Tavyerrj], f., one 
of the Pleiades (used for the con- 
stellation). 



Vocabulary. 



275 



Taygetus, -I, also -a, -orum, [Gr. 
Tauyeroz/], m. and n., a mountain- 
range of Laconia, noted for its 
hunting-grounds and its baccha- 
nalian festivities. 

tectum, see tego. 

teetus, -a, -um, p.p. of tego. 

tecum, see ta. 

Tegeaeus(-eus), -a, -um, [borrowed 
or imitated fr. Gr. Teyea (as if Te- 
7ecuos)], adj., of Tegea (a town of 
Arcadia). — Less exactly, Arcadi- 
an. — Masc. (perh. adj.), god of 
Arcadia (epithet of Pan, whose fa- 
vorite haunts were in that country) . 

f egmen(tegu-, tegi-) , -inis, [ ^/teg 
(in tego) + men], n., a covering, 
a garb, clothing, a defence (means 
of defence), a protection, ar?nor, 
a shield. — Also, shade, a skin 
(used as clothing). 

tego, text, tectum, tegere, [ -^teg, 
akin to creyco'], 3. v. a., cover, con- 
ceal, protect, shelter, surround; - — 
esp. of escort, surround {attend'). 
— Also, clothe, defend, deck, adorn, 
veil (for sacred purposes) . — Also, 
plant, sow, bury (the dead), close 
(the eyes), shut one's self in. — 
Fig., cover, hide, conceal. — tee- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p., covered, con- 
cealed, hidden, protected, decked, 
caparisoned, keeping silence, dis- 
simulating (in mid. sense, conceal- 
i?ig one's self) . — Xeut. (sing, and 
plur.), a roof, a ceiling, a house, a 
hall, an abode, a home (of men or 
beasts), a palace, a hidi7ig-place, 
battle?nents (the top of a wall) : 
acies {covered column, the tes- 
tudo). 

tegumen, see tegmen. 

tela, -ae, [prob. ^/tex (in texo) + 
la], f., a web (in the loom), the 
warp (perh. the orig. sense), weav- 
ing (cf. " the loom "), <z loo?n: tela 
curas solabar aniles {the loom) . 

Teleboae, -arum, [Gr. T^ejSocu], 
m. plur., some islands on the Leu- 
cadian coast, whence the settlers 
of Capri were supposed to have 
come. 



tellus, -uris, [?], f., the earth. — 
Esp., the soil, land, the ground, 
earth (as material). — Personified, 
Earth. — Also, a land, a region, 
a country. 

Telon, -onis(?), [?], m., a hero of 
Capri, father of CEbalus. 

telum, -1, [?], n., a weapon (mis- 
sile), a missile, a javelin, a dart, 
an arrow, a shaft. — Less exactly, 
a weapon (of any kind, the cestus, 
the bea?ti of Ulysses with which he 
bored out the Cyclops' eye) . 

temeratus, -a, -um, p.p. of temero. 

temere [abl. of ftemero, wh. te- 
mero], adv., heedlessly, carelessly, 
at random, in confusion, without 
thought, without design, without 
reason. — non (haud) temere, 
not withotit a meaning, no acci- 
de7it.^ 

temero, -avi, -atum, -are, [fte- 
mero-], I. v. a., {treat as of no 
consequence ?), profane, pollute, 
desecrate. 

temno, perf. and sup. not found, 
temnere, [y'tem, cut, cf. r^voi], 
3. v. a., despise, scorn, defy, treat 
with contempt, be disdainful : pars 
belli haud temnenda {710 despic- 
able, no iiisignificant) . 

temo, -onis, [perh. akin to telum], 
m., a pole (of a chariot, &c), the 
beam (of a plough). 

Tempe, indecl., [Gr. n. plur. T 6^71-77], 
n. plur., a valley in Thessaly, fa- 
mous for its beauty. — Less ex- 
actly, a charming valley. 

tempero , -avi, -atum, -are, [ ft em- 
per- (of tempus, in orig. sense 
of portion)^, I. v. a. and n., mix 
(in due proportion). — Hence, 
qualify, temper (change or dilute 
by mixing) : aera vesper {cool); 
scatebris arentia arva {refresh, 
reduce the parching heat) ; aequor 
{calm) ; — so : iras {appease) . — 
Also (act in due proportion), re- 
strain one's self, refrain, spare : 
male sibi unda carinis {hardly 
stiff er the ships to live, keep its 
hands off them) . 



276 



Vocabulary. 



tempestas, -atis, [ftempos- (of 
tempus, prob. as adj.) + tas], f., 
a space of time, a season. — Less 
exactly, the weather, weather (at 
a particular moment), state of the 
weather. — Esp., bad weather, a 
storm, a tempest, a gate. — Fig. 
(as in Eng.), storm, tetnpest, blast, 
shower, hail ; — also, where the fig. 
is not used in Eng., calamity, mis- 
fortune. 
tempestivus, -a, -um,[ftempest6- 
(cf. intempestus) + ivus, cf. 
captus, captivus], adj., season- 
able; timely, in its season. 
templum, -1, [prob. f temo- ( ^/tem, 
cf. rijjivj) + US)-)- lum, cf. reixevjs'], 
n., (in augury) a consecrated spot 
(marked off by the augur's wand), 
a quarter (of the sky), a space. 
— From consecration, a temple, a 
tomb (as a temple of the manes). 
temptamentum (tenta-), -I, 
[ftempta- (of teinpto) -f men- 
turn], n., an attempt, a solicitation. 
teinpto, -avl, -atum, -are, [ftento- 
(of p.p. of tendo)], 1. v. a., try 
(the strength of,' lit. and fig.)j <*l- 
tack, assail, disturb, trouble, injure: 
pabala fetas ; oves scabies ; pe- 
des (of wine, trip up) ; — attempt, 
try (a thing experimentally), ven- 
ture on, tempt, solicit, search, ex- 
amine {try to see) : praelia (Jry 
the issue of) ; auxilium {seek) ; 
ae{try one's powers)-, temptantum 
" ora {those who try it); vestes 
{try on, try te wear) ; animum 
precando {try, test) . — Hence, use, 
employ, practise : patrias artes. — 
With inf., try, endeavor, attempt. 
temp us, -oris, [ y^tem (cf. re/uLi/co) 
-f us], n., {a .sectioji), a time, a 
point of time, a?i interval, a season 
(of the year), a period, a moment, 
time (as continuous). — Esp., the 
time (the right time), the best time, 
time (with esse), high time, an 
occasion (as fitting), an opportu- 
nity. — Also, the times, circum- 
stances, state (of affairs), an ex- 
igency, an occasion : pro tempore 



{for the occasion, according to 
one's circumstances). — Also, {the 
right spot, cf. templum, the fatal 
spot, usually plur.), the te tuple, the 
temples ; — the face, the head. 

tenax, -acis, [^/ten'+ax, cf. ca- 
pax],adj., tenacious, clingijig (to 
something) , greedy, grasping: vin- 
cla {confining) ; Fama ficti {per- 
sistent in) . — Also, holding together, 
clinging (together), sticky, firm : 
flos {persistent, not dropping off). 

tendo, tetendl, tentum (ten- 
sum), tendere, [^/tend, further 
formation of ^/ten (in teneo)], 
3. v. a., stretch, stretch out, extend* 
hold out, offer : bracchia hue il- 
luc ; dextram ; munera ; caelo 
manus cum voce {stretched out 
his hands and raised his voice)-, 
ramos {spread) ; ilia {strain) ; 
— intrans., extend. — Esp., spread 
(a tent), encamp. — Also, distend, 
strain, fill (of sails), hold tight, 
draw in (of reins), bend (a bow) : 
ubera ; vela ; retinacula ; vim 
et vincula capto {hold fast the 
captive with, &c). — Also, aim, 
aim at, direct; spicula cornu {fit, 
aim) ; quo tendant ferrum. — 
With gressus iter, etc., (or in- 
trans. without), make one's way, 
hold one's course, turn one's steps, 
make headway, proceed, advance, 
come, go, lead (of a path) : contra' 
{reply) . — Hence, with inf., intend, 
strive, struggle. 

tenet) rae, -arum, [?], f. plur., 
darkness, night, gloom. — Esp., the 
Shades, the dim shades, the zvorld 
below. 

tenebrosus, -a, -um, [ftenebra- 
(reduced) -f osus], adj., dark, 
darkened, dim, gloomy. 

Tenedos, -1, [Gr. TeVeSoj], f., an 
island in the /Egean, off the Troad. 

tene5, tenul, tentum, tenere, 
[^/ten- (in tendo)], 2. v. a. and 
n., hold, hold (in the hand), carry, 
bear, cling to, grasp ; tela {bear 
arms, as in Eng.); arbos poma 
{bear); tenenti similis {as if he 



Vocabulary. 



277 



had him in his grasp) ; in media 
morte tenetur (is in the very grasp 
of death) . — Hence, occupy, inhabit, 
possess ; hold possession of, control, 
hold bound, guard, rule, have, be 
in (a place), Jill (merely being 
there), reach (and so, hold) : al- 
tum (be on) ; polum (cove?-) ; 
auros (sail through) ; prima 
(hold the first place) ; metum 
(gain)-, muros (reach)-, peste 
teneri (be overcome). — Fig., pos- 
sess (of a passion, Sue), Jill: vo- 
luptas silvas. — Also, hold (fast), 
maintain, retain, keep, remem- 
ber : se rupes (hold fast) ; vesti- 
gia (keep one' s feet, plant firmly) ; 
morem hunc sacrorum. — Also, 
hold (back), bind, detain, delay, 
hold (bound), confine, restrain, 
keep in, keep out, surround (with 
siege), encompass: nox lunam 
in nube (hide) ; quo te cunque 
lacus fonte. — Fig., detain, en- 
tice, allure, attract. — So (in any 
position), keep (this way or that), 
direct, turn : immota lumina ; 
intenti ora (held their faces in 
eager attentio?i) ; veteris Dei se 
more tenens (living, &c). — Also, 
of a course, keep, hold': iter; fu- 
gam (pitrsue one } s flight) ; medi- 
um iter. — Absolutely (with im- 
plied object) : tenent Danai qua 
deficit ignis (possess whatever, 
&c). 

tener, -era, -erum, [ftene (^/ten 
with stem-vowel) + rus], adj., deli- 
cate, tender, soft, frail, plastic : 
orbs mundi (fluid, plastic, not 
yet hardened); umor (permeat- 
ing), young, youthful, tender, deli- 
cate (from youth). — Masc. plur., 
the young, young shoots : a teneris 
(from the earliest age). 

tenor, -oris, [y'ten (in teneo) + 
or], m., a course (cf. tenere iter, 
etc.), a character. 

tento, see tempto. 

tentorium, -1 (-ii), [ftento- (p.p. 
of tendo, reduced) + orium, n. 
of adj.], n., (place of tents), a tent. 



tenuis, -e, l^Jten (in tendo, te- 
neo) + us, cf. gravis and Sk. 

tames'], adj., thin (of texture or 
consistency), fine, delicate, slen- 
der, fragile, light, airy, substance- 
less, yielding, sliallow (of a burrow), 
narroiu, slight, light (of soil), per- 
meating, subtle, heady (of wine): 
aurum (thread of) ; spiramenta 
(fine, minute). — Fig., humble, 
feeble, slight, tinimportant, popr : 
in tenui labor (in a trifling 
matter). 

tenuo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ ftenui-] , 
I. v. a., make thin, waste aivay, 
cause to waste away, reduce. 

tenus [^/ten (in teneo) + us, n. 
ace], prep., as far as, up to. 

tepefacio, -feci, -factum, -face- 
re, [stem akin to tepeo-facio], 
cf. calefacio], 3. v. a., warm, heat 
(moderately). — tepefactus, -a, 
-um, p.p., warmed, heated : terra 
(reeking) ; hasta (steeped) . 

tepefactus, -a, -um, p.p. of tepe- 
facio. 

tepeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, [ y'tep 
(akin to Sk. v / ^ a P' ^ urfl )> prob. 
through adj.-stem ftepo-, cf. te- 
pidus], 2. v. n., be warm : caede 
humus (reek). 

tepesco, tepui, no sup., tepeseere, 
[ftepe- (of tepeo)], 3. v. n., be- 
come warm : ferrum in pulmone 
(be steeped). 

tepidus, -a, -um, [as if (or really) 
ftepd- (wh, tepeo) + dus], adj., 
warm, heated, simmering, reek- 
ing, still warm (of a body), not 
yet cold. 

ter [petrified form of tres], adv., three 
times, thrice. — There was often a 
superstition connected with this 
number. — ter centum, thrice a 
hundred, three hundred. — terque 
quaterque, thrice and again, in- 
definitely for three or four times. 
— terque quaterque beati, thrice 
and four times blest (of degree). 

terebinttius, -1, [Gr. repefiipOos'], 
{., a turpentine tree, turpentine 
wood. 



278 



Vocabulary. 



terebro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fte- 
rebra-], i. v. a., bore, bore into, 
bore out. 

teres, -etis, [ftere- (of tero) + tis 
(reduced) ], adj., smooth and round 
(cylindrical), round, smooth, well 
rounded: habena (well rolled?, 
well twisted 1, not left flat, but 
worked into a round cord like a 
shoe-string) . 

Tereus, -el, (ace. -ea), [Gr.T^peus], 
m. : i. A king of Thrace whose 
wife Progne along with her sister 
Philomela served up his son Itys at 
his table. All three were changed 
into birds ; 2. A Trojan. 

tergeminus, see trigeminus. 

tergeo, tersi, tersum, tergere 
(also -o, -ere), [?], 2. (3.) v. a., 
clean, polish. 

tergum, -1, [yiierg.-f urn, poss. 
akin to tergeo, orig. hide?'], n., 
the back (of men and animals) : 
terga resolvit (body, of Cerberus) . 
— Less exactly, a ridge (of a fur- 
row), a furrow?, the side (of a tree, 
as if it faced the south), the upper 
part of the body (of a serpent). — 
Also (see above), a hide, esp. a 
bull's hide, hence a shield, a layer 
(of a shield no longer made of 
hide), — a tergo, from behind, in 
the rear, behind. — in tergum, 
backward. 

tergus, -oris, [^/terg(cf. tergum) 
-f us], n. (rarely), the back (only 
of animals) . — Also (cf. tergum), 
a hide. 

termino, -avi, -atum, -are, [fter- 
mino-], 1 . -v. a., fix bounds to, limit. 

terminus, -I, [^A er ( m trans) + 
minus, cf. -fxevos], m., a bound, a 
limit. — Fig., a fixed bound, a des- 
tined end. 

ternus, -a, -um, usually plur., [ftri 
+ nus], adj., threefold, three at a 
time, three each. — Less exactly, 
three. — Regularly : terna arma, 
three sets of arms ; terna hiberna, 
three winters. 

tero,trlvl, tritum, terere, [ ^/ter, 
cf. reipco (for repyco)], 3. v. a., rub> 



crush, wear, chafe, wear smooth 
(by constant use) : iter (-wear a 
path, of the ant) ; calcem calce 
Diores (tread on the heels) ; labo- 
re manum (callous, chafe) . — Esp., 
thresh, press (of olives). — Also, 
polish, turn. — Also, wear away 
(of time), waste, pass : otia (zuaste 
the time in idleness). — In pass, by 
a change of idiom, rub against : 
alvo balteus (lit., is rubbed by). 

terra, -ae, [prob. for tersa, ^tors 
(in torreo) + a, cf. repoco, Eng. 
thirst], f., dry laitd (as opposed 
to sea), the earth, the land. — Also, 
the earth (in all relations), land, 
soil, the ground : semina terra- 
rum (earth, as an element). — 
Personified, Earth. — Also, a land, 
a country. — terra marique, by 
land and sea ; orbis terrarum, 
the circle (according to earlier no- 
tions) of the lands, the whole world, 
the world. 

terrenus, -a, -um, [fterra- (with 
unc. change of stem) + nus], adj., 
earthy, of earth : artus (of earthy 
materials) . 

terreo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [?, prob. 
fr. adj. -stem], 2. v. a., frighten, 
alarm, affright, scare, terrify ; — 
frighten away, scare away; — 
drive in terror, hunt, pursue :. me 
patris imago (haunt)\ terruit 
Auster euntes (equal to deter, 
though the orig. hg. is kept) ; frus- 
tra terrebere nimbis (needlessly 
fear). 

terreus, -a, -um, [fterra- (reduced) 
-f eus], adj., of earth. — Also, earth- 
born? (according to a doubtful 
reading) . 

terribilis, -e, [as if (or really) fter- 
ro- (wb. terreo) + bilis], adj., 
causing terror, dreadful, dread, 
terrible. 

terrifico, no perf., no sup., -are, 
[f terrified-], 1. v. a., frighten, 
alarm, terrify. 

terrificus, -a, -um, [fterro- (wh. 
terreo) -ficus (V^ ac + us, cf. 
magnificus)], adj., azve-inspir- 



Vocabulary. 



279 



ing, terrible, dread, dreadful, 
frigJitful. 

territo, no perf., no sup., -are,[fter- 
rito- (cf. terreo)], i.v.a., alarm, 
frighten, affright: quos bello 
(equal to pursue, me?iace). 

territus, -a, -urn, p.p. of terreo. 

terror, -oris, [y'ter (in terreo) + 
or], m., terror, alarm; — also in 
pi., alarm, terror, tei'rors, alarms, 
. signs of terror. — Concretely, a 
terror, a dreadful sight (omen, 
event, &c). 

tertius, -a, -um, [fterto- (ftri + 
tus reduced, cf. rpiros) + ius], 
adj., third. 

tessera, -ae, [Gr. t£g crapes Latin- 
ized], f., a square (cf. quadra). 
— Esp., a square- tablet on which 
the- watchword was inscribed and 
passed through the ranks, a watch- 
ward. 

testa, -ae, [^tors (in torreo) + 
ta (f. of tus)], f. (perh. subst. 
omitted), baked clay, a tile, pot- 
sherds. — Also, a piece of pottery 
(a jar, a lamp). 

testatus, -a, -um, p.p. of testor. 

testis, -is, [?, but cf. antistes and 
superstes], comm., a witness (of 
an action, a vow, a promise, &c). 

testor, -atus, -arl, [ftesti- (of 
testis)], 1. v. dep., call to witness, 
swear by, protest before : deos et 
sidera. — Also, declare (calling 
something to witness), swear, pro- 
test, bear witness, assert, assever- 
ate ; — -give warning (approve by 
testimony a course of conduct), 
exhort, bear witness to a thing, tes- 
tify to (as a souvenir) , be a witness 
of — Also, entreat (calling some- 
thing to witness) : accipe testor. 

testudo, -inis, [ftestu- (akin to 
testa) + do], f., a tortoise (so 
called from its resemblance to a 
pot-lid, testu) . — Less exactly, 
tortoise-shell. — From its supposed 
origin, a lyre, "shell." — Also, the 
testudo, a column of attack in 
which the shields were overlapped 
like shingles, forming a continuous 



roof like the plates of the tor- 
toise. 

tete, see tu. 

teter, see taeter, the better spelling. 

Tethys, -yos, [Gr. TtjGus], f., a sea- 
goddess, the nurse of Juno and 
wife of Oceanus. She was held to 
be the most ancient of the sea di- 
vinities and mother of all waters. 

Tetrica (Tae-), -ae, [?, perh. ftae- 
tro + ca], {., a mountain or cliff 
in the Sabine territory. 

Teucer (-cms), -cri, [Gr. TevKpos 
Latinized], m. : 1. A son of Tela- 
mon king of Salamis, and half- 
brother of Ajax. He fled from 
home because he came back with- 
out his brother, and settled in Crete, 
founding a new Salamis; 2. A son 
of Scamander (said by some tradi- 
tions to be a Cretan) and the nymph 
Idsea. 'He' figures as the great 
founder of the Trojan line through 
his daughter Batea, who married 
Dardanus. Their genealogy ac- 
cording to received traditions : 

Scamander Id.ea 

I I 

? (Jupiter) ?(Electra) 



* Teucer 
I 
Batea 



J 



Dardanus 



Ilus 



Erichthonius 

Trqs 

I 



I 
Ilus Assaracus 

Laomedon Capys 

I I 

Priam Anchises 

Teucria, -ae,[f. of adj.fr. fTeucro-], 
f., the land of Teucer, the Trojan 
land, Troy. 

Teucrus, -a, -um, [same word as 
Teucer, deck as adj.], jidj., Tro- 
jan. — Plur., Teucri, -drum, the 
Trojans. 

Teuthras, -antis, [Gr. Tevdpas'], 
m., a Trojan. 

Teutonicus, -a, -um, [fTeutono 
+ cus], adj., of the Teutones (a tribe 
of Germany) . — Less exactly, Ger- 



28o 



Vocabulaiy. 



texo, texul, textum, texere, 

[^/tex (.akin to t<ektoov)~\, 3. v. a., 
weave, plait. — Less exactly (perh. 
poetic, perh. in earlier sense), build, 
frame. — Poetic : fugas et prae- 
lia (of dolphins, weave a tangled 
web in flight and conflict) . — tex- 
tum, -I, p.p. neut., a fabric. 

textilis, -is, [ftexto- (of p.p. of 
texo) + ilis], adj., woven, of wo- 
ven stuffs. 

textus, -a, -vim, p.p. of texo. . 

Thaemon, -ontis, [ ?], m., a Trojan. 

thalamus, -I, [Gr. fliAauos], m., a 
chamber, a room. — Poetic, of bees, 
a cell. — Esp., a chamber (for sleep- 
ing) . — Fig., marriage, wedlock. 

Thalia, -ae, [Gr. 0'iXeta], f. : 1. One 
of the Muses, regularly assigned 
to comedy ; 2. A sea-nymph. 

Thamyrus (-is), -1, [?], m., a Tro- 
jan. 

Thapsus, -I, [Gr. ©ctyos], f., a city 
on a promontory of the same name, 
on the eastern coast of Sicily. 

Thasius, -a, -um, [Gr. Oiaios], 
adj., of Thasos (an island off the 
coast of Thrace, famous for its 
wine), T ha si an. 

Thaumantias, -antis, [Gr. ®av- 
jj.avTLa.s'], f. adj., daughter of Thau- 
mas, Iris. 

Theano, -us, [Gr. <deav£],f., a Tro- 
jan woman. 

theatrum, -I, [Gr. Oiarpov], n., a 
theatre (proper) . — Less exactly, 
a place for games, a theatre. 

Thebae, -arum, [Gr...05}j8at], f., 
Thebes, a famous city of Bceotia. 

Thebanus, -a, -um, [fTheba-f- 
nus], adj.: 1. Of Thebes (in Bce- 
otia), Theban ; 2. Also, of Thebe 
(a city in Mysia, whence came 
Andromache). 

Themilla, -ae, [?], f., a Trojan 
warrior. 

Thermodon, -ontis, [Gr. Oepjaca- 
Scvy'], m., a river of Pontus, famous 
as being in the region of the Ama- 
zons. 

Theron, -onis, [Gr. (diQp&S], m., a 
Latin. 



Thersilochus, -1, [Gr. 0ep<n'Aox°*]> 
m., the name of two different Tro- 
jans in Hades. 

thesaurus (thens-), -1, [Gr. Qrjaav- 
pos~], m., a hoard, a treasure. — 
Also, a storehouse, a treasure- 
house. — Poetic, of a hive. 

Theseus, -el (-eos), [Gr. Qrjcrevs'], 
m., a king of Athens, slayer of the 
Minotaur. Lie assisted Pirithous 
in carrying off Proserpine from the 
infernal regions, for which impiety 
he was forced to sit upon a rock 
forever. He was honored as a 
special divinity by the Athenians, 
and is sometimes treated as the 
founder of their race. 

Thesides,-ae,[Gr.077o-ex5i7sJ,m.,^w 
(descendant) of Theseus. — Poetic, 
in plur., Athenians, sons of Theseus. 

Thessandrus, -1, [Greek], m., a 
Greek hero. 

Thestylis, -is, [Gr. Oeo-ruAfc], f., a 
rustic woman, wife or slave of a 
shepherd. 

Thetis, -idis, [Gr. Qetls'], f., a sea- 
nymph, one of the Nereids, mother 
of Achilles by Peleus. — Also (cf. 
Ceres)', the sea. 

thiasus, -1, [Gr. Oiaaos~], m., the thi- 
asus, a festive dance in honor of 
Bacchus. 

Thoas, -antis, [Gr. 0oas], m. : 1. A 
Greek in the wooden horse; 2. A 
Trojan. 

tholus, -1, [Gr. 06\os], m., a dome. 
— Esp., a sacred dome, in a temple 
where gifts were hung up. 

thorax, -acis, [Gr. OwpaQ, f., a 
breastplate, a corselet. 

Thraca (Thrae-), -as,[Gr. Qpatcn'], 
f. (of adj., cf. Thrax), Thrace. 

Thracius (Thrae-), -a, -um, [Gr. 
Opi -aos], adj., Thracian, of Thrace. 

Thr5x(Thraex), -acis,[Gr. %>££], 
m., a Thracian. 

Tareicias, -a, -um, [Gr. QpTjiicios], 
adj . , of Th ra ce, Th racia 11. — Fern . 
plur., the Thracian women, the 
women of Thrace. 

Tlireissa, -ae, [Gr. QpaLo-aa, f. adj.], 
f ., a Thracian (woman), Thracian, 



Vocabulary, 



281 



Thronius, -1, [?],m., a Trojan. 

Thule (-yle), -es, [Gr. %ov\t\\ f., 
a supposed island at the north- 
eastern extremity of Europe, be- 
yond Britain, discovered by the 
navigator Pytheas. Its position is 
doubtful. 

thureus, see tureus. 

thurieremus, see turi-. 

thurifer, see turi-. 

thus, see tus. 

Thybrfnus, see Tiberinus. 

Thybris (Ty-), -is, [?], m. : I. A 
hero in the Trojan ranks ; 2. See 
Tiber is. 

Thyias (Thyas),-adis,[Gr. Ouwfe], 
f., a Baccha7ite, a Mccnad, one of 
the women who joined in the fren- 
zied rites of Bacchus. They are 
often represented in works of art. 

Thymber, -brl, [?], m., a Rutulian 
(Ribbeck). 

Tliymbra, -ae, [Gr. Ov/j..8p~)~], f., a 
city near Troy famous for its tem- 
ple of Apollo. 

thymbra, -ae, [Gr. ®6fippa~\, f., a 
fragrant herb, savory '( ?), {Satureia 
thymbra) . 

Thymbraeus, -a, -um, [Gr. ©u/j.- 
Ppcuos~], adj.> of Thymbra, Thym- 
brcean. — Masc. as subst. : I. The 
god of Thy mbr a (Apollo) ; 2. Name 
of a Trojan. 

Thymbris, -is, [Gr. name of the 
Tiber], m., a Trojan. 

Thymoetes, -ae, [Gr. Qvjuoittis'], 
m., a Trojan at the siege of Troy. 
— Also one in iEneas' expedition. 

thymum (-us), -1, [Gr. Bv^ov'], n., 
thyme (a fragrant herb whose blos- 
soms are loved by bees). 

Thyrsis, -idis, [Gr. 0yp<rfs], m., a 
shepherd. 

thyrsus, -1, [Gr. dvpcrSs], m., a 
plant-s'alk. — Esp., the thyrsus 
(prob. originally a stalk), or wand 
of Bacchus, wreathed with ivy and 
vine leaves or other plants, and 
borne in the festival rites of the 
god. 

tiara (-as), -ae, [Gr. ridpa. (-as)], 
f. (or m.), a regal cap (a head- 



dress used by Eastern nations), a 
head-dress (equal to mitra, wh. 
see). 
Tiberinus (Tibr-,Thy-), -a, -um, 

[Tiberi+ nus], adj., of the Tiber. 
— Masc. as subst., 7 iber (the river- 
god) . — the Tiber (half personified). 
Tiberis (Tibr-, Thy), -is (-idis), 

[?], m. : 1. The Tiber, the great 
river of Rome ; 2. The ancient 
Italian hero from whom the river 
was supposed to have been named. 

tibia, -ae, [?], f., the leg-bone. — 
Also, a pipe, the special instrument 
of shepherds, and in its larger forms 
of frenzied religious worship. It was . 
blown at the end (the flute form 
being rare), and often two of dif- 
ferent pitch were put together and 
blown at the same time. 

TIbur, -uris, [?], n., an old and fa- 
mous town of Latium on the Anio % 
twenty miles north-east of Rome, 
situated on a rocky hiil. It long 
defended itself against the Roman 
power. 

Tlburtus, -I, [fTibur + tus], m., 
one of the mythic founders of Ti- 
bur, to which he was supposed to 
have given its name. (Now Tivoli y 
still famous for its waterfall.) 

Tiburs, -urtis, [fTibur + tis, cf. 
Quiris], adj., of Tiber. — Masc. 
plur., the inhabitants of Tiber, the 
Tiburtines. 

tignum, -1, [unc. root + num, cf. 
magnus], n., a beam, a rafter. 

tigris, -is (-idis), [Gr. riypis~\, m. 
and f., a tiger, a tigress. — Also, 
the Tiger, a name of a ship. 

Tigris, -idis (-is), [Gr. Tiypis~], m., 
the river in Asia flowing between 
Mesopotamia and Assyria, and 
joining with the Euphrates in the 
Persian Gulf. 

tilia, -ae, [?], f., the linden, the 
lime (corresponding to the Ameri- 
can basswood). 

Timavus, -I, [?], m., a river be- 
tween Istria and Venetia, flowing 
from seven rocky sources (between 
Aquileia and Trieste), makes a short 



282 



Vocabulary. 



course as a wide river into the 
Adriatic. 

timeo, -111, no sup., -ere, [as if 
ftimo (cf. tiinidus)], 2. v. a. and 
n., fear, dread. — Intransitive, be 
alarmed, be in fear. — Also, show 
one's fear. — timens, -entis, p. as 
adj., fearful, alar??ied, in one's fear, 
in fear. 

timidus, -a, -um, [ftimo (wh. 
timeo) +dus], adj., fearful, timid, 
frightened. 

timor, -oris, [ ^/tim (in timeo) + 
ox~\,va.,fear, dread, alarm.— Per- 
sonified, Fear. 

tinea, -ae, [?], f., a worm (moth 
or tfie like).^ 

tingo (tinguo), tinxi, tinctum, 
tingere,[yting, cf. reyya'], 3-v.a., 
wet, dip (in water), bathe, plunge. 
— Also, of the wetting substance, 
wash, bathe. 

tinnitus, -us, [ftinni- (stem of 
tinnio) + tus], m., a rattling 
noise, a ring, a jingle. 

Tiphys, -yos, [Gr. Tupvs'], m., the 
pilot of the Argo. 

Tirynthius, -a, -um, [Gr. Tipvv- 
6los~\, adj., of Tiryns, an ancient 
town of Argolis, where Hercules 
was educated. — Masc. as subst, 
Hercules. 

TIsiphone, -es, [Gr. Tictz^oVt?], f., 
one of the Furies. 

Titan, -anis, [Gr. Tirav], m., a name 
of the sun-god as in some way con- 
founded with the Titans. See Ti- 
tanius. 

TItanius, -a, -um, [Gr. Tirdvios'], 
adj., of the Titans (a mysterious 
race of giants, sons of Heaven and 
Earth, who warred against Zeus), 
Titanian. One of the Titans was 
Hyperion, the father of the Sun 
and the Moon according to the 
confused myths, and these latter 
are called Titans also. 

Tithonius, -a, -um, [fTithond + 
ius], adj., of Tithonus. 

TIthonus, -1, [Gr. Ti9oov6s'], m., a 
son of Laomedon who married 
Aurora and became the father of 



Memnon. He was changed into 
a locust (cicada) at his wife's re- 
quest, since endowed with immor- 
tality he had not received eternal 
youth. 

titubatus, -a, -um, p.p. of titubo. 

titubo, -avf, -atum, -are, [?], 
I. v. n. and a., stumble, reel, totter. 
— titubatus, -a, -um, p.p. in 
act. sense, stumbling, tottering. 

Tityrus, -1, [Gr. Tirvpos, Dor. form 
of 2ari»/)os], m., a shepherd's name 
in bucolic poetry. 

Tityus (-os), -I, [Gr. Tirvts], m., a 
giant of Eubcea who offered vio- 
lence to Latona (or to Diana). 
He was punished in Tartarus, 
stretched out on the ground and 
having his liver torn by vultures. 

Tmarius, -a, -um, [fTmaro+ius], 
adj., of Tmaros (see following 
word). — Also, of Epirus. 

Tmarus, -1, [Gr. To/uapos (Tyuapos), 
a mountain in Epirus], m., a Ru- 
tulian. 

Tmollus, -a, -um, [fTmolo+ius], 
adj., Tmolian, of Tmolus. — Masc. 
as subst., Tmolian wine (half per- 
sonified). 

Tmolus, -i, [Gr. T/mcoXos'], m., a 
mountain in Lydia famous for its 
wines. 

tofus (toph-), -1, [?], m., tufa. 

togatus, -a, -um, [f toga + tus, cf. 
armatus], adj., clad in the toga, 
of the toga (wearing it). 

tolerabilis, -e, [ftolera- (of to- 
lero) -fbilis], adj., tolerable, en- 
durable : non (unendurable). 

tolero, -avl, -atum, -are, [ftoler- 
(^/tol, in tollo, + us), cf. onus, 
onero], 1. v. a., bear, support. — 
Fig., endure : vitam {sustain, get 
a subsistence). 

tollo, sustuli, sublatum, tol- 
lere, [y'tol, perf. and sup. borr. 
fr. suffero, see fero], 3. v. a., 
lift, raise (in all Eng. senses) : 
aulaea (draw up, but closing in- 
stead of opening the scene) ; sax- 
um (take up) ; me humo (raise 
up) ; bracchia (put up) ; rates 



Vocabulary. 



283 



(Jake up to launch) ; caeli sidera 
{bear up, of Atlas) ; in astra ne- 
potes {raise to heaven, as gods); 
fluctus (throw up, stir tip) ; un- 
dam de flumine (dip up, take 
up) ; sublato pectore (with lofty 
neck)-, sublatus ensis {uplifted 
sword). — ^Yith reflexive or in 
passive, raise one^s self rise, spring 
tip, go up : se ab solio ; se adrec- 
tum; nimbus arenae tollitur; 
quae se tollunt (spring up, of 
trees) ; — so, fig. : se clamor (go 
up, arise, see below) . — Also, fig., 
raise (and the like) : vocem {send 
up, send forth) ; clamores ; gemi- 
tum {utter) ; sublata rebus se- 
cundis {elated, puffed up); vos 
in tantum spe (raise your hopes 
so high, be inspired with so much 
hope) ; animos (encourage, exalt, 
cheer, revive, be inspirited) ; prae- 
lia venti {stir up) ; ad astra 
Daphnim {extol, immortalize) ; 
tollent animos sata ; minas (of 
a snake, rise menaci?2gly). — Also 
(where raise is not used in Eng.), 
take up and carry away, take 
away, carry off, bear away, bear 
. off, remove, put away, put an end 
to, extirpate, destroy, cease, for- 
bear : tollite me Teucri ; dona ; 
certamina ; sive est virtus et 
gloria tollat {carry it off, have 
it) ; de caespite silvam ; minas ; 
sublatis dolis {without longer 
concealment). — In a special sense, 
take up (of a new-born child), 
hence, rear, bring up. 

Tolumnius, -1 (-il), [?], m., an 
augur of the Rutuli. 

tondeo, totondl, tonsum, ton- 
dere, [?], 2. v. a., shear (of the 
thing sheared and the product), 
clip, crop, trim, strip, pluck : 
bracchia (for oars). — Esp., mow, 
reap. — Of animals, crop, browse, 
graze on, feed on : campum equi ; 
iecur (of vultures) . — tonsus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., trimmed, mown, 
cropped, clipped, sheared, shorn ; 
tonsae valles {grazing valley s)- y 



tonsa oliva (olive leaves, stripped 
off) ; — so : tonsa corona (leafy 
garland). — Fem. as subst., an 
oar (cf. tondere bracchia). 

tonitrus, -us, [ftoni- (weaker stem 
of tono) + trus, cf. Quinqua- 
trus], m., thunder, a clap of 
thunder. 

tono, tonul, tonitum, tonare, 
[?], 1. v. n., thunder. — Of other 
noises as in Eng. : eloquio (of an 
orator) ; antra Aetnaea ; axis 
(of a chariot) ; tonat ter centum 
Deos {calls with loud voice upon, 
thunders the names of, cogn. ace). 

tonsus, -a, -um, p.p. of tondeo. 

tophus, see tofus. 

tormentum, -I, [ ^/torqu + men- 
turn], n., an etigine (for hurling mis- 
siles by means of a twisted rope). 
— Also, torture, pain, torment. 

tornus, -1, [Gr. 7opvos~\, m., a lathe : 
facilis {chisel, transferring, to ren- 
der facilis) . 

torpeo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [ftorpo- 
(cf. torpidus) of unc. kin.], 2.v.n., 
be be?nt?nbed, be stiff. — Fig., be 
sluggish, be enfeebled, be inactive, 
be idle. 

torpor, -oris, [y'torp- (in torpeo) 
+ or], m., torpor, 7iumbness, pa- 
ralysis. 

Torquatus, -1, [f torqui + tus (cf. 
armatus)], m., the name of Titus 
Manlius Torquatus, given him for 
slaying a Gaul in single combat. 

torqueo, torsi, tortum, torque - 
re, [^/torqu, akin to TpeVw], 
2. v. a., whirl, twist, twirl, turn 
(with some violence or haste), 
bend : ter fluctus (of a ship, spin 
around) ; amenta {wind up, of 
the thong of a javelin) ; verbera 
fundae {twirl around the head to 
throw) ; axem umero {whirl, of 
Atlas) ; tegumen leonis {fling 
around, as a robe) ; undam {in 
a whirling eddy) ; or a {distort, 
pucker). — From the spinning mo- 
tion of a dart (cf. amenta above), 
hurl, throw, fling, roll (of a river) : 
tres Notus in saxa (of ships); 



284 



Vocabulary. 



aquosam hiemem (fling down, 
let fly). — Simply, turn (but with 
a poetic conception) : currus (al- 
most equals twist) ; vi portam 
(wrench around) ; cornua (haul 
around) ; vestigia ; — so, fig. : 
lumina ; oculos ; aciem. — Poeti- 
cally, rule, sway, control : sidera 
mundi (almost lit.) ; caelum et 
terras ; bella. — tortus, -a, -um, 
pp. as adj., twisted, bent, twined : 
cucumis (crooked) ; imber (prob. 
hail)\ orbes (winding) ; angues 
(writhing); quercus(# garland) ; 
vortex (whirling). 

torques (-is), -is, [^/torqu+es 
(-is)], m. and f., a necklace (twist- 
ed round the neck), a collar. — 
Also, a collar (for cattle). — Also, 
a wreath, a festoon. 

torrens, see torreo. 

torreo, torrul, tostum, torrere, 
[ftorro- ( y'ors+us, cf. terra and 
torridus)], 2. v. a., roast, parch 
(lit. and fig.). — torreus, -entis, 
p. as adj. (from fire or boiling 
water), boiling, roaring, raging. 
As subst., a torrent. 

torridus, -a, -um, [ftorro- (wh. 
torreo) +dus], adj., burning, hot, 
fiery. 

torris, -is, [^/tors (cf. torreo) -f 
is], m., a firebrand. — Also, a stake 
(burnt at the end for a weapon). 

tortilis, -e, [ftorto- (p.p.. of tor- 
queo) -f lis], adj., twisted, encir- 
rling (twisted around). 

tortus, -a, -um, p.p. of torqueo. 

tortus, -us, [ ^/torqu (in torqueo) 
+ tus], m., a coil, a writhing coil 
(of a snake). . 

torus, -I, [ ?, Vstar (in sterno) + 
us], m., a bulge; plur., the muscles 
(esp. of the neck) ; the neck, a 
cushion, a bed (perh. orig. sense), 
a couch (for sitting, reclining at 
meals, or laying out the dead) . — 
Fig., of natural lying-places : viri- 
dans (green couch of turf ) ; ripa- 
rum (grassy couches) ; arma toro 
requirit (equal to chamber, where 
the arms were hung over the bed) . 



torvus, -a, -um, [ ytor (cf. tere- 
bro)+vus, cf. ropos'], adj., (pierc- 
ing only of the expression), pierc- 
ing (oi eyes), grim, savage, frown- 
ing, wild-eyed, glaring. — Neut. 
as adv. : torvum clamat (wildly, 
coupled with torquens aciem); 
torva tuens (fiercely). 

tostus, -a, -um, p.p. of torreo. 

tot [for toti, • pron. ^/ta -f ti, cf . 
quot], indecl. adj., so many, as 
many (demonstrative), these many, 
those many. 

totidem [toti + dem, cf. idem], 
indecl. adj., just so many, just as 
many, as many, the same number, 
a like number. 

totiens (-es), [toti as stem (re- 
duced)-!- iens, cf. noviens], adv., 
so many times, as (cf. tot) many 
times, so often, as (cf. tot) often. 

totus, -a, -um, [?], adj., the whole 
of (a. thing collectively, cf. omnis, 
all, every), all, the whole, entire. 
— Often (like all adjs. of quantity, 
order, and degree) equal to an 
adv., entirely, completely, wholly, 
all over, all. 

trabalis, -is, [ftrabi- (of trabs, 
reduced) + alis], adj., of a beam. 
Also, like a beam : telum. 

trabea, -ae, [ftrabi- (reduced) '+ 
ea, f. of-eus], f., a trabea, a robe, 
woven in stripes, worn by magis- 
trates, &c. 

trabs (trabes), -is, [?], i.,a beam 
(hewn), a timber. — Less exactly, 
a ship. 

traetabilis, -e, [tracta- (of trac- 
to) + bilis], adj., manageable. — 
So, of the weather, fit for naviga- 
tion. — Of persons, yielding, trac- 
. table. 

tractim [as if ace. of ftracti- 
( y'trah + tis), cf. partim], adv., 
draggingly, slowly, gradually, con- 
tinuously. 

tracto, -avi, -atum, -are, [f trac- 
to- (of tractus)], 1. v. a, handle. 

tractus, -a, -um, p.p. of traho. 

tractus, -us, [y'trah (of traho) 
+ tus], m., a drawing: tractu 



Vocabulary, 



285 



gementem ferre rotam (as it 
moves') ; tanto tractu se conligit 
, a,nguis (so wide a sweep) . — Also 
(cf. trctno, trace), a streak, a 
stretch (cf. Eng. use), a quarter, 
a region. 

trado, -didl, -ditum, -dere, 
[trans-do], 3. v. a., hand over, 
give over, give in charge, surren- 
der. 

traduco, -duxi, -ductum, -du- 
cere, [trans-duco], 3. y. a., afosze* 
over, transfer, remove. 

trahea, -ae, [ftraha- (reduced) + 
ea, f. of -ens], f., a drag, a sledge 
(used also for threshing). . 

traho, traxi, tractum, trahere, 
[ y'trah (for -gn), akin to rp^x™]* 
3. v. a., drag (with violence, or 
with difficulty), dragon, drag along, 
drag away, hear on (of rivers, &c), 
carry with it (of something fall- 
ing, &e.),' carry off (as captive) : 
traetae catenae (dragging, clank- 
ing chains)-, nubem. (drive) ; ar- 
menta cum stabnlis {carry away) ; 
genua aegra ; sinus ultimus or- 
bes (of a snake) ; naves in saxa 
(of Scylla). — Also (without vio- 
lence), draw, draw out, draw in, 
move on (slowly or continuously), 
trail, lead (pi children, &c), draw 
(lots): sinum ex alto (roll)-, 
alvum (trail, as hanging low) ; 
vela (take in)'. — Fig., draw, de- 
rive, entice, attract, trace, pass, be 
traced (extend), dissolve (draw 
in) , utter luith difficulty : gyros 
(trace) ; Iris mille color es ; a 
pectore vocem (utter with diffi- 
culty). — -So, also, drag out, per- 
form (slowly), while away, waste 
(of time), dally, delay: moras (cre- 
ate) ; vitam ; noctem sermone ; 

— pass., draw on (of future time). 
— > Esp., absorb, drazu in : per ossa 
furorem. 

traicio (transicio, also separate, 
traiic-, transiic-), -ieci, -iec- 
tum, -icere, [trans-iacio] , 3. v. a. 
and n., throw across, throw over. 

— With change of point of view, 



pierce, transfix. — Intrans., pass 
across, pass. 

traiectus (trans-), -a, -um, p.p. 
of traicio. 

trano (trans-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[trans-no], 1. v. a., swim across, 
cross (of rivers), sail through or 
across (of birds). — Also, of Mer- 
cury as a winged creature. 

tranquillus, -a, -um, [?], adj., 
quiet, calm, still, tranquil. — Neut. 
as subst. : tranquillo, in calm 
weather. 

trans [unc. form yiira, tar (in te- 
rebro)], prep., across, through, 
over. — Adv., in comp., in same 
sense.. 

transabeo, -ii, no sup., -ire, [trans- 
abeo], irr. v. a. and n., pass beyond. 

— Also, pierce, penetrate, pass 
through (of. a weapon, &c). 

transadigo, -egi, -actum, -igere, 
[trans -adigo], 3. v. a., thrust 
through (with two aces.). — Also, 
pierce through, penetrate. 

transcribe (transs-), -scrips!, 
-scriptum, -scribere, [traiis- 
scribo], 3. v. a., transcribe. — Also, 
make over by writing; — hence, 
assign over, transfer, make over. 

— Esp., enroll (in a different list, 
cf. conscribo), transfer. 

transcurro, -eucurri (-currij, 
no sup., -currere, [trans-curro], 
3. v. a. and n., run across, Jiy 
across, shoot across. 

transeo, -ii (-ivi), -itum, -ire, 
[trans-eo], irr. v. n. and a., pass 
over, cross, pass by, pass, outstrip. 

— Also, pierce, pass through, pen- 
etrate. — Also, pass over or by 
(unmentiofied). 

transfero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, 
[trans-fero], irr. v. a., carry over, 
transfer. 

transf igo, -f ixi, -fixum, -f igere, 
[trans-figo] , 3. v. a., thrust through. 

— Also, pierce through (cf. £go), 
transfix. 

transf ixus, -a, -um, p.p. of trans- 
figo. 



286 



Vocabulary, 



transfodio, -fodi, -fossum, -fo- 
dere, [trans-fodio],3.v. 2^., pierce, 
transfix. 

transformo, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[trans-formo] , i.v. ^transform, 
metamorphose ; — with reflexive, 
change. 

transfossus, -a, -um, p.p. of trans- 
fodio.^ 

transilio (transs-), -ul (-ivl), no 
sup., -Ire, [trans-salio], 3. v. a. 
and n., leap across, fly over. — Of 
things, fly through. 

transmissus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
transmitto. 

transmitto,-misi, -missum, -mit- 
tere, [trans-mitto], 3. v. a. and n., 
suffer to pass across (cf. mitto, 
let go). — Fig., transmit, assign 
over. — With ace. dep. or trans, 
pass over : campos; cursum {cross 
the passage) . 

transporto, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[trans-porto], 1. v. a., bear across, 
carry across : rip as {carry the 
shades across the stream). 

transtrum, -I, [trans + trum], n., 
a cross-beam. — Esp., a thwart, a 
bench (for rowers athwart the ship) . 

transverbero, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[trans-verbero], 1. v. a., strike 
through, pierce, transfix. 

transversus, -a, -um, p.p. of 
trans verto. 

transverto,-verti,-versum, -ver- 
tere, [trans-verto], 3. v. z..,tum 
athwart. — transversus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., lying across, running 
across. — Neut. plur. as adv., as- 
kance, athzvart one^s course. 

trapetus, -1, [Gr. rpairiqTos'], m.,an 
oil- mi II. 

trecenti, -ae, -a, [ftri-centum, 
decl.], adj., three hundred. 

tremebundus, -a, -um, [ftreme- 
(as of tremo, but cf. rubicun- 
dus) + bundus], adj., trembling, 
quivering. 

tremefaeio, -feci, -factum, -fa- 
cerc, [unc. stem (akin to tremo) 
-facio], 3. v. a., make tremble, 
shake. — tremefactus, -a, -um, 



p.p., shaken, trembling, quiverings 
shuddering. 

tremendus, see tremo. 

tremes, -itis, [^/mi (in meo) + 
tis (reduced), cf. comes], m., a 
cross-path, a by-way. — Less ex- 
actly, a path (lit. and fig.), a course, 

tremesco (-isco), no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [ftreme- (of tremo) + sco], 
3. v. n. and a. incept., treqible. — 
With inf. and ace, as in Eng.(?), 
tremble, shudder. — With obj., 
tremble at, shudder at. 

tremo, -ui, no sup., -ere, [^/trem, 
cf. rp€/uLco (perh; fr. a stem, cf. ter- 
reo )]> 3- v « a *> tremble, quake, 
quake with fear, shake, quiver : 
cristae {nod, flutter). — Act., 
tremble at, shudder at, quake ivith 
fear at. — tremens, -entis, p. as 
adj., trembluig, quivering, fright- 
ened. — tremendus, -a, -um, p. 
ger., dreadful, awful, dread. 

tremor, -oris, [ytrem + or], m., 
a trembling. 

tremulus, -a, -um, [ftremo- 
( ^/trem + us) + lus], adj., trem- 
ulous, quivering, shim?nering. 

trepido, -avi, -atum, -are, [ftre- 
pido-], 1. v. n. and a., tremble, 
quake with fear, flutter. — Also, 
hurry to and fro, bustle. — Act. 
(as verb of fearing), fear, dread, 
shrink from. — trepidans, -an- 
tis,p. as adj., frightened, inapanic 9 
in alarm. 

trepidus, -a, -um,[ftrepo-(y / trep, 
of unc. kin. + us) + dus], adj., 
tre?Jibling, agitated, shuddering, 
quaking, .bustling, hurrying, con- 
fused, in confusion, in agitation ; 
— frightened, fearful, anxious, 
alarmed, in eager haste. 

tres, tria, [ftri-, of unc. kin., cf. 
rpeis, Eng. three~], num. adj. plur., 
three. 

trlbulum, -I, [tri (as root of tero) 
+ bulum], n., a drag (for thresh- 
ing, with teeth beneath). 

tribulus, -I, [Gr. rpi&oXos*], m., a 
caltrop (a pointed instrument laid 
on the ground as a defence against 



Vocabulary. 



287 



cavalry). — Also, a caltrops thorny 
plant, Tribulus terrestris). 

tricorpor, -oris, [ftri-fcorpor- 
(decl. as adj.)], adj., three-bodied. 

tridens, -dentis, [ftri-dens (decl. 
as adj.)], adj., three-toothed, three- 
pronged. — Masc. as subst, a tri- 
dent, the attribute of Neptune. 

trietericus, -a, -um, [Gr. Tpisr-qpi- 
kos~\, adj., biennial, occurring once 
in three years according to the 
notions of the ancients, who count- 
ed both termini of a period. 

trifaux, -faucis, [ftri-faux, decl. 
as adj.], adj., three-throated, triple- 
jawed : trifauci latratus Cerbe- 
rus {with the baying of his three 
throats) . 

triginta[tri-unc. stem, cf. viginti], 
indecl. num. adj., thirty. 

trilix, -licis, [ftri-lix, cf. bilix], 
adj., three-ply, threefold (of three 
thicknesses). 

Trlnacrius, -a, -um, [Gr. Tpwd- 
Kpios~], adj., of Sicily (called Tri- 
nacria from its three promonto- 
ries), Sicilian. — Fern. (cf. Gr. 
TpivaKpiz), Sicily. (This word, as 
is the case with most names of 
countries, serves as adj. of its own 
fern.) . 

Triones, -urn, [?], m. plur., the 
Great and Little Bears, Ursa Ma- 
jor and Minor, or Charles' Wain 
(see also septeintrio). 

triplex, -icis, [ftri-plex, cf. du- 
plex], adj., threefold, triple : gens 
(in three divisions). 

tripils, -odis, [Gr. Tp'nrovs~], m., a 
tripod, a three-legged stand used 
by the ancients, especially for cook- 
ing and for sacred rites. — Esp., 
the Tripod, or cauldron on a tri- 
pod, at Delphi, on which the priest- 
ess sat when delivering the oracle. 
— -Plur., referring to the same, but 
almost in sense of oracles. 

tristis, -is, [ ?, perh. y'ters (in ter- 
reo] + tis], adj., sad, gloomy, 
mournful, iv retched, sorrowful. — 
Also of things connected with per- 
sons in the same sense. — Also, as 



affecting others, grim, gloomy, sul- 
len, stern. — Transf., sad (causing 
sadness), bitter, dreary, mournful, 
melancholy, ill-omened, wretched, 
gloomy, dreadful, cruel, harsh, 
noxious, baneful : tempus (disas- 
trous) ; Minervae sid.XLs(stormy); 
nihil triste {there is no sorrow) . — 
Of taste, &c, bitter, harsh. — Neut. 
as subst., the bane. 

trisulcus, -a, -um, [ftri-sulcus, 
decl. as adj.], adj., three-forked. 

triticeus, -a, -um, [ftritico- (of 
triticum, reduced) + eiis], adj., 
of wheat : messis (zvheat-harvesl). 

Triton, -onis, [Gr. Tprrcoj/], m. : 
A sea-god, son of Neptune, rep- 
resented as blowing a conch-shell. 
— Plur., sea-gods. — 2. A name of 
a ship. 

Tritonia, -ae, [Gr. TpiTuvios~\, f., a 
name or appellation of Pallas (Mi- 
nerva) of uncertain origin. 

Trltonis, -idis, [Gr. TpiTwvis], f., 
same as Tritonia. 

tritura, -ae, [ y/txi (in tero)+tura, 
but see pictura], f., threshing. 

tritus, -a, -um, p.p. of tero. 

triumphatus, -a, -um, p.p. of tri- 
umpliOj 

triumpho, -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ftriumpho-], 1. v. n. and a., tri- 
umph (technically). — Act., enjoy 
a triumph over, lead in triumph, 
conquer, subdue. 

triumphus, -1, [prob. corr. fr. Gr. 
QpiajjL&as, a hymn to Bacchus], m., 
a triumph (in the Roman techni- 
cal sense, where the general with 
his army went in procession to the 
Capitol to offer a sacrifice). — Less 
exactly, a triumph (generally), a 
victory. 

Trivius, -a, -um, [ftri-fvia, decl. 
as adj.], adj., of three ways. — Masc. 
and fem., of gods whose temples 
were built at the junction of three 
ways. — Fem., Trivia, as subst.; — 
esp., Hecate or Diana, on account 
of her three forms. — Neut., a 
square, where three ways met, 
comers. 



288 



Vocabulary, 



Troas, -adis, [Gr. Tpwcfe], f. adj., a 
Trojan woman. — Plur., the Trojan 
women. 

Troia, see Troius. 

Troianus, -a, -urn, [fTroia+nus], 
adj., Trojan. — As subst., a Trojan. 

Troilus, -I, [Gr. TpauAos], m., a son 
of Priam killed in the Trojan war. 

Troiugena, -ae, [fTroiu- (of unc. 
form) -gena (cf. indigena) ] , 
comm., born in Troy, Trojan. — 
As subst., a Trojan. 

Troius, -a, -urn, [fTro- (of Tros) 
+ius] , adj . : A. Of Tros. — Fe m . : 
I. Troy, the city of Tros; 2. A 
city of the same name in Epirus ; 
3. The game or exercise of the 
Trojan youths in honor of Anchi- 
ses. — B. Less exactly (as with 
most names of countries, &c), of 
Troy, Troja n. — Masc, a Troja n . 

tropaeum (-phaeum), -I, [Gr. 
Tp6irouov~\, n., a trophy, regularly 
a trunk of a tree arrayed in arms 
and left standing on the battle- 
field. — Less exactly, a trophy 
(generally), a victory. 

Tros, -ois, [Gr. Tpcvs], m., a king 
of Phrygia (see Dardanus) . — 
As adj., Trojan. — As subst., a 
Trojan. — Plur., the Trojans, said 
to be named for him. 

trueido, -avl, -atum, -are, [?, 
prob. noun-stem akin to trux, and 
caedo], 1 . v. a., cut down, slaugh- 
ter. 

trudis, -is, [^/trud (in trudo) + 
is], f., a boat-hook, a pole (for boat- 
ing), said to have a crescent-shaped 
head, cf. contus. 

trudo, trusi, trusum, trudere, 
[?], 3. v. a., push, push on, shove, 
thrust, press against, struggle 
against. — Esp., put forth (of 
growth). — In pass, or with reflex- 
ive, sprout. 

truncus, -a, -urn, [?], adj., lopped, 
stripped, cut off, maimed, muti- 
lated: pinus {a pine trunk) ; 
trunca pedum {destitute of, of 
maggots) ; tela {broken, perh. 
with only the heads off). — Masc., 



a trunk (of a tree, opposed to the 
branches), a stock, a main shoot. 

— Also, a headless trunk (of a 
man). 

trux, trucis [ ?], adj., savage, grim, 
gloomy. — * 

tu, tul, [cf. ay, Eng. thou], pers. 
pron., thou, you (according to Eng. 
idiom). — Plur., vos, you (of sev- 
eral) ; — also apparently (never 
really) of one, when others are in- 
cluded. 

tuba, -ae, [f. of tubus], f., a trum- 
pet (straight, cf. coruu, a curved 
horn). 

tueor, tuitus (tutus), tueri, [?], 
2. v. dep., look at, gaze at, gaze 
upon, look, behold. — Also (lit. and 
fog.*), protect, defend. — tutus, -a, 
-uin, p.p. in pass, sense, protected, 
safe (as regards externals, cf. se- 
curus, as regards one's self), se- 
cure, without danger, in safety, 
undisturbed, unharmed : dare tu- 
ta vela {sail safely). — Fig. : fides 
{secure, trustworthy) . — Trans- 
ferred, safe {protecting) : tegmina 
capitum. — Like securus, fear- 
less, in sectirity. — Neut. sing, or 
plur., safe places (i.e. safety), a 
safe retreat, a safe position, Sec, 
safety, security. — Abl. as adv., 
safely, with impunity. 

tugurium, -I (-ii), [^/teg + unc. 
term.], n., a hut. 

Tulla, -ae, [f. of Tullus], f., an 
attendant of Camilla. 

Tullus, -1, [?], m., a Roman name. 

— Esp., Tullus Hostilius, the third 
king of Rome. 

turn [n. ace. pron. ^/ta (in tain, 
etc.), cf. dum], adv. demonstra- 
tive, then, at that time. — With cor- 
relative, at the time, that time, then 
(sometimes not expressed in Eng.), 
in that case, now (in Eng. sense 
of. past time), by and by, mean- 
while, just then. — Also, thereupo7i, 
next, then again, then, besides, 
and . . . too. — Esp. : quid turn, 
what then (what follows logically 
from the preceding ?), what next. 



Vocabulary, 



289 



— turn iam, just then (but con- 
founded with iam turn) ; iam 

turn, even then, just then, then 
already) ; turn vero, emphatic, 
introducing the most important 
point of a narrative. 

tumeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, 
[ftumo- ( ytu + mus, cf. tumu- 
lus, rv\os)~\, 2. v. n., swell, be 
swollen. 

tumesco, tumui, no sup., tumere, 
[ftume-(oftumeo)+sco],3.v. n., 
smelly rise (of the sea or war, &c). 

tumidus, -a, -um, [ftumo- (wh. 
tumeo) + dus], adj., szuelling, 
swollen, rising, huge. — Fig., puffed 
up, swelling. 

tumor, -oris, [turn (as root of 
tumeo) + or], m., a swelling. — 
Fig., anger. 

tumultus, -us, [ftumulo- (of tu- 
mulus in earlier meaning, cf. 
tumeo, reduced) + tus], m., an 
uproar, a tumult, a noise, a dis- 
turbance, a commotion, disorder, 
confusion. — Also, of the mind, 
anxiety, agitation, excitement : 
laetitia mixto tumultu. — Esp., 
a domestic war, a war. 

tumulus, -I, [ftumo- (whence tu- 
meo) + lus], m., a mound, a hill. 

— Esp., a toi?ib. 

tune [tum-ce, cf. hie], adv., then 
(more definite than turn, but con- 
fused with it), at that time. The 
readings often vary between turn 
and tunc. 

tundo, tutudi, tunsum (tusum), 
tundere, [y^tud, akin to Sk. 
-y/tud, with same meaning], 3. v. a., 
strike, beat, bruise. — Esp. of beat- 
ing the breasts in grief. — Also, 
pound, bruise, crush, thresh. — 
Less exactly, tear (of a vulture), 
beat (of waves), assail (by words) . 

tunica, -ae, [?], f., a tunic, the 
ancient undergarment, a sort of 
shirt or frock. — Fig., a coaling 
(of bark or the like). 

tunsus, -a, -um, p.p. of tundo. 

turba, -ae, [ ^/tnr (cf. tarma and 
dopv&os) + ba, cf. morbus, su- 



perbus, and rvpSj]"], {., a disturb- 
ance, a tumult, confusion. — Esp., 
a throng, a crozvd, a flock (of 
birds), a multitude, the croivd (as 
opposed to leaders, &c). 

turbatus, -a, -um, p.p. of turbo. 

turbidus, -a, -um, [f turba -f-dus], 
adj., confused, agitated, wild, tur- 
bid, roily, stormy, eddying (of 
dust), whirling (of rain). — Of 
persons (cf. turba), wild (often 
equals adv. wildly), agitated, im- 
petuous, .confused, in a panic. 

turbo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fturba], 
I. v. a., agitate, disturb, throw into 
confusion, drive in a panic, fright- 
en (chase), scatter: turbatur (con- 
fusion reigns) ; globum (break, 
i.e. the order) ; omnia metu; la- 
tratu apros (rouse); turbantur 
arenae (tossed, driven) . — Less 
exactly and fig., alar?n, trouble, 
disturb, strike with a panic, break 
off (3. truce) , spread alarm (among, 
or absolutely) . — turbatus, -a, 
-um, p.p. as adj., agitated, disor- 
dered, in a panic, broken, panic- 
stricken, in confusion (equal 
adv.), frightetied, alarmed, dis- 
turbed, disordered, angry, troubled, 
confused, excited. 

turbo, -inis, [fturba- (or -o) + o 
(-in), cf. homo], m., a whirling ; 
a whirling eddy : quo turbine 
adacta (of an arrow, simply by 
whose hurling) ; venti (a whirl- 
wind, see next division). — Esp., 
a whirlwi?id, a hurricane : nigro 
circumdata turbine (including 
the cloud that often accompanies 
the vortex) ; ingentis turbine 
saxi (like a whirlwind, making 
one as it goes) ; quo turbine tor- 
queat hastam (i.e. force like a 
whirlwind). — Also, a top (perh. 
nearer the original sense). 

tureus, (thu-), -a, -um, [ftur + 
eus], adj., of incense. 

turgeo, tursi, no sup., turgere, 
[?], 2. v. n., swell. 

turicremus, -a, -um, [ftur- (as if 
turi-) + cremus (cf. cremo)], 



2go 



Vocabulary, 



adj., incense - burning, smoking 
with incense, 

turifer, -era, -erum, [ftur- (as if 
turi-) -fer (ytfer + us)], adj., 
in cense-bearing, 

turma, -ae, [y'tur (in turba) + 
ma], f., a troop (of horse, techni- 
cally a tenth of the ala or division 
of about 300 men), a squadron. 

— Also, of the Trojan boys exer- 
cising as cavalry. — Less exactly, 
a troop (of other things), a throng, 
a band. 

Turnus, -1, [?], the Rutnlian king 
who, as a suitor for the hand of 
Lavinia, resisted the settlement of 
/Eneas, and was finally slain by 
him. 

turpis, -e, [?], adj., unseemly, un- 
sightly, foul, ill-formed, misshapen, 
ugly: tabum; racemi; Egestas 
(squalid, as emaciated and in rags) . 

— Also, in a moral sense (cf. foul, 
&c), unseemly, base, dishonorable, 
vile, disgraceful. 

turriger, -era, -erum, [f turri-ger 
(Vges, in gero, + us)], adj., 
tower-bearing, crowned with towers 
(as cities were usually represented 
allegorically) . 

turris, -is, [prob. borrowed, cf. Gr. 
rvpo'Ls'], {., a tozver. — Esp., a mil- 
itary tower for siege, advanced to 
the walls on wheels, or one on a 
wall for defence. — Loosely used 
of high buildings. 

turritus, -a, -um, [fturri+tus, 
cf. armatus], adj., armed with 
towers, crowned with towers (as 
Cybele was represented) . — Less 
exactly, towering, pinnacled (of 
cliffs). 

turtur, -uris, [?], m., a turtle-dove. 

tus (thus), turis, [Gr. duos'], n., 
frankincense, incense. 

Tuscus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of Etru- 
ria, Etrurian, Tuscan, Etruscan. 

— Plur. as subst, the Etrurians. 
tussis, -is, [?], f., a cough. 
tutamen, -inis, [ftuta- (of tutor) 

+ men], n., a protection, a defence. 
tute, see tu. 



tutela, -ae, [ftute- (as if stem of 
tutor) + la, cf. candela], f., 

guardianship, protection. 

tutor, -atus, -ari, [ftuto- (p.p. of 
tueor)], 1. v. dep., protect, defend, 
support. 

tutus, -a, -um, p.p. of tueor. 

tuus, -a, -um, [pron. y^TVA + YAs], 
poss. pron., thy, your (of one per- 
son, according to Eng. idiom), 
thine, yours. — Plur. (less common- 
ly sing.) as subst., your (friends, 
men, &c, affairs, interests, &c). 

Tybris, etc.; see Tiberis. 

Tydeus, -el (-eos), [Gr. Ti/5et5s], 
m., the father of Diomede. He 
fought in the Theban war. 

Tydldes, -ae, [Gr. patronymic], m., 
son of Tydeus, Diomedes. 

tympanum, -I, [Gr. TvfXTcavov], n., 
a drum, a timbrel, used especially 
in the rites of Cybele. — Also, a 
wheel (not with spokes, but solid 
like a child's truck, cf. rota, one 
with spokes). 

Tyndaris, -idis, [Gr. Twdapls'], f., 
daughter of Tyndarus, Helen, as 
daughter of Leda his wife. 

Typhoius, -el (-eos) , [Gr. T vtycosvs'] , 
m., a giant, also called Typhon, 
the hero of many fables. According 
to one, he was struck by lightning 
and buried under /Etna by Jupiter. 
According to another, it was under 
Ischia. He seems to have been a 
type of volcanoes in general. 

Typhoeus,-a, -vim, [Gr. adj. fir. pre- 
ceding], adj., of Typhon : tela {the 
bolts of Typhon, by which he was 
slain) . 

tyrannus, -1, [Gr. rvpavvos], m., a 
king. — Esp., a tyrant, a despot. 

Tyres, -ae, [?], m., a Trojan (or 
Arcadian) in the army of /Eneas. 

Tyrius, -a, -um, [f Tyro- (reduced) 
-fius], adj., of Tyre, Tyrian. — 
Less exactly, of Carthage, Cartha- 
ginian. — Plur. masc, the Tyrians, 
the Carthaginians. 

Tyros (-us), -1, [Gr. Tvpos, a Phoe- 
nician word], f., Tyre, the great 
city of Phoenicia, from which came 



Vocabulary. 



291 



the colony of Dido. It was most 
famous for its purple dye. 
Tyrrhenus, -a, -um,[Gr.Tupp?;z/os], 
adj., Etruscan, Etrurian, Tuscan. 

— Masc. as subst., an Etrurian ; 

— plur., the Etrurians, the Etrus- 
cans. 

Tyrrhenus, -1, [m. of preceding], 



m., an Etrurian among /Eneas' 
allies. 

Tyrrheus (Tyrrlius), -el, [?],m., 
the herdsman of King Latinus. 

Tyrrhldae, -arum, [Gr. patrony- 
mic fr. preceding], m. plur., the 
sons of Tyrrheus : pueri {young 
softs of, &c). 



U. 



1. fiber, -eris, [unc. form akin to 
ovOap, Eng. ttdder, perh. also to 
uveo], n. (oftener plur.), an ud- 
der, the breast. — Fig., the bosom 
(of the earth, as the source of 
nourishment), soil (as fertile) , fer- 
tility : (tellu's) vos ubere laeto 
accipiet {in her fertile bosom) ; 
rarum {light spongy soil) ; ferti- 
lis ubere campus {in production) ; 
densum {a thick plaiited soil)-, 
ubere glebae {fertility of tJie 
soil)-, divitis uber agri {fertile 
soil of a rich land). 

2. uber, -eris, [same word as prec. 
decl. as adj., cf. n. plur. -a], adj., 
fertile, productive, rich, abmidant, 
plcfitiful, luxuriant. 

ub! [held to be pron. -y/quo + bi, 
cf. tibi, and Umbr. pufe], adv.: 
I. Interr., where (almost always 
with strong feeling, in despair or 
irony); 2. Rel., where (with ex- 
pressed or implied antecedent), in 
a place where (without def. ante- 
cedent), wherever. — Also, when, 
whenever, after, as soon as. 

ublque [ubi-que, cf. quisque], 
adv., everywhere, on all sides, all 

_ around. 

Ucalegon, -ontis, [Gx.OvKaXiyoov], 
m., a Trojan. 

tidus, -a, -um, [prob. contr. fr. 
uvidus, or formed from shorter 
stem], adj., wet, moist, damp, wa- 
tery : udae vocis iter {moist pass- 
age of the voice) ; veneimm{dank); 

_ liber {juicy). 

Ufens, -entis, [?], m.: 1. A river 
in Latium ; 2. The same word used 
as the name of a Rutulian. 



ulciscor, ultus, ulcisci, [^/ulc, 
poss. akin to oipKios], 3. v. dep., 
take vengeance on or for (a wrong- 
doer or a wrong) . — Also, avenge 
(the wronged). 

ulcus, -eris, [prob. Gr. %Xkos], n., 
a sore, an tdcer. 

uligo, -inis, [ ?, prob. akin to uveo], 
f., moisture. 

Ulixes, -I (-ei, -is), [dialectic form 
of 'OSvcrcrevs], m., a Greek hero of 
the Trojan war famed for his cun- 
ning. His wanderings are the 
theme of the Odyssey. 

ullus, -a, -um, -lus, [funo- (re- 
duced) + lus], pron. adj., only in 
real or limited negatives, cf. quis- 
quam, any, anyone : dumamnes 
ulli rumpuntur {so long as any 
&c, until they do not, foil, by post- 
quam) . — With negatives, not any, 
no, none, no one. 

ulmus, -1, [?], m., an elm, an elm 
tree. The vines of the ancients 
were often trained upon them. 

ulna, -ae, [?, cf. wAeV*;, Eng. elbow"], 
f., the for ear m, the elboiu. — Also, 
an ell (perh. the distance from the 
hand to the elbow, but used also 
of the outstretched arms, hence 
the length is unc). 

ulter, -tra, -trum, [pron. -y/ul (of 
unc. kin., cf. uls) + ter (comp. 
suffix akin to -rcpos), cf. alter], 
pron. adj., {on the farther side) . — 
Comp., ulterior, -us, the farther. 
— Neut. as adv., farther, further, 
any more. — Superb, ultimus, 
-a, -um, [pron. ^/ul + timus, cf. 
intimus], farthest, extreme, ut- 
termost, at the end: auctor san- 



292 



Vocabulary. 



guinis (original, earliest, farthest 
in the line). — Of time, last, final. 

— Of degree, last, extreme : iussa 
(most degrading, most arrogant). 

— Neut. plur., the end, the farthest 
point. 

ulterius, see ulter. 

ultimus, -a, -um ; see ulter. 

ultor, -oris, [v^ ( m ulciscor) 
-f-tor], m., an avenger. 

ultra [prob. abl. of ulter, cf. ex- 
tra], adv. and prep. Adv., on the 
other side, farther, beyond. — Fig., 
further, tnore, besides. For ulte- 
rius, see ulter. — Prep., beyond: 
ultra placitum (above measure). 

ultrix, -Icis, [ V u ^ c + trix, cf. ul- 
tor], f., an avenger (female). — 
As adj., avenging. 

ultro [dat. of ulter], adv., to the 
farther side. — Also, beyond, fur- 
thermore, in addition, besides(o(ten 
of something not to be expected, 
see below). — Also, when nothing 
is expected of one, or called for, 
( m re th a 11 is req u ired ) , vo hi n ta - 
rily, of one's own accord, unpro- 
voked, U7i addressed, first (without 
being spoken to). 

ultus, -a, -um, p.p. of ulciscor. 

ulula, -ae, [akin to 6\o\v(co, prob. 
an old word made from the sound, 
originally a wail, cf. for the form 
hXaXa\, {., a screech-owl (a bird of 
ill-omen). 

ululatus, -a, -um, p.p. of ululo. 

ululatus, -us, [fulula- (of ululo) 
+ tus], m., a howl, a wail, a wail- 
ing, a cry, a shriek, a wailing cry. 

ululo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ulula-, 
cf. 6\o\v(co and aAaAa], I. v. n. 
anda.,<2 howl,a wail,a cry, a shriek. 
— Poetic, of a place, resoimd with 
wails, &c. — ululatus, -a, -um, 
p.p. in pass, sense, zvor shipped 
with cries (prop, of the name, cog. 
ace, uttered, &c.) ; — also, echoing 
with cries (where the object would 
have been ace. of space). 

ulva, -ae, [?], f., sedge, coarse grass. 

Ulysses, see Ulixes. 

Umber, -bra, -brum, [prob. akin 



to imber], adj., of the Umbri (a 
tribe of Northern Italy between the 
Rubicon, the Nar, and the Tiber). 

— Masc, an Umbrian hound, an 
"Umbrian" (cf. Newfoundland). 

umbo, -onis, [?, akin to umbili- 
cus, and <x(x^o)v~\, m., (prob. any 
protuberance), a boss (of a shield). 

— Less exactly, a shield. 
umbra, -ae, [?], f., a shade, a 

shadow ; — hence, darkness, gleom. 

— Esp., a ghost (of a dead person, 
as a mere shadow ?, but confound- 
ed in use with gloom), a shade, an 
apparition (of any kind), a vision, 
a phantom. — Also, plur., the realm 
of shades, the shades, the world be- 
low. — Poetic, leaves and branches 
(which serve as shade). 

umbraculum, -1, [as if fumbra- 
(of umbro) + culum], n., a bower, 
an arbor. 

umbratus, -a, -um, p.p. of umbro. 

umbrifer, -era, -erum, [fumbra- 
(weakened) -fer (yfar + us)], 
adj., bearing shade, shady. 

Umbro, -onis, [fUmbro + o (on)], 
m., an ally of Turnus. 

umbro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fum- 
bra-], I. v. a., shade, overshadow. 

umbrosus, -a, -vim, [fumbra- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., shady (both 
furnishing shade and being shaded). 

umecto (hum-), -avi, -atum, 
-are, [fumecto- (of umeo)], 1. 
v. a., moisten, bedew, bathe, water. 

umeo (hum-), no perf ., no sup., -ere, 
[fumo- (-v/ u or fnvi-f- mus), cf. 
umifer], 2. v. n., be moist, be wet, 
— umens, -entis, p. as adj., moist, 
damp, watery, dewy: umbra (deivy 
shades) . 

umerus (hum-), -1, [?, akin to 
dodos'], m., the shoulder. 

umesco (hum-), no perf., no sup., 
-ere, [fume- (of umeo)+ sco], 
3. v. n., be moistened, be sprinkled, 
be spattered. 

umidus, -a, -um, [fumo- (cf. umi- 
fer) -f dus], adj., moist, damp, 
dewy. — Also, wet, rainy, liquid^ 
watery. 



Vocabulary. 



293 



umor (hum-), -oris, [um (as root 
of umeo) + or], m., moisture, 
juice, fluid, liquor; gelidus (i.e. 
snow); Bacchi (i.e. wine), 

uniquam, see unquam. 

una [abl. of unus, cf. ea], adv., (by 
the sa?ne way) , together, at the same 
time, along with, at once. 

unanimus, -a, -um, (also -is, -e), 
[f uno - animus (weakened and 
decl. as adj.)], adj., of one mind, 
harmonious, in concert, sympa- 
thizing. 

unctus, -a, -um, p.p. of ungo. 

uncus, -a, -um, [v^nc (cf. ancus, 
tyKos) + us], adj., bent, hooked, 
crooked : manus (clenched, on a 
rock). 

unda, -ae, [ ^/und + a, cf. Sk. y'ud, 
Gr. vScop, and Eng. water], f., a 
wave, a billozv, a sea. — Poetic, of 
smoke, an eddy, a waving column ; 
— and of persons, a wave, a stream. 
— Also, the sea, zaater, the zvaters. 

uncle [held to be quom-de, cf. ubi 
and inde], adv. : 1. Interr., whence, 
from what place, from zvlience,from 
what source : unde hominum ge- 
nus (whence comes, what is the 
origin); 2. "Rel., from whence. — 
Also, from whom, from which, 
whence. 

undecimus, -a, -um, [undecim + 
mus, cf. primus], adj., eleventh : 
alter ab undecimo (twelfth). 

undique [unde-que, cf. quisque], 
adv., from all sides., from every 
quarter, on all sides (cf. nine), 
everywhere, all around. 

undo, -avi, -atum, -are,[funda-], 
I. v. n., wave, flow in zvaves, roll 
in waves : volutus ad caelum 
undabat vortex (a whirling eddy 
rolled to heaven) . — undans, -an- 
tis, p. as adj., surging, seething, 
waving, eddying, streaming : Cy- 
torus buxo (waving with woods 
of box) ; Nilus bello (swelling 
with a tide of war) . 

undosus, -a, -um, [funda- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., boisterous, , 
wave-washed. 



ungo (unguo), unxi, unctum, 
ungere, [ V un &> a ^ m to Sk. anj], 
3. v. a., smear, besmear, anoint : 
tela manu (of poisoned arrows) ; 
corpus (for burning) . — unctus, 
-a, -um, p.p. as adj., smeared, 
greased, greasy, oily: carina (well- 
pitched). 

unguen, -inis, [as if y/nng (cf. 
ungo) + en (prob. really fungi 
+ nus, reduced)], n., unctuous 
matter (perh. a particular kind, 
now unknown). 

unguis, -is, [?, cf. poss. ovv\], m., 
a nail (of the finger or toe) ; — 
in (ad) unguem, perfectly, ex- 
actly (from trying a work with the 
nail) . — Also, a clazu (of a bird or 
beast), a talon. 

ungula, -ae, [fungui + la], f., a 
clazu, a hoof. 

unquam (umquam), [held to be 
cum-quam, cf. ubi and quis- 
quam], adv., ever (with negatives, 
see ullus), at any time. — With 
negatives, never. 

unus, -a, -um, -ius, [old oinus, 
unc. pron. stem -f nus, cf. oios and 
Eng. one], num. adj., one, the same, 
a like, a single, alone, only, only 
one, the sole. — Esp. : hand unus, 
more than one, ttot the same ; ad 
unum, to a man ; in unum, to the 
sa?ne place, together, into one, in 
one; venturus in unum, come 
face to face with. — Emphatic, the 
one, the very (with superlatives), 
especially, more than all others. — 
Also, in plur., one, &c. 

upilio, -onis, [fovi- unc. stem], m., 
a shepherd, a keeper of the flock. 

urbs, urbis, [?], f., a city (only of 
a large fortified place, the capital 
or chief town of a region). — Po- 
etic, of the citizens. — Also, of a 
beehive, colony, city. 

urgeo (-ueo), ursi, no sup., urge- 
re, [y/Virg, akin to etpyvv/naL], 
2. v. a., press hard, press close ; — 
hence, pursue, attack, overwhelm, 
drive, drive on, force, urge on, 
stimulate, hurry on, hasten (a 



294 



Vocabulary. 



work), bear on (of a crowd, &c), 
urge, press close upon, press on : 
amor habendi apes ; vicinia Per- 
sidis {crowd close upon) ; ad li- 
tora fluctus (roll) ; propius ur- 
gente caterva (pressing him 
closer) ; urgens egestas (compel- 
ling need) ; urgente ruina (borne 
on by the flying throng) ; urgens 
fatum (overwhelming) ; pedem 
pede (press on one's heels) : poe- 
nis urgentur (are tormented). — 
Also, weigh down, press upon, keep 
down, hem in, confine : utrimque 
latus nemoris ; — so, fig., weigh 
down, overcome, worry, pursue, 
annoy. 

urna, -ae, [?], f., a jar, an urn. — 
Esp. used for drawing lots, and in 
choosing the judges (jury) in crim- 
inal cases, who were drawn by lot 
as in modern times : urnam movet 
Minos (i.e. to mix up the names). 

uro, ussi, ustum, urere, [V 1 ^ 
cf. Gr. avca, Sk. y/ush~\ 9 3. v. a, bum. 
— Less exactly, of land, exhaust, 
dry up, poison. — Fig., esp. of the 
passions, bum, fire, set on fire, 
excite, worry, disturb : me amor ; 
me Daphnis; atrox Iuno (of 
Venus) ; uritur Dido (burns with 
love) . 

ursa, -ae, [f. of ursus], f., a she- 
bear. 

ursus, -1, [?, akin to apKTOs~\, m., a 
bear. 

Urus, -I, [a Gallic word], m., the 
urus. — Less exactly, a wild ox 
(the Italian buffalo). 

usquam [held to be unc. case (cf. 
cis, uls) of pron. f quo +quam, cf. 
quisquam], adv., anywhere (in 
neg. clauses, cf. ullus) : si quid 
usquam iustitia est (if justice 
counts for something anywhere, as 
it would seem not to have thus 
far) ; dubitem haud equidem im- 
plorare quod usquam est (what 
power there is anyzvhere, not mine) . 

usque [unc. stem (same as in us- 
quam) + que, cf. quisque], adv., 
(in every place), all the way, even 



(to), clear (to), as far as ; usque 
sub (quite up to, quite into) ; ad 
usque columnas (to the far col- 
umns)-, usque ab (all the way 
from) ; super usque (away be- 
yond) ; quo usque (how far, clear 
up to what point, hozv long) . — 
Also, of time and degree, all the 
time, constantly, ever, even, quite : 
iuvat usque morari ; usque dum 
(all the time that, always while) ; 
usque adeo (quite, to such a de- 
gree, so very much, so very) ; tur- 
batur agris (so much confusion, 
&c); usque adeone mori mise- 
rum est (so very hard a fate, &c). 

usus, -us, [V u t ( or stem as root) 
+ tus], m., use, employment, enjoy- 
ment, experience (continued use) : 
quos indiget usus (need requires) ; 
usus medendi (practice of medi- 
cine) ; pervius usus tectorum (a 
much-used passage) ; — passing into 
service, purpose, use (purpose or 
advantage of employment), use- 
fiilness, advantage, profit : neque 
erat coriis usus (nor could any- 
thing be done with, &c.) ; ipsos ad 
usus (for this very purpose) . — 
— Also, activity (changing the 
point of view). — Esp. as predi- 
cate with esse, (there is ttse for), 
Jhere is need of, something is re- 
quired. 

ut (uti), [held to be case of pron. 
y'quo], adv. (conj.) : 1. Interr., 
how. — Esp. in indirect questions : 
aspice laetentur ut omnia (how, 
the beginner should beware of 
that) ; 2. Rel., as (with or with- 
out correlative so, &c), just as, — 
so in asseverations, as sure as. — 
Of condition or state (almost of 
place) passing into as of time. — 
Hence, when, as soon as, no sooner 
than, as. — Also, with subj., that, 
in order that, so that, to. 

utcumque (-cunque), [ut-cunque, 
cf. quicunque], adv., however, in 
za hat ever way. 

titer, utris, [?], m., a bag (of skin 
for holding wine), a skin. 



Vocabulary. 



295 



uterque, utraque, utrumque, 
utriusque, [uter-que, cf. quis- 
que], pron. adj., each (of two), 
both ; — in Eng., by a change of 
point of view, either. 

uterus, 1, [?], m., the womb. — Less 
exactly, the belly. 

uti, see ut. 

utilis, -e, [stem akin to utor + lis], 
adj., advantage otis, useful, adapted, 
serviceable : bis pomis utilis ar- 
bos (productive in). 

utinam, [uti-nam, cf. quisnam], 
conj., (how pray), oh that, would 
that. 

utor, usus, uti, (old oitor), [?], 
3. v. dep., use, enjoy, take advan- 
tage of, e??iploy, show (in sense of 
use, changing the point of view 
according to Eng. idiom) . 



utrimque [unc. case of uterque, 
cf. nine], adv., from both sides. — 
Also (cf. nine), on each side, on 
both sides. 

uva, -ae, [f. of fuvo- (cf. uvidus) 
+ a], f., the grape (collectively, of 
the bunches of fruit as well as the 
entire vine), grapes, the vine. — 
Plur., grapes, clusters {bunches, of 
grapes) . — Poetically (of a cluster 
of bees), a grape-cluster. 

uvidus, -a, -um, [fuvo- (real or 
supposed, wh. uveo, cf. uva) + 
dus, prob. V UG > c f- ^7P 05 ]j a dJ-> 
soaked, zcet, zvst through. 

uxor, -oris, [?], f., a wife. 

uxorius, -a, -um, [fuxor + ius], 
adj., of a wife. — Also, uxorious, 
devoted to one's wife (to excess). 



V (consonant). 



vacca, -ae, [?], f., a cow, kine. 
vaccinium, -1, (-if), [?, poss. akin 

to vacca], n., a zvhortle-berry 
(or some similar berry) . — Also, a 
flower of some uncertain kind. 

vaco, -avi, -atum, -are, [fvaco- 
(cf. vacuus, Vacuna)], I. v. n., 
be empty, be free fi'o?n, be unoccu- 
pied : vacare domos hoste {the 
dzuellings are vacant, deserted by 
the enemy) ; hie solus locus {this 
only means is open). — Fig., be at 
leisure. — Impersonal, there is {one 
has) time (for a thing), there is 
r oo?n : hactenus indulsisse vacat 
{thus far it was open to me, &c, it 
was pe7'77iitted) . 

vacuus, -a, -um, [-y/vac (in vaco) 
4- uus, cf. adsiduus], adj., vacant, 
open, unoccupied, empty, deserted, 
unobstructed, clear; aurae (as in 
Eng.) ; caelum {free) ; orbis {des- 
olate, without inhabitants) ; saltus 
{open, with no trees) . — Fig., im- 
occupied, idle : mentes. 

vado, perf. and sup. not found, va- 
dere, [?, y'vad, cf. vadum (poss. 
akin to j8cuVa>)], 3. v. n., go, walk, 
proceed, go on : vadit discordia 



{stalks abroad) ; ille ducem va- 
dentem aequat (as he walked, 
77ioved). — Esp.: vade age (like 
Homeric fidene Wi), co7?ie go, go 071 
7iow, of command, encouragement, 
or farewell. 

vadosus, -a, -um, [fvado- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., shallow. 

vadum, -I, [ yvad (of vado) + 
um], n., a ford, a shoal, a shallow, 
a sa7id-ba7ik. — Also, the bottom of 
the sea, the depths. — Less exactly, 
the sea, the waters, a wave. 

vae [?, cf. Gr. ova'C], interj., alas ! 

vagina, -ae, [unc. stem + na], f., 
a scabbard, a sheath. 

vagitus, -us, [fvagi- (of vagio) + 
tus], m., a cryi7ig. 

vagor, -atus, -ari, [fvago- (of 
vagus)], I. v. dep., 77iove to and 
fro, roam, rove, wander, stray, fly 
to and fro (of birds) . — Fig., spread 
abroad: fama. 

valeo, -ui, -itum, -ere, [fvalo- 
( V va l + us, cf. validus and Sk. 
balas, strength)^, 2. v. n., be strotig, 
be stout, be sturdy. — Esp. of health, 
be well. — Fig., be stro7ig, have 
power, have force, avail, have 



296 



Vocabulary, 



effect, be of use, serve, be worth, be 
able, can. — With cogn. ace, have 
power to do, can do : quidquid 
sive animis sive arte vales {what- 
ever resources yon have, &c). — 
With negatives, not serve one, be 
powerless, be useless, fail : non lin- 
gua valet.- — Esp. in imperat., be 
well, farewell, adieu. — valens, 
-entis, p. as adj., strong, stout, 
sturdy. 

Valerus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

validus, -a, -um, [fvald- (wh. va- 
leo) + dus], adj., strong, stout, 
sturdy, stalwart, vigorous. — Trans- 
ferred : ictus {heavy) ; pondus 
{heavy). — Often a standing epi- 
thet like "good sword." 

vallis (-es), -is, [?], f., a valley. 

vallo,-avl, -atum, -are, [fvallo-], 
I. v. a., eiitrench, fortify. — Poeti- 
cal: moenia valiant, they en- 
trench themselves with walls. 

vallum, -1, [n. of vallus, used col- 
lectively], n., a rampart (of stakes 
filled with earth, the regular Ro- 
man entrenchment), an entrench- 
ment, a wall, a fortification. 

vallus, -1, [?, cf. 7)\os, a nail~\, m., 
a stake. - 

vaunus, -1, [?, perh. akin to ven- 
tus], f., a basket (broad and shal- 
low for .winnowing). — Also, the 
shallow basket employed in the 
rites of Bacchus, the meaning of 
which is uncertain, but which often 
appears among his emblems. Some- 
times it serves for his cradle. 

vanus, -a, -um, [prob. y^vac (in 
vacuus) + nus], adj., empty. — 
Esp. of phantoms, dreams, &c, 
empty, bodiless, idle. — Fig., base- 
less, empty, vain, idle, groundless, 
without foundation, meaningless, 
ineffectual, fruitless, false, deceit- 
ful : veri van a {destitute of truth, 
with a suspicion of the lit. sense) ; 
ne vana putes haec fingere som- 
num {invents these idle tales). — 
Neut. plur. as adv., vainly. 

vapor, -oris, [ y/vap (of unc. kin., 



cf. vapidus) + or], m., steam, 
vapor. — Less exactly, heat, fire. 
vaporo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fva- 

por-], 1. v. a. and n., steam, smoke. 
— Act., fill with vapor or smoke, 
fumigate : templum ture {fill 
with smoke of incense). 

vario, -avi, -atum, -are, [f vario-], 
I . v. a. and n., diversify, variegate. 
— Also, change: vices ( cha nge their 
posts). — Intrans., change, waver, 
fluctuate. 

varius, -a, -um, [fvaro- (varus, 
stretched apart) -f ius], adj., of two 
things or more, diverse, different, 
various, different sorts of, opposing, 
on different sides. — Also (of one 
thing in its parts), varying, varied, 
changeable, variable, changeful, 
changing, various, manifold, mot- 
ley, variegated, party-colored, spot- 
led: im.2bgorerxim{various thoughts 
and feelings) ; irarum aestus {eb- 
bing and flowing, fluctuating). — 
Sometimes in the sing, to be ren- 
dered by the plur. : vario certa- 
mine {in the various rivalries) ; 
dissensu vario {in many alterca- 
tions)-, fremor {different mur- 
murs) ; vario motu {with various 
emotions) . 

Varus, -i, [varus, bow-legged\ m., 
a Roman name. — Esp., L. Alfenus 
Varus, who, as an officer of Augus- 
tus, had charge of the confiscation 
of the lands in Virgil's region. He 
has as good a title as any to be 
considered the person to whom 
Virgil dedicates his tenth Eclogue. 

vastator, -oris, [fvasta- (of vas- 
to) + tor], m., a ravager. — Less 
exactly, a destroyer. 

vasto, -avi, -atum,-are,[tvasto-], 
I. v. a., devastate, lay waste, make 
desolate, ravage : agros cultori- 
bus {despoil). 

vastus, -a, -um, [?, p.p. of lost 
verb], adj., desolate, laid waste, 
desert. — Also (by an unc. connec- 
tion), huge, enormous, immense, 
far-stretching, vast, wide{oi lands) , 
measureless. — Fig., mighty, fright- 



Vocabulary. 



297 



fti! f tremendous, deafening (of 
noise). 

vates, -is, [?], coram., a soothsayer, 
a diviner, a seer, a prophet, a 
prophetess. — Also, an inspired 
bard, a bard, a poet. 

-ve [prob. pron. ^/va, cf. Sk. va~\, 
conj. enclit., or (not exclusive, cf. 
aut) . — Also (as the regular con- 
nective with si and ne), and (in 
Eng. taking the two branches to- 
gether where the Latin takes the 
two separately, see sive and neve) . 

— Also with questions, where Eng- 
lish admits or. 

vectis, -is, [ ^/veh (in veho) + tis], 
m., a pole (for carrying or lifting) . 

— From similarity, a bar (closing 
a door). 

vecto, -avl, -atum, -are, [fvecto- 
(cf. veho)], 1. v. a., carry, trans- 
port. 

vector, -oris, [ ^veh (of veho) + 
tor], m., a voyager (cf. vehor), 
a traveller, a merchant (as a sailor, 
according to ancient usage). 

vectus, -a, -um, p.p. of veho. 

veho, vexl, vectum, vehere, 
[ ^fveh (I.-E. vagh), cf. Zx os > Eng. 
wagon~\, 3. v. a., carry. — Esp. (of 
sailing and riding), bear, convey, 
carry, bring. — Also, pass, (almost 
as dep., cf. vector), be borne, ride, 
sail, journey. — Less exactly, draw, 
lead, conduct, drive. — Poetic (or 
proverbial) : quid vesper serus 
vehat {brings with it) . 

vel [prob. imperat. of volo], conj., 
or (not exclusive, cf. aut); — re- 
peated (or in other combinations), 
either . . . or. — Also, even. — Esp. 
with superlatives, even, the very 
(often omitted in Eng.). 

velamen, -inis, [fvela- (of velo) 
-f-men], n., a veil, a covering, a 
garment, clothing. 

velatus, -a, -um, p.p. of velo. 

Velinus, -a, -um, [f Velia + nus], 
adj.: I. Of Velia (a town of Lu- 
cania near which Palinurus was 
drowned); 2. Of Velia, another (un- 
known) place which gave its name 



to a lake in the Sabine country. — 
Masc, Velinus (the lake itself). 

velivolus, -a, -um, [f velo-fvolus 
(^01+ us, wh. xolo, fly)f\, adj., 
winged with sails : mare (i.e. cov- 
ered with sails like wings). 

vello, vulsl (volsi), vulsum (vol- 
sum), vellere, [^/vel, akin to 
€A/ca>], 3. v. a., pull, pluck : aurem 
(as a reminder). — Esp., pull up, 
pull out, tear out, tear up; — so 
of the standards in a camp, as a 
sign of moving : castris signa 
{break up and move from camp) ; 
signa {advance the standards). — 
Also, pull down, overthrow, tear 
away, tear down. 

vellus, -eris, [?, unc. root + us, 
thought to be y/VAR, cover (poss. 
akin to vello, as plucking is no 
doubt earlier than shearing)], n., a 
fleece (on or off the sheep), a sheep- 
skin (fleece and all). — Used also 
of fleecy clouds and of cotton. — 
Also, a lock of wool (used as a fes- 
toon). 

velo, -avl, -atum, -are, [fvelo-], 
I. v. a., cover (esp. of the head), 
veil, crown, adorn, cover (more 
generally), clothe, surround (with 
a garment, &c). — Pass, (as mid- 
dle), cover &.c. one's self. — vela- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p., crozuned, veiled, 
covered, wearing (something); — 
also (cf. armatus), sail-clad (of 
a vessel's yards). 

velox, -ocis, [?], adj., swift, fleet. 

velum, -I, [referred to y/veh (in 
veho) + lum, which suits the form, 
but sail can hardly be the orig. 
sense], n., a sail. — Also (cf. 
velo), a cloth, a covering. 

velut (-uti), [vel-uti], adv., just 
as, as, as when, like, as if, as it 
were, as though. 

vena, -ae, [?], f., a vein, an artery. 
— Poetical : in venis silicis (sup- 
posed to contain fire). — Also (as 
in Eng.), a vein (of metal). — 
Also, a stream, a water-course. 

venabulum, -i,[fvena-(of venor) 
+ bulum], n., a hunting-spear \ 



298 



Vocabulary. 



venator, -oris, [fvena-(of venor) 
+ tor], m., a hunter. — In app. 
as adj., hunting : canis {hound). 

venatrix, -icis, [ f vena- (of venor) 
+ trix], f., a huntress. 

venatus, -us, [fvena- (of venor) 
-j-tus], m., hunting, the chase 
(ace. as supine of venor, wh. see). 

vendo, -didl, -ditum, -dere, [ve- 
num-(acc. of unc.kin.)-do(/?^)], 
3. v. a., sell. — Also (as in Eng.), 
sell {betray). 

venenum, -1, [?~\,n., poison, veno?n 
(of serpents, &c.). — Less exactly, 
a potion (perh. orig. sense), a 
drug, a magic herd. — Poetic, of 
dyes. 

venerabilis, -e, [fvenera (of ve- 
neror) -f bilis], adj., venerable, 
venerated, revered, held in rever- 
ence. 

veneratus, -a, -urn, p.p. of venero. 

venero,-avi,-atum,-are,[fVener- 
(of Venus, in earlier sense of grace 
or the like)], 1, v. a., worship, rev- 
erence. — Pass., veneror as dep., 
in same sense. — Also, adore, pray, 
supplicate, offer prayers to or at. — 
venerandus, -a, -um, p. ger. as 
adj., venerable, adorable, zvorthy 
of all homage, revered. — venera- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., reverend, 
revered. 

venia, -ae, [\/ven (cf. Venus) + 
ia, prob. through adj. -stem, cf. 
insidiae], f., favor, pardon, in- 
dulgence, a boon (concretely) . — 
— Often rendered by a diff. con- 
struction : veniam rogantes cor- 
pora redderet {asking that he 
would graciously, &c.) ; veniam 
precari quern finem ferat {gra- 
ciously to make known). 

Venllia, -ae, [prob. akin to venio, 
cf. the use of the word as wife of 
Janus], f., the mother of Turnus. 

venio, veni, ventum, venire, 
[y'ven, cf. fiaivco, Eng. come, Sk. 
^/gam] , 4. v. n., come (to a place) , 
come in, arrive, reach ; — also of 
states or conditions. — Fig., co?ne 
in, come around, return, come ; 



arise, rise (of heavenly bodies), 
come forth, appear, succeed {come 
next), possess one (of passions, 
&c), co??ie upon ; — spring up, 
grow: segetes {flourish). — Also, 
come (from a place, without a ter- 
minus) , spring from . — veniens, 
-entis, p. as adj., coming, next, 
future. — venturus, -a, -um, f.p. 
as adj., to come, future ; neut., the 
future. 

venor, -atus, -arl, [?], 1. v. dep., 
hunt (with ace. or absolutely ), pur- 
sue, chase. 

venter, -tris, [unc. root, prob. akin 
to yd(TT7)p^, m., the belly. — Also, 
of things : in ventrem cucumis 
cresceret {Jill its paunch). 

ventosus, -a, -um, [fvento- (re- 
duced) -fosus], adj., windy, stormy, 
boisterous: murmuris aurae; fol- 
les {puffing). — Also, as in Eng., 
windy, e?npty, vain : lingua ; glo- 
ria. — Poetically : alae {wings of 
the ivind). 

ventus, -1, [^/ven (akin to Sk. va, 
blow) -f tus], m., wind. — Often 
of a particular wind ; — so in plur., 
winds, or in poetic plur., wind. 

Venulus, -1, [cf. Venilia], m., a 
messenger of Turnus. 

Venus, -eris, [y'ven (akin to Sk. 
-^van)^- us, cf. genus], f., grace, 
beauty. — Esp., Venus, the goddess 
of love and beauty. — Also (cf. 
Ceres, corn), love (sexual); — so 
of animals. — Concretely, a loved 
one. 

vepres (-is), -is, [?], m. (or f.), a 
bramble, a thorn-bush. 

ver, veris, [for vasar, cf. tap, ^p~], 
n., the spring, spring weather, 
spring-time. 

verbena, -ae, [?], f., a plant, ver- 
vain. — Also, in pi., sacred branch- 
es, borne by heralds, and used for 
religious and magic rites. 

fverber (not found), -eris, [?], n. 
(mostly plur.), a lash, a whip ; — 
hence, scourging, a blow. — Also, 
a thong, a rein. — Less exactly, of 
other things, a stroke, flapping. 



Vocabulary. 



299 



verbero, -avi, -atum, -are, [fver- 
ber-], 1. v. a., lash (with a whip), 
scourge. — Less exactly, beat, strike, 
lash (generally) : ictibus auras ; 
aethera alis ; imber humum ; 
quadrupes calcibus auras (paw 
the air). 

verbum, -1, [?, perh. -y/ver (cf. 
prifxa and Eng. word) + bum (cf. 
morbus)], n., a word (as express- 
ing something), words (a state- 
ment, a prayer, a vow, &c.) : in 
verbo (at the word) ; verba inter 
singula (with every -word). — Plur., 
words, language, discourse: has in- 
ter voces, media inter talia ver- 
ba, amid these words (as sounds), 
amid such thoughts (language) as 
these ; rerum verborumque, in 
word and deed ; non replenda 
est curia verbis (as opposed to 
deeds). 

vere, [abl. of verus], adv., truly 
(with truth), really. 

vereor, veritus, vererl, [^/ver 
(cf. bpiw, Eng. -ware), through 
adj. -stem (cf. ovpos)~\, 2. v. dep. 
Absolutely, feel awed, be awed. — 
Active, fear, dread ; — with clause, 
be afraid (\\iaX),fear, be alarmed; 
— with indirect question, be anx- 
ious, be concerned : with comple- 
mentary inf., be afraid (to do any- 
thing), shrink (from doing). — 
Less strong than other verbs of 
fearing, cf. metuo, tinieo. 

Vergilius (the proper Latin spell- 
ing, not Virg-), -1 (-ii), [?, cf. 
Yergiliae], m., a Roman gentile 
name. — Esp., Publius Vergilius 
Maro, Virgil (the established Eng. 
-word, cf. Horace, Livy, Leghorn), 
the^poet. 

vergo, no perf., no sup., vergere, 
[ ?] , 3. v. a. and n. Act., bend, turn, 
incline. — Intrans., incline, lie (of 
places), slope, turn: vineta ad 
solem cadentem ; quo vergat 
pondere letum (which scale death 
should turn, by which weight the 
balance should be inclined). 

veritus, -a, -urn, p.p. of vereor. 



vero [abl. of verus], adv., truly 
(in truth, cf. vere), doubtless, as- 
suredly. — Often ironical, forsooth, 
indeed. — Adversative,/**? wever,but, 
yet.^ — turn vero, see turn. 

verro, verri, versum, verrere, 
[?], 3. v. a. (and n.), sweep (for 
clearing). — Less exactly (as in 
Eng.), sweep, sweep over, skim : 
caerula nautae ; vestigia (of an 
^animal with its tail) . — Without 
ace, rweep : per auras (of the 
winds) . 

versicolor, -oris, [fverso-color, 
decl. as adj.], adj., changeable, 
party '-color -ed, variegated. 

verso (vorso), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[f verso- (cf. verto)], i.v. a., turn 
(repeatedly or with violence), roll, 
toss, -wheel, turn over, wield : ter- 
rain ; telum dextera ; serpens 
volumina (roll, -wind) ; oves 
(drive, pasture) ; currum; se in 
suo vulnere (welter, writhe). — 
Less exactly : animos in pectore 
(bear) ; animum per omnia ; ig- 
nem in ossibus (fire the frame 
with heat). — Also, overturn, over- 
throw, ruin : odiis domos. — Fig., 
turn over, revolve, ponder, medi- 
tate : omnia secum; dolos. 

versus (vorsus), -a, -urn, p.p. of 
verto. 

versus, -us, [yvert (of verto) + 
tus], m., a turn, a turning. — So, 
a furrow (once across a field), 
a line, a row, and, esp., a verse 
(of poetry, beginning the rhythm 
anew), pot 

vertex (vortex), -icis, [fverti- 
(akin to verto, cf. verticula) -f- 
cus (reduced)], m., a -whirl, an 
eddy, a whirlpool, a vortex, a -whirl- 
wind, an eddying flame. — From 
the peculiar growth of hair, the 
crown (of the head), the head, — 
the top, the summit : caeli (the 
heights). — Also, the pole (of the 
heavens). — Phrase: a vertice, 
front above, overhead. 

verto (vor-), vertl, versum, ver- 
tere, [ yvcrt, cf. Sk. v vrt, turn, 



300 



Vocabulary. 



Eng. worth'], 3. v. a. and n., turn 
(lit. and fig. in various relations) ; 

— so, turn around, reverse, in- 
vert, — turn towards, direct, — turn 
away, drive off, divert, transfer, 

— turn up, upturn, turn over, 
overturn, overthrow. — So : sidera 
retro ; terga (of flight) ; versis 
sagittis {with arrows in retreat, 
of the Parthians) ; versis fronti- 
bus {changing front, of the revolv- 
ing scene) ; arma {reverse, in sign 
of mourning) ; aratrum (Jo plough 
across) ; cardo versus; freta (in 
rowing) ; puppes versas {steer- 
ing) ; spicula infensa {present, 
level ) ; vestigia ; iter ; lumina 
{roll) ; praedas {drive off) ; sti- 
mulos {ply) ; in viscera vires 
(turn against); munera in Ae- 
nean ; crateras {drain, tip up) ; 
morsus {use the teeth); procellae 
voeera {bear away) ; &omos{over- 
throw, ruin) ; versi Aquilones 
{changing) . — Esp. of battle, turn, 
put to flight, rout, drive back : 
versi liostes {flying). — Often, 
change, alter, change into, trans- 
form : nomen ; vestes ; fata ver- 
sa {changing) . — Also, of thought, 
turn (one's mind), change (one's 
purpose) : quae te sententia 
{what purpose changes y oil); va- 
rii pectore sensus {alternate). — 
With reflexive (often without) and 
in passive, turn one's self, turn, 
change, be changed, transform 
one's self revolve, turn out, tend : 
hie victoria {hinge on this point) ; 
aestas septima (is rolling on); 
caelum (revolve) ; ordo (moves 
on, by fate) ; Turnus vertitur 
(moves to and fro) ; quo se ver- 
tant hospitia ; nee bene vertat 
(tur7i out ill). — In special uses : 
omnia sub pedibus verti regique 
(be contr oiled) ; versum fas at- 
que nefas (confounded) ; memet 
in omnia (try every resource) . 

veru, -us, [?], n., a spit. —Also, a 

dart. 
verum, see verus. 



verus, -a, -urn, [?], adj., true, real, 

— Also, right, fitting, appropriate : 
nomen(;v^/, appropriate) . — Neut. 
(sing, and pi.) as subst, the truth, 
things true. — Neut. as adv., truly 
(in truth, cf. vere) ; — also, but, 
hoivever, yet, still ; often in a 
mere transition or interruption, 
but : verum age. See also vero. 

verutus, -a, -um, [fveru + tus, cf. 
auratus], adj., armed with darts. 

vesanus, -a, -um, [ve-sanus], adj., 
insane, crazy, mad. — Transferred, 
maddening, mad, furious. 

vescor, no p.p., vesci, [ ?] , 3. v. dep., 
feed on, eat, subsist on, feast on : 
aura (breathe the vital air). 

vescus, -a, -um, [?], adj., small, 
meagre, thin. (A word of uncer- 
tain etymology and meaning. In 
both places in Virgil, and in some 
other passages, it seems to have 
the meaning of meagre food). 

Vesevus (Vesuvius), -1, [?], m., 
Vesuvius, the volcano near Naples : 
iugnm (the ridge of Vesuvius) . 

vesper, -erl and -eris, [?, cf. c/ Eo"7re- 
pos~\, m., the evening. — Also, the 
evening star (perh. orig. sense). 

— Poetically, the West. 

Vesta, -ae, [ ?, cf. karia, poss. y'ves, 
dwell} (cf. Sk. y'vas and aarv, 
but also ver) -f ta], f., the goddess 
of household fire (cf. Vulcan of 
fire in general, esp. destructive or 
mechanical). She is the emblem 
of household purity and family 
life (cana Fides et Vesta). Her 
effigy and her fire were carried 
away from Troy by .-Eneas, as a 
sacred charge, and her fire was 
kept constantly burning in her 
temple as the hearth of the State 
considered as a family. She is often 
represented sitting with covered 
head and holding in her hand a 
Palladium. — Also, the household 
fire, the hearth. 

vester, -tra, -trum, [pron. fvas + 
ter, cf. alter], pron. adj., your, 
yours. 

vestibulum, -I, [?], n., a porch, a 



Vocabulary. 



301 



portico, a vestibule, an entrance. 
— Fig., a beginning, ait open- 
ing. 

vestigium, -I, [?, adj. -stem wh. 
vestigo], n., a track, a trace, a 
footprint, a sign, a vestige, a token : 
hederae pandunt vestigia {give 
indicatio/is) . — Less exactly, a step, 
a footstep (of walking, as in Eng.), 
the feet, a course (on foot, or even 
of inanimate things), the fetlocks 
(or feet of a horse). 

vestigo, -avi, -atum, -are, [?, 
adj. -stem wh. vestigium], 1. v. a., 
track, trace. — Less exactly, exam- 
ine, search for. 

vestio, -Ivi (-ii), -itum, -ire, 
[fvesti-], 4. v. a., clothe. — Fig. 
(as in Eng.), clothe, cover, invest, 
deck : aether campos lumine 
{clothe, fill, with a different fig.). 

vestis, -is, [yves (cf. itrOrjs, Sk. 
v 7 vas, clothe) + tis], f., a gar- 
ment, a robe, covering, clothing. — 
Also, a fabric (generally), stuffs, 
hangings, cloth, drapery, hous- 
ings. 

Vesulus, -I, [?], m., a mountain of 
Liguria. 

veternus, -a, -um, [fveter- (of 
vetus) + nus], adj., old. — Masc. 
as subst. (prob. subst. omitted), 
lethargy, sluggishtiess, heaviness, 
inactivity. 

vet it us, -a, -um, p.p. of veto. 

veto, -ul, -itum, -are, [prob. rudely 
formed from vetus, as if fveto-], 
I. v. a., (prob. political, keep the 
old, vote against the new), forbid, 
prohibit. — vetitus, -a, -um, p.p. 
as adj., forbidden, unlawful. — 
Neut. as subst., a prohibition, an 
order (of prohibition) . 

vetus, -eris, [unc. root -f us (cf. 
iroz), prob. orig. noun (cf. ace. 
plur. in -a)], adj., of long standing 
(cf. antiquus), old, aged, ancient, 
former. — Masc. plur., the ancients. 

vetustas, -atis, [fvetus (with orig. 
s) + tao], f., age, antiqzeity, lapse 
of time: aevi {long lapse of 
lime) . 



vetustus, -a, -um, [fvetus (with 
orig. s) + tus (cf. honestus)], 
adj., ancie?it (cf. vetus). 

vexatus, -a, -um, p.p. of vexo. 

vexo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fvexo- 
(as p.p. of veho)], 1. v. a., shake. 
— Fig., harass, worry. 

via, -ae, [ v'veh. (of veho) + a (or 
-ia)], f., a road, a way, a path, a 
street. — Less exactly, a passage, 
a course. — Fig., a way, a means, 
a mode, a fashion, a course. — Plur. 
equals jour?ieys, jour neyings, wan- 
derings. — Special : quos ipse via 
sibi repperit usus, in course of 
time, by practice. 

viator, -oris, [fvia- (as if of vio, 
perh. really) + tor], m., a way- 
farer, a traveller. 

vibratus, -a, -um, p.p. of vibro. 

vibro, -avi, -atum, -are, [f vibro- 
(of lost adj. of unc. kin.)], 1. v. a. 
and n., agitate, swing, brandish. — ■ 
Intrans., quiver, wave : vibranti 
cuspis transverberat ictu {quiv- 
ering with the blow, the force was 
so great) . — vibratus, -a, -um, 
p.p., curled, frizzled (of hair), 
forked {quivering, of the light- 
ning). 

viburnum, -1, [?, poss. akin to vi- 
bro?], n., the viburnum (a low 
shrub of uncertain identity). 

vice, see vicis. 

vicia, -ae, [?], f., a vetch (a kind of 
leguminous plant). 

vlcinia, -ae, [fvicino- (reduced) + 
ia], f., nearness, close proximity : 
Persidis {neighboring Persia). 

vicinus, -a, -um, [fvico- (reduced) 
-f inus] , adj ., {of the same quarter) , 
near, neighboring, in the vicinity, 
close by. — Masc. as subst., a neigh- 
bor. 

vids (gen., no nom. found), [?], 
f., (orig. sense unc), apparently, 
change, interchange : hac vice 
sermonum; in vicem {in turn, 
alternately). — Also, plur., changes, 
chances, fortutie. — Also, a post 
(perh. as held by soldiers in suc- 
cession), a place, a dttty, a function. 



302 



Vocabulary. 



vicissim [ace. adv., same root as 
vicis], adv., alternately, in turn. 

victor, -oris, [V v i c (°f vinco) + 
tor], m., a victor, a conqueror. — 
In app. as adj., victorious, trium- 
phant. 

victoria, -ae, [f victor + ia], f., 
victory, triumph, success. 

victricia, see victrix. 

victrix, -Icis, [V v ^ c ( m vinco) 
+ trix], f., a conqueror (female). 
— Also, as adj. in f. and n., victo- 
rious, conquering, of victory ; — 
also, successful. 

victus, -a, -um, p.p. of vinco. 

victus, -us, [root of vivo (wh. see) 
+ tus], m., a living, a sustenance, 
support (of life), food: facilis 
victu gens {gaining an easy sub- 
sistence) . 

viden, see video and ne. 

video, vidl, visum, vider e, [ f vido - 
(cf. providus)], 2. v. a. and n., 
see (with the eye or mind). — Pass., 
be seeii, seem, appear; — esp., seem 
best, seem good, be deter?nined. — 
Also, see {experience), live to see, 
meet. — videns, -entis, p., seeing, 
awake, with the eyes open. — See 
also visum. 

viduatus, -a, -um, p.p. of viduo. 

viduo, -avi, -atum, -are, [fviduo- 
(of viduus)], 1. v. a., deprive, 
rob, strip. — viduatus, -a, -um, 
p.p. as adj., destitute, free from. 

vigeo, no perf., no sup., -ere, [fvi- 
gd- (cf. vigil)], 2. v. n., thrive, 
flourish, be in vigor, be powerful, 
gain strength. 

vigil, -ilis, [fvigo- (wh. vigeo) + 
lis], adj., wakeful, awake, watch- 
ful, sleepless, unsleeping. — Fig., 
also of things. — As subst., a 
watchman, a sentinel, a guard : 
vigilum excubiae {posts of senti- 
nels) . 

vigilantia, -ae, [ t vigilant + ia], 
f., watchfulness. 

vigilo, -avi, -atum, -are, [f vigil-], 
I. v. n. and a., be awake, wake, 
wake up, watch. — With ace., look 
out for ', watch for. 



viginti [fdvi (of duo) + unc. form, 
cf. triginta], indecl. adj., twenty. 

vigor, -oris, [y vi g (in vigeo) + 
or], m., activity, vigor, strength, 
force. 

vilis, -es, [?], adj., cheap, poor, 
mean, worthless, common. 

villosus, -a, -um, [fvillo- (re- 
duced) + osus], adj., shaggy , hairy . 

villus, -I, [?, cf. vellus], m., a 
coarse hair, hair (of animals), a 
fleece (plur.), wool (coarse). 

vlmen, -inis, [ ^/vi (in vieo) + 
men], n., a twig (flexible), osier. 

— Also, a shoot. 

vimineus, -a, -um,[fvimin+eus], 
adj., of ivicker, plaited, woven. 

vincio, vinxi, vinctum, vinclre, 
[prob. akin to vinco through adj.- 
stem], 4. v. a., bind, tie up. — 
Esp. of garlands, twine, encircle. 

— Fig., of wine, tie, hamper : lin- 
guam. 

vinclum, see vinculum. 

vinco, vici, victum, vincere, 
[^/vic, of unc. kin.], 3. v. a. and 
n. Of battle, conquer, defeat, sub- 
due. — Also, of rivalry, surpass, 
outvie, conquer, excel, gain one's 
point, beat, prevail ; — so : ea vin- 
cam verbis (^master) ; fata {out- 
live). — Also, of things, overcome, 
outlast, prevail against, wear out, 
rise above. — With cogn. ace. : hoc 
vincite {gain this victory). — vic- 
tus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., con- 
quered, broken, shattered. 

vinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of vincio. 

vinculum, -1, [as if fvinco- (akin 
to vincio) +lum], n., a bond, a 
fetter, a band, a shoe-lacing, a strap, 
a thong. — Fig., a bond, an obliga- 
tion, a binding force, a tie (esp. of 
marriage) . 

vindemia, -ae, [fvino-fdemia (lost 
stem akin to demo, cf. praemi- 
um)], f., a vintage. — Also, con- 
cretely (as in Eng.), the vintage, 
crop of grapes, grapes. 

vindico, -avi, -atum, -are, [fvin- 
dic- (of unc. orig.)], 1. v. a., set 
free, release. 



Vocabulary. 



303 



vinetum, -1, [fvino- (reduced) -f 
etum, cf. dumetum], n., a vine- 
yard. 

vineus, -a, -um, [fvino- (reduced) 
-feus], adj., of vines. — Fem. (some 
noun omitted), a vineyard. 

vinitor, -oris, [fvino + tor, cf. 
viator], m., a vine-dresser, a vine- 
pruner. 

vinum, -I, [poss. borrowed, cf. ohos, 
but cf. vitis and vieo], n., wine. 

viola, -ae, [fvio- (akin to %ov) -f la], 
f., a violet (probably several kinds 
of flowers more or less like our 
violets) . 

violabilis, -e, [fviola- (of violo) 
-f bilis], adj., to be violated. 

violarium, -l(-il), [fviola+arinm 
(n. of -arius)], n., a bed of violets, 
a violet-bed. 

violentia, -ae, [f violent-}- ia], f., 
violence, fury, ferocity. 

violentus, -a, -um, [?, perh. akin 
to vis, perh. to violo], adj., vio- 
lent, ferocious, boisterous, rapid. 

violo, -avi, -atum, -are, [ ?, poss. 
akin to vis (cf. violentus), poss. 
to viola (cf. juLiaivco, and see be- 
low)], 1. v. a., do violence to, out- 
rage (lit.), injure, mar, ravage. — 
Also, profane, sully, stain (fig.)? 
violate, outrage (fig.) . — Also, stain 
(imitating [MLaivca, but perh. orig. 
sense). 

vipera, -ae, [f vivo- (or stem akin) 
-para (akin to pario), cf. puer- 
pera], f., a viper, a snake. 

vipereus, -a, -um, [f viper a- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of snakes, 
snaky ; — venomous, poisonous. 

vir, virl, [?, cf. Sk. viras, /iero~\,m., 
a hero, a man (opposed to woman) r 
a husband. — Also, of animals, the 
male, the leader, the lord. 

virago, -inis, [fvir (as if vira-, cf. 
imago) + go], f., a ?nasculine 
wo?nan, a virago : Iutuma (the 
" Amazon " Juturna). 

Virbius, -1, [?], m., a name of 
Hippolytus. — Also of his son, an 
ally of Turnus. 

vir ec turn, see viretum. 



vireo, no perf., no sup., virere, 
[fviro- (cf. viridis)], 2. v. n., 

be green, flourish, grow, put forth 
leaves. 

viresco, no perf., no sup., vires- 
cere, [vire- (of vireo) -f sco], 
3. v. n., grow green, be green. 

viretum (-ectum), -1, [n. p.p. of 
vireo], n., a grassy spot, a green 
thicket. 

virga, -ae, [ ?, perh. ^/vir (in vireo) , 
perh. ^/virg (cf. Sk. yVrJ)]* f -> 
a shoot, a twig, a sapling, a rod, a 
zvand. 

virgatus, -a, -um, [f virga -f tus, 
cf. auratus], adj., sti'iped. 

virgeus, -a, -um, [fvirga- (re- 
duced) + eus], adj., of twigs, of 
shoots, osier. 

virgin eus, -a, -um,[f virgin-fens], 
adj., of a maiden, maiden, mai- 
denly. 

virginitas, -atis, [fvir gin- (as if 
virgini-) + tas], f., maidenhood, 
virginity, chastity. 

virgo, -inis, [stem akin to virga 
-f o, cf. propago], f., a maiden, 
a maid, a virgin. — Esp., the Vir- 
giji, Astrcea, or Justice, who lived 
on the earth in the golden age, but 
fled to heaven in the more corrupt 
ages. 

virgultum, -1, [f virgnla- (reduced) 
-f turn (cf. salictum)], n., a 
thicket. 

viridans, -antis, [p. of virido, fr. 
fviridi-], adj., green. 

viridis, -e, [fviro- (wh. vireo) -f 
dns (weakened)], adj., green : 
Aegyptus (clad in verdure, flow- 
ery, blooming) ; litus (grassy) ; 
antrum (mossy); umbra (leafy). 
— Fig., green, fresh, vigorous. 

virilis, -e, [fviro- (of vir) -f ilis], 
adj., manly, masculine, heroic, 
male. 

virosus, -a, -um, [fviro- (reduced) 
-f osus], adj., odorous, fetid. 

virtus, -litis, [fviro- (reduced) -f 
tus], f., manliness, manhood, brav- 
ery, heroism, courage, virtue, excel- 
lence. — More concretely, a virtue, 



3°4 



Vocabulary. 



a good quality : mea virtus {con- 
sciousness of virtue) ; sodam vir- 
tus omnis {valiant souls). 

virus, -I, [unc. root, cf. Sk. vishas, 
los 9 perh. akin to viola], n., poi- 
son, venom : lentum distillat ab 
inguine (an excretion). 

vis, vis, [?, cf. %s~\, f. sing., power, 
strength, miglit, virtue, effective- 
ness. — Also, force, violence. — Plur., 
strength (usually active, cf. robur), 
power, force, energy, might, ability, 
vigor, powers, forces : vim viri- 
bus exit (escapes violence by main 
force)-, vires occultae (a secret 
virtue). — Also, a multitude 9 a 
quantity. 

viscum, -I, [ ?, poss. akin to virus, 
from its slimy, sticky nature], n., 
mistletoe. 

viscus, -eris, (generally plur.), [?], 
n., the flesh (or soft parts inside 
the skin), the inwards, the body (as 
opposed to the skin and bones). 

— Esp., the viscera (the lungs, 
liver, &c, used for divination), the 
entrails. — Less exactly and fig., 
as in Eng., bowels (of a moun- 
tain), the vitals (of one's country), 

viso, visi, visum, visere, [old de- 
siderative for vividso, from y'vid 
(in video), reduplicated with -so, 
(akin -to Gr. fut. ending)], 3. v. a., 
go to see, visit. — Less exactly, ex- 
amine, see. 

visum, -I, [n. p.p. of video], n., a 
sight, a spectacle, a portent, a prod- 

visus, -a, -um, p.p. of video. 

visus, -us, [yvid (of video) + 
tus], m., the sight (power or act 
of seeing, cf. visum), vision, the 
gaze, a look. — Also, a sigJit* an 
omen. — Also, appearance, aspect. 

— AbLas supine of video, wh. see. 
vita, -ae, [root or stem of vivo + 

ta J, f., life (existence, also the con • 
ditions of life, nature), life (the 
vital principle), the breath of life, 
the vital spark ; — hence, the soul, 
the shade, a spirit. — Also, a mode 
of life, life (course, history of life). 



vitalis, -e, [f vita -f lis], adj., of 
life, vital. 

viteus, -a, -um, [fviti- (reduced) 
+ eus], adj., of the vine : pocula 
(of wine). 

vitiosus, -a, -um, [fvitio- (re- 
duced) + osas'], adj., faulty, blem- 
ished, unsound : ilex (decaying). 

vitis, -is, [y'vi (of vieo) + tis], 
f., a vine (esp. of the grape). — 
— Less exactly, grapes. 

vitisator, -oris, [fviti-sator], m., 
a vine-planter. 

vitium, -i (-ii), n., a flaw, a ble??i- 
ish, a defect. — Also, an injurious 
principle (of the earth or air) : 
terrae; SLeris(e j ffect). — vitio,abl., 
by the fault of, through the influ- 
ence of caused by. 

vito, -avi, -atum, -are, [ ?], i.v. a., 
avoid, shun. 

vitreus, -a, -um, [fvitro- (re- 
duced) -f eus], adj., glassy, sea- 
green (the color of glass). 

vitta, -ae, [akin to vieo], f., a fil- 
let, a band. — Esp. as worn in 
sacred observances, and by sup- 
pliants, wound around sacred ob- 
jects, and hung on the hands or on 
the olive-branches carried as signs 
of supplication. 

vitula, -ae, [ ?, f. of vitulus], f., a 
heifer. 

vitulus, -i, [?, akin to fra\os, perh. 
to vetus, as yearling, cf. eras'], 
ra.., a bullock. 

vivax, -acis, [stem of vivo (re- 
duced) + ax, cf. capax], adj., 
long-lived, enduring. 

vividus, -a, -um, [fvivd (of vi- 
vas) -f dus], adj., lively, vigorous, 
active. — Also, fig. in same senses. 

vivo, vixi, victum, vivere, [ yviv 
(orig. form unc, but with a g, cf. 
quick, and Sk. yjiv), cf. /3tos], 
3. v. n., live, be alive, pass one's 
life. — Also, subsist, live (on any- 
thing). — Also, of things, live, re- 
main, grow, keep alive: vitium 
tegendo (thrive) ; sub pectore 
vulnus ; stuppa (as being on 
fire) . — Esp. in imperat., may you 



Vocabulary. 



30S 



live, farewell, I wish you well, 
adieu. 

vivus, -a, -um, [V vrv O n vivo) 
-f us, cf. quick'], adj,, alive, liv- 
ing : vivus per or a feretur (un- 
dying) ; — so : vultus (living, 
made like life). — Also, of plants, 
living, growing. — Also, of things 
as partaking of the life of nature, 
living,natural, flowing, perennial, 
solid (of rock) : sulphura (na- 
tive). — As subst., the living, liv- 
ing creatures. — Phrase : ad vi- 
vum, to the quick. 

vix [?], adv., with difficulty, hardly, 
scarcely. — Also, of time, hardly, 
just, no sooner (with a new inci- 
dent immediately following). 

vocatus, -a, -urn, p.p. of voco. 

vocatus, -us, [fvoca- (of voco) + 
tus], m., a call, a dejnand, a re- 
quest, an invocation, a prayer. 

vociferor, -atus, -arl, [lost fvo- 
cifero- fr.f voc, of vox (as if voci-) 
-fer], 1. v. dep., cry out, shout, cry, 
exclaim. — With the words in di- 
rect discourse. 

voco, -avl, -atum, -are, [fvoco- 
(y'voc -f us, cf. aequivocus)], 
I. v. a. and n., call (in every shade 
of invitation and command), call 
to, call for, pray for, call upon, 
invoke, pray to, invite, summon, 
call together, rally, call by name, 
speak of, proclaim, direct; ad 
poenam (bring to justice) ; in 
artes (of trees, try to turn, de- 
mand of them) ; me ad fata (ask 
to share) ; pugnas (proclaim) ; 
cornix pluviam (as if the bird 
had power to bring it) ; ventis 
vocatis (having invoked the winds, 
but also of Mercury, summon) ; 
concilium (convene) . — Also, of 
things more or less personified, 
call, summon, challenge, rival, 
bid to go, direct, demand, await : 
Zaphyri; Cithaeron; ipsa res 
(bid) ; lux ultima (summon) ; 
aurae vela (invite) ; cursus vela 
(direct) ; cursum ventus (guide) . 
— Esp., call (by name), name. 



volaema, -ae, [fvola- (palm of 
the hand)], f., name of a large 
kind of pears. 

volatilis, -e, (fvolato- (p.p. of 
volo) + lis], adj., flying, winged. 

— Poetically, of missiles. 
Volcens, -entis, [?], m., a Latin. 
volema, see volaema, the better 

authenticated reading. 
volito, -a vl, -atum, -are, [as if 
f volito- (supposed p.p. of volo), 
cf. domito], 1. v. n., Jlit about, 
fly to and fro, Jlit, fly abroad, fly. 

— Less exactly, rush to and fro : 
milite Volsci (scour the fields) ; 
victor volitare per ora (fly). — 

— Of things, float, whirl, fly : tur- 
bo (spin). — volitans, -antis, p. 
as subst., an insect. 

volnus, see vulnus. 

volo, volui, no sup., velle, [yvol, 
akin to fiovXofxai and Sk. \AT]> 
irr. v. a. (with obj. implied), wish, 
will, be willing, consent, allow, 
choose, design : nunc laetum di- 
em esse velis (graciously make). 

— Also, (wish for one^s self), in- 
tend, purpose, have in view, mean. 

— With ace. and inf., clai?n, will 
have it that. — volens, -entis, p. 
as adj., propitious, gracious, will- 
ing, cheerful, glad. 

volo, -avi, -atum, -are, [?], 1. v. n., 
fly, fly abotit, flit. — Less exactly 
and fig., fly (as in Eng.), whirl 
along, skim, rush, speed, dart, be 
hurled, be flung, wave, shoot (of 
stars), roll up (of smoke, &c). — 
volans, -antis, p. as s>ubst.,flying 
creatures, winged creahires, birds. 

Volscens, see Volcens. 

Volscus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the 
Volsci (a people of Latium, be- 
tween the Pomptine marshes and 
Campania, who waged a stubborn 
warfare against the Romans, but 
were finally conquered about B.C. 
325), Volscian. — Plur. as subst., 
the Volsci (the people themselves), 
the Volscians. 

volubilis, -e, [f volvi- (of volvo) + 
bilis], adj., whirling. 



306 



Vocabulary. 



volucer (-cris), -cris, -ere, [f volo- 
(cf. velivolus) + cris, cf. f ludi- 
cro-], adj., flying, winged. — Less 
exactly, flying, rapid, fleet, winged 
(fig.) . — Also, fleeting : Somnus. 

— Fern, (rarely m.) as subs., a 
winged creature, a bird. 

volumen, -inis, [fvolvi- (of vol- 
vo) + men], n., a roll, a coil, a 
fold, a band (wound around). — 
Less exactly, a joint (the folding 
of the legs). 

voluntas, -atis, [fvolent- (earlier 
volont-, of volens) +tas] , L,zvish, 
will, desire, pleasure (desire). 

voluptas, -atis, [fvolupi- (reduced, 
cf. volup) + tas], f., pleasure, de- 
light, eitjoy?nent,joy. — Concretely, 
as in Eng., of the source of delight. 

Volusus, -I, [?], m., a Rutulian. 

volfitabrum, -f, [fvoluta- (of vo- 
luto) + brum], n., a wallow 9 a 
slough. 

voluto, -avi, -atum, -are, [fvo- 
luto- (cf. volvo)], I. v. a. and n., 
roll. — Less exactly, rollback, send 
echoing, make echo, echo, make re- 
sound. — Esp. with reflexive (or 
without) and in pass., roll, writhe. 

— Fig., revolve, turn over, ponder, 
meditate. 

volutus, -a, -um, p.p. of volvo. 

volvo, volvi, volutum, volvere, 
[^/volv, cf. iXvco'], 3. v. a. and n. 
Act., roll. — Pass, (as middle), be 
rolled, roll: volvitur Euryalus 
leto {writhe) ; — and fig., turn 
over, revolve (in the mind), pon- 
der : sub pectore sortem. — Esp., 
of the eyes, turn, roll. — Also, in 
pass., rarely act., of regular revolu- 
tion, revolve, run round, roll 
round: volvitur annus (roll 
round) ; volvenda dies ; volvun- 
tur sidera (are gliding on) ; ca- 
sus (run the round of) ; vices 
(turn on, roll on) ; saecula (of an 
oak, live the round of) . — Gener- 
ally with motion onwards, roll on, 
roll down ; — pass., also, pour, 
glide, wind: volvimur undis (are 
tossed) ; volvunt ad litora nuctus 



(of the winds) ; lacrimae volvun- 
tur inanes(/0^r down, are shed) ; 
incendia aestus (the fire rolling 
brings the heat, &c.) ; lapis volu- 
tus (whirling) ; sic volvere Par- 
cas (turn the wheel of destiny) ; 
rotam volvere per annos (run 
the round) ; — esp., unroll (of a 
scroll) : arcana; monimenta(^«- 
roll, study). — Also, roll up, roll 
forth, pour forth, send forth, send 
rolling up ; — pass, as mid. : ignis 
ad fastigia volvitur; saxa (of 
iEtna) ; sub naribus ignem equus 
(breathe forth) ; volvitur ater 
odor tectis (pour through, from 
the fire). — Also, roll over, throw 
headlong, send whirling, throw 
rolling, precipitate, go whirling 
(pass.). — Also, intrans., roll, re- 
volve. 

vomis (vomer), -eris, [?], m., a 
ploughshare. 

vomo, -111, -itum, -ere, [^/vom, 
akin to e^uecy, Sk. -y/vam], 3. v. a. 
and n., vomit, vomit forth, belch 
forth, throw up, send forth, 
emit. 

vorago, -inis, [fvora- (of voro) 
+ go, prob. through intermediate 
stem, cf. imago], f., an abyss, a 
whirlpool, a vortex, a yawning 
chasm. 

voro, -avi, -atum, -are, [fvoro- 
(cf. omnivorus), akin to &i(3pa>- 
(tko), Sk. Vg ar ]> *• v - a -> devour. 
— Fig., of the sea, swallow tip, 
engulf. 

vortex, see vertex. 

vosmet, see tu. 

votum, see voveo. 

votus, -a, -um, p.p. of voveo. 

voveo, vo vl, votum, vovere, [?], 
I. v. a., vow, devote, dedicate. — 
votus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., vowed 
(promised in a vow), votive. — 
Neut. as subst., a vow, a prayer 
(usually accompanied by a vow). 
— Also, a votive offering (the 
thing vowed) . 

vox, vocis, [yvoc (in voco, etc.) 
as stem (akin to tiros and Sk. 



Vocabulary. 



307 



■^/vach) ] , f., a voice (as sound, cf . 
verbum), the voice: nee vox 
nee verba sequuntur {articulate 
sound nor uitelligible words) . — 
Less exactly, a voice (of other liv- 
ing things), a note, a tone, a sound, 
a cry, a song: septem voces {the 
seven tones of the scale). — Also, 
words, language, speech, often ren- 
dered voice also in Eng. : vox ex- 
cidit ore {these words, &c.) ; voce 
magister {in song) ; prodere vo- 
ce sua {by his words)-, rumpit 
vocem {utter a voice, break si- 
lence) ; vocem volutant {roll their 
voices). — voce, abl., may often 
be absorbed in some other word, 
or rendered lips, or aloud, or by 
some similar device: compellat 
voce Menoeten {aloud) ; sic 
voce precatur {with these words) ; 
nostra voce {from my lips) ; qua 
voce {with what prayer); voce 
lacessit {with taunting words) . 

Vulcanius (Vol-), -a, -um, [fVul- 
cano- (reduced) + iu-s], adj., of 
Vulcan, Vulcanian. — Less ex- 
actly, of fire. 

Vulcanus (Vol-), -1, [?], m., Vul- 
can, the god of fire in its destruc- 
tive and mechanical forms. He 
was fabled to have a forge be- 
neath the Lipari islands, where he 
wrought the thunderbolts of Jupi- 
ter. — Fig., fire. 

vulgatus, -a, -um, p.p. of vulgo. 

vulgo (volgo), [abl. of vulgus], 



adv., generally, commonly, every- 
where. 

vulgo (vol-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fvulgo-], (of vulgus)], 1. v. a., 
spread abroad, publish, make 
known, make common: omnia vul- 
gata {trite themes). 

vulgus, -1, [ y / vulg(cf.Sk.vargas, a 
'crowd) + us],n. (sts.m.), the popu- 
lace, the commonmass,the crowd, the 
people (generally) . — Also, of an- 
imals, the mass, the flock, the swarm. 

vulnero (vol-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[fvulner- (of vulnus)], 1. v. a., 
wound. — Also fig., as in Eng. 

vulnificus (vol-), -a, -um, [stem 
of vulnus (as if vulno-) -ficus 
( -y/fac + us)], adj., wounding, de- 
structive, cutting. 

vulnus (vol-), -eris, [?], n., a 
wound{given or received), # stroke, 
a blow. — Less exactly, a weapon 
(inflicting a wound). — Also, of 
the mind, a wound, a blow, a pang, 
a pain. 

vulpes (vol-), -is, [?], f., a fox. 

vulsus(vol-),-a,-um, p.p. of vello. 

vultur (vol-), -uris, [?], m., a vul- 
ture. 

Vulturnus (Vol-), -I, [fvultur + 
nus], m., a river of Campania 
( Volturno) . 

vultus (vol-), -us, [V v °l (of vo- 
lo) + tus], m., an expression (of 
the face), the countenance, the as- 
pect. — Also, of things, appear- 
ance, look, aspect. 



Xantho, -us, [Gr. "Eavdw], f., one 

of the Nereids. 
Xanthus, -I, [Gr. *EavQos~\, m., a 

common name of rivers : I . A river 



of the Troad ; 2. A stream in 
Epirus, named for the first ; 3. A 
river in Lycia, a favorite haunt of 
Apollo. 



Z. 



Zacynthus, -I, [Gr. Za.Kwdos'], f., 
an island in the Ionian sea (now 
Zante) . 

Zephyrus, -i, [Gr. Zecpupos'], m., 



Zephyrus {the West wind). — Less 
exactly, wind (from any quarter). 
zona, -ae, [Gr. i&vr\\, f., a belt. — 
Also, a zone (of the earth) . 



J. 3. CUSHING & CO., PRINTERS, BOSTON. 



Press-work by Rockwell & Churchill* 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




